| [control of aedes aegypti in martinique. contribution of entomology studies]. | the dengue prevention activities in martinique are based on: entomological surveillance (including the use of insecticide in all parts of the island). epidemiological (clinical, serological and virological) surveillance. health education (radio, tv, exhibitions, talks in primaries and secondaries schools, in associations,...). the main breeding sites of aedes aegypti are maintained by human practices: flowers vases, containers, used tyres, waste... the role of those human practices in the standi ... | 1996 | 8924777 |
| [new epidemiological aspects of dengue]. | since the 1940s, the dengue epidemics occur more and more often in the pacific islands with an increased severity. for example, in new caledonia, outbreaks of dengue-like diseases have been reported since the end of the last century but the first epidemic due to an identified virus occurred in 1942-1943 and was caused by the den-1 type. the next, due to the den-2 type, was reported thirty years later, in 1972-1973. after that, three outbreaks burst between 1975 and 1990, caused successively by d ... | 1996 | 8924778 |
| [the situation of dengue in the world]. | the situation of dengue in the world can be summarized as follows: 2,5 billions persons at risk, 60 millions cases per year, and 30 000 deaths per year. the four dengue serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3 and den-4 are nearly human-specific. clinical symptoms of dengue vary from unapparent infection, mild febrile manifestations to hemorrhagic forms with or without shock syndrome. dengue viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, the most important vectors being aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. t ... | 1996 | 8924780 |
| [dengue in the americas]. | dengue fever is endemic from argentina to mexico, where serotypes 1, 2 and 4 are in wide circulation. after an absence of almost 20 years, serotype 3 arrived in central america in late 1994. over the past decade dengue has become a major public health problem in many of these countries, with an increase in the prevalence of dengue haemorrhagic fever and in the number of fatal cases. the situation is not new; there is evidence of a least eight pandemics from the early 19th century until the initi ... | 1996 | 8924781 |
| [dengue in french guiana. history and present status]. | the evolution of dengue in french guiana has the same trend as in most tropical american countries, with emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and endemicity of the disease. during the 1940's, several dengue-like outbreaks were reported from french guiana. then, the only dengue vector, aedes aegypti, was eradicated between 1950 and 1963, when it started to reinfest the country. by the end of the 1960's, new dengue epidemics with serological confirmation were described. after 1970, the firs ... | 1996 | 8924782 |
| dengue fever at the u.s.-mexico border, 1995-1996. | dengue is a mosquito-transmitted acute disease caused by any of four virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3 and den-4) and is characterized by acute manifestations that can include fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. on august 25, 1995, public health authorities in mexico notified the texas department of health (tdh) of an ongoing outbreak of dengue fever in the state of tamaulipas, which borders south texas. because of the year-round presence of the aedes aegypti mos ... | 1996 | 8927003 |
| disposable containers as larval habitats for aedes aegypti in a city with regular refuse collection: a study in marília, são paulo state, brazil. | in marília, brazil, refuse is collected at least every other day, yet non-useful, non-returnable containers such as cans, plastic bottles and tires account for almost half of the container habitats found positive for the aedes aegypti mosquito. a study was therefore conducted to investigate why these containers exist despite regular refuse collection and a high level of awareness of dengue prevention, and how the control program could most effectively respond. differing community perceptions as ... | 1996 | 8971274 |
| transovarial transmission of dengue 3 virus by aedes aegypti. | | 1996 | 9015501 |
| [detection of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in an urban zone of the municipality of catanduva, sp, after control of a dengue epidemic]. | after the realization of control research that had in view the transmission of dengue virus, we started to monitor two kinds of entomological vigilance, breteau index and ovitrap. we intended to evaluate the necessary time elapsed before aedes sp mosquitoes were again detected at the urban area of catanduva s town (sp). the ovitraps showed positiveness for the aedes aegypti two months after the control research, while the breteau index became positive only at the fourth month after the end of th ... | 1996 | 9026829 |
| dengue vector mosquitos at a tourist attraction, ko samui, in 1995. | on ko samui, thailand there were two epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) in 1966 and 1967, followed by endemics up to 1994. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were the vectors. from january to july 1995, 51 cases of dhf were reported, out of these were many foreigners who still suffer from dengue fever and return home with negative impression. we carried out an entomological survey around the island and collected the mosquitos to detect dengue virus by digoxigenin-cdna probe. the data re ... | 1996 | 9031420 |
| newsletters as a channel for communication in a community-based aedes aegypti control program in marília, brazil. | in marília, brazil, community newsletters were established in a pilot project on community-based aedes aegypti control. the newsletters were an excellent way of promoting communication between community members and project personnel. while people might not have attended a dengue meeting, they did turn up at meetings to plan the newsletters. during these meetings project staff obtained information about the communities that was crucial for planning a community-based recycling project that targete ... | 1996 | 9046485 |
| pupal survey: an epidemiologically significant surveillance method for aedes aegypti: an example using data from trinidad. | this report documents the results of a country-wide pupal survey of aedes aegypti (l.) conducted in trinidad. the survey was designed to identify the important ae. aegypti-producing containers, importance being a function of a container's abundance and its productivity. results are summarized on a country-wide basis and by county: urban versus rural comparisons are also made. numerically, the most common water-filled containers positive for the larvae or pupae of ae. aegypti (foci) were outdoor ... | 1997 | 9080874 |
| the 1993 epidemic of dengue fever in mangalore, karnataka state, india. | an epidemic of febrile illness with hemorrhagic manifestations occurred in certain parts of mangalore city, karnataka state, india, from the last week of july 1993. the epidemic reached its peak by mid-august and then started declining. sporadic cases, however, continued to occur till early december. about 200 cases were reported covering all age groups and both sexes. the cases presented with pyrexia, myalgia, arthralgia and headache. palatal petechiae, magenta colored tongue with central coati ... | 1995 | 9139379 |
