| circulating monocytes accelerate acute liver failure by il-6 secretion in monkey. | acute liver failure (alf) is associated with high mortality, and a poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology has resulted in a lack of effective treatments so far. here, using an amatoxin-induced rhesus monkey model of alf, we panoramically revealed the cellular and molecular events that lead to the development of alf. the challenged monkeys with toxins underwent a typical course of alf including severe hepatic injury, systemic inflammation and eventual death. adaptive immune was not ... | 2018 | 29992739 |
| microglia: an intrinsic component of the proliferative zones in the fetal rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) cerebral cortex. | microglial cells are increasingly recognized as modulators of brain development. we previously showed that microglia colonize the cortical proliferative zones in the prenatal brain and regulate the number of precursor cells through phagocytosis. to better define cellular interactions between microglia and proliferative cells, we performed lentiviral vector-mediated intraventricular gene transfer to induce enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in fetal cerebrocortical cells. tissues were ... | 2019 | 29992243 |
| cd24 and fc fusion protein protects sivmac239-infected chinese rhesus macaque against progression to aids. | chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation are underlying causes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). products of virus replication and microbial translocation, co-infection or opportunistic pathogens, and danger-associated molecular patterns have been reported to contribute to chronic immune activation and inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus type-1/simian immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1/siv) infection or other disease. to develop new strategies and therapies for hiv-1/a ... | 2018 | 29983395 |
| efficacy of human monoclonal antibody monotherapy against bundibugyo virus infection in nonhuman primates. | the 2013-2016 ebola virus disease (evd) epidemics in west africa highlighted a need for effective therapeutics for treatment of the disease caused by filoviruses. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are promising therapeutic candidates for prophylaxis or treatment of virus infections. data about efficacy of human mab monotherapy against filovirus infections in preclinical nonhuman primate models are limited. | 2018 | 29982718 |
| a replicating single-cycle adenovirus vaccine against ebola virus. | recent west african ebola virus (ebov) epidemics have led to testing different anti-ebov vaccines, including a replication-defective adenovirus (rd-ad) vector (chad3-ebov) and an infectious, replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the ebov glycoprotein (rvsv-ebov; also known as rvsv-zebov). while rd-ads elicit protection, when scaled up to human trials, the level of protection may be much lower than that of vaccines containing viruses that can replicate. although ... | 2018 | 29982595 |
| role of kisspeptin and neurokinin b signaling in male rhesus monkey puberty. | despite the well-established concept that an increase in pulsatile gnrh release triggers puberty, the precise signaling mechanism responsible for the pubertal increase in gnrh release remains unclear. a recent study indicates that developmental changes in the network formation between kisspeptin and neurokinin b (nkb) signaling greatly contribute to the pubertal increase in gnrh release in female monkeys. it is, however, unknown whether similar developmental changes in the kisspeptin and nkb net ... | 2018 | 29982393 |
| long-term effects of curcumin in the non-human primate brain. | curcumin has recently been shown to be a potential treatment for slowing or ameloriating cognitive decline during aging in our nonhuman primate model of normal aging. in these same monkeys, we studied for the first time the neurological impacts of long-term curcumin treatments using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (mri). sixteen rhesus monkeys received curcumin or a vehicle control for 14-18 months. we applied a combination of structural and diffusion mri to determine whether the curcumi ... | 2018 | 29981358 |
| narrow-band, long-wavelength lighting promotes hyperopia and retards vision-induced myopia in infant rhesus monkeys. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of narrow band, long-wavelength lighting on normal refractive development and the phenomena of lens compensation and form-deprivation myopia (fdm) in infant rhesus monkeys. starting at 24 and continuing until 151 days of age, 27 infant rhesus monkeys were reared under long-wavelength led lighting (630 nm; illuminance = 274 ± 64 lux) with unrestricted vision (red light (rl) controls, n = 7) or a +3 d (+3d-rl, n = 7), -3 d (-3d-rl, n = ... | 2018 | 29981345 |
| determination of major histocompatibility class i and class ii genetic composition of the caribbean primate center specific pathogen-free rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) colony based on massively parallel sequencing. | knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) composition and distribution in rhesus macaque colonies is critical for management strategies that maximize the utility of this model for biomedical research. | 2018 | 29971797 |
| hormonal regulation of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (ovgp1; muc9) in the rhesus macaque cervix. | macaques are outstanding animal models for the development of new contraceptives. in women, progestin-only contraceptives often fail to block ovulation and are believed to act by altering cervix physiology. herein, we assessed oviductal glycoprotein 1 (ovgp1) in the macaque cervix as a marker for progestogen action. | 2018 | 29971796 |
| identification of functional cell groups in the abducens nucleus of monkey and human by perineuronal nets and choline acetyltransferase immunolabeling. | the abducens nucleus (nvi) contains several functional cell groups: motoneurons of the singly-innervated twitch muscle fibers (sif) and those of the multiply-innervated muscle fibers (mif) of the lateral rectus muscle (lr), internuclear neurons (ints) projecting to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (niii) and paramedian tract-neurons (pmt) that receive input from premotor neurons of the oculomotor system and project to the floccular region. in monkey, these cell populations can be delineated ... | 2018 | 29970992 |
| in vivo manganese tract tracing of frontal eye fields in rhesus macaques with ultra-high field mri: comparison with dwi tractography. | the saccadic eye movement system has emerged as a valuable model for studying neural circuitry related to flexible control of behavior. although connections of the saccadic circuitry are well documented via histochemical tracers, these methods require fixed tissue and thus cannot provide longitudinal assessments of connectivity. to circumvent this, diffusion weighted imaging (dwi) is often used as a proxy for connectivity in vivo, allowing for the tracing of connections longitudinally and noninv ... | 2018 | 29964189 |
| limited modulation of the abuse-related behavioral effects of d-methamphetamine by disulfiram. | disulfiram (antabuse), an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and dopamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitor, has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. however, the extent to which disulfiram may alter the abuse-related behavioral effects of related psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine, is unknown. here, the therapeutic potential of disulfiram was evaluated by examining its impact on the reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects of d-methampheta ... | 2018 | 29963872 |
