| persistent infection with human parainfluenza virus 3 in cv-1 cells: analysis of the role of defective interfering particles. | persistent infection of cultured cells with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), established following infection at high multiplicity, has been associated with the presence of one or more viral defective-interfering (di) particles in addition to standard viral genomes. we recently showed that persistent infection can also be established after low multiplicity infection, a condition not generally associated with amplification of di particles. the association of di particle genomes with persis ... | 1993 | 8386885 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid associated with aseptic meningitis. | parainfluenza virus type 3 has been isolated from the cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from six individuals--four children and two adults--over a 10-year period. all had fever, and four had signs of meningitis. all recovered uneventfully, including one child undergoing chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. the clinical presentation of this child who developed parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis is described, and the cases of five other individuals with parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from the csf a ... | 1993 | 8391749 |
| immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. | three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine il-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) and recombinant bovine il-2 (rboil-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (bhv-1/pi-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus vaccine. cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. all cytokine treatments increased non-major ... | 1993 | 8393601 |
| hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza 3: role of the neuraminidase in the viral life cycle. | the function of neuraminidase in the life cycle and pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) was studied by analyzing a variant of hpf3 that has decreased neuraminidase enzymatic activity. the variant virus is more fusogenic than the wild-type virus during an acute infection. cloning and sequencing of the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes from this variant revealed a single amino acid change in the hn protein and no alterations in the f protein sequence. analys ... | 1995 | 8525632 |
| peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (f) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. | the synthetic peptides dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), derived from separate domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmembrane (tm) protein, gp4l, are stable and potent inhibitors of hiv-1 infection and fusion. using a computer searching strategy (computerized antiviral searching technology, c.a.s.t.) based on the predicted secondary structure of dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), we have identified conserved heptad repeat domains analogous to the dp-107 and dp-178 regions of hiv-1 g ... | 1996 | 8700906 |
| functional interaction of paramyxovirus glycoproteins: identification of a domain in sendai virus hn which promotes cell fusion. | the cell fusion activity of most paramyxoviruses requires coexpression of a fusion protein (f) and a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (hn) which are derived from the same virus type. to define the domain of the hn protein which interacts with the f protein in a type-specific manner a series of chimeric hn proteins between two different paramyxoviruses, sendai virus (sn) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), was constructed and coexpressed with the sn-f protein by using the vaccinia viru ... | 1996 | 8709235 |
| parainfluenza-3-virus infection enhances allergic sensitization in the guinea-pig. | viral respiratory tract infections have been previously considered to be associated with induction of allergic sensitization. | 1996 | 8735875 |
| down-regulation of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein surface expression by a mutant fusion protein containing a retention signal for the endoplasmic reticulum. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins are the principal components involved in virion receptor binding, membrane penetration, and ultimately, syncytium formation. while the requirement for both f and hn in this process has been determined from recombinant expression studies, stable physical association of these proteins in coimmunoprecipitation studies has not been observed. in addition, coexpression of other heterologous param ... | 1996 | 8764007 |
| specific interaction in vitro and in vivo of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and la protein with cis-acting rnas of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) genome rna is transcribed and replicated by the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase, and specific cellular proteins play a regulatory role in these processes. to search for cellular proteins potentially interacting with hpiv3 cis-acting regulatory rnas, a gel mobility shift assay was used. two cellular proteins specifically interacted with the viral cis-acting rnas containing the genomic 3'-noncoding region and the plus-sense leader sequence region ... | 1996 | 8798741 |
| evaluation of a live attenuated bovine parainfluenza type 3 vaccine in two- to six-month-old infants. | a safe and effective parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) virus vaccine is needed to prevent serious piv-3-associated illness in infants younger than 6 months of age. in previous studies a live bovine piv-3 (bpiv-3) vaccine, which was developed to prevent human piv-3 (hpiv-3) disease, was shown to be safe, infectious, immunogenic and phenotypically stable in 6- to 36-month-old infants and children. | 1996 | 8858666 |
| rescue of sendai virus cdna templates with cdna clones expressing parainfluenza virus type 3 n, p and l proteins. | several years ago, we reported that a sendai virus (sev) defective genome (dih4uv) could be rescued in vivo with human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) and bovine piv3 but not by measles virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. it was concluded that the cis-acting rna sequences were conserved within the sev/piv1/piv3 group but that interactions between the polymerase complex (p-l) and the template protein n were unique for each virus. we have re-examined these conclusions using proteins expressed ... | 1996 | 8887479 |
| role of sensory neuropeptides in piv-3-infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | viral respiratory tract infections are known to induce transient airway hyper-responsiveness. the role of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neuropeptide system on virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in the guinea pig. ten guinea pigs were inoculated with parainfluenza 3 virus (piv-3.2 x 10(6) pfu) by nasal route. 16 animals served as untreated controls. viral infection was proven by histological changes and by demonstration of viral antigen using immunohistochemical techniques. f ... | 1997 | 9154673 |
| phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii. | transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ... | 1997 | 9185603 |
