| prevalence of hepatitis c virus infections among heterosexuals with multiple partners. | a study among heterosexual men and women with multiple sexual partners was carried out to assess the seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis c virus (hcv). the 468 participants were recruited among visitors to the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in amsterdam. sera were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa; ortho), a recombinant-based immunoblot assay (riba; chiron), and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 468 persons were tested, and seven (1.5%) were f ... | 1991 | 1940879 |
| severe chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune type) mimicked by coinfection of hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses. | severe chronic active hepatitis, defined as the presence of a fivefold increase in serum aminotransferases and a twofold rise in gamma globulin for at least 10 weeks, is considered a progressive immunological liver disease requiring corticosteroid treatment, particularly when serum autoantibodies and a severe lymphoplasmacellular periportal infiltrate are found in the liver biopsy specimen. a 38 year old man who fulfilled the criteria for severe chronic active hepatitis is described. his sex, hi ... | 1991 | 1955176 |
| phenprocoumon-induced hepatitis mimicking non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a 58-year-old man presented with jaundice 6 months after aortic valve replacement. although non-a, non-b hepatitis was initially suspected, the final diagnosis of phenprocoumon (marcoumar)-induced hepatitis progressing to cirrhosis was based on recurrence of jaundice after re-exposure to the drug, improvement after withdrawal and centrilobular necrosis with eosinophilic infiltration in the liver biopsy. antibodies to hepatitis c virus were absent. the aortic valve was replaced by a bioprosthesis ... | 1990 | 1963177 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the capsid protein of hepatitis c virus with a synthetic oligopeptide. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the determination of antibodies against the putative capsid protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv). a 36-mer oligopeptide with a sequence of rrgprlgvratrktsersqprgrrqpipkvrrpegr (cp9) was synthesized; it was selected on the translation product of the presumptive hcv core gene, because of a high local hydrophilicity and excellent conservation by different hcv strains. the synthetic peptide was immobilized on a solid-support to capture antibodies ... | 1990 | 1963454 |
| sequence diversity of hepatitis c viral genomes. | the nucleotide sequences of cdnas (275 base-pairs) in the non-structural protein 5 regions of japanese isolates of hepatitis c virus (hcv-j) from the plasma of 11 patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis and the livers of five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. approximately 14 to 17% of nucleotide sequences of the hcv-js examined differed from that of the original isolate in the united states (hcv-us). furthermore, 2.5 to 11% sequence diversity was found among the hcv-js. the nuc ... | 1990 | 1963917 |
| detection of hepatitis c viral sequences in non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) was investigated by analysing clinical samples for both hcv rna by cdna/polymerase chain reaction and antibodies against c100-3 by radioimmunoassay. of fifteen chronic nanbh patients and one patient with chronic cryptogenic liver disease, ten were positive for anti-c100-3 and seven of the ten had viral sequences in their livers. however, two patients negative for anti-c100-3 also had substantial levels of hcv ... | 1990 | 1967327 |
| type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis c virus infection. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 46 patients seropositive for liver-kidney microsomal antibody (anti-lkm1), the marker of autoimmune hepatitis type 2. 43 had chronic hepatitis (with histological confirmation in 34) and 3 were seropositive for anti-lkm1 without clinical or biochemical evidence of liver damage. the overall prevalence of anti-hcv was 78.2% or 86.1% in patients with chronic hepatitis--a similar prev ... | 1990 | 1967721 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1990 | 1967764 |
| hepatitis c virus causing non-a, non-b hepatitis in plasmapheresis centre. | | 1990 | 1967785 |
| intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 1967786 |
| infectivity of blood seropositive for hepatitis c virus antibodies. | stored serum samples from 5150 blood product transfusions and 383 recipients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as part of a prospective study on post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh). donor cofactors associated with hcv infectivity of anti-hcv-positive blood products were raised alanine aminotransferase concentrations (6 of 9 infective vs 1 of 26 not infective); a mean elisa optical density/cut-off rati ... | 1990 | 1968574 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in chronic active hepatitis: pathogenetic factor or false-positive result? | an enzyme immunoassay (ortho-hcv elisa) for antibodies against the hepatitis c virus (hcv) was used to test 143 serum samples from 53 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (ai-cah). optical density (od) values in the assay correlated closely with serum globulin (r = 0.8846, p much less than 0.0005) and igg (r = 0.6281, p less than 0.0005) concentrations but not with immunosuppressant therapy. od values were positive in 20 (65%) of 31 with active disease and in only 1 (5%) of 22 in re ... | 1990 | 1969512 |