| high-resolution 3d diffusion tensor mri of anesthetized rhesus macaque brain at 3t. | diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dmri) has been widely used to investigate human brain microstructure and connectivity and its abnormalities in a variety of brain deficits, whether acute, neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative. however, the biological interpretation and validation of dmri data modelling is still a crucial challenge in the field. in this respect, achieving high spatial resolution in-vivo dmri in the non-human primate to compare these observations both with human dmri on the ... | 2018 | 29960088 |
| evaluation of two potent and selective pet radioligands to image cox-1 and cox-2 in rhesus monkeys. | this study assessed whether the newly developed pet radioligands 11c-ps13 and 11c-mc1 could image constitutive levels of cyclooxygenase (cox)-1 and cox-2, respectively, in rhesus monkeys. methods: after intravenous injection of either radioligand, 24 whole-body pet scans were performed. to measure enzyme-specific uptake, scans of the 2 radioligands were also performed after administration of a nonradioactive drug preferential for either cox-1 or cox-2. concurrent venous samples were obtained to ... | 2018 | 29959215 |
| histological and immunohistochemical characterization of a case of endometriosis in a guinea pig (cavia tschudii). | endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease characterized by the ectopic proliferation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. the pathogenesis of this disease is still obscure, and sampson's theory of retrograde menstruation is still the most widely accepted explanation. endometriosis in animals has been so far described not only in baboons and a rhesus macaque but also in dogs and horses that are nonmenstruating animals. in this article, we report the histological and immunoh ... | 2017 | 29955430 |
| improved cns exposure to tocilizumab after cerebrospinal fluid compared to intravenous administration in rhesus macaques. | | 2018 | 29954750 |
| effects of lorcaserin and buspirone, administered alone and as a mixture, on cocaine self-administration in male and female rhesus monkeys. | cocaine use disorder is a serious public health issue for which there is no effective pharmacotherapy. one strategy to speed development of medications for cocaine use disorder is to repurpose drugs already approved for use in humans based on their ability to interact with targets known to be important for addiction. two such drugs, lorcaserin (belviq; a drug with serotonin [5-ht]2c receptor agonist properties) and buspirone (buspar; a drug with 5-ht1a receptor partial agonist and dopamine d3/d4 ... | 2018 | 29952618 |
| estradiol treatment in a nonhuman primate model of menopause preserves affective reactivity. | human affective life changes with age, becoming more positive and less negative in later life. this change occurs even as aging leads to declines in health and cognitive outcomes. despite these well-documented effects in humans, the extent to which affective processes change as a result of aging in nonhuman animals, particularly nonhuman primates, is unclear. as a first step toward developing an animal model for human affective aging, we tested aged, surgically menopausal aged and middle-aged go ... | 2018 | 29952606 |
| timing of cyclic estradiol treatment differentially affects cognition in aged female rhesus monkeys. | some evidence suggests that there may be a limited "window of opportunity" for beneficial effects of hormone therapy after menopause in women. we tested whether the timing of cyclic estradiol (e2) treatment impacted its effect on cognitive function in aged, surgically menopausal (ovariectomized) rhesus monkeys. monkeys were assigned to one of four treatment conditions after ovariectomy: either vehicle or e2 treatment for the duration of the protocol, vehicle for the first 2 years of the protocol ... | 2018 | 29952604 |
| post-translational buffering leads to convergent protein expression levels between primates. | differences in gene regulation between human and closely related species influence phenotypes that are distinctly human. while gene regulation is a multi-step process, the majority of research concerning divergence in gene regulation among primates has focused on transcription. | 2018 | 29950183 |
| accelerated episodic luteinizing hormone release accompanies blunted progesterone regulation in pcos-like female rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) exposed to testosterone during early-to-mid gestation. | ovarian theca cell hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is compounded by androgen receptor-mediated impairment of estradiol and progesterone negative feedback regulation of episodic luteinizing hormone (lh) release. the resultant lh hypersecretion, likely the product of accelerated episodic release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) from the median eminence of the hypothalamus, hyperstimulates ovarian theca cell steroidogenesis, enabling testosterone (t) and andr ... | 2018 | 29949806 |
| endocannabinoid hydrolase and cannabinoid receptor 1 are involved in the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in type 2 diabetes. | hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis, as the key moderator in energy metabolism, plays an important role in diabetes. the endogenous cannabinoid system (ecbs) involves in neuronal functions, and simultaneously cannabinoid receptors are almost expressed in all regions of the hypothalamus according to a spate of reports. however, few data investigate the changes of ecbs and hpa axis in type 2 diabetes. in this study, five diabetes mellitus rhesus monkeys, five prediabetes rhesus monkeys and f ... | 2018 | 29948652 |
| snare complex-associated proteins in the lateral amygdala of macaca mulatta following long-term ethanol drinking. | recent work with long-term ethanol (etoh) self-administration in nonhuman primate models has revealed a complex array of behavioral and physiological effects that closely mimic human alcohol abuse. detailed neurophysiological analysis in these models suggests a myriad of pre- and postsynaptic neurobiological effects that may contribute to the behavioral manifestations of long-term etoh drinking. the molecular mechanisms regulating presynaptic effects of this chronic etoh exposure are largely unk ... | 2018 | 29944190 |
| visual neurons in the superior colliculus discriminate many objects by their historical values. | the superior colliculus (sc) is an important structure in the mammalian brain that orients the animal toward distinct visual events. visually responsive neurons in sc are modulated by visual object features, including size, motion, and color. however, it remains unclear whether sc activity is modulated by non-visual object features, such as the reward value associated with the object. to address this question, three monkeys were trained (>10 days) to saccade to multiple fractal objects, half of ... | 2018 | 29942248 |
| no off-target mutations in functional genome regions of a crispr/cas9-generated monkey model of muscular dystrophy. | crispr/cas9 is now widely used in biomedical research and has great potential for clinical applications. however, the safety and efficacy of this gene-editing technique are significant issues. recent reports on mouse models and human cells have raised concerns that off-target mutations could hamper applying the crispr technology in patients. the high similarities of nonhuman primates to humans in genome content and organization, genetic diversity, physiology, and cognitive abilities have made th ... | 2018 | 29941452 |
| acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) and r(-) mdma on actigraphy-based daytime activity and sleep parameters in rhesus monkeys. | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) affects monoaminergic pathways that play a critical role in sleep-wake cycles. dopaminergic mechanisms are thought to mediate the sleep-disrupting effects of stimulant drugs. however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of mdma on sleep-wake cycles and the effects of r(-) mdma, a stereoisomer that lacks dopaminergic activity, on sleep remain unknown. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of racemic mdma and r(-) mdma on daytime act ... | 2018 | 29939048 |
| b cell clonal lineage alterations upon recombinant hiv-1 envelope immunization of rhesus macaques. | broadly neutralizing hiv-1 antibodies (bnabs) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models. their elicitation by immunization is thus highly desirable. the hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein (env) is the sole viral target of bnabs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. env-based immunogens tested so far in various animal species and humans have elicited binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies but not bnabs (with a few notable exceptions). ... | 2018 | 29933399 |
| porcine endothelial grafts could survive for a long term without using systemic immunosuppressors: an investigation of feasibility and efficacy of xeno-descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty from wzs-pig to rhesus monkey. | in current non-human primate models, full-thickness porcine grafts could not achieve long-term survival without using potent systemic immunosuppressors. moreover, the thickness disparity in xeno-pkp proved to be hard to manipulate and may cause several complications which also could prevent the grafts from long survival. considering the advantages of descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (dsaek) derived from its ultrathin graft and lower rejection rate, we hypothesize xeno-dsae ... | 2019 | 29932259 |
| weak effects of common genetic variation in oxytocin and vasopressin receptor genes on rhesus macaque social behavior. | the neuropeptides oxytocin (ot) and arginine vasopressin (avp) influence pair bonding, attachment, and sociality, as well as anxiety and stress responses in humans and other mammals. the effects of these peptides are mediated by genetic variability in their associated receptors, oxtr and the avpr gene family. however, the role of these genes in regulating social behaviors in non-human primates is not well understood. to address this question, we examined whether genetic variation in the ot recep ... | 2018 | 29931777 |
| convection-enhanced delivery of muscimol into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei of nonhuman primates. | muscimol is a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist that selectively and temporarily inhibits neurons. local bolus injection of muscimol has been used experimentally to inhibit neuronal populations within discrete anatomical structures and discern their physiological function. | 2019 | 29931364 |
| a bistable switch in virus dynamics can explain the differences in disease outcome following siv infections in rhesus macaques. | experimental studies have shown that the size and infectious-stage of viral inoculum influence disease outcomes in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. the possible contribution to disease outcome of antibody developed after transmission and/or present in the inoculum in free or bound form is not understood. in this study, we develop a mathematical model of virus-antibody immune complex formation and use it to predict their role in transmission and protection. the model e ... | 2018 | 29930544 |
| idiopathic colitis in rhesus macaques is associated with dysbiosis, abundant enterochromaffin cells and altered t-cell cytokine expression. | idiopathic chronic diarrhea (icd) is a common ailment affecting captive rhesus macaques ( macaca mulatta). icd cases are characterized by diarrhea in the absence of commonly identified diarrheal pathogens and multiple recurrences even after supportive therapy. histologically, the disease is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic colitis. we identified 35 rhesus macaques euthanized for icd during a 7-month period and described demographic, clinical, histologic, and immunologic commonalities. we found ... | 2018 | 29929446 |
| neuroanatomical relationship of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin neurons in adult female sheep and primates. | neuronal intermediates that communicate estrogen and progesterone feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons are essential for modulating reproductive cyclicity. individually, kisspeptin and nitric oxide (no) influence gnrh secretion. however, it is possible these 2 neuronal intermediates interact with one another to affect reproductive cyclicity. | 2018 | 29929191 |
| marginal effects of systemic ccr5 blockade with maraviroc on oral simian immunodeficiency virus transmission to infant macaques. | current approaches do not eliminate all human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) maternal-to-infant transmissions (mtit); new prevention paradigms might help avert new infections. we administered maraviroc (mvc) to rhesus macaques (rms) to block ccr5-mediated entry, followed by repeated oral exposure of a ccr5-dependent clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) mac251 (sivmac766). mvc significantly blocked the ccr5 coreceptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissue cells. all cont ... | 2018 | 29925666 |
| murine pneumonia virus expressing the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus from an added gene is highly attenuated and immunogenic in rhesus macaques. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) continues to be the leading viral cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children worldwide. a licensed vaccine or antiviral drug suitable for routine use remains unavailable. like rsv, murine pneumonia virus (mpv) is a member of the genus orthopneumovirus, family pneumoviridae humans are not normally exposed to mpv, and mpv is not cross-protective with rsv. we evaluated mpv as an rsv vaccine vector expressing the rsv fusion ( ... | 2018 | 29925656 |
| adaptive developmental plasticity in rhesus macaques: the serotonin transporter gene interacts with maternal care to affect juvenile social behaviour. | research has increasingly highlighted the role that developmental plasticity-the ability of a particular genotype to produce variable phenotypes in response to different early environments-plays as an adaptive mechanism. one of the most widely studied genetic contributors to developmental plasticity in humans and rhesus macaques is a serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-httlpr), which determines transcriptional efficiency of the serotonin transporter gene in vitro and modifies ... | 2018 | 29925616 |
| effects of group size and rank on mother-infant relationships and reproductive success in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | in the present study, we compared mother-infant relationships in 57 mother-infant dyads residing in two wild, semi-provisioned (22 mother-infant dyads in 2014, 35 dyads in 2015) groups of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in the nanwan nature reserve for rhesus macaques, hainan, china. we also compared reproductive success between these two groups. the ecology and provisioning regime for each group was similar. these groups differed however, in size. group 1 contained ∼35 individuals and group 2 ... | 2018 | 29923328 |