| viral regulation of cd95 expression and apoptosis in t lymphocytes. | t lymphocyte apoptosis has been observed in vivo in association with viral infections. one mechanism known to mediate t cell apoptosis is the cd95 (fas/apo-1) ag apoptotic pathway. cd95 is a cell surface protein that is expressed on activated t cells and is capable of relaying an intracellular apoptotic signal upon binding with cd95 ligand. cd95-dependent apoptosis has been shown to be involved in the homeostatic control of peripheral t cell numbers; however, the functional significance of the c ... | 1997 | 9233613 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus 3, adenovirus and rhinovirus sequences in respiratory tract of infants by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization. | immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of viral antigens in nasal aspirates is largely used for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus (piv) type 3 and adenovirus (adv) infections, whilst rhinovirus (rv) are detected by virus isolation technique (vit) only. using the two techniques, ifa and vit, a significant number of specimens remain negative in spite of clinical and epidemiological presumptions of viral infection. | 1997 | 9248656 |
| elevation of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in pulmonary fibrosis. | the aim of this study was to determine whether latent viral infection is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf), an interstitial lung disease whose aetiology remains to be elucidated. cytomegalovirus (cmv) immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement fixation (cf), epstein-barr (eb) viral capsid antigen (vca) igg, herpes simplex virus (hsv) igg, adenovirus cf, and parainfluenza 3 virus haemagglutinin inhibition (hi) titres were measured in the serum from patients with pulmonary diseases. t ... | 1997 | 9311499 |
| functional chimeric hn glycoproteins derived from newcastle disease virus and human parainfluenza virus-3. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) is primarily a respiratory tract pathogen of birds, particularly chickens, but it occasionally produces infection in man. human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a common respiratory pathogen, particularly in young children. these two viruses gain entry to host cells via direct fusion between the viral envelope and the cell membrane, mediated by the two surface glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins. promotion of fusion by hn ... | 1997 | 9413532 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in an intermediate care neonatal nursery. | of the four serotypes of human parainfluenza virus, parainfluenza type 3 causes the majority of infections in young children and infants. parainfluenza type 3 can occur in newborns, although most are born with neutralizing antibodies. there have been only infrequent reports of parainfluenza type 3 causing nosocomial respiratory infection in the newborn nursery setting. we report an outbreak occurring in the intermediate care nursery (imcn) at st. boniface hospital, winnipeg, canada. | 1998 | 9469395 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex pcr. | reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays have been widely described for use in the diagnosis of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and other respiratory virus pathogens. however, these assays are mostly monospecific, requiring separate amplifications for each hpiv type. in the present work, we describe multiplex rt-pcr assays that detect and differentiate hpiv serotypes 1, 2, and 3 in a combined reaction. specifically, a mixture of three pairs of primers to conserved regions of the hemagglutinin-n ... | 1998 | 9574711 |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex). | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex; prodesse, milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate rna of respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detecti ... | 1998 | 9636869 |
| the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasally or parenterally administered replication-deficient vaccinia-parainfluenza virus type 3 recombinants in rhesus monkeys. | immunization of rhesus monkeys with modified vaccinia ankara (mva) recombinants expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was compared with an intranasally-administered live, attenuated hpiv3 vaccine candidate, the cp45 derivative of the js strain of wildtype hpiv3. the mva recombinants, when given parenterally (i.m.) or as a parenteral-local (i.m. and i.t.) combination, induced an antibody response comparable to that ... | 1998 | 9682397 |
| detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma. | infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of m. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma has not been defined. eighteen asthmatics with chronic, stable asthma and 11 nonasthmatic control subjects underwent evaluation of the upper and lower airways and serologic analysis to determine the presence of m. pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and seven respiratory viruses through culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) and polymerase c ... | 1998 | 9731038 |
| impact of rnase l overexpression on viral and cellular growth and death. | the biologic actions of interferons (ifns) are complex and involve multiple biochemical mechanisms, including the 2-5a system, a regulated rna decay pathway. the 2-5a system is implicated in the antipicornavirus activity of ifn and in the control of apoptosis. to further investigate involvement of the 2-5a system in the control of viral and cellular growth and death, human rnase l cdna was stably expressed in murine 3t3 cells from a constitutive cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter. a clonal cell line ... | 1998 | 9858317 |
| alternative mechanisms of interaction between homotypic and heterotypic parainfluenza virus hn and f proteins. | cell fusion by human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) type 2 or type 3 requires the coexpression of both the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins from the same virus type, indicating that promotion of fusion requires a type-specific interaction between f and hn. in this report we have further investigated the interaction of the ectodomains of the f and hn glycoproteins from hpiv2 and hpiv3. we constructed mutants of the hpiv2 f and hpiv3 f proteins (f'-kdel) lacking a transme ... | 1999 | 9934692 |
| functional characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins expressed by adenovirus recombinants. | we constructed replication-competent human adenovirus type 5 (had5) recombinants (had5-hn and had5-f) containing the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) gene under the control of the simian virus 40 (sv40) regulatory sequences. these genes were inserted in the early region 3 (e3) of the had5 genome in the e3 parallel orientation. expression of hn or f in had5-hn- or had5-f-infected cell extracts, respectively, was observed by immunoprecipitati ... | 1998 | 10325535 |