| rapid and efficient removal of immature aedes aegypti in metal drums by sweep net and modified sweeping method. | a modified sweeping method was developed using a cotton sweep net for control of ae. aegypti immatures in 200 liter (44 gallon) metal drums which are major sources of breeding in yangon. laboratory experiments revealed that with only 4 sweeps (approximately 10 minutes duration), the mean % removal (+/- sd) of ae. aegypti fourth stage larvae was 88.5% +/- 1.47. this was followed by a field study undertaken in sanchaung township, yangon. twenty-eight drums with moderate (< 500 immatures) to high ( ... | 1995 | 9139390 |
| factors favoring houseplant container infestation with aedes aegypti larvae in marília, são paulo, brazil. | since reinvasion of são paulo state by the aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito in 1985, flower pots and vases have been important larval habitats despite educational messages focusing on their control. the objectives of this study were to characterize flower pots and vases as larval habitats with respect to the quantities present and infested, the types of plants involved, and the specific locations of the mosquito larvae; to explore local names for houseplants; and to examine factors affecting acceptan ... | 1997 | 9149524 |
| evaluation of caribbean strains of macrocyclops and mesocyclops (cyclopoida:cyclopidae) as biological control tools for the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | fifteen caribbean strains of copepods were assessed for their predation ability against mosquito larvae. macrocyclops albidus from nariva. mesocyclops aspericornis from oropouche, and mesocyclops longisetus from e1 socorro, trinidad, were most effective against aedes aegypti but not against culex quinquefasciatus. mesocyclops longisetus and me. aspericornis prevented any mosquito survival over 25 wk of observation despite weekly challenges with ae. aegypti. the copepods were tolerant to dosages ... | 1997 | 9152870 |
| failure of aedes aegypti to become infected by feeding on dengue virus-infected immuno-comprised nude mice. | | 1997 | 9199718 |
| [a description of aedes aegypti colonization in the region of são josé do rio preto, são paulo]. | the aim of this study is to describe the colonization by the aedes aegypti in the region. a survey carried out in 1985 detected the species in são josé do rio preto. the mosquito has spread and reached the 30 countries of the region till 1988. in the district and rural areas, the first vector focus was found out in 1987 in one of the 29 districts and rural areas, having spread to the others till 1991. the foci have been mainly identified through larval researches in locations with a great concen ... | 1997 | 9265223 |
| impact of dengue virus infection on feeding behavior of aedes aegypti. | in addition to heavily infecting the salivary glands of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes, dengue viruses produce a significant infection of the nervous system, involving the brain, johnston's organ, compound eye, and thoracic and abdominal ganglion. to determine if dengue infection affects feeding behavior of ae. aegypti we measured feeding times, counted the number of feeding delays or interruptions, and by in situ immunocytochemistry techniques determined the spatial and temporal distribution of ... | 1997 | 9288801 |
| activity of dengue-2 virus and prevalence of aedes aegypti in the chirimiri colliery area, madhya pradesh, india. | repeated outbreaks of a suspected viral fever in chirimiri colliery area, madhya pradesh were reported since 1990. the area consists of an agglomeration of sprawling settlements at varying altitudes of 816 to 890 m and it has partial sylvan cover. during a 1992 outbreak 25 patients' sera were tested, of which 13 showed seropositivity to dengue (den) by mac-elisa test; den-2 was isolated from aedes aegypti collected from two of the eight settlements of the area. the principal vector, ae. aegypti, ... | 1997 | 9322295 |
| detection of dengue virus from field aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus adults and larvae. | mosquito adults and larvae were collected from dengue high risk areas and transported to the laboratory for identification. identified mosquitos were pooled according to the species, date and locality and stored at -70 degrees c. a total of 1,385 pools of aedes albopictus and 267 pools of ae. aegypti were collected from major towns in 12 states in peninsular malaysia. virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (c6/36 clone) of ae. albopictus and detection of dengue virus by the peroxidas ... | 1997 | 9322296 |
| does transovarial transmission of dengue virus occur in malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | | 1997 | 9322311 |
| dengue infection in paracambi, state of rio de janeiro, 1990-1995. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out during 1994 in the municipality of paracambi, state of rio de janeiro. haemagglutination inhibition test positivity was detected in 145 out of 370 (39.2%) schoolchildren. the frequency of positive test by sex was 53.8% (78/145) female and 46.2% (67/145) male. distribution by age showed the increasing of antibody positivity in older children. strains of dengue virus type 1 and dengue virus type 2 were isolated before (1990) showing the co-circulation o ... | 1997 | 9322424 |
| [reflection on 2 current viral diseases: yellow fever and dengue]. | yellow fever and dengue are two current viral diseases induced by flaviviruses and usually transmitted by the same mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. from 1987 to 1991, 18,753 cases of yellow fever, mainly from africa, have been notified to who, leading to 4,522 deaths. on the other hand, who estimates that 2.5 billions individuals living in tropical areas are at risk to contract dengue fevers. in fact, 500,000 patients are hospitalized each year for dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome a ... | 1997 | 9347008 |
| impact of dengue virus infection and its control. | dengue virus infection has been counted among emerging and re-emerging diseases because of (1) the increasing number of patients, (2) the expansion of epidemic areas, and (3) the appearance of severe clinical manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf)/dengue shock syndrome (dss), which is often fatal if not properly treated. in the meantime, there are no effective dengue control measures: a dengue vaccine is still under development and vector control does not provide a long-lasting effect. ... | 1997 | 9348165 |
| chikungunya in thailand: a re-emerging disease? | the first reported case of chikungunya virus diagnosed by serology in thailand was in 1960 and the last one was in 1991. the disease surveillance system does not specifically include chikungunya cases and the signs and symptoms are similar to these of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (df/dhf), rubella, and fever of unknown origin (fuo); thus cases might often be reported under those diagnoses. during the rainy season of 1995 (jun-aug), there were at least 2 reported chikungunya outbreaks wh ... | 1997 | 9444021 |
| global situation of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, and its emergence in the americas. | about two-thirds of the world's population live in areas infested with dengue vectors, mainly aedes aegypti. all four dengue viruses are circulating, sometimes simultaneously, in most of these areas. it is estimated that up to 80 million persons become infected annually although marked underreporting results in the notification of much smaller figures. currently dengue is endemic in all continents except europe and epidemic dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) occurs in asia, the americas and some pa ... | 1997 | 9477544 |