| inhibition of the substantia nigra pars reticulata produces divergent effects on sensorimotor gating in rats and monkeys. | the basal ganglia are an evolutionarily old group of structures, with gross organization conserved across species. despite this conservation, there is evidence suggesting that anatomical organization of a key output nucleus of the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (snpr), diverges across species. nevertheless, there are relatively few comparative studies examining the impact of manipulations of snpr across species. here, we evaluated the role of snpr in a highly conserved behav ... | 2018 | 29921848 |
| efficacy of sustained delivery of gc-1 from a nanofluidic system in a spontaneously obese non-human primate: a case study. | with nearly 40% of u.s. adults obese, and childhood and adolescent rates rising, obesity and associated comorbidities are serious public health concerns with massive societal costs. often, lifestyle interventions do not offer sufficient weight loss to improve health, requiring surgery and medications as adjunct management strategies. here, we present a 4-month case study in which the sustained, low-dose, and constant administration of the thyroid receptor β selective agonist gc-1 (sobetirome) fr ... | 2018 | 29916059 |
| a recombinant herpesviral vector containing a near-full-length sivmac239 genome produces siv particles and elicits immune responses to all nine siv gene products. | the properties of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pose serious difficulties for the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. here we describe the construction and characterization of recombinant (r), replication-competent forms of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (rrv), a gamma-2 herpesvirus, containing a near-full-length (nfl) genome of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). a 306-nucleotide deletion in the pol gene rendered this nfl genome replication-incompetent as a consequence o ... | 2018 | 29912986 |
| defining the rhesus macaque placental mirnaome: conservation of expression of placental mirna clusters between the macaque and human. | expression of micrornas (mirnas) in the human placenta is dynamic across gestation, with expression of mirnas belonging to the c14mc, c19mc and mir-371-3 clusters. specifically, mirnas within the c19mc cluster are exclusively expressed in primates with predominant expression in the placenta. non-human primates can be utilized to study developmental processes of placentation in vivo that cannot be assessed in the human placenta, however, mirna expression has not been defined in the macaque placen ... | 2018 | 29908642 |
| intestinal damage precedes mucosal immune dysfunction in siv infection. | hiv and pathogenic siv infection are characterized by mucosal dysfunction including epithelial barrier damage, loss of th17 cells, neutrophil infiltration, and microbial translocation with accompanying inflammation. however, it is unclear how and when these contributing factors occur relative to one another. in order to determine whether any of these features initiates the cycle of damage, we longitudinally evaluated the kinetics of mucosal and systemic t-cell activation, microbial translocation ... | 2018 | 29907866 |
| place cell-like activity in the primary sensorimotor and premotor cortex during monkey whole-body navigation. | primary motor (m1), primary somatosensory (s1) and dorsal premotor (pmd) cortical areas of rhesus monkeys previously have been associated only with sensorimotor control of limb movements. here we show that a significant number of neurons in these areas also represent body position and orientation in space. two rhesus monkeys (k and m) used a wheelchair controlled by a brain-machine interface (bmi) to navigate in a room. during this whole-body navigation, the discharge rates of m1, s1, and pmd ne ... | 2018 | 29907789 |
| nlrp3 in somatic non-immune cells of rodent and primate testes. | nlrp3 is part of the nlrp3 inflammasome and a global sensor of cellular damage. it was recently discovered in rodent sertoli cells. we investigated nlrp3 in mouse, human and non-human primate (marmoset and rhesus macaque) testes, employing immunohistochemistry. sertoli cells of all species expressed nlrp3, and the expression preceded puberty. in addition, peritubular cells of the adult human testes expressed nlrp3. nlrp3 and associated genes (pycard, casp1, il1b) were also found in isolated huma ... | 2018 | 29907661 |
| effect of housing type on 25 oh vitamin d in serum of rhesus monkeys. | vitamin d status is primarily dependent upon sun exposure and dietary sources, however genetic, cultural, and environmental factors can have a modulating role in the measured amount. one under-reported factor is the effect of regular living quarters on the degree of sun exposure. herein, we assess vitamin d status in the blood of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) housed in high amounts of sunlight (corn-cribs), medium sunlight (corrals with shaded areas), and minimal sunlight (quarantine cages). | 2018 | 29905924 |
| adiposity and weight gain during pregnancy associate independently with behavior of infant rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | growing evidence identifies maternal adiposity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment. this retrospective cohort analysis examined whether maternal prepregnancy adiposity and gestational weight gain were associated with behavioral outcomes in 173 rhesus macaque infants at the california national primate research center. dams conceived indoors, had uncomplicated pregnancies, delivered vaginally, and reared infants indoors. infants underwent standardized biobehavioral ... | 2018 | 29900528 |
| patient-derived avian influenza a (h5n6) virus is highly pathogenic in mice but can be effectively treated by anti-influenza polyclonal antibodies. | highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n6) virus has been circulating in poultry since 2013 and causes sporadic infections and fatalities in humans. due to the re-occurrence and continuous evolution of this virus subtype, there is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenicity of the h5n6 virus and to identify effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. we established a mouse model to evaluate the virulence of h5n6 a/guangzhou/39715/2014 (h5n6/gz14), which was isolated from an infe ... | 2018 | 29899428 |
| design of novel hiv-1/2 fusion inhibitors with high therapeutic efficacy in rhesus monkey models. | t-20 (enfuvirtide) is the only approved viral fusion inhibitor that is used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection; however, it has relatively low antiviral activity and easily induces drug resistance. we recently reported a t-20-based lipopeptide fusion inhibitor (lp-40) showing improved anti-hiv activity (x. ding et al., j virol 91:e00831-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00831-17). in this study, we designed lp-50 and lp-51 by refining the structure and ... | 2018 | 29899103 |