| immune responses and protection induced by dna vaccines encoding bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins. | this study was designed to assess the parameters influencing the magnitude and type of immune responses generated to plasmids encoding the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins of bovine parainfluenzavirus type 3 (bpiv3). mice immunized with plasmids expressing hn or f under control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter were primed, but they did not develop measurable immune responses. in contrast, strong humoral and cellular immune responses were induced wit ... | 1999 | 10405354 |
| betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. | in this study the effect of betamethasone was investigated in guinea pigs that demonstrate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after a viral respiratory tract infection with parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. guinea pigs were pretreated with saline or betamethasone 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day for five consecutive days, starting on day 0 and ending on day 4. on day 1, the guinea pigs were inoculated with either control solution (medium) or pi3 virus. on day 5, airway responsive ... | 1999 | 10421828 |
| mutations in the c, d, and v open reading frames of human parainfluenza virus type 3 attenuate replication in rodents and primates. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a single-stranded negative-sense rna virus belonging to the respirovirus genus of the paramyxoviridae family in the order mononegavirales. the p gene encodes at least four proteins, including the c protein, which is expressed from an open reading frame (orf) that overlaps the p orf, and the d protein, which is encoded when the p orf is fused to the d orf by transcriptional editing. the p mrna also contains a third orf for the v protein, although it is ... | 1999 | 10497117 |
| a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | the fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (piv-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. interaction between the fusion protein of rsv and rhoa, a small gtpase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. we show here a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits rsv and syncytium formation induced by rsv and piv-3, both in vitro by inhibition of cell-to-cell fusion and in vivo by reduction of peak titer by 2 log10 in rsv-infected mice. t ... | 2000 | 10613821 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| [rapid diagnosis of principal respiratory viruses in the city of havana, 1995-97]. | acute respiratory diseases (ard) are the most common infections in humans and difficult to prevent. viruses have been recognized as predominant ethiological agents. in cuba, ard constitute a major problem of health and are the first cause of morbidity and important cause of mortality. in this paper, rapid diagnosis was performed to 516 clinical samples which arrived to the reference respiratory viruses laboratory of the pedro kourí institute of tropical medicine (ipk) from different parts of hav ... | 2000 | 10785939 |
| role of nh(2)- and cooh-terminal domains of the p protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in transcription and replication. | the phosphoproteins (p proteins) of paramyxoviruses play a central role in transcription and replication of the viruses by forming the rna polymerase complex l-p and encapsidation complex (n-p) with nucleocapsid protein (n) and binding to n protein-encapsidated genome rna template (n-rna template). we have analyzed the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) p protein and deletion mutants thereof in an in vitro transcription and in vivo replication system. the in vitro system utilizes purified ... | 2000 | 10846069 |
| long nucleotide insertions between the hn and l protein coding regions of human parainfluenza virus type 3 yield viruses with temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes. | recombinant parainfluenza virus 3 (rpiv3) is being developed as a vector to express foreign genes as a bivalent or multivalent live attenuated virus vaccine. in the present study, we examined the effect of inserted foreign sequence on virus replication in vitro and in vivo, focusing on the parameter of insert length. in one type of construct, foreign sequence of increasing length was flanked by piv3 transcription signals and inserted as an additional gene unit (gu insert) between the hn and l ge ... | 2000 | 10873765 |
| enhanced pulmonary pathology in cotton rats upon challenge after immunization with inactivated parainfluenza virus 3 vaccines. | vaccine-induced potentiation was studied in cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated human parainfluenza type 3, ultraviolet light-inactivated virus, or infection with live virus. immunized animals and unimmunized controls were later challenged by intranasal inoculation of live virus and evaluated for pulmonary pathology 4 days later. animals immunized with either of the inactivated vaccines developed marked peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and an alveolar cellular infiltration much mor ... | 2000 | 10893002 |
| comparison of identical temperature-sensitive mutations in the l polymerase proteins of sendai and parainfluenza3 viruses. | the l subunit of the rna-dependent rna polymerase of negative strand rna viruses is believed to possess all the enzymatic activities necessary for viral transcription and replication. mutations in the l proteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) have been shown to confer temperature sensitivity to the viruses; however, their specific defects have not been determined. mutant piv3 l proteins expressed from plasmids were tested for temperature sensitivi ... | 2000 | 11022007 |
| a serious outbreak of parainfluenza type 3 on a nursing unit. | to report a serious outbreak of respiratory illness in a nursing home, with isolation of parainfluenza type 3 in four cases. | 2000 | 11037007 |
| mechanism of interference mediated by human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | viral interference is characterized by the resistance of infected cells to infection by a challenge virus. mechanisms of viral interference have not been characterized for human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), and the possible role of the neuraminidase (receptor-destroying) enzyme of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein has not been assessed. to determine whether continual hn expression results in depletion of the viral receptors and thus prevents entry and cell fusion, we tested ... | 2000 | 11090179 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 inhibits gamma interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class ii expression directly and by inducing alpha/beta interferon. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is one of the major causes of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in newborns and infants. cellular immunity involving major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and class ii molecules plays an important role in controlling virus infection. several viruses have been shown to down-regulate gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-mediated mhc class ii expression. in this communication, we show that hpiv3 strongly inhibits the ifn-gamma-induced mhc class ii express ... | 2001 | 11152485 |