| dengue--a re-emerging infectious disease in singapore. | despite its well-established integrated nationwide aedes mosquito control programme which incorporates source reduction, public health education and law enforcement, singapore has not been spared from the regional resurgence of dengue. the disease incidence has been increasing from 9.3 per 100,000 in 1988 to 102.7 per 100,000 in 1996 at the time when the aedes house index (hi) has dropped to around 1% from > 25% in the 1960s. majority of the cases reported from 1990 to 1996 were dengue fever (df ... | 1997 | 9494676 |
| [atypical activity rhythm in aedes aegypti in a sub-sudanian savannah zone of côte d'ivoire]. | ae. aegypti is vector of many arboviruses of medical and/or economical importance. it transmits the yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya viruses. small water collections constitute its potential breeding sites. three different populations of ae. aegypti are known in africa: a selvatic population breeding in tree holes and rock holes, a population breeding in discarded containers in peri-domestic area and a third population which breeds in drinking water containers and various receptacles inside ... | 1997 | 9507772 |
| survey of cyclopids (crustacea, copepoda) in brazil and preliminary screening of their potential as dengue vector predators. | cyclopid copepods are known to be good mosquito controllers, specially as regards the larvae of the dengue vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. | 1997 | 9515258 |
| stable transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, with the hermes element from the housefly. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the world's most important vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. work is currently in progress to control the transmission of these viruses by genetically altering the capacity of wild ae. aegypti populations to support virus replication. the germ-line transformation system reported here constitutes a major advance toward the implementation of this control strategy. a modified hermes transposon carrying a 4.7-kb fragment of genomic dna that includes a wild-type ... | 1998 | 9520437 |
| two contiguous outbreaks of dengue type 2 in north queensland. | to investigate two outbreaks of dengue type 2 in north queensland, one in the torres strait beginning in late 1996, the other in a cairns suburb in early 1997. | 1998 | 9539900 |
| ultrastructural studies on the reproductive system of male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) infected with dengue 2 virus. | dengue 2 virus was found by transmission electron microscopy to be present in the reproductive tissues of male aedes aegypti (l) 14 d after intrathoracic inoculation. dengue 2 particles were detected in the matrix, epithelial cells, and the peripheral fat body of the testes; secretory droplets of columnar cells of the accessory glands; and the epithelial and muscle cells of the seminal vesicles. however, none was found in the germ cells (i.e., spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatid, or spermato ... | 1998 | 9542348 |
| effect of size and geographic origin of aedes aegypti on oral infection with dengue-2 virus. | differences in larval habitats cause variation in the size of aedes aegypti (l.) adults. we suspected that such size variation was related to the ease with which the mosquitoes could be infected with dengue virus. using a rearing procedure that produced three distinct size classes of mosquitoes, we determined the percentage of mosquitoes that developed disseminated dengue-2 infection following oral feeding with a suspension containing 3.3 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml. mosquitoes were reared f ... | 1998 | 9546404 |
| effect of sublethal dosages of malathion on the oral susceptibility of aedes aegypti to dengue-2 virus infection. | | 1997 | 9561626 |
| monitoring of dengue viruses in field-caught aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes by a type-specific polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing. | virologic surveillance for dengue through the detection of the prevalent serotype(s) circulating in the human population during inter- and intra-epidemic periods constitutes a reliable sentinel system for dengue outbreaks. we have applied a rapid and sensitive, semi-nested, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay using nonstructural protein 3 gene primers for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in artificially infected and in field-caught adult aedes mosquitoes. ... | 1998 | 9598444 |
| engineered resistance in aedes aegypti to a west african and a south american strain of yellow fever virus. | double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses were engineered to transduce mosquito cells with antisense rna derived either from the premembrane (prm) or polymerase (ns5) coding regions of the 17d vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (yfv). aedes albopictus c6/36 cells were infected at high multiplicities of infection (moi) with each dssin virus. forty-eight hours later, the transduced cells were challenged with an moi of 0.1 of the asibi strain of yfv. at 72-hr postchallenge, the cells were assayed ... | 1998 | 9598458 |
| breeding habitats of aedes aegypti (l) and aedes. albopictus (skuse) in villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia. | the breeding habitats of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, were studied using larval collection method inside and outside houses in 6 villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia from july 1994 to august 1995. aedes aegypti was the dominant species, being abundant indoors especially in the coastal areas. aedes albopictus was breeding primarily in outdoor containers in the hill and mountain areas. earthen jar was the most common breeding habitat of aedes aegypti in all villag ... | 1997 | 9656413 |
| a comparison of surveillance systems for the dengue vector aedes aegypti in port of spain, trinidad. | when the currently used larval surveillance system (visual inspection) for the dengue vector aedes aegypti was compared with the surveillance for the presence of eggs by ovitrapping in port of spain, trinidad, it was found that the latter (39.1%) was significantly more sensitive than the visual inspection system (10.1%). at the same time, the presence of the nuisance mosquito culex quinquefasciatus was detected in 38.4% of the households. both ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus showed preferen ... | 1998 | 9673912 |
| field evaluation of cyfluthrin and malathion 96 tg ulv spraying at high-rise flats on dengue vectors in malaysia. | cyfluthrin (solfac ulo15) and malathion 96 tg were evaluated against sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti at high-rise flats in malaysia by ulv spraying. the impact of both insecticides on field populations of aedes spp. (ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus) larvae were monitored weekly using containers. both cyfluthrin and malathion 96 tg showed adulticidal effects but cyfluthrin showed more significant larvicidal effect than malathion 96 tg (p < 0.05). | 1998 | 9673932 |