| comparison of decision-related signals in sensory and motor preparatory responses of neurons in area lip. | neurons in the lateral intraparietal (lip) area of macaques exhibit both sensory and oculomotor preparatory responses. during perceptual decision making, the preparatory responses have been shown to track the state of the evolving evidence leading to the decision. the sensory responses are known to reflect categorical properties of visual stimuli, but it is not known whether these responses also track evolving evidence. we recorded neural responses from lateral intraparietal area of 2 female rhe ... | 2018 | 29899029 |
| hand motor recovery following extensive frontoparietal cortical injury is accompanied by upregulated corticoreticular projections in monkey. | we tested the hypothesis that arm/hand motor recovery after injury of the lateral sensorimotor cortex is associated with upregulation of the corticoreticular projection (crp) from the supplementary motor cortex (m2) to the gigantocellular reticular nucleus of the medulla (gi). three groups of rhesus monkeys of both genders were studied: five controls, four cases with lesions of the arm/hand area of the primary motor cortex (m1) and the lateral premotor cortex (lpmc; f2 lesion group), and five ca ... | 2018 | 29899028 |
| interaction of p53 and aspps regulates rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells conversion to neural fate concomitant with apoptosis. | the tumor suppressor p53 is a key regulator of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. recent studies show that the delicate balance of p53 expression is important for neural tube defects, neuronal degeneration, embryonic lethality, as well as differentiation and dedifferentiation. moreover, p53 showed different regulatory patterns between rodent and primate embryonic stem cells (escs). however, the role of p53 and apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 (aspp) during neural differentiation (nd) from ... | 2018 | 29895189 |
| a novel ebola virus antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ebola adcc) assay. | ebolaviruses are highly virulent pathogens that cause ebola viral disease (evd). data from non-human primate (nhp) models and from human survivors of evd suggest that anti-ebola antibodies play an integral role in protection. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) is a potential mechanism through which anti-ebola antibodies may mediate protection. we developed a robust ebola-specific adcc assay for use in ongoing trials of ebola vaccines. stable cell lines for inducible zaire ebola ... | 2018 | 29894746 |
| fgf21 decreases body weight without reducing food intake or bone mineral density in high-fat fed obese rhesus macaque monkeys. | administration of fgf21 and fgf21 analogues reduce body weight; improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in animal models of obesity and in short term clinical trials. however potential adverse effects identified in mice have raised concerns for the development of fgf21 therapeutics. therefore, this study was designed to address the actions of fgf21 on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism and importantly its effects on bone mineral density (bmd), bone markers, and plasma cortisol in hig ... | 2018 | 29892039 |
| social network dynamics precede a mass eviction in group-living rhesus macaques. | network dynamics can reveal information about the adaptive function of social behaviour and the extent to which social relationships can flexibly respond to extrinsic pressures. changes in social networks occur following changes to the social and physical environment. by contrast, we have limited understanding of whether changes in social networks precede major group events. permanent evictions can be important determinants of gene flow and population structure and are a clear example of an even ... | 2018 | 29887618 |
| mamu-b*17+ rhesus macaques vaccinated with env, vif, and nef manifest early control of sivmac239 replication. | certain major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) alleles are associated with spontaneous control of viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected people and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaques (rms). these cases of "elite" control of hiv/siv replication are often immune-mediated, thereby providing a framework for studying anti-lentiviral immunity. in this study, we examined how vaccination impacts siv replication in rms expressing the mhc-i all ... | 2018 | 29875239 |
| an adenovirus serotype 2-vectored ebolavirus vaccine generates robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques. | ebolavirus vaccines based on several adenoviral vectors have been investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. the use of adenovirus serotype 2 as a vector for ebolavirus vaccine has not been reported. herein, we generated rad2-zgp, a recombinant replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 2 expressing codon-optimized zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein, and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice and rhesus macaques. rad2-zgp induced significant antibody and cell-mediated immune responses at ... | 2018 | 29872043 |
| patterns of human-wildlife conflict and compensation practices around daxueshan nature reserve, china. | understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. we collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around daxueshan nature reserve, yunnan, china, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. a questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the lo ... | 2018 | 29872032 |
| fmri study of the role of glutamate nmda receptor in the olfactory processing in monkeys. | studies in rodents show that olfactory processing in the principal neurons of olfactory bulb (ob) and piriform cortex (pc) is controlled by local inhibitory interneurons, and glutamate nmda receptor plays a role in this inhibitory control. it is not clear if findings from studies in rodents translate to olfactory processing in nonhuman primates (nhps). in this study, the effect of the glutamate nmda receptor antagonist mk801 on odorant-induced olfactory responses in the ob and pc of anesthetized ... | 2018 | 29870538 |
| dna vaccine-induced long-lasting cytotoxic t cells targeting conserved elements of human immunodeficiency virus gag are boosted upon dna or recombinant modified vaccinia ankara vaccination. | dna-based vaccines able to induce efficient cytotoxic t-cell responses targeting conserved elements (ce) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gag have been developed. these ce were selected by stringent conservation, the ability to induce t-cell responses with broad human leukocyte antigen coverage, and the association between recognition of ce epitopes and viral control in hiv-infected individuals. based on homology to hiv, a simian immunodeficiency virus p27gag ce dna vaccine has als ... | 2018 | 29869530 |
| ultrasensitive immunoassay for simian immunodeficiency virus p27ca. | although effective for suppressing viral replication, combination antiretroviral treatment (cart) does not represent definitive therapy for hiv infection due to persistence of replication-competent viral reservoirs. the advent of effective cart regimens for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected nonhuman primates (nhp) has enabled the development of relevant models for studying viral reservoirs and intervention strategies targeting them. viral reservoir measurements are crucial for such st ... | 2018 | 29869527 |
| nomenclature for the kir of non-human species. | the increasing number of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (kir) sequences available for non-human primate species and cattle has prompted development of a centralized database, guidelines for a standardized nomenclature, and minimum requirements for database submission. the guidelines and nomenclature are based on those used for human kir and incorporate modifications made for inclusion of non-human species in the companion ipd-nhkir database. included in this first release are the rhesus mac ... | 2018 | 29869002 |