| antibody avidity test for recent infection with hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 1969529 |
| screening for hepatitis c virus antibody in plasma for fractionation. | | 1990 | 1969577 |
| type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis c virus infection. | | 1990 | 1970012 |
| detection of serum hepatitis c virus rna. | | 1990 | 1970049 |
| recombinant immunoblot assay for hepatitis c virus antibody as predictor of infectivity. | | 1990 | 1970062 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody and hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1990 | 1971052 |
| screening for hepatitis c virus antibody in plasma for fractionation. | | 1990 | 1971053 |
| mother-to-infant transmission and hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 1971054 |
| antibody to superoxide dismutase, autoimmune hepatitis, and antibody tests for hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 1971405 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients. | | 1990 | 1971697 |
| hepatitis c antibody and chronic liver disease in haemophilia. | a radioimmunoassay was used to detect antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in 154 patients with haemophilia. prevalence of anti-hcv was associated with exposure to clotting factor concentrates. 76 of 129 (59%) who had received factor viii or ix had anti-hcv: 42 of 55 (76%) who required over 10,000 units of concentrate annually had anti-hcv, compared with 34 of 74 (46%) who required less, and 0 of 25 patients who had never received concentrates. anti-hcv were significantly more common in pa ... | 1990 | 1971863 |
| autoimmune hepatitis in children and hepatitis c virus testing. | | 1990 | 1971892 |
| maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus and hiv infections: a possible interaction. | | 1990 | 1971901 |
| detection of hepatitis c viral sequences in blood donations by "nested" polymerase chain reaction and prediction of infectivity. | of 1100 blood donations tested during a prospective study of post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh), 6 (0.55%) were repeatedly reactive in a commercial assay for antibodies to the c100 protein of hepatitis c virus. only 1 of the 6 donations (17%) transmitted nanbh to a recipient. hepatitis c virus rna sequences were detected in the serum of the transmitting donor by an assay which used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and non-radioisotopic detection. no such sequences were detected i ... | 1990 | 1972209 |
| hepatitis c virus upstanding. | | 1990 | 1972212 |
| detection by pcr of hepatitis c virus in factor viii concentrates. | | 1990 | 1972252 |
| prevention of hepatitis c virus infection in haemophiliacs. | | 1990 | 1972253 |
| immunoglobulins and hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 1972462 |
| hepatitis c virus transmission by monoclonal antibody purified factor viii concentrate. | | 1990 | 1972463 |
| prevention of hepatitis c virus infection in haemophiliacs. | | 1990 | 1973252 |
| false-positive hepatitis c virus antibody tests in paraproteinaemia. | | 1990 | 1973253 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in plasma pools. | | 1990 | 1973512 |
| suppression of hepatitis c virus rna by interferon-alpha. | | 1990 | 1973789 |
| infectivity of blood that is immunoblot intermediate reactive on hepatitis c virus antibody testing. | | 1990 | 1973990 |
| screening donors for hepatitis c virus antibody. | | 1990 | 1973991 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus rna in serum. | | 1990 | 1973992 |
| alanine aminotransferase screening and hepatitis c virus antibody. | | 1990 | 1974981 |
| hepatitis c virus rna in symptomless donors implicated in post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis. | | 1990 | 1974982 |
| hepatitis c virus transmitted by human bite. | | 1990 | 1975005 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in hungary. the hungarian multicenter hcv study group. | | 1990 | 1975309 |
| hepatitis c quantification and sequencing in blood products, haemophiliacs, and drug users. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detected specific hepatitis c viral (hcv) rna sequences in plasma from 15 of 21 haemophiliacs (12 hcv-antibody positive) and 7 of 27 intravenous drug users (13 hcv-antibody positive). quantification of rna-positive samples showed high levels of hcv (10(5) to 10(6) copies of rna/ml) in infected patients. hcv was more frequently found in haemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus (11/11 hiv-positive and 4/10 hiv-negative patients). hcv-rna was dete ... | 1990 | 1979093 |
| tissue transplant-transmitted infections. | tissue bankers, as well as those transplanting tissues, have been sensitized to the possibility of transmission of fatal infection via tissue transplants, particularly following recent reports of a few cases of aids or hiv infection from bone, semen, and skin grafts. it is beyond the scope of this review to describe the steps taken by tissue banks to enhance the safety of tissue transplants. of note is the fact that a number of new donor screening tests, such as those for antibody to hiv, hbcag, ... | 1991 | 2003329 |
| comparison of the replication of distinct strains of human coronavirus oc43 in organotypic human colon cells (caco-2) and mouse intestine. | three strains of human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 were compared for their ability to cause enteric infections and to induce interferon alpha (ifn alpha) using the caco-2 human colon carcinoma cell line which exhibits spontaneous epithelial differentiation in vitro. mrc-5 cell culture grown stocks were prepared from: 1. cv paris, a strain of oc43 recovered from an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. 2. cv mb, a neurotropic strain of oc43 which exhibits strict neuronal specificity in mu ... | 1990 | 2103102 |