| [dengue in panama, 1993]. | up to 1993, panama was the only country in central america where the autochthonous transmission of dengue virus had been detected without experimenting an explosive epidemic despite being reinfected with the aedes aegypti mosquito since 1985. the characteristics of this first outbreak reported on november 19, 1993, are described in this paper. it is shown that even when there is a program for the surveillance and control of dengue, which considers low levels of aedes aegypti infection and a syst ... | 1997 | 9685969 |
| dengue control in ribeirão preto, são paulo, brazil. | following an epidemic of type i dengue in late 1990, the municipality of ribeirão preto (state of são paulo, brazil) assumed direct responsibility for the control of aedes aegypti larvae. control activities are presented in this report and are based on popular participation in environmental management. massive use of the communications media, participation by schoolchildren, constant contact with the population, and integration of various public agencies are the program's priorities. although th ... | 1998 | 9700231 |
| predation on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) by theridion rufipes (araneae: theridiidae) in puerto rico. | theridion rufipes lucas was found in rearing cages of aedes aegypti (l.) in the school of medicine, san juan, pr. from the 1970s to the 1990s, the spiders had a continuous existence in the cages and in the room outside the cages. a single spider eventually could eliminate all the mosquitoes in a cage. the behavior of the mosquitoes in the web was observed by isolating spiders individually in glass or plastic flasks. when a mosquito comes in contact with the beads of sticky silk on the web, it is ... | 1998 | 9701953 |
| development of an indicator to evaluate the impact, on a community-based aedes aegypti control intervention, of improved cleaning of water-storage containers by householders. | householders in a community-based programme to control dengue in el progreso, honduras, are being encouraged to improve the cleaning of the water-storage containers in which many of the vectors thrive. the objective of the present study was to develop an indicator of the change occurring in human behaviour. traditional aedes aegypti larval indices do not differentiate between containers in which all the immature stages are present and those which hold only first- and second-instar larvae. howeve ... | 1998 | 9713548 |
| determination of dengue virus serotypes in individual aedes aegypti mosquitoes in colombia. | adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected in puerto triunfo, central colombia, where dengue is endemic, during a six month period. viral infection within the head of each individual mosquito was identified by an immunofluorescent assay (ifa) using a flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibody. the dengue virus serotype, present in each flavivirus-positive specimen, was then determined in portions of the remaining thorax using ifas with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. among 2065 female a ... | 1998 | 9737600 |
| thanaka (limonia acidissima) and deet (di-methyl benzamide) mixture as a mosquito repellent for use by karen women. | the prevention and treatment of drug-resistant malaria is becoming increasingly difficult. on the thai-myanmar border multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria are increasing and, because the malaria vector anopheles bite outdoors during early evening, insecticide house-spraying or impregnated bednets provide only limited protection. therefore, the protective efficacy of repellent formulations containing di-methyl benzamide (deet) and permethrin against local vectors was estimated, when ... | 1998 | 9737602 |
| distribution of potential dengue vectors in major townships along the national highways and trunk roads of northeast india. | surveys were conducted in some townships along the national highways and trunk roads of northeast india to detect breeding of aedes mosquitos in used/waste tire dumps piled outdoors by the tire repairing shops during summer season of 1996-1997. the breeding of both the potential vectors of dengue, viz. aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus were detected, prevalence rate being in the range of 30.0-88.0 (ci = container index value). the preponderance of ae. aegypti was considerably much higher than tha ... | 1998 | 9740295 |
| life table study of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico fed only human blood versus blood plus sugar. | life table studies were performed in 1996 with aedes aegypti (l.) during the low (cool/dry) and high (hot/rainy) dengue virus transmission seasons in puerto rico. mated adult females from field-collected pupae were placed individually in cages and divided into 2 treatment groups: one was fed only human blood and the other human blood plus a 10% sucrose solution. survival and number of eggs laid were recorded daily for each female. during both seasons, age specific survivorship was higher for the ... | 1998 | 9775613 |
| eradication of aedes aegypti from a village in vietnam, using copepods and community participation. | in northern vietnam, copepods of the genus mesocyclops were used for biological control of aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue viruses, by inoculation into wells, large cement tanks, ceramic jars, and other domestic containers that served as ae. aegypti breeding sites. the use of mesocyclops was complemented by community participation with respect to recycling to eliminate unused and discarded containers that collected rainwater and provided ae. aegypti breeding sites that could not be ... | 1998 | 9790448 |
| an experimental study on the detection of fructose in aedes aegypti. | male and female aedes aegypti fed a 10% sucrose solution and/or blood were tested to determine the duration of fructose detection in their bodies and the volume of sugar solution they ingested. the limit of detection of fructose by the cold anthrone test was investigated in a series of experiments. results were applied to the interpretation of sugar feeding by ae. aegypti collected inside houses in puerto rico during times of low (cool season) and high (hot season) dengue transmission in 1996. w ... | 1998 | 9813818 |
| dengue: a literature review and case study of travelers from the united states, 1986-1994. | dengue fever is an acute, mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterized by fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. infections are caused by any of four virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the incidence of dengue is increasing in most tropical areas throughout the world (fig. 1). although dengue is not endemic in the continental united states, hawaii, or alaska, more than 500 laboratory-positive cases of introduced dengue were reported from 1977 through ... | 1997 | 9815484 |
| dengue outbreak associated with multiple serotypes--puerto rico, 1998. | dengue is an acute viral disease caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the principal mosquito vector is aedes aegypti, which has a worldwide distribution in tropical and many subtropical areas. all four virus serotypes produce a similar illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, nausea and vomiting and induce life-long immunity that is specific to the infecting serotype. a small proportion of infected persons may develop th ... | 1998 | 9832472 |