| the marmoset as an animal model of influenza: infection with a(h1n1)pdm09 and highly pathogenic a(h5n1) viruses via the conventional or tracheal spray route. | to control infectious diseases in humans, it is important to understand the pathogenicity of the infecting organism(s). although non-human primates, such as cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, have been used for influenza virus infection models, their size can limit their use in confined animal facilities. in this study, we investigated the susceptibility of marmosets to influenza viruses to assess the possibility of using these animals as a non-human primate model for influenza research. we first u ... | 2018 | 29867791 |
| the dynamics of prosthetically elicited vestibulo-ocular reflex function across frequency and context in the rhesus monkey. | electrical vestibular neurostimulation may be a viable tool for modulating vestibular afferent input to restore vestibular function following injury or disease. to do this, such stimulators must provide afferent input that can be readily interpreted by the central nervous system to accurately represent head motion to drive reflexive behavior. since vestibular afferents have different galvanic sensitivity, and different natural sensitivities to head rotational velocity and acceleration, and elect ... | 2018 | 29867306 |
| epitope-based vaccine design yields fusion peptide-directed antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of hiv-1. | a central goal of hiv-1 vaccine research is the elicitation of antibodies capable of neutralizing diverse primary isolates of hiv-1. here we show that focusing the immune response to exposed n-terminal residues of the fusion peptide, a critical component of the viral entry machinery and the epitope of antibodies elicited by hiv-1 infection, through immunization with fusion peptide-coupled carriers and prefusion stabilized envelope trimers, induces cross-clade neutralizing responses. in mice, the ... | 2018 | 29867235 |
| bilirubin photoisomers in rhesus monkey serum. | as rhesus monkeys exhibit physiological jaundice during the neonatal period, we used rhesus monkey serum to examine changes in bilirubin photoisomers. bilirubin-rhesus monkey serum solution was irradiated with blue light-emitting diode, and changes in the absorbance and bilirubin fraction were compared with those in bilirubin- human serum albumin (hsa) and bilirubin-rat albumin solutions. the λmax decreased with light irradiation. the mean production rate of cyclobilirubin ixα was 1.98, 199 and ... | 2018 | 29864726 |
| reinforcing effects of opioid/cannabinoid mixtures in rhesus monkeys responding under a food/drug choice procedure. | cannabinoid receptor agonists such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) enhance the antinociceptive potency of mu opioid receptor agonists such as morphine, indicating that opioid/cannabinoid mixtures might be effective for treating pain. however, such enhancement will be beneficial only if cannabinoids do not also enhance adverse effects of opioids, including those related to abuse. in rhesus monkeys, cannabinoids fail to enhance and often decrease self-administration of the mu opioid recep ... | 2018 | 29860612 |
| influence of gut microbiome on mucosal immune activation and shiv viral transmission in naive macaques. | it is unknown whether the gut microbiome affects hiv transmission. in our recent shiv vaccine study, we found that the naive rhesus macaques from two different sources had significantly different rates of infection against repeated low-dose intrarectal challenge with shivsf162p4 virus. exploring causes, we found that the more susceptible group of seven macaques had significantly more activated cd4+ccr5+ki67+ t cells in the rectal mucosa than the more resistant group of 11 macaques from a differe ... | 2018 | 29858581 |
| gdnf revisited: a novel mammalian cell-derived variant form of gdnf increases dopamine turnover and improves brain biodistribution. | parkinson's disease (pd) is a disorder affecting dopamine neurons for which there is no cure. glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) and the closely related protein neurturin are two trophic factors with demonstrated neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties on dopamine neurons in multiple animal species. however, gdnf and neurturin phase-2 clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a significant level of improvement over placebo controls. insufficient drug distribution in the ... | 2019 | 29857941 |
| spontaneous urinary bladder leiomyoma in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | here we report the case of a urinary bladder leiomyoma in a rhesus macaque. the animal was clinically normal and had a lipoma localized to the stifle. endovesicular leiomyomas are the most common form of urinary bladder leiomyoma in humans. in contrast, this macaque's tumor exhibited extravesicular localization in the bladder. urinary bladder leiomyomas account for less than 0.5% of all bladder tumors in humans, with only 250 cases reported in total. | 2018 | 29857795 |
| genetic inactivation of cd33 in hematopoietic stem cells to enable car t cell immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. | the absence of cancer-restricted surface markers is a major impediment to antigen-specific immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (car) t cells. for example, targeting the canonical myeloid marker cd33 in acute myeloid leukemia (aml) results in toxicity from destruction of normal myeloid cells. we hypothesized that a leukemia-specific antigen could be created by deleting cd33 from normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs), thereby generating a hematopoietic system resistant t ... | 2018 | 29856956 |
| large-brained animal models of huntington's disease: sheep. | the limitations of using small-brained rodents to model diseases that affect large-brain humans are becoming increasingly obvious as novel therapies emerge. huntington's disease (hd) is one such disease. in recent years, the desirability of a large-brained, long-lived animal model of hd for preclinical testing has changed into a necessity. treatment involving gene therapy in particular presents delivery challenges that are currently unsolved. models using long-lived, large-brained animals would ... | 2018 | 29856022 |
| epigallocatechin-3-gallate local pre-exposure application prevents shiv rectal infection of macaques. | epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-hiv-1 properties. we demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of egcg could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose shivsf162p3n. this protection has a per-exposure risk reduction of 91.5% (p = 0.0009; log-rank test) and a complete protection of 87.5% (p < 0.001; fisher's exact test). all protected animals showed no eviden ... | 2018 | 29855550 |
| suppression of bone resorption by mir-141 in aged rhesus monkeys. | aging-related osteoporosis (op) is considered a serious public health concern. approximately 30% of postmenopausal women suffer from op; more than 40% of them risk fragility fractures. multiple drugs have been prescribed to treat op, but they are not ideal because of low cure rates and adverse side effects. mirna-based gene therapy is a rapidly developing strategy in disease treatment that presents certain advantages, such as large-scale production capability, genetic safety, and rapid effects. ... | 2018 | 29852535 |