| molecular characterization of the 229e strain of human coronavirus. | human coronaviruses (hcv) cause various respiratory, gastrointestinal and possibly neurological disorders. very little is known of the molecular biology of these ubiquitous pathogens. we have undertaken the molecular characterization of the prototype 229e strain of hcv. the virus grew to the highest titers on a human embryonic lung cell line (l132) at 33 degrees c and purification was optimal on renografin-60 gradients. metabolic labeling with [35s]methionine or [3h]glucosamine or galactose and ... | 1990 | 2103105 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis c virus. a preliminary study in volunteer blood donors. | in a survey carried out from 1985 through 1986, volunteer blood donors to the greater new york blood program were tested for two surrogate markers for non-a, non-b hepatitis--elevation of alanine aminotransferase level and presence of antibody to hepatitis b core antigen. stored serum samples from selected donors were also recently tested for antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). anti-hcv was detected in 0.9% to 1.4% of donors and was higher in black and hispanic donors than in white donors. ... | 1990 | 2104548 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis and antibody to hepatitis c virus. | stored serum samples from the transfusion-transmitted viruses study in the 1970s were tested for the presence of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). single specimens from five control subjects who did not receive transfusions tested negative for anti-hcv. of four control subjects who did not receive transfusions and who developed non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis after hospitalization, three remained anti-hcv negative; the fourth person with postoperative nanb hepatitis tested anti-hcv positiv ... | 1990 | 2104549 |
| detection of antibody against antigen expressed by molecularly cloned hepatitis c virus cdna: application to diagnosis and blood screening for posttransfusion hepatitis. | a cdna clone has been derived from the plasma of a chimpanzee with chronic non-a, non-b viral hepatitis (nanbh). we have assayed for antibodies reacting with the encoded antigen in sera from posttransfusion hepatitis patients (643 samples from 23 patients) and their corresponding donors collected during the past 10 years in japan. the antibody was detected in 15 out of 17 (88.2%) posttransfusion nanbh (pt-nanbh) patients whose sera over time displayed multiple alanine aminotransferase (alt) peak ... | 1990 | 2105505 |
| [hepatitis c virus (hcv), anti-hcv and non-a, non-b hepatitis]. | our data on 559 serum samples are discussed in the light of the present knowledge on hepatitis c virus (hcv). this newly discovered virus is thought to be the main cause of the bloodborne non-a, non-b hepatitis. hcv is a single-stranded, encapsulated rns virus. presently one antibody, anti-hcv, is detectable, which is directed against a nonstructural viral component. this antibody appears only weeks to months after infection or onset of the disease. within 6-9 months 60-80% of the patients with ... | 1990 | 2106158 |
| high prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in multitransfused hemophiliacs with normal transaminase levels. | | 1990 | 2106281 |
| [blood transfusion and hepatitis: hepatitis c virus detection]. | | 1990 | 2106428 |
| anti-hepatitis c virus antibody prevails in fulminant hepatic failure. | serial serum samples obtained from 27 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in a variety of etiology were tested for anti-hepatitis c virus antibody (anti-hcv). seven out of 10 patients (70%) with fhf due to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were positive for anti-hcv, showing a significantly higher rate than that in acute hbv hepatitis (0/17, 0%): in particular, all 3 post-transfusion hbv-fhf cases were found to be positive for the antibody. the incidence of anti-hcv in sporadic non-a n ... | 1990 | 2106465 |
| hepatitis c virus: a giant leap forward. | | 1990 | 2106475 |
| long-term follow-up of posttransfusion and sporadic chronic hepatitis non-a, non-b and frequency of circulating antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv). | the natural course of chronic hepatitis non-a, non-b (hnanb) was documented for 3-20 yr (mean 8 yr) in 86 patients, who attended our special ambulance between 1981 and 1988. sixty five of the 86 patients (75%) were positive for circulating antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) (anti-hcv). twenty four patients had chronic posttransfusion (pt)-hnanb (18 anti-hcv-positive; 75%), and 62 patients had sporadic (s)-hnanb (47 anti-hcv-positive; 75%). twenty nine per cent of patients with chronic pt ... | 1990 | 2106548 |
| [from non-a non-b hepatitis to hepatitis c virus]. | | 1990 | 2107109 |
| [hepatitis c virus: a discovery of molecular biology]. | | 1990 | 2107110 |
| correlation of hepatitis c virus antibodies with hiv-1 seropositivity in intravenous drug addicts. | | 1990 | 2110117 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease. | to determine the prevalence and meaning of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver diseases. | 1990 | 2111108 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies among hemodialysis patients. | | 1990 | 2111110 |