| parainfluenza virus 3 infection after stem cell transplant: relevance to outcome of rapid diagnosis and ribavirin treatment. | all 456 recipients of hemopoietic stem cell transplants (sct) at the hammersmith hospital, london, from january 1990 through september 1996 were reviewed for parainfluenza virus (piv) infections. of the 24 (5.3%) piv type 3 (piv3)-infected patients, 10 had upper respiratory tract infection and all survived, but 8 of 14 with pneumonia died. a same-day immunofluorescence test diagnosed piv3 infection in 20 (83%) of the 24 cases, but virus culture diagnosed only 10 (42%) of the 24 cases after a mea ... | 2001 | 11170949 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 upregulates icam-1 (cd54) expression in a cytokine-independent manner. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) causes bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in newborns and infants. several studies have implicated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) in inflammation during infection by viruses. in this study, we investigated the potential for hpiv3 to induce icam-1 in ht1080 cells. facs analysis showed that hpiv3 strongly induced icam-1 expression in these cells. the icam-1 induction was significantly reduced when the virions were uv inactivated prior to infect ... | 2000 | 11243408 |
| half-life of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) maternal antibody and cumulative proportion of hpiv3 infection in young infants. | during a phase 2 trial of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine, sequential serum samples were obtained from infants at 2, 6, 7, 12-15, and 13-16 months of age. paired serum samples obtained at 2 and 6 months of age were used to estimate the biologic half-life of human piv3 (hpiv3) maternal antibody in young infants. on the basis of the assumption that hpiv3 maternal antibody decays exponentially and constantly, the biologic half-life was estimated without adjusting for body weight increases ... | 2001 | 11262213 |
| interferon action against human parainfluenza virus type 3: involvement of a novel antiviral pathway in the inhibition of transcription. | interferon (ifn)-induced 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5a synthetase)/rnase l, pkr, and mx proteins are considered to be the principal antiviral protein pathways through which ifn induces an antiviral state. it was previously reported that human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) multiplication was inhibited by ifn-alpha in human lung epithelial cells a549 and that mxa was found to contribute to the inhibition process (zhao et al., virology 220:330-338, 1996). viral primary transcription wa ... | 2001 | 11312354 |
| differential effects of parainfluenza virus type 3 on human monocytes and dendritic cells. | to understand the lack of protective immunity observed after infection with parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), we tested the effect of the virus on human monocytes and monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (dcs). expression of viral antigens on the cell surfaces correlated with replication of the virus, which was marginal in monocytes but extremely efficient in dcs. the virus increased monocyte survival at least in part through the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating fact ... | 2001 | 11414808 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 hn-receptor interaction: effect of 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en on a neuraminidase-deficient variant. | the envelope of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) contains two viral glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and the fusion protein (f). hn, which is responsible for receptor attachment and for promoting f-mediated fusion, also possesses neuraminidase (receptor-destroying) activity. we reported previously that 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en (4-gu-dana) and related sialic acid-based inhibitors of hpf3 neuraminidase activity also inhibit hn-mediated receptor binding and fusion processes n ... | 2001 | 11462020 |
| respiratory virus infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | respiratory virus infections (rvi) have become an increasingly appreciated problem in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) population. a retrospective analysis of 274 patients undergoing 281 hsct at st. jude children's research hospital from january 1994 through december 1997 was performed. medical and clinical laboratory records were reviewed beginning at the onset of conditioning through the year following each hsct, and the analysis was done for the first rvi only. thirty-two (11%) o ... | 2001 | 11528566 |
| a chimeric human-bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing measles virus hemagglutinin is attenuated for replication but is still immunogenic in rhesus monkeys. | the chimeric recombinant virus rhpiv3-n(b), a version of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that is attenuated due to the presence of the bovine piv3 nucleocapsid (n) protein open reading frame (orf) in place of the hpiv3 orf, was modified to encode the measles virus hemagglutinin (ha) inserted as an additional, supernumerary gene between the hpiv3 p and m genes. this recombinant, designated rhpiv3-n(b)ha, replicated like its attenuated rhpiv3-n(b) parent virus in vitro and in the upper an ... | 2001 | 11581420 |
| outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 infections in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant population. | clinical manifestations and epidemiological features are described for a cluster of 12 cases of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) infection that occurred among 64 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (sct) recipients in an 11-week period during spring 2000. upper respiratory symptoms predominated. pneumonia occurred in 3 patients and was a contributing factor in the death of 1 patient. exposure histories and molecular analysis of hpiv3 isolates suggested that both community acquired a ... | 2001 | 11598830 |
| new antiviral cassane furanoditerpenes from caesalpinia minax. | a bioassay-guided study led to the isolation of five new cassane furanoditerpenes, designated as caesalmin c (1), d (2), e (3), f (4), and g (5), along with stigmasterol (6) from the seeds of caesalpinia minax. the (1)h and (13)c nmr spectra were completely assigned by using a combination of 2d nmr analyses. the structures of all five furanoditerpenes were confirmed by x-ray analyses. the structure of 6 was verified by x-ray analysis for the first time. the bioassay results showed that the anti- ... | 2001 | 11678648 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus infections for directed antiviral treatment using r-mix cultures. | the development of new anti-influenza drugs has led to concerns regarding the impact on healthcare costs if they are used indiscriminately. restricting their use to proven influenza virus infections has the potential to overcome costly inappropriate therapy. however, conventional culture (cc) does not generate results quickly enough to facilitate the timely initiation of treatment, and rapid detection tests have suboptimal sensitivity. we therefore investigated a new rapid culture system (r-mix) ... | 2002 | 11744435 |