| hypocretin/orexin antagonists decrease cocaine self-administration by female rhesus monkeys. | the hypocretin/orexin system is involved in regulating arousal, and much recent work demonstrates that decreasing hypocretin receptor-1 (hcrtr1) activity using antagonists decreases appetitive behavior, including stimulant drug self-administration and reinstatement. | 2018 | 29852449 |
| (ir)rational choices of humans, rhesus macaques, and capuchin monkeys in dynamic stochastic environments. | human and animal decision-making is known to violate rational expectations in a variety of contexts. previous models suggest that statistical structures of real-world environments can favor such seemingly irrational behavior, but this has not been tested empirically. we tested 16 capuchin monkeys, seven rhesus monkeys, and 30 humans in a computerized experiment that implemented such stochastic environments. subjects chose from among up to three options of different value that disappeared and bec ... | 2018 | 29852425 |
| tracking klrc2 (nkg2c)+ memory-like nk cells in siv+ and rhcmv+ rhesus macaques. | natural killer (nk) cells classically typify the nonspecific effector arm of the innate immune system, but have recently been shown to possess memory-like properties against multiple viral infections, most notably cmv. expression of the activating receptor nkg2c is elevated on human nk cells in response to infection with cmv as well as hiv, and may delineate cells with memory and memory-like functions. a better understanding of how nkg2c+ nk cells specifically respond to these pathogens could be ... | 2018 | 29851983 |
| mediodorsal thalamus is required for discrete phases of goal-directed behavior in macaques. | reward contingencies are dynamic: outcomes that were valued at one point may subsequently lose value. action selection in the face of dynamic reward associations requires several cognitive processes: registering a change in value of the primary reinforcer, adjusting the value of secondary reinforcers to reflect the new value of the primary reinforcer, and guiding action selection to optimal choices. flexible responding has been evaluated extensively using reinforcer devaluation tasks. performanc ... | 2018 | 29848447 |
| labial salivary gland transplantation for severe dry eye in a rhesus monkey model. | to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous labial salivary gland with labial mucous membrane graft in a rhesus monkey model with severe dry eye. | 2018 | 29847654 |
| oxytocin and vasopressin flatten dominance hierarchy and enhance behavioral synchrony in part via anterior cingulate cortex. | the neuropeptides oxytocin (ot) and arginine vasopressin (avp) influence social functions in many mammals. in humans and rhesus macaques, ot delivered intranasally can promote prosocial behavior in certain contexts. yet the precise neural mechanisms mediating these behavioral effects remain unclear. here we show that treating a group of male macaque monkeys intranasally with aerosolized ot relaxes their spontaneous social interactions with other monkeys. ot reduces differences in social behavior ... | 2018 | 29844336 |
| nt3-chitosan enables de novo regeneration and functional recovery in monkeys after spinal cord injury. | spinal cord injury (sci) often leads to permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. we have previously shown that neurotrophin3 (nt3)-loaded chitosan biodegradable material allowed for prolonged slow release of nt3 for 14 weeks under physiological conditions. here we report that nt3-loaded chitosan, when inserted into a 1-cm gap of hemisectioned and excised adult rhesus monkey thoracic spinal cord, elicited robust axonal regeneration. labeling of cortical motor neurons indicated m ... | 2018 | 29844162 |
| targeted cortical reorganization using optogenetics in non-human primates. | brain stimulation modulates the excitability of neural circuits and drives neuroplasticity. while the local effects of stimulation have been an active area of investigation, the effects on large-scale networks remain largely unexplored. we studied stimulation-induced changes in network dynamics in two macaques. a large-scale optogenetic interface enabled simultaneous stimulation of excitatory neurons and electrocorticographic recording across primary somatosensory (s1) and motor (m1) cortex (yaz ... | 2018 | 29809133 |
| prevalence and genotypic diversity of entamoeba species in inhabitants in kathmandu, nepal. | in nepal, gastrointestinal infections due to parasites including entamoeba species are common. the main aim of this study was to identify species of entamoeba using genotypic analysis. the prevalence of entamoeba infections was examined by pcr in fecal samples from 143 inhabitants living close to wild rhesus macaques in kathmandu, nepal. the numbers of positive cases were one (0.7%) for e. histolytica, eight (5.6%) for e. dispar, seven (4.9%) for e. coli, and two (1.4%) for e. chattoni (e. polec ... | 2018 | 29808233 |
| baboon cd8 t cells suppress sivmac infection in cd4 t cells through contact-dependent production of mip-1α, mip-1β, and rantes. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in rhesus macaques is often characterized by high viremia and cd4 t cell depletion. by contrast, siv infection in african nonhuman primate natural hosts is typically nonpathogenic despite active viral replication. baboons are abundant in africa and have a geographical distribution that overlaps with natural hosts, but they do not harbor sivs. previous work has demonstrated baboons are resistant to chronic siv infection and/or disease in vivo but the ... | 2018 | 29807688 |
| ventilatory-depressant effects of opioids alone and in combination with cannabinoids in rhesus monkeys. | pain is a serious health problem that is commonly treated with opioids, although the doses of opioids needed to treat pain are often similar to those that decrease respiration. combining opioids with drugs that relieve pain through non-opioid mechanisms can decrease the doses of opioids needed for analgesia, resulting in an improved therapeutic window, but only if the doses of opioids that decrease respiration are not similarly decreased. using small doses of opioids to treat pain has the potent ... | 2018 | 29807027 |
| clinical and microbiological parameters of naturally occurring periodontitis in the non-human primate macaca mulatta. | background: non-human primates appear to represent the most faithful model of human disease, but to date the oral microbiome in macaques has not been fully characterized using next-generation sequencing. objective: in the present study, we characterized the clinical and microbiological features of naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (macaca mulatta). design: clinical parameters of periodontitis including probing pocket depth (pd) and bleeding on probing (bop) were measured in ... | 2017 | 29805776 |
| monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells generated from rhesus macaque bone marrow enrich for regulatory t cells. | putative monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mmdsc; lineage-hla-dr-/lo) were generated in 7-day cultures from normal rhesus macaque bone marrow (bm) cells in gm-csf and il-6. three subsets were identified based on their differential expression of cd14, cd33, cd34 and cd11b. following flow sorting, assessment of the capacity of these subsets to suppress anti-cd3/cd28-stimulated cd4 and cd8 t cell proliferation revealed that the most potent population was cd14hicd33-/locd34locd11bhi. these ... | 2018 | 29803290 |