| mother to infant transmission of hepatitis c virus infection. | eight women with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection during pregnancy gave birth to 11 children. five of these children had elevated alt, but only two had increased levels in more than one sample. all children tested before 6 months of age were positive for anti-hcv at most up to 7 months of age and then became negative. one child with a maximum alt level of 8.4 mukat/l however, regained anti-hcv positivity at 12 months of age, and a liver biopsy at 21 months of age showed resolving hepati ... | 1990 | 2111372 |
| the serology of hepatitis c virus in relation to post-transfusion hepatitis. | natural history studies conducted over the past 15 years have shown that parenterally transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis infection frequently results in an indolent chronic disease with serious long-term consequences. the recent identification of nucleic acid sequences comprising the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has allowed the development of a serological assay based upon recombinant viral proteins specifically associated with the major agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis infection. the hcv ant ... | 1990 | 2111652 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in non-a non-b fulminant viral hepatitis. | | 1990 | 2112102 |
| screening of blood donations for hepatitis c virus antibody. | | 1990 | 2112223 |
| blood screening for non-a, non-b hepatitis by hepatitis c virus antibody assay. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody was detected in 1499 donor sera by radioimmunoassay using an antigen expressed in yeast from a cdna clone of the hcv genome. eighteen samples over 4200 counts per minute (cpm) were considered to contain infectious hcv because these recipients developed typical posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis after transfusion. the antibody-positive sera were all within the normal range of alt levels. this assay system is thus useful for the screening for blood transfusion. | 1990 | 2112278 |
| anti-hepatitis c virus in blood donors with raised alt levels. | | 1990 | 2112281 |
| low risk for hepatitis c in hemophiliacs given a high-purity, pasteurized factor viii concentrate. international study group. | to assess whether the hepatitis b virus (hbv), the hepatitis c virus (hcv), and the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are transmitted to hemophiliacs by a high-purity factor viii concentrate in which the method of virus inactivation is pasteurization. | 1990 | 2112352 |
| prevalence of anti-hcv in patients on long-term hemodialysis. | the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients with long-term hemodialysis (hd) in japan was assessed using an ortho hcv antibody elisa test system. out of 51 patients, 48 of whom had a history of blood transfusions, 15 (29%) were positive for anti-hcv. this figure is much higher than that in other countries (1-20%), and the difference may reflect a select population. six (33%) of 18 hd patients with chronic hepatic disease were anti-hcv positive. on the other hand, the prevalen ... | 1990 | 2113144 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in risk groups in canada. | | 1990 | 2113437 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus genomes from patient's plasma using pcr method. | | 1990 | 2113500 |
| nucleotide sequences and subtypes of hepatitis c virus genomes. | | 1990 | 2113501 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody in a cohort of hemophilia patients. | one hundred thirty-one patients followed at the new england hemophilia center (worcester, ma) were tested for antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv). all but two had used factor concentrate that had not undergone viral inactivation; two patients had used only cryoprecipitate. the overall prevalence of hcv antibody positivity was 76.3%. there was no significant difference in age or the amount of non-heat-treated factor concentrate used between the group that was hcv antibody positive and negative. t ... | 1990 | 2114186 |
| [hepatitis virus c: from discovery to applications in public health]. | after 15 years of unsuccessful efforts, the most frequent of hepatitis non-a non-b viruses has just been identified and called hepatitis c virus (hcv). the viral genome had been sequenced by an original and direct molecular biology method before the agent could be detected serologically or at electron microscopy. hcv is a small, encapsulated rna virus, perhaps loosely related to flaviviruses. a non-structural protein, corresponding to the virus replication enzyme, is the specific component as ta ... | 1990 | 2115200 |
| [non-a non-b acute hepatitis]. | two distinct forms of non a non b viral hepatitis are now distinguished: (a) parenterally transmitted non a non b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis c virus, (b) enterically transmitted non a non b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis e virus. hepatitis c virus is an enveloped, 50 to 60 nm in diameter, single stranded rna virus. its transmission is essentially parenteral and resembles that of hepatitis b virus. individuals at risk are those in contact with blood products. sexual transmission is un ... | 1990 | 2115201 |
