| immune priming and long-term persistence of memory b cells after inactivated poliovirus vaccine in macaque models: support for at least 2 doses. | as a risk-mitigation strategy to minimize paralytic polio following withdrawal of sabin type 2 from the oral poliovirus vaccine in april 2016, a single full dose or 2 fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) are recommended. however, limited knowledge exists on long-term persistence of immune memory following 1- or 2-dose ipv schedules. | 2018 | 30376091 |
| two case reports of unusual phimosis in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | phimosis is the inability of the penis to protrude from the prepuce. in the present report, we present two cases of phimosis in two rhesus monkeys. surgical enlargement of preputial orifice was performed for unrestricted movement of penis. the exact cause of this condition is unknown to us. | 2019 | 30375654 |
| static magnetic fields reduce epileptiform activity in anesthetized rat and monkey. | increasing evidence indicates that static magnetic fields (smf) reduce cortical activity in both human and animal models. the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of smf on epileptiform cortical activity, a condition related to an abnormal increase in neuronal excitability. the first experimental block included a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy, in which a magnetic neodymium nickel-plated cylinder, a magnetic field of 0.5 t, or "sham" were placed over the skull. in the second experim ... | 2018 | 30375430 |
| freestanding bipedal posture and coordinated bimanual manipulation significantly influence lateralized hand use in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | investigations of behavioral lateralization in nonhuman primates yield important insights into brain-behavior relationships. in turn, they provide clues about both proximal and distal factors that shape the development and expression of association between motor asymmetries and underlying neural substrates. nonhuman primates afford unique comparative opportunities to evaluate potential routes for the evolution of handedness, as well as to uncover relationships between behavioral lateralization a ... | 2019 | 30372106 |
| rates of human-macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban-dwelling rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free-ranging animals. here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | 2019 | 30368773 |
| microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status. | although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the united states, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome in infant immune development and vaccine responses, it is important to elucidate the impact of pediatric vaccines, including thimerosal-containing vaccines, on gut microbial structure and function. here, a no ... | 2018 | 30367140 |
| evidence for persistence of the shiv reservoir early after mhc haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | allogeneic transplantation (allo-hct) has led to the cure of hiv in one individual, raising the question of whether transplantation can eradicate the hiv reservoir. to test this, we here present a model of allo-hct in shiv-infected, cart-suppressed nonhuman primates. we infect rhesus macaques with shiv-1157ipd3n4, suppress them with cart, then transplant them using mhc-haploidentical allogeneic donors during continuous cart. transplant results in ~100% myeloid donor chimerism, and up to 100% t-c ... | 2018 | 30361514 |
| neonatal hippocampal lesions facilitate biconditional contextual discrimination learning in monkeys. | this study examined whether selective neonatal hippocampal lesions in monkeys (macaca mulatta), which left the surrounding cortical areas (parahippocampal cortex) intact, affect contextual learning and memory compared with controls. monkeys were tested with an automated touch-screen apparatus so that stimuli and contextual cues could be manipulated independently of one another. the data suggest that animals with neonatal hippocampal lesions have sparing of function with regard to contextual lear ... | 2018 | 30359064 |
| donor spermatogenesis in de novo formed seminiferous tubules from transplanted testicular cells in rhesus monkey testis. | can transplanted primate testicular cells form seminiferous tubules de novo, supporting complete spermatogenesis? | 2018 | 30358843 |
| perfusion of the placenta assessed using arterial spin labeling and ferumoxytol dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the rhesus macaque. | to investigate the correspondence between arterial spin labeling (asl) flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (fair) and ferumoxytol dce mri for the assessment of placental intervillous perfusion. | 2019 | 30357902 |