| putative dengue virus receptors from mosquito cells. | dengue viruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded rna viruses. aëdes aegypti and aëdes albopictus are the principal vectors. in order to understand the molecular basis of dengue virus infections we explored the biochemical identity of dengue-2 (den-2) virus receptors in the aëdes albopictus-derived cell line c6/36. we show here that den-2 interacts with two major polypeptides of 80 and 67 kda. polyclonal anti-c6/36 membrane antibodies block den-2 binding to intact c6/36 monolayers as well as t ... | 1998 | 9835036 |
| determinants of dengue 2 infection among residents of charters towers, queensland, australia. | dengue fever is caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus and is transmitted by the urban mosquito aedes aegypti. in 1993, the city of charters towers in the tropical north of australia experienced an epidemic caused by the dengue 2 virus. a cross-sectional sample of 1,000 people was assessed for determinants of recent symptomatic dengue infection. after exclusion of people with prior exposure to dengue 2, a study group of 797 persons, including 196 patients with recent infection, ... | 1998 | 9850134 |
| the effect of temperature and humidity on dengue virus propagation in aedes aegypti mosquitos. | the effect of temperature and relative humidity on dengue virus propagation in the mosquito as one of the possible contributing factors to dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) outbreaks was studied. ae. aegypti mosquitos were reared under standard conditions and inoculated intrathoracically with dengue virus. virus propagation in the mosquitos was determined at the temperature and relative humidity of all 3 seasons of yangon and for the simulated temperature and relative humidity of singapore. the vir ... | 1998 | 9886113 |
| quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in aedes aegypti. | a quantitative genetic study of the ability of aedes aegypti to propagate dengue-2 (den-2) virus in the midgut and in a disseminated infection in the head was conducted with a standard half-sib breeding design. aedes aegypti aegypti and a. aegypti formosus differ markedly in oral susceptibility to den-2 virus. mosquitoes were orally infected and, after an extrinsic incubation period of 14 days, virus titer (by tissue culture infectious dose, 50% endpoint) was determined in the midgut (mt) and he ... | 1998 | 9886207 |
| pictorial key to the common indian species of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | the paper provides a simple pictorial key to differentiate common stegomyia species found in urban areas. this key will help medical officers and paramedical staff in demarcating the areas of influence of aedes aegypti within a dengue surveillance area. | 1998 | 9914681 |
| variation in oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus of populations of aedes aegypti from the islands of tahiti and moorea, french polynesia. | twenty three samples of aedes aegypti populations from the islands of tahiti and moorea (french polynesia) were tested for their oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. the high infection rates obtained suggest that the artificial feeding protocol used was more efficient than those previously described. statistical analysis of the results allowed us to define two distinct geographic areas on tahiti with respect to the susceptibility of ae. aegypti: the east coast, with homogeneous infection ... | 1999 | 10072154 |
| replication of dengue type 2 virus in culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | we were able to infect culex quinquefasciatus by the parenteral route with dengue virus type 2. the percentage of mosquitoes infected was dose dependent and we obtained a rate of 45.6% infected cx. quinquefasciatus when a 10(5.9) mid50 (mosquito infectious dose for 50% of the individuals as measured in aedes aegypti) of dengue virus type 2 per mosquito was used. infection was detected by an immunofluorescent assay performed on mosquito head squashes 14 days after infection. the replication of de ... | 1999 | 10072159 |
| survival of starved aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico and thailand. | survival of adult aedes aegypti (l.) was studied in thailand (1995) and puerto rico (1996) during periods of high and low dengue virus transmission. resting males and females were collected inside houses by aspiration. females were separated into different cages by their degree of engorgement and ovarian development. teneral adults were obtained from pupae collected from natural breeding sites. all mosquitoes were given access to water, held at ambient temperature in the shade, and their surviva ... | 1999 | 10337096 |
| reinvasion of calcutta city by aedes albopictus: the proven vector of dengue in suburban areas. | dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti in cities and a. albopictus in suburban and rural areas. dengue outbreaks occur almost regularly and sometimes reach epidemic proportions in cities and towns. dengue endemicity in calcutta was established for the first time in 1960, then re-established by another serosurvey in 1966. an outbreak of dengue was recently reported in the bankura district of the city, where it has not previously been reported. with the literatur ... | 1998 | 10389503 |
| [epidemiology of dengue and hemorrhagic dengue in santiago, cuba 1997]. | a dengue epidemic that cuba reported in 1997 registered more than 500,000 cases of dengue fever produced by viral serotype 1. in 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever produced by serotype 2 of the virus. this time 344,203 clinical cases were reported, 10,312 of which were severe cases of hemorrhagic fever that led to 158 fatalities (101 of them among children). the reintroduction of dengue, and specifically of dengue viral serotype 2 (jamaica genotype), was quickly detected in ... | 1999 | 10446511 |
| dengue reemergence in argentina. | aedes aegypti, eradicated from argentina in 1963, has now reinfested the country as far south as buenos aires. in 1997, four persons with travel histories to brazil, ecuador, or venezuela had confirmed dengue, and surveillance for indigenous transmission allowed the detection of 19 dengue cases in salta province. these cases of dengue are the first in argentina since 1916 and represent a new southern extension of dengue virus. | 1999 | 10460181 |
| vector competence of aedes notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae) for barmah forest virus and of this species and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for dengue 1-4 viruses in queensland, australia. | aedes notoscriptus (skuse) mosquitoes colonized from brisbane, queensland, australia, were fed on blood suspensions containing either barmah forest (bf) virus, dengue virus type 1 (den-1), dengue virus type 2 (den-2), dengue virus type 3 (den-3), or dengue virus type 4 (den-4). ae. notoscriptus was shown to be moderately susceptible to oral infection with bf virus, id50 = 10(3.3) ccid50 per mosquito, with titers in infected mosquitoes peaking 10 d after infection. bf virus transmission occurred ... | 1999 | 10467781 |
| [an evaluation of municipal actions in the control of dengue vectors in the region of são josé do rio prêto, são paulo, 1989 to 1995]. | the aim of this study was to determine the coverage of municipal activities in terms of the control of aedes aegypti and/or aedes albopictus by routine house-to-house visits and by emergency activity, carried out between 1989 and 1995 in the area of são josé do rio prêto, são paulo state, and to evaluate the cross-correlation between them and the breteau index (bi). for towns with up to 50,000 real estate properties, the joint coverage by routine and emergency activities was mostly appropriate a ... | 1999 | 10495663 |