| [transmission of viruses (from a to e) and prevention]. | recent advances in epidemiology, virology and molecular biology have made it possible: 1) to isolate and characterize the hepatitis c and d viruses (and soon the virus of hepatitis e); 2) to develop vaccines against hepatitis a and recombinant vaccines against hepatitis b; and 3) to obtain a better understanding of the modes of transmission of the viruses and, consequently, to devise and offer an efficient prophylaxis. | 1990 | 2115202 |
| [acute viral hepatitis in children]. | in children with acute hepatitis the main concern is to identify the cause since prognosis and therefore management largely depend on the specific causative agent. since hav is the most frequent in children, it should be investigated first. if there are no igm anti-hav antibodies, hepatitis b should be investigated. the value of anti-hcv antibodies, during acute hepatitis is not clear. whatever the virus, severe evolution may occur, and symptoms of poor significance must be detected early. there ... | 1990 | 2115203 |
| hepatitis c virus in patients with cryoglobulinemia type ii. | | 1990 | 2115556 |
| hepatitis c virus: the major causative agent of viral non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a 'blind' recombinant immunoscreening approach, of general application to studies of infectious diseases, was used to clone and identify the genome of the previously uncharacterized non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb) virus. this agent is a positive-stranded rna virus that appears to be distantly related to the flaviviridae family. a recombinant viral antigen (c100-3) was used to develop a capture assay for circulating antibody. data obtained using this assay indicate that this agent, termed the hepat ... | 1990 | 2116212 |
| fulminant viral hepatitis. | in the united kingdom and united states of america, fulminant viral hepatitis is due mainly to sporadic (non-parenteral) non-a, non-b hepatitis and hepatitis b whereas that caused by hepatitis a virus is very uncommon and by the herpes viruses remains rare. recent advances in fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis have come with the identification and cloning of a virus (27-34 nm) in the enteral variety (hepatitis e) which is prevalent in the indian sub-continent, north africa and elsewhere, especiall ... | 1990 | 2116214 |
| transmission of hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 2116749 |
| early events in hepatitis c virus infection of chimpanzees. | the cytoplasmic antigen and ultrastructural changes we described previously for chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) or with hepatitis d virus have recently been shown to be indirect measures of viral replication and appear to represent a host response to the expression or action of interferon. the time of appearance of these changes in hepatocytes during hcv infection, when compared with similar changes in hepatitis d virus infection, suggests a very early replica ... | 1990 | 2117282 |
| is hepatitis c virus involved in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia? | to determine whether hepatitis c virus is involved in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. | 1990 | 2117412 |
| nucleotide sequence of core and envelope genes of the hepatitis c virus genome derived directly from human healthy carriers. | | 1990 | 2117749 |
| there are two major types of hepatitis c virus in japan. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect hepatitis c virus (hcv) in plasma from chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis patients. by choice of adequate primers, 19 of 24 samples (79%) were found positive. sequence analysis of amplified 400 bp cdna fragments encoding a portion of ns5 gene suggested that hcv can be classified into two types (named k1 and k2) in japan. slot blot hybridization of the fragments indicated that 13 were hcv-k1 and 6 were hcv-k2, which show 80% and 67% nucleotide se ... | 1990 | 2117923 |
| the new hepatitis virus: hepatitis c virus. | | 1990 | 2118223 |
| aids and hepatitis b and c: contamination risk at transurethral resection. a study using sodium fluorescein as a marker. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are all transmitted by minute amounts of infected blood. surgeons are at risk of contracting these infections by a number of routes including splashes of blood on to the mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth, needle stick injuries and spillage of blood on chapped ungloved hands. the endoscopic surgeon is quite unaware of nearly all instances of facial contamination because the splashes are frequently b ... | 1990 | 2118224 |
| does hepatitis c virus play a role in "non-viral" chronic liver disease? | it has recently been suggested that the hepatitis c virus may play a significant role in chronic liver diseases, such as autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, which are usually attributed to non-viral causes. we tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in sera from 140 patients with well characterised "non-viral" chronic liver diseases as well as sera from 51 patients thought to have chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis (acting as positive controls) and 25 patients with non-hepatic ... | 1990 | 2118225 |
| epidemiology and hepatitis c virus in victoria. | parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis virus or hepatitis c virus is a common cause of both acute and chronic hepatitis. using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we looked at the prevalence of antibodies to hepatis c virus (anti-hcv) in a number of groups. people with haemophilia (75.6%) and intravenous drug users (61.9%) had the highest prevalence, while homosexual men attending a sauna (34.1%) and prisoners (30.8%) had a moderately high prevalence of anti-hc ... | 1990 | 2118226 |