| alterations of gray matter volume and white matter integrity in maternal deprivation monkeys. | maternal deprivation (md) in rhesus monkeys has been demonstrated to be an effective model to mimic early adversity in humans because of the close phylogenetic similarity affinity. although behavioral and hormonal abnormalities have been observed in md monkeys, the neurobiological underpinning of the long-term deleterious effect of md on monkeys is still unclear. in this study, we assessed emotional changes and socio-behavioral abnormalities induced by long-term md and assessed structural altera ... | 2018 | 29800718 |
| neural dynamics of variable grasp-movement preparation in the macaque frontoparietal network. | our voluntary grasping actions lie on a continuum between immediate action and waiting for the right moment, depending on the context. therefore, studying grasping requires an investigation into how preparation time affects this process. two macaque monkeys (macaca mulatta; one male, one female) performed a grasping task with a short instruction followed by an immediate or delayed go cue (0-1300 ms) while we recorded in parallel from neurons in the grasp preparation relevant area f5 that is part ... | 2018 | 29798892 |
| oxytocin- and arginine vasopressin-containing fibers in the cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. | oxytocin (ot) and arginine-vasopressin (avp) are involved in the regulation of complex social behaviors across a wide range of taxa. despite this, little is known about the neuroanatomy of the ot and avp systems in most non-human primates, and less in humans. the effects of ot and avp on social behavior, including aggression, mating, and parental behavior, may be mediated primarily by the extensive connections of ot- and avp-producing neurons located in the hypothalamus with the basal forebrain ... | 2018 | 29797339 |
| use of mesenchymal stem cells for possible repair of doxorubicin-damaged organs and tissues in experimental monkeys. | three injections of doxorubicin to rhesus macaques cause severe intoxication, characterized by anemia, cachexia, and degeneration of the viscera. the life span of monkeys injected with the drug and receiving after 24 h mesenchymal stem cell transplantation varied from 96 to 120 days in comparison with 50-74 days in animals receiving stem cells before doxorubicin. controls received doxorubicin and saline; the lifespan of one monkey was 24 days, of the other - 1 year and 8 months. the increase in ... | 2018 | 29797125 |
| functional parameters of physiological systems of laboratory primates after administration of doxorubicin and transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. | we studied physiological parameters of rhesus monkeys after administration of anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. intravenous administration of the drug caused intoxication manifested in in an abrupt body weight loss, baldness, vomiting, and exicosis. intoxication in monkeys determined by the damaging effects of doxorubicin on organs and tissues is also characterized by significant changes in the blood: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and a sharp drop o ... | 2018 | 29797118 |
| impact of the griffithsin anti-hiv microbicide and placebo gels on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome in non-human primates. | topical microbicides are being explored as an hiv prevention method for individuals who practice receptive anal intercourse. in vivo studies of these microbicides are critical to confirm safety. here, we evaluated the impact of a rectal microbicide containing the antiviral lectin, griffithsin (grft), on the rectal mucosal proteome and microbiome. using a randomized, crossover placebo-controlled design, six rhesus macaques received applications of hydroxyethylcellulose (hec)- or carbopol-formulat ... | 2018 | 29795295 |
| control of heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus sivsme660 infection by dna and protein coimmunization regimens combined with different toll-like-receptor-4-based adjuvants in macaques. | we developed a method of simultaneous vaccination with dna and protein resulting in robust and durable cellular and humoral immune responses with efficient dissemination to mucosal sites and protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. to further optimize the dna-protein coimmunization regimen, we tested a sivmac251-based vaccine formulated with either of two toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) ligand-based liposomal adjuvant formulations (tlr4 plus tlr7 [tlr4+7] or tlr4 plus qs21 [ ... | 2018 | 29793957 |
| similar epitope specificities of igg and iga antibodies elicited by ad26 vector prime, env protein boost immunizations in rhesus monkeys. | vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin g (igg) has been shown to be important for protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) infection in rhesus monkeys. however, it remains unclear whether vaccine-elicited iga responses are beneficial or detrimental for protection. in this study, we evaluated the kinetics, magnitude, breadth, and linear epitope specificities of vaccine-elicited igg and iga responses in serum and mucosal secretions following intramuscular immunization with adenovirus ... | 2018 | 29793950 |
| adenosine receptor distribution in rhesus monkey ocular tissue. | adenosine receptor (ador) antagonists, such as 7-methylxanthine (7-mx), have been shown to slow myopia progression in humans and animal models. adenosine receptors are found throughout the body, and regulate the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate. however, the role of adenosine in eye growth is unclear. evidence suggests that 7-mx increases scleral collagen fibril diameter, hence preventing axial elongation. this study used immunohistochemistry (ihc) and reverse-transcri ... | 2018 | 29792846 |
| antidiuretic hormone release associated with increased intracranial pressure independent of plasma osmolality. | introduce and evaluate a new model which explains the release of brain antidiuretic hormone (adh) independent of plasma osmolality. | 2018 | 29791061 |
| first identification of the mhc-dpb2 alleles in the rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | we report here the identification of three mhc-dpb2 alleles in the rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | 2018 | 29790277 |
| deficiency of prkd2 triggers hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders. | hyperinsulinemia is the earliest symptom of insulin resistance (ir), but a causal relationship between the two remains to be established. here we show that a protein kinase d2 (prkd2) nonsense mutation (k410x) in two rhesus monkeys with extreme hyperinsulinemia along with ir and metabolic defects by using extreme phenotype sampling and deep sequencing analyses. this mutation reduces prkd2 at both the mrna and the protein levels. taking advantage of a prkd2-ko mouse model, we demonstrate that prk ... | 2018 | 29789568 |
| investigating common coding of observed and executed actions in the monkey brain using cross-modal multi-variate fmri classification. | mirror neurons are generally described as a neural substrate hosting shared representations of actions, by simulating or 'mirroring' the actions of others onto the observer's own motor system. since single neuron recordings are rarely feasible in humans, it has been argued that cross-modal multi-variate pattern analysis (mvpa) of non-invasive fmri data is a suitable technique to investigate common coding of observed and executed actions, allowing researchers to infer the presence of mirror neuro ... | 2018 | 29787867 |