| natural history of postnatal rhesus cytomegalovirus shedding by dams and acquisition by infant rhesus monkeys. | human infants frequently acquire human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) through breastfeeding, resulting in persistent high-level viral shedding in saliva and urine and infectivity to others, including pregnant women. thus, vaccination to interrupt postnatal hcmv transmission is an attractive strategy to prevent hcmv spread and congenital infection. rhesus cmv (rhcmv) in nonhuman primates is a valuable model for the study of immune strategies to prevent cmv transmission. although rhesus monkeys typically ... | 2018 | 30356332 |
| encoding of reward and decoding movement from the frontal eye field during smooth pursuit eye movements. | expectation of reward potentiates sensorimotor transformations to drive vigorous movements. one of the main challenges in studying reward is to determine how representations of reward interact with the computations that drive behavior. we recorded activity in smooth pursuit neurons in the frontal eye field (fef) of two male rhesus monkeys while controlling the eye speed by manipulating either reward size or target speed. the neurons encoded the different reward conditions more strongly than the ... | 2018 | 30355635 |
| selective loss of thin spines in area 7a of the primate intraparietal sulcus predicts age-related working memory impairment. | brodmann area 7a of the parietal cortex is active during working memory tasks in humans and nonhuman primates, but the composition and density of dendritic spines in area 7a and their relevance both to working memory and cognitive aging remain unexplored. aged monkeys have impaired working memory, and we have previously shown that this age-induced cognitive impairment is partially mediated by a loss of thin spines in prefrontal cortex area 46, a critical area for working memory. because area 46 ... | 2018 | 30355632 |
| functional mri in macaque monkeys during task switching. | nonhuman primates have proven to be a valuable animal model for exploring neuronal mechanisms of cognitive control. one important aspect of executive control is the ability to switch from one task to another, and task-switching paradigms have often been used in human volunteers to uncover the underlying neuronal processes. to date, however, no study has investigated task-switching paradigms in nonhuman primates during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). we trained two rhesus macaques t ... | 2018 | 30355629 |
| diversity of macaque microbiota compared to the human counterparts. | studies on the microbial communities in non-human primate hosts provide unique insights in both evolution and function of microbes related to human health and diseases. using 16s rrna gene amplicon profiling, we examined the oral, anal and vaginal microbiota in a group of non-captive rhesus macaques (n = 116) and compared the compositions with the healthy communities from human microbiome project. the macaque microbiota was dominated by bacteroidetes, firmicutes and proteobacteria; however, ther ... | 2018 | 30349024 |
| bridging the species gap in translational research for neurodevelopmental disorders. | the prevalence and societal impact of neurodevelopmental disorders (ndds) continue to increase despite years of research in both patient populations and animal models. there remains an urgent need for translational efforts between clinical and preclinical research to (i) identify and evaluate putative causes of ndd, (ii) determine their underlying neurobiological mechanisms, (iii) develop and test novel therapeutic approaches, and (iv) translate basic research into safe and effective clinical pr ... | 2019 | 30347236 |
| impact of dengue virus serotype 2 strain diversity on serological immune responses to dengue. | dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four dengue virus serotypes (denv1-4) that are loosely categorized by sequence commonalities and antibody recognition profiles. the highly variable envelope protein (e) that is prominently displayed on the surface of denv is an essential component of vaccines currently under development, yet the impact of using single strains to represent each serotype in tetravalent vaccines has not been adequately studied. we synthesized chimeric e by replacing high ... | 2018 | 30347144 |
| antiretroviral concentrations and surrogate measures of efficacy in the brain tissue and csf of preclinical species. | 1. antiretroviral concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) are used as surrogate for brain tissue, although sparse data support this. we quantified antiretrovirals in brain tissue across preclinical models, compared them to csf, and calculated 90% inhibitory quotients (iq90) for nonhuman primate (nhp) brain tissue. spatial distribution of efavirenz was performed by mass-spectrometry imaging (msi). 2. hiv or rt-shiv-infected and uninfected animals from two humanized mouse models (hemopoietic-s ... | 2019 | 30346892 |