| hepatitis c virus in intravenous drug users. | sera from 172 intravenous drug users were tested for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). the results were analysed in relation to aspects of the history of drug use and evidence of liver disease. the presence of anti-hcv was strongly associated with duration of intravenous drug use. two-thirds of patients were anti-hcv seropositive within two years of commencing regular intravenous drug use, and there was 100% seropositivity among people injecting drugs for more than eigh ... | 1990 | 2118227 |
| hepatitis c virus in italian drug addicts. | | 1990 | 2118318 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in parasitic infections. | | 1990 | 2118319 |
| sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus: cohort study (1981-9) among european homosexual men. | to determine the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of positivity for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and the potential for sexual transmission of the virus. | 1990 | 2118402 |
| [incidence of anti-hcv and alt in blood donors]. | a study was carried out in 2,000 blood donors aimed to assess the incidence of anti-c hepatitis virus antibodies. of the total number of samples, 10 cases were found positive (0.5%), a figure lower than the national average. of these 10 cases, alt levels were high in 5 (0.2%). the potential risk of post-transfusion c hepatitis increases in accordance with the number of blood units transfused. this incidence of anti-c hepatitis virus antibodies is discussed with regard to previous findings in oth ... | 1990 | 2118686 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in italian blood donors. the italian cooperative group. | 11,117 blood donors from 24 blood transfusion services evenly distributed throughout the various italian regions were tested for the presence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies in the serum and serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) level. the results are as follows: (1) anti-hcv seroprevalence in italy was 0.87% with a difference between northern and southern regions (0.68 vs. 1.37%) and between younger and older subjects (0.62 vs. 1.21%); (2) prevalence of elevated alt levels was 4.74% withou ... | 1990 | 2118697 |
| is the response to recombinant alpha interferon related to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis? | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the response of serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) to recombinant alpha-interferon was related to the presence or absence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in patients with chronic non-a,non-b hepatitis. a group of 65 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis was studied. the source of contamination was blood transfusion or administration of blood products in 32, intravenous drug addiction in 14 and unknown in 19. the patients r ... | 1990 | 2118928 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia major. | seventeen of 73 (23.3%) multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia major (age range, 1-39 years) tested positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). eleven of the 24 patients regularly transfused in countries outside britain were anti-hcv seropositive; only six of the 49 regularly transfused in britain were seropositive. the incidence of anti-hbs and anti-hbc was similar to that of anti-hcv in both the british and foreign patients. the anti-hcv seropositive patients showed signific ... | 1990 | 2119395 |
| prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of hepatitis c virus infection among drug users in amsterdam. | the prevalence, risk factors, and incidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection were studied in a cohort of drug users in amsterdam. in intravenous drug users, the seroprevalence was 74% (224/304) versus 10% (4/42) in nonintravenous drug users. risk factors independently associated with hcv antibody seropositivity were history and duration of intravenous drug use and frequency of injections. daily smoking of heroin in the previous 6 months was independently associated with the absence of hcv an ... | 1990 | 2119400 |
| hepatitis c infection in two urban hemodialysis units. | we determined the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in 90 patients and 37 staff members of two hemodialysis units utilizing a recently developed anti-hcv recombinant based assay. eleven patients (12%) were anti-hcv(+). of these, eight (73%) had antibodies to the hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) indicating prior hepatitis b infection; one patient was hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)(+). all staff members were anti-hcv(-), although seven (19%) of them were anti-hbc ... | 1990 | 2119469 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in japanese blood donors and in hospital personnel. | | 1990 | 2119534 |
| viral hepatitis. the new abc's. | hepatitis may be caused by hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus (classic non-a non-b viral hepatitis), hepatitis d virus (delta agent), and hepatitis e virus (epidemic non-a non-b viral hepatitis). cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and herpes simplex virus may also occasionally cause hepatitis. some forms of hepatitis carry the risks of chronic infection, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. treatment options for viral hepatitis are limited and, in many cases, still unde ... | 1990 | 2120686 |