| pre-emptive oral ribavirin therapy of paramyxovirus infections after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study. | infections with the paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) can result in serious morbidity and mortality after haemopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct). once pneumonia develops, the outcome of these infections is often poor despite anti-viral therapy. aerosolised ribavirin has been evaluated as pre-emptive therapy for post-transplant rsv infections with some success. due to the financial and logistic burden involved with the use of aerosolised ribavirin, ... | 2001 | 11781627 |
| interferon type i downregulates human parainfluenza virus type 3-induced major histocompatibility complex class ii expression. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) induces major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii expression in a signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (stat1)- and class ii transactivator (ciita)-independent manner. interferon (ifn)-gamma, the potent inducer of mhc class ii, on the other hand, requires both stat1 and ciita in the induction process. ifn-alpha/beta has been shown to inhibit the ifn-y-induced expression of mhc class ii by targeting a step(s) downstream of ciita. here w ... | 2002 | 11952149 |
| acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after para-influenza infection post bone marrow transplantation. | acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) is a parainfectious or postvaccination demyelinating condition, characterized by rapid onset of multifocal neurological deficits, usually occurring in childhood or adolescence. we report case of adem in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient, who presented with rapid onset of paraplegia and widespread neurological deficits 6 weeks after parainfluenza pneumonia. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed typical features of adem, involving the subc ... | 2002 | 11999589 |
| role of heparan sulfate in human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | our current studies have demonstrated that human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) utilizes heparan sulfate (hs) for its efficient cellular entry. hpiv-3 interacted with hs-agarose in vitro and the cellular entry and infection of hpiv-3 were reduced following (a) infection of human epithelial lung a549 cells with hpiv-3 pre-incubated with soluble hs; (b) treatment of a549 cells with heparinase to remove cell surface hs and sodium chlorate (naclo(3)), a potent inhibitor of proteoglycan sulfatio ... | 2002 | 12093175 |
| transmission pattern of parainfluenza 3 virus in guinea pig breeding herds. | in searching for the cause of experimental variations in respiratory research data, serology revealed the prevalence of antibodies against parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv 3) in guinea pigs. the aim of the present study was to explore the transmission rate, course, and kinetics of enzootic piv 3 infection in guinea pig breeding units. in the first part of the study, blood samples to be analyzed for piv 3 antibodies were collected from guinea pigs of a piv 3-positive breeding colony at different t ... | 2002 | 12109899 |
| role of a highly conserved nh(2)-terminal domain of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 rna polymerase. | the rna polymerase complex of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3), a member of the family paramyxoviridae, is composed of two virally encoded polypeptides: a multifunctional large protein (l, 255 kda) and a phosphoprotein (p, 90 kda). from extensive deduced amino acid sequence analyses of the cdna clones of a number of l proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses, a cluster of high-homology sequence segments have been identified within the body of the l proteins. here, we have fo ... | 2002 | 12134015 |
| more antibody with less antigen: can immunogenicity of attenuated live virus vaccines be improved? | new or improved vaccines against viruses such as influenza, parainfluenza types 1-3, measles, dengue, and respiratory syncytial virus would prevent an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality. vaccines or vaccine candidates exist against these viral diseases, but all could potentially be improved if the immunogenicity of the vaccine could be enhanced. we found that the immunogenicity in primates of a live-attenuated vaccine candidate for parainfluenza virus type 3, an enveloped rna virus that ... | 2002 | 12482928 |
| development and evaluation of nuclisens basic kit nasba for diagnosis of parainfluenza virus infection with 'end-point' and 'real-time' detection. | new methods for the detection of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) were developed. these were based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) and utilised the nuclisens basic kit. primers and probes were selected from the haemagglutinin neuraminidase (hn) gene of hpiv1, hpiv2 and hpiv3, and from the phosphoprotein (p) of hpiv4a and -4b. synthetic rna, titrated control virus stocks and respiratory specimens (n=44) were utilised to evaluate performance of the assays. detection of nasb ... | 2003 | 12609681 |
| triggering of human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion protein (f) by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein: an hn mutation diminishes the rate of f activation and fusion. | for human parainfluenza virus type 3 and many other paramyxoviruses, membrane fusion mediated by the fusion protein (f) has a stringent requirement for the presence of the homotypic hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (hn). with the goal of gaining further insight into the role of hn in the fusion process, we developed a simple method for quantitative comparison of the ability of wild-type and variant hns to activate f. in this method, hn/f-coexpressing cells with red blood cells (rbc) bound to ... | 2003 | 12610140 |
| parainfluenza viruses. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) were first discovered in the late 1950s. over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. this has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. hpiv is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. further major subtypes of hpiv-4 (a and b) and subgroups/genotypes of hpiv-1 and hpiv-3 have been described. hpiv-1 to hpiv-3 are major caus ... | 2003 | 12692097 |
| optimized detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. | nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 121 (110 pediatric) patients with acute respiratory infections were examined for respiratory virus detection by: i) conventional virus isolation in cell cultures (cc) using hep-2, llc-mk2, and mdck cells; ii) rapid virus isolation using shell vial cultures (svc) of a mixture (mix) of mink lung epithelial cells (mv1lu) and human lung carcinoma (a549) cells in comparison to llc-mk2 and mdck cells; iii) direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) assay on nps cells. a poo ... | 2003 | 12737194 |
| impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis. | viral infection is the primary cause of respiratory morbidity in cystic fibrosis (cf) infants. here, we identify that host factors allow increased virus replication and cytokine production, providing a mechanism for understanding the severity of virus disease in cf. increased virus is due to lack of nitric oxide synthase 2 (nos2) and 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase (oas) 1 induction in response to virus or ifngamma. this can be attributed to impairment of activation of signal transducer and act ... | 2003 | 12753739 |