| [the factors associated with the occurrence of immature forms of aedes aegypti in ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, brazil]. | aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue, a disease that can result in epidemics. ecological studies are important because different geographical populations of the vector may differ in their bioecological characteristics, which can be helpful in guiding control actions. the objective of this study was to identify and to analyze some factors associated with the occurrence of immature forms of a. aegypti on ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, using data from the national health foundation (fns). the ... | 1999 | 10495666 |
| [distribution of aedes aegypti and dengue in the state of maranhão, brazil]. | dengue and aedes aegypti are widespread in the state of maranhão. during 1995, 87 of the 136 of the state's counties, including 176 towns and 480,687 households, were studied, of which 30 counties (34. 4%), 118 towns (67.0%) and 10,357 households (2.1%) were positive for aedes aegypti. the positive counties are distributed as follow: 3 on são luís island, 7 in the amazonia of maranhão, 12 in the southern zone of the cerrados or savannas, and 5 in the mixed forest/savanna/palm grove zone. one pos ... | 1999 | 10502143 |
| dynamics of susceptibility and transmissibility of the live, attenuated, candidate vaccines dengue-1 pdk13, dengue-3 pgmk30f3, and dengue-4 pdk48 after oral infection in aedes aegypti. | dengue-1 virus pdk13 and isolates from vaccinees (dengue-1 ib1 and dengue-1 ib 10), dengue-3 pgmk30f3, and dengue-4 pdk48 were studied for their abilities to infect, disseminate, and replicate in aedes aegypti mosquitoes by the oral route. in general, infection and dissemination rates were poorer for the vaccine compared with the parent viruses. the transmissibility was also lower for dengue-1 pdk13 than the parent virus, whereas it was not detected for isolates from vaccinees and dengue-3 pgmk3 ... | 1999 | 10548309 |
| [genetic control of vectorial competence in aedes mosquitoes]. | the transmission of pathogens by arthropods is dependent on the relationships that exist between the pathogen, the invertebrate host (the vector) and the vertebrate host, each of which is influenced by environmental variations. particular attention is given to the knowledge of intrinsic factors and the mechanisms controlling the ability of vectors to transmit pathogens (viruses or parasites). polymorphism in the expression of susceptibility to oral infection has been shown to occur among geograp ... | 1999 | 10572663 |
| aedes albopictus from albania: a potential vector of dengue viruses. | aedes albopictus collected in durazzo, the main port of albania, were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus and their infection rates were compared to those of an aedes aegypti strain (paea) and another strain of ae. albopictus (tananarive). infection rates for the albanian ae. albopictus were dose dependent, ranging from 38.9 +/- 13.6% to 85.1% with the titer of the meal increasing from 10 x 8.1 to 10 x 9.1 50% mosquito infectious doses (mid50)/ml. the percentage of infected fem ... | 1999 | 10612611 |
| short report: microsatellite sequences as markers for population genetic studies of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses. | we report the isolation of microsatellites from an enriched library of genomic repeated sequences, using a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic particles. four microsatellites were obtained from a partial library of 120 recombinant clones. this more efficient and rapid method to obtain these specific repeated sequences is preferred to the conventional isolation procedure based on the construction of a genomic library. microsatellite markers would be promising mole ... | 1999 | 10674685 |
| a case of dengue from pune, india. | dengue is an acute infectious disease, caused by a single stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) virus of the family of flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, transmitted by aedes mosquitos, the most important vectors being aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. there are four serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3, den-4 that are nearly human specific. the geographical distribution of dengue is pantropical, except for madagascar and some african regions. it is endemo-epidemic in tropical and subtropical countries inclu ... | 2000 | 10689245 |
| [oral receptivity of aedes aegypti formosus from franceville (gabon, central africa) for type 2 dengue virus]. | dengue is widely distributed in the tropics but epidemic activity was rarely reported in africa before the 1980's. in the past 15 years, increased epidemic dengue fever has been reported both in east and west africa, raising concern about the ability of local populations of aedes aegypti to transmit dengue viruses. ae. aegypti is present in two forms in africa: ae. aegypti aegypti and ae. aegypti formosus. this latter form, much darker, was not originally a local species but is now colonizing ar ... | 1999 | 10690473 |
| evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. | endemic/epidemic dengue viruses (den) that are transmitted among humans by the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are hypothesized to have evolved from sylvatic den strains that are transmitted among nonhuman primates in west africa and malaysia by other aedes mosquitoes. we tested this hypothesis with phylogenetic studies using envelope protein gene sequences of both endemic/epidemic and sylvatic strains. the basal position of sylvatic lineages of den-1, -2, and -4 suggested th ... | 2000 | 10708439 |
| aedes aegypti in ho chi minh city (viet nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation. | aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue viruses, responsible for a viral infection that has become a major public health concern in asia. in viet nam, dengue haemorrhagic fever was first detected in the 1960s and is now a leading cause of death in childhood. we studied the variability in competence of ae. aegypti as a vector for dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation in this mosquito species. twenty mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho chi minh city were subjected to oral infecti ... | 1999 | 10717737 |
| effects of temperature and larval diet on development rates and survival of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in north queensland, australia. | immature development times, survival rates and adult size (wing-lengths) of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) were studied in the laboratory at temperatures of 10-40 degrees c. the duration of development from egg eclosion (hatching of the first instar) to adult was inversely related to temperature, ranging from 7.2 +/- 0.2 days at 35 degrees c to 39.7 +/- 2.3 days at 15 degrees c. the minimum temperature threshold for development (t) was determined as 8.3 +/- 3.6 degrees c an ... | 2000 | 10759309 |