| comment on " in vivo [18f]ge-179 brain signal does not show nmda-specific modulation with drug challenges in rodents and nonhuman primates". | schoenberger and colleagues ( schoenberger et al. ( 2018 ) acs chem. neurosci. 9 , 298 - 305 ) recently reported attempts to demonstrate specific binding of the positron emission tomography (pet) radiotracer, [18f]ge-179, to nmda receptors in both rats and rhesus macaques. ge-179 did not work as expected in animal models; however, we disagree with the authors' conclusion that "the [18f]ge-179 signal seems to be largely nonspecific". it is extremely challenging to demonstrate specific binding for ... | 2019 | 30346706 |
| entrainment and maintenance of an internal metronome in supplementary motor area. | to prepare timely motor actions, we constantly predict future events. regularly repeating events are often perceived as a rhythm to which we can readily synchronize our movements, just as in dancing to music. however, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the capacity to encode and maintain rhythms are not understood. we trained nonhuman primates to maintain the rhythm of a visual metronome of diverse tempos and recorded neural activity in the supplementary motor area (sma). sma exhibited rhythmic ... | 2018 | 30346275 |
| a comparative analysis of gut microbiota disturbances in the gottingen minipig and rhesus macaque models of acute radiation syndrome following bioequivalent radiation exposures. | in rodent studies, the gut microbiota has been implicated in facilitating both radioresistance, by protecting the epithelium from apoptotic responses and radiosensitivity, inducing endothelial apoptotic responses. despite the observation that large animal models, such as the chinese rhesus macaque and the gottingen minipig, demonstrate similarity to human physiologic responses to radiation, little is known about radiation-induced changes of the gut microbiome in these models. to compare the two ... | 2018 | 30343431 |
| social stability influences the association between adrenal responsiveness and hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus macaques. | hair cortisol concentrations are increasingly being used in both humans and nonhuman animals as a biomarker of chronic stress. however, many details regarding how hair cortisol concentrations relate to the dynamic activity and regulation of the hpa axis are still unknown. the current study explores 1) how the regulation of the hpa axis in infancy relates to hair cortisol concentrations (hcc) in infancy 2) whether this relationship persists into adulthood under conditions of social stability, and ... | 2019 | 30342315 |
| preconditioning in the rhesus macaque induces a proteomic signature following cerebral ischemia that is associated with neuroprotection. | each year, thousands of patients are at risk of cerebral ischemic injury, due to iatrogenic responses to surgical procedures. prophylactic treatment of these patients as standard care could minimize potential neurological complications. we have shown that protection of brain tissue, in a non-human primate model of cerebral ischemic injury, is possible through pharmacological preconditioning using the immune activator d192935. we postulate that preconditioning with d192935 results in neuroprotect ... | 2019 | 30341719 |
| modeling large fluctuations of thousands of clones during hematopoiesis: the role of stem cell self-renewal and bursty progenitor dynamics in rhesus macaque. | in a recent clone-tracking experiment, millions of uniquely tagged hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) and progenitor cells were autologously transplanted into rhesus macaques and peripheral blood containing thousands of tags were sampled and sequenced over 14 years to quantify the abundance of hundreds to thousands of tags or "clones." two major puzzles of the data have been observed: consistent differences and massive temporal fluctuations of clone populations. the large sample-to-sample variabili ... | 2018 | 30335762 |
| acute infection and subsequent subclinical reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 after vaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection with a highly variable clinical course. many infections quickly become subclinical, with episodes of spontaneous virus reactivation. to study host-hsv-2 interactions, an animal model of subclinical hsv-2 infection is needed. in an effort to develop a relevant model, rhesus macaques (rm) were inoculated intravaginally with two or three hsv-2 strains (186, 333, and/or g) at a total dose of 1 × 107 pfu of hsv-2 per animal. in ... | 2019 | 30333177 |
| low level expression of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) associated with long-term nonprogression in siv-infected rhesus macaques. | abnormally increased immune activation is one of the main pathological features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this study aimed to determine whether long-term nonprogression (ltnp) suppresses the upregulation of immune activation and to elucidate the mechanisms whereby the ltnp state is maintained. | 2018 | 30326919 |