| temporal activation of nf-kappab regulates an interferon-independent innate antiviral response against cytoplasmic rna viruses. | nf-kappab is known to exert its antiviral innate immune response via the ifn-beta-induced janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway. however, our current studies have demonstrated that activated nf-kappab is capable of directly establishing an antiviral state independent of ifn or secreted soluble factor(s) against two highly pathogenic respiratory rna viruses. human parainfluenza virus type 3, a mildly cytopathic virus that induced nf-kappab very early during infec ... | 2003 | 12960395 |
| safety of a modified-live combination vaccine against respiratory and reproductive diseases in pregnant cows. | a combination vaccine (bovi-shield fp4 + l5, pfizer animal health) containing modified-live virus (mlv) components against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv), parainfluenza virus-3 (pi3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and inactivated cultures of leptospira canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona was evaluated for safety in pregnant beef and dairy animals. heifers vaccinated prebreeding with the minimum immunizing dose (lowest ant ... | 2003 | 14506587 |
| uncinoside a and b, two new antiviral chromone glycosides from selaginella uncinata. | five compounds have been isolated from the dried whole plants of selaginella uncinata, two of them were new chromone glycosides, 5-hydroxy-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside a) and 5-acetoxyl-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside b). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the other three compounds were identified as 8-methyl eugenitol, amentoflavone and hinokiflavone. uncino ... | 2003 | 14600370 |
| evaluation of attenuation, immunogenicity and efficacy of a bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) vaccine and a recombinant chimeric bovine/human piv-3 vaccine vector in rhesus monkeys. | restricted replication in the respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys is an intrinsic property of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) strains. this host range phenotype of bpiv-3 has been utilized as a marker to evaluate the attenuation of bpiv-3 vaccines for human use. two safety, immunogenicity and efficacy studies in primates evaluated and compared three human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) vaccine candidates: biologically derived bpiv-3, a plasmid-derived bpiv-3 (r-bpiv-3) and a chim ... | 2003 | 14645907 |
| health evaluation of pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, argentina. | samples from 14 free-ranging pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) were collected in 1995 and 1998, at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, buenos aires, argentina. hematology, serum chemistries, minerals and metals, and fecal parasites were analyzed. in addition, fecal ova and parasites were evaluated seasonally during 1998-2000. serology for infectious diseases included blue-tongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, infectious b ... | 2003 | 14733285 |
| generation of recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 vaccine candidates by importation of temperature-sensitive and attenuating mutations from heterologous paramyxoviruses. | human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) is a significant cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and young children for which a vaccine is needed. in the present study, we sought to attenuate hpiv1 by the importation of one or more known attenuating point mutations from heterologous paramyxoviruses into homologous sites in hpiv1. the introduced mutations were derived from three attenuated paramyxoviruses: (i) hpiv3cp45, a live-attenuated hpiv3 vaccine candidate containing multiple attenua ... | 2004 | 14747566 |
| an oligosaccharide at the c-terminus of the f-specific domain in the stalk of the human parainfluenza virus 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase modulates fusion. | the promotion of membrane fusion by the fusion (f) protein of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) is dependent on a virus-specific contribution from the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein. by evaluation of chimeric hpiv3-newcastle disease virus (ndv) hn proteins, we have previously shown that hpiv3-f-specificity is determined by a domain that extends from the middle of the membrane anchor to the 82nd residue in the ectodomain [virology 209, (1995) 457; arch. virol. 13 (1997) 115]. if the c ... | 2004 | 14749183 |
| the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) c protein inhibits viral transcription. | the c protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3), like other paramyxovirus c proteins, is synthesized from an alternate open reading frame (orf) encoded within the phosphoprotein (p) mrna, in addition, to two other proteins, namely d and v, which arise from the same mrna by a process of transcriptional editing. the precise role of the c, d, and v proteins in viral transcription and replication, and their interaction, if any, with other viral proteins remains unknown. to ascertain the r ... | 2004 | 14749186 |
| prolonged outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 infection in a stem cell transplant outpatient department: insights from molecular epidemiologic analysis. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality after stem cell transplantation, and inpatient nosocomial outbreaks are common. from september 1998 to july 1999, 93 stem cell transplantation recipients at our institution contracted hpiv3, of which 66 (71%) were being followed up in our outpatient department (opd). the peak incidence was in september and october, when 39 cases were identified; thereafter, hpiv3 incidence decreased to approximately 5 ... | 2004 | 14752780 |
| the value of virus serology in epidemiological studies of acute otitis media in children. | acute otitis media (aom) is a major health problem in young children. there is a general conception that aom is a bacterial disease but with the availability of sensitive diagnostic methods, it has gradually become evident that viruses play an important role in the pathogenesis of aom. paired blood samples are seldom taken from infants although valuable information could be obtained by serological methods. during the recent finnish otitis media (finom) cohort study, in addition to nasopharyngeal ... | 2004 | 15018861 |
| rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time pcr for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. | laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is generally performed by virus isolation in cell culture and immunofluorescent assays. reverse transcriptase pcr is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of respiratory rna viruses. a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of influenza a and influenza b viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1), piv2, piv3, and piv4 in a two-tube multiplex reactio ... | 2004 | 15071005 |