| the use of direct sequencing of dengue virus cdna from individual field-collected aedes aegypti for surveillance and epidemiological studies. | the relative efficiencies of four methods to extract viral rna from individual dengue-2 virus (d-2v)-infected mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), were compared. the most efficient of these methods was then used to extract viral rna for the preparation of cdna from the abdomens of six engorged d-2v-infected mosquitoes and sera from three dengue fever (df) patients collected in an isolated rural town in colombia. comparisons of viral envelope (e) gene sequences from each of these ... | 2000 | 10759317 |
| national progress in dengue vector control in vietnam: survey for mesocyclops (copepoda), micronecta (corixidae), and fish as biological control agents. | this paper describes the process of expanding a successful dengue control program in 3 provinces in northern vietnam into a national one and demonstrates the presence of a rich, low-cost resource that could have similar applicability to other countries in the region. the cornerstone of the preventive strategy is larval control of aedes aegypti (l.), the major vector, using predators such as copepods, mesocyclops spp., aided by the corixid bug micronecta quadristrigata bredd, and fish in large wa ... | 2000 | 10761718 |
| transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts. | the expense and ineffectiveness of drift-based insecticide aerosols to control dengue epidemics has led to suppression strategies based on eliminating larval breeding sites. with the notable but short-lived exceptions of cuba and singapore, these source reduction efforts have met with little documented success; failure has chiefly been attributed to inadequate participation of the communities involved. the present work attempts to estimate transmission thresholds for dengue based on an easily-de ... | 2000 | 10761719 |
| aedes aegypti in tahiti and moorea (french polynesia): isoenzyme differentiation in the mosquito population according to human population density. | genetic differences at five polymorphic isoenzyme loci were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis for 28 aedes aegypti samples. considerable (i.e., high fst values) and significant (i.e., p values >10(-4)) geographic differences were found. differences in ae. aegypti genetic structure were related to human population densities and to particularities in mosquito ecotopes in both tahiti and moorea islands. in highly urbanized areas (i.e., the papeete agglomeration), mosquitoes were highly structu ... | 2000 | 10813476 |
| [a dengue epidemic in ipupiara and prado, bahia. a seroepidemiologic survey]. | serologic studies in brazil have indicated a 25% to 56% prevalence of dengue virus infections. however, these studies were carried out in populations of middle-sized and larger cities. the present study describes two epidemics of classic dengue fever in two small cities in the state of bahia. the first occurred in 1987, in ipupiara and was caused by dengue serotype-1 (den-1), the second occurred in 1995, in prado and was caused by dengue serotype-2 (den-2). the laboratory diagnosis was made by t ... | 2000 | 10881120 |
| first isolation of dengue 1 virus from aedes aegypti in federal district, brazil. | dengue is present in the federal district since 1991 and virological studies of the vector began in 1998. two strains of den1 were isolated from 9 pools of female aedes aegypti (78 mosq.), collected in april in gama county, where the breteau index was 5.4, and 32 autochtonous human cases were notified. | 2000 | 10881127 |
| [levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of aedes aegypti of santiago de cuba]. | as a result of the most recent dengue outbreak in santiago de cuba province, a strain of this vector was studied to determine the levels of sensitivity and/or resistance to organophosphate and pyrethoid insecticides. the results of bioassays showed low levels of resistance to fention, malathion and deltametrine, moderate levels of resistance to temephos, metyl-pirimifos and cipermetrine and high levels of resistance to chlorpirifios. according to the results obtained from the use of s.s.s. phosp ... | 1999 | 10887565 |
| [development of immunizing agents against dengue]. | the four serotypes of dengue flaviviruses are transmitted mainly by the aedes aegypti mosquito, and some epidemics have been attributed to ae. albopictus, ae. polynesiensis, and various species of the ae. scutellaris complex. the risk factors involved in dengue mortality and morbidity are related to the human host (genetic characteristics of infected persons; lifestyles, immune status, and health conditions of people; basic sanitation of dwellings; and water supply) and to the virus (genetic var ... | 2000 | 10893968 |
| integrated control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in liu-chiu village, ping-tung county, taiwan. | because of an inadequate supply of potable water, villagers of small liu-chiu isle, ping-tung county, taiwan, store water in containers supporting a large population of aedes aegypti. in 1989-96, integrated control measures against ae. aegypti were implemented on the basis of community participation. these measures included release of mosquito larvivorous fish in the drinking water storage facilities, application of larvicides to the water storage facilities in vegetable gardens, removal of disc ... | 2000 | 10901632 |
| people's knowledge and practice about dengue, its vectors, and control means in brasilia (df), brazil: its relevance with entomological factors. | in south america, the epidemiology and ecology of dengue fever are strongly associated with human habits because the vector aedes aegypti is strictly urban. thus, the evaluation of people's knowledge and practice (pkp) is of great importance to improve integrated control measures. a pkp evaluation has been done in a suburb of brasilia. thirty questions were submitted to 130 habitants about income level, education, sources of information, specific knowledge about dengue, vector biology, and contr ... | 2000 | 10901634 |
| comments on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and control of dengue. | dengue is currently the most important viral disease transmitted to man by arthropods, whether measured by the number of cases or number of deaths. prevalence of the disease is highest in tropical asia, intermediate in tropical america, and lowest in tropical africa. four distinct dengue viruses have been identified. types 2 and 3 appear to be more pathogenic on the average than types 1 and 4, but all four can cause severe or fatal dengue syndromes. infection with any of the four viruses confers ... | 1999 | 10901853 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based forensic dna profiling for use in identification of human blood meal sources of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | we modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based forensic dna profiling for field studies on the feeding behavior of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue virus. human dna was extracted from oral swabs of human subjects and from blood-engorged mosquitoes, dna was quantified by slot blot, and alleles at variable number tandem repeats and three short tandem repeats loci were amplified by pcr. alleles were separated electrophoretically and then visualized by silver staining. a cus ... | 2000 | 10916289 |