| analysis of igg anti-hev antibody protective levels during hepatitis e virus reinfection in experimentally infected rhesus macaques. | secondary spread of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occurs often in endemic settings in developing countries. the host immune signatures contributing to protection against subsequent hev reinfection are unknown. | 2019 | 30325442 |
| lawful tracking of visual motion in humans, macaques, and marmosets in a naturalistic, continuous, and untrained behavioral context. | much study of the visual system has focused on how humans and monkeys integrate moving stimuli over space and time. such assessments of spatiotemporal integration provide fundamental grounding for the interpretation of neurophysiological data, as well as how the resulting neural signals support perceptual decisions and behavior. however, the insights supported by classical characterizations of integration performed in humans and rhesus monkeys are potentially limited with respect to both general ... | 2018 | 30322919 |
| single-cell quantitation of mrna and surface protein expression in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cd4+ t cells isolated from rhesus macaques. | single-cell analysis is an important tool for dissecting heterogeneous populations of cells. the identification and isolation of rare cells can be difficult. to overcome this challenge, a methodology combining indexed flow cytometry and high-throughput multiplexed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) was developed. the objective was to identify and characterize simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected cells present within rhesus macaques. through quantitation of surface protein by f ... | 2018 | 30320741 |
| a comprehensive analysis of the t and b lymphocytes repertoire shaped by hiv vaccines. | the exploitation of various human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) vaccines has posed great challenges for the researchers in precisely evaluating the vaccine-induced immune responses, however, the understanding of vaccination response suffers from the lack of unbiased characterization of the immune landscape. the rapid development of high throughput sequencing (hts) makes it possible to scrutinize the extremely complicated immunological responses during vaccination. in the current study, t ... | 2018 | 30319643 |
| the role of the motor system in action understanding and communication: evidence from human infants and non-human primates. | there is growing evidence that activation of the motor system during observation of actions, a phenomenon first observed in non-human primates, underlies action understanding and even communication. this review (a) examines the evidence on motor system activity as an underlying neural correlate of action understanding; (b) reviews the theoretical and empirical work linking action understanding and the development of communication, with a specific focus on the role that gestures play as an interm ... | 2019 | 30315570 |
| comparative genome-wide survey of single nucleotide variation uncovers the genetic diversity and potential biomedical applications among six macaca species. | macaca is of great importance in evolutionary and biomedical research. aiming at elucidating genetic diversity patterns and potential biomedical applications of macaques, we characterized single nucleotide variations (snvs) of six macaca species based on the reference genome of macaca mulatta. using eight whole-genome sequences, representing the most comprehensive genomic snv study in macaca to date, we focused on discovery and comparison of nonsynonymous snvs (nssnvs) with bioinformatic tools. ... | 2018 | 30314376 |
| how we see the forest and the trees. | signaling pathways in the retina help us see spatial detail in our visual world. | 2018 | 30311913 |
| perceptual processing in the ventral visual stream requires area te but not rhinal cortex. | there is an on-going debate over whether area te, or the anatomically adjacent rhinal cortex, is the final stage of visual object processing. both regions have been implicated in visual perception, but their involvement in non-perceptual functions, such as short-term memory, hinders clear-cut interpretation. here, using a two-interval forced choice task without a short-term memory demand, we find that after bilateral removal of area te, monkeys trained to categorize images based on perceptual si ... | 2018 | 30311907 |