| evaluation of r-mix shell vials for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections. | respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality. the management of these infections can be improved by a rapid diagnosis and administration of available virus-specific therapy. the goal of this study was to compare r-mix, an engineered tissue monolayer for rapid shell vial (sv) diagnosis of viral respiratory infections, with conventional tissue culture (tc) and conventional respiratory sv (primary rhesus monkey kidney (rhmk) and hep2 monolayers). the primary outcome measure was sen ... | 2004 | 15072762 |
| mucosal immunisation of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the sars coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of sars. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002 was caused by a previously unknown coronavirus-sars coronavirus (sars-cov). we have developed an experimental sars vaccine for direct immunisation of the respiratory tract, the major site of sars- coronavirus transmission and disease. | 2004 | 15220033 |
| lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins derived from human parainfluenza virus type 3. | we describe the generation of lentiviruses pseudotyped with human parainfluenza type 3 envelope (hpiv3) glycoproteins. lentivirus particles, expressed in 293t/17 cells, incorporate hpiv3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins into their lipid bilayers and are able to transduce human kidney epithelial cells and polarized mdck cells. neuraminidase, azt, and anti-hpiv3 antisera block transduction, which is consistent with lentiviral-mediated transduction via sialated receptors for ... | 2004 | 15575716 |
| decreased dependence on receptor recognition for the fusion promotion activity of l289a-mutated newcastle disease virus fusion protein correlates with a monoclonal antibody-detected conformational change. | it has been shown that the l289a-mutated newcastle disease virus (ndv) fusion (f) protein gains the ability to promote fusion of cos-7 cells independent of the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein and exhibits a 50% enhancement in hn-dependent fusion over wild-type (wt) f protein. here, we show that hn-independent fusion by l289a-f is not exhibited in bhk cells or in several other cell lines. however, similar to the results in cos-7 cells, the mutated protein plus hn does promote 50 to ... | 2005 | 15613345 |
| evaluation of a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine for the protection of cattle against diseases due to common viral infections. | efficacy of an inactivated quadrivalent vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was assessed in naive bovine calves to evaluate short-term (4-18 weeks) and long-term (24-38 weeks) protection following the basic intramuscular vaccination regime of 2 inoculations a month apart. vaccination was staggered between the long-term and the short-term groups by abou ... | 2004 | 15628806 |
| contamination of a specific-pathogen-free rat breeding colony with human parainfluenzavirus type 3. | routine antibody surveillance for sendai virus in a breeding colony suggested viral invasion into laboratory rats. a more specific haemagglutination-inhibition test implied that the agent was related closely to human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), rather than sendai virus. to isolate this virus, vero cells were inoculated with lung homogenates of 30 young animals from the colony. one of the cultures became positive at the second passage by rt-pcr directed to the hpiv3 np and l genes. cytopa ... | 2005 | 15722534 |
| development of three multiplex rt-pcr assays for the detection of 12 respiratory rna viruses. | three multiplex hemi-nested rt-pcr assays were developed to detect simultaneously 12 rna respiratory viruses: influenza viruses a, b and c, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (piv-1, -2, -3 and -4), human coronavirus oc43 and 229e (hcov) and rhinovirus (hrv). an internal amplification control was included in one of the rt-pcr assays. the rt-pcr multiplex 1 and the hemi-nested multiplex 1 detected 1 and 0.1 tcid50 of rsv a, respec ... | 2005 | 15847919 |
| structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose. | the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) functions in virus attachment to cells, cleavage of sialic acid from oligosaccharides, and stimulating membrane fusion during virus entry into cells. the structural basis for these diverse functions remains to be fully understood. we report the crystal structures of the parainfluenza virus 5 (sv5) hn and its complexes with sialic acid, the inhibitor dana, and the receptor sialyllactose. sv5 hn shares common structural features with hn of newcast ... | 2005 | 15893670 |
| structure of the uncleaved ectodomain of the paramyxovirus (hpiv3) fusion protein. | class i viral fusion proteins share common mechanistic and structural features but little sequence similarity. structural insights into the protein conformational changes associated with membrane fusion are based largely on studies of the influenza virus hemagglutinin in pre- and postfusion conformations. here, we present the crystal structure of the secreted, uncleaved ectodomain of the paramyxovirus, human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion (f) protein, a member of the class i viral fusion protein g ... | 2005 | 15964978 |
| entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease. | human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell's cytoplasm. during this process, the receptor-binding molecule must trigger the viral fusion protein to mediate f ... | 2005 | 16007245 |
| immunohistochemical detection of parainfluenza type 3 virus antigens in paraffin sections of pneumonic caprine lungs. | pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to ruminants throughout the world. parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of bovine and ovine. in this study, prevalence of pi-3 virus infection as causative agent of pneumonia in goats was investigated. for this purpose, a total of 1505 goat lungs slaughtered in bitlis and van slaughterhouses were grossly examined and pneumonia was detected in 74 cases (4.91%). lesions were more frequently encountered in anterove ... | 2005 | 16050906 |
| a review of vaccine research and development: human acute respiratory infections. | worldwide, acute respiratory infections (aris) constitute the leading cause of acute illnesses, being responsible for nearly 4 million deaths every year, mostly in young children and infants in developing countries. the main infectious agents responsible for aris include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. while effective vaccines against influenza, h. influenzae type b (hib) and s. pneumonia ... | 2005 | 16154667 |