| behavior of resting aedes aegypti (culicidae: diptera) and its relation to ultra-low volume adulticide efficacy in panama city, panama. | the resting behavior of aedes aegypti (l.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of panama city, panama, in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ulv) applications of malathion. adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance > 6 m from the street (86.4%). both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. the small ulv aerosol droplets (2-4 microns) penetrated all indoor resting sites of ae. aegypti, but in low amounts. because of the low amount of insecticide ... | 2000 | 10916294 |
| failure of dengue-2 virus antibody to interfere with the isolation of dengue-2 virus from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | when isolating dengue virus (den) from mosquitoes collected in endemic areas, pools may contain both anti-dengue antibodies from freshly engorged females and virus from den infected females. to determine if these antibodies may interfere with virus isolation, we simulated the isolation procedure using aedes aegypti (l.) that we infected with the 16,681 strain of dengue type 2 virus by intrathoracic inoculation. at 7 d postinfection, we allowed females to engorge on immunized or normal mouse bloo ... | 2000 | 10916310 |
| field evaluation of deltamethrin/s-bioallethrin/piperonyl butoxide and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in malaysia. | deltacide (s-bioallethrin 0.71% w/v, deltamethrin 0.5% w/v, piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v excipients to 100% w/v) and solfac ul 015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti at 17 storey high-rise apartments in malaysia using ulv applications. the impact of both insecticides on field populations of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. both deltacide and solfac ul 015 showed adulti ... | 2000 | 10925801 |
| quantitative trait loci that control vector competence for dengue-2 virus in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting the ability of the mosquito aedes aegypti to become infected with dengue-2 virus were mapped in an f(1) intercross. dengue-susceptible a. aegypti aegypti were crossed with dengue refractory a. aegypti formosus. f(2) offspring were analyzed for midgut infection and escape barriers. in p(1) and f(1) parents and in 207 f(2) individuals, regions of 14 cdna loci were analyzed with single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to identify and orient linkage g ... | 2000 | 11014816 |
| atmospheric control of aedes aegypti populations in buenos aires (argentina) and its variability. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the main urban vector responsible for the transmission of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. the city of buenos aires, argentina, is located at the southern end of the world distribution of the species. the population abundance of ae. aegypti is mainly regulated by environmental factors. we calculated the potential number of times that a female could lay eggs during its mean life expectancy, based on potential egg production and daily meteorological records. ... | 2000 | 11049004 |
| silent spread of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever to coimbatore and erode districts in tamil nadu, india, 1998: need for effective surveillance to monitor and control the disease. | dengue fever (df) or dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) has not previously been reported in coimbatore and erode districts in tamil nadu in india. in 1998, 20 hospitalized cases of fever tested positive for dengue virus igm and/or igg antibodies. all of them had dengue-compatible illness, and at least four had dhf. two of them died. sixteen cases were below 10 years of age. the cases were scattered in 15 distantly located villages and 5 urban localities that had a high aedes aegypti population. alt ... | 2000 | 11057977 |
| [entomological surveillance over aedes (s) aegypti and other culicids in ciudad de la habana, cuba 1991-1996]. | the results of the entomologic surveillance carried out from 1991 to 1996 in boyeros municipality, city of havana within the program for eradication of aedes aegypti were analyzed. data on mosquitoes fauna collected in the municipality by various sampling methods, larval survey, human bait, capture at rest and larval traps. culex quinquefasciatus, aedes mediovittatus and aedes aegypti species were the most found by the different methods. it was proved that water tanks, man-made deposits, other k ... | 2000 | 11107908 |
| epidemiological and entomological investigation in dengue outbreak area of ahmedabad district. | epidemiological and entomological investigations conducted in seven affected villages of sanand and viramgam talukas of ahmedabad district revealed that all age groups and both the genders were affected. 33.33% blood samples of patients showed seropositivity suggesting dengue infection similarly, dengue virus antigen was detected in 7 females ae. aegypti out of 2 males and 26 females tested by indirect immunofluroscent technique. aedes aegypti population measured by various parameters i.e. premi ... | 2000 | 11129561 |
| [stratification of a hyperendemic city in hemorrhagic dengue]. | any effort to control dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) faces a number of challenges. among these are the great environmental heterogeneity of homes and neighborhoods in urban centers where the primary dengue vector, aedes aegypti, breeds, as well as shortages of resources and of personnel trained in mosquito control. adequate epidemiological surveillance could serve as a basis to begin to stratify urban communities and identify the areas in them where control efforts should be focused. in this stu ... | 2000 | 11141964 |
| dengue situation in brazil by year 2000. | dengue virus types 1 and 2 have been isolated in brazil by the department of virology, instituto oswaldo cruz, in 1986 and 1990 respectively, after many decades of absence. a successful continental aedes aegypti control program in the americas, has been able to eradicate the vector in most countries in the 60's, but the program could not be sustained along the years. dengue viruses were reintroduced in the american region and the infection became endemic in brazil, like in most central and south ... | 2000 | 11142711 |
| control of aedes aegypti breeding in desert coolers and tires by use of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation. | three different formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were evaluated for their efficacy against immature aedes aegypti in desert coolers and tires. three formulations, viz., vectobac tablets, vectobac granules, and bacticide powder, at the application rate of 0.75, 2, and 1 g per cooler, respectively, and vectobac tablets at 0.75 and 0.375 g per tire, were evaluated. in coolers and tires, 100% reduction in the abundance of late larval instars of ae. aegypti was observed f ... | 2000 | 11198918 |
| landing periodicity of aedes aegypti with implications for dengue transmission in trinidad, west indies. | the diel landing/biting periodicity of the trinidad strain of aedes aegypti (l.) was monitored using human-bait during january-august 1999. hourly light intensities were measured both indoors and outdoors at both urban and rural sites. the periodicity of females was diurnal and nocturnal, with 90% arriving during daylight and twilight and 10% during the night. the pattern of landing was trimodal, with consistent peaks at 0700 h, 1100 h and 1700 h. the diel periodicities at indoor and outdoor urb ... | 2000 | 11217215 |