| cd8+ lymphocyte control of siv infection during antiretroviral therapy. | cd8+ lymphocytes play an important role in suppressing in vivo viral replication in hiv infection. however, both the extent to which and the mechanisms by which cd8+ lymphocytes contribute to viral control are not completely understood. a recent experiment depleted cd8+ lymphocytes in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaques (rms) on antiretroviral treatment (art) to study the role of cd8+ lymphocytes. cd8+ lymphocytes depletion resulted in temporary plasma viremia in all stu ... | 2018 | 30308068 |
| vista expression by microglia decreases during inflammation and is differentially regulated in cns diseases. | v-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of t-cell activation (vista) is a negative checkpoint regulator (ncr) involved in inhibition of t cell-mediated immunity. expression changes of other ncrs (pd-1, pd-l1/l2, ctla-4) during inflammation of the central nervous system (cns) were previously demonstrated, but vista expression in the cns has not yet been explored. here, we report that in the human and mouse cns, vista is most abundantly expressed by microglia, and to lower levels by end ... | 2018 | 30306644 |
| estrogens, aging, and working memory. | working memory (wm) is a key process that is integral to many complex cognitive tasks, and it declines significantly with advancing age. this review will survey recent evidence supporting the idea that the functioning of the wm system in women is modulated by circulating estrogens. | 2018 | 30306352 |
| evaluation of the novel pet tracer [11c]hach242 for imaging the glun2b nmda receptor in non-human primates. | there are currently no positron emission tomography (pet) radiotracers for the glun2b (nr2b) binding sites of brain n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors. in rats, the glun2b antagonist ro25-6981 reduced the binding of n-((5-(4-fluoro-2-[11c]methoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)cyclopentanamin ([11c]hach242). this paper reports the evaluation of [11c]hach242 pet in non-human primates at baseline and following administration of the glun2b negative allosteric modulator radiprodil. | 2019 | 30306318 |
| bone marrow-derived cd4+ t cells are depleted in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques and contribute to the size of the replication-competent reservoir. | the bone marrow (bm) is the key anatomic site for hematopoiesis and plays a significant role in the homeostasis of mature t cells. however, very little is known on the phenotype of bm-derived cd4+ t cells, their fate during simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection, and their contribution to viral persistence during antiretroviral therapy (art). in this study, we characterized the immunologic and virologic status of bm-derived cd4+ t cells in rhesus macaques prior to siv infection, during th ... | 2019 | 30305357 |
| system for scoring severity of acute radiation syndrome response in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | we developed a clinical assessment tool for use in an nhp radiation model to 1) quantify severity responses for subsyndromes of the acute radiation syndrome (ars; that is, hematopoietic and others) and 2) identify animals that required enhanced monitoring. our assessment tool was based primarily on the medical treatment protocols for radiation accident victims (metrepol) scoring system but was adapted for nhp to include additional indices (for example, behaviors) for use in nhp studies involving ... | 2018 | 30305197 |
| ongoing, rational calibration of reward-driven perceptual biases. | decision-making is often interpreted in terms of normative computations that maximize a particular reward function for stable, average behaviors. aberrations from the reward-maximizing solutions, either across subjects or across different sessions for the same subject, are often interpreted as reflecting poor learning or physical limitations. here we show that such aberrations may instead reflect the involvement of additional satisficing and heuristic principles. for an asymmetric-reward percept ... | 2018 | 30303484 |
| oral coadministration of an intramuscular dna/modified vaccinia ankara vaccine for simian immunodeficiency virus is associated with better control of infection in orally exposed infant macaques. | the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 infections in infants are acquired orally through breastfeeding. toward development of a pediatric hiv vaccine to prevent breastmilk transmission, we tested the efficacy of a simultaneous oral and intramuscular (im) vaccination regimen for preventing oral simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) transmission in infant rhesus macaques. two groups of neonatal macaques were immunized with dna encoding siv virus-like particles (dna-siv) on weeks 0 ... | 2019 | 30303405 |
| range, routing and kinetics of rod signaling in primate retina. | stimulus- or context-dependent routing of neural signals through parallel pathways can permit flexible processing of diverse inputs. for example, work