| naturally occurring parainfluenza virus 3 infection in adults induces mild exacerbation of asthma associated with increased sputum concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes. | viral respiratory tract infections represent the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbation in both children and adults, but the precise mechanism of such exacerbation remains unknown. | 2005 | 16215328 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| a single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose ebola virus challenge. | to determine whether intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine can induce protective immunity against ebola virus (ev), recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was modified to express either the ev structural glycoprotein (gp) by itself (hpiv3/ebogp) or together with the ev nucleoprotein (np) (hpiv3/ebogp-np). expression of ev gp by these recombinant viruses resulted in its efficient incorporation into virus particles and increased cytopathic effect in vero cells. ... | 2006 | 16474134 |
| evaluation of a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, para-influenza type-3 virus and pasteurella multocida in calves. | a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and pasteurella multocida type b vaccine was prepared. the preparation contained 10(7) tcid50 of ibr, 10(7) tcid50 of pi3 & 10(9) cfu of p. multocida type b per 3 ml. ten calves (5-7 days old) were vaccinated intranasally while five unvaccinated calves of the same age were used as control. vaccinated calves were examined daily for disease manifestation. serum and nasal secretion specimen ... | 2004 | 16734122 |
| parainfluenza type 3 infection post stem cell transplant: high prevalence but low mortality. | parainfluenza type 3 (piv 3) is a well-recognized cause of respiratory illness after stem cell transplantation (sct), with an estimated incidence of 2-7% and a high mortality rate associated with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). a 12-month retrospective study was undertaken in which 23 positive cases of piv 3 occurred in sct recipients. the frequency of infection was 36.1% in matched unrelated donor sct recipients, 23.8% in sibling allogeneic sct recipients and 2.3% in autologous transp ... | 2006 | 16772104 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. | conventional fluorescent-antibody (fa) methods were compared to real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus type a (flua), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (piv1, piv2, and piv3), human metapneumovirus (mpv), and adenovirus (adv) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. at least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by fa and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by pcr (p<0.001). specimen quality w ... | 2006 | 16825353 |
| viral etiology of pneumonia in a cohort of newborns till 24 months of age in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | limited information is available on the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) particularly pneumonia in the rural community of developing countries since most etiological studies are carried out in the hospital settings. this study examined the etiology of pneumonia among young children in a rural community of bangladesh. a cohort of 252 newborns was followed till 24 months of age during 1993-1996. community health workers (chws) identified cases of alri during household surveilla ... | 2006 | 16857616 |
| seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: united states, 1990-2004. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract illness among children and adults. | 2006 | 16983614 |
| molecular investigations of an outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus infections in a hematology unit. | a large simultaneous outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) infections occurred on an adult hematology unit. implementation of enhanced infection control was complicated by cocirculation of the two different viruses, with prolonged viral shedding from infected patients, and placed great pressure on health care staff; of 27 infected hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, 9 died, and the unit was closed for 2 months. retrospective molecular investigati ... | 2007 | 17392447 |
| detection of parainfluenza virus 3 in turbinate epithelial cells of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients. | postviral olfactory dysfunction (pvod) develops after a common cold, but little is known about the viral pathogen inducing olfactory dysfunction. we hypothesized that human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) may cause pvod. we therefore assayed the nasal cavity mucosae of pvod patients for the presence or persistence of piv3. | 2007 | 17572640 |
| optimisation of the response to respiratory virus vaccines in cattle. | | 2007 | 17720964 |
| identification and evaluation of a highly effective fusion inhibitor for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections that are particularly severe in young children, elderly subjects, and immunocompromised patients. to date, no treatments or vaccines are available for hmpv infections. our objective was to assess the inhibitory potential of several peptides derived from the heptad repeat a and b (hra and hrb) domains of the hmpv fusion protein. nine candidate peptides were expressed in escherichia coli or obtained synthetic ... | 2008 | 17967906 |
| irf-3 activation by sendai virus infection is required for cellular apoptosis and avoidance of persistence. | here, we report that specific manipulations of the cellular response to virus infection can cause prevention of apoptosis and consequent establishment of persistent infection. infection of several human cell lines with sendai virus (sev) or human parainfluenza virus 3, two prototypic paramyxoviruses, caused slow apoptosis, which was markedly accelerated upon blocking the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (pi3 kinases) in the infected cells. the observed apoptosis required viral gene expre ... | 2008 | 18216110 |
| the c, v and w proteins of nipah virus inhibit minigenome replication. | nipah virus (niv) is a recently emergent, highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxovirus of the genus henipavirus. like the phosphoprotein (p) gene of other paramyxoviruses, the p gene of niv is predicted to encode three additional proteins, c, v and w. when the c, v and w proteins of niv were tested for their ability to inhibit expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene in plasmid-based, minigenome replication assays, each protein inhibited cat expression in a dose-depen ... | 2008 | 18420809 |
| current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections. | parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. because pivs account for 17% of hospitalized illness associated virus isolation, the development of piv vaccine would be a major advance in preventing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. we will review in detail several piv vaccine candidates and recent newer approaches to piv vaccine development. intranasally administered bovi ... | 2008 | 18820572 |
| parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects. | little information on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) infections, especially in children from tropical countries, has been published. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hpiv infections in children attended at a large hospital in fortaleza in northeast brazil, and describe seasonal patterns, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections. from january 2001 to december 2006, a total of 3070 nasopharyngeal aspi ... | 2008 | 18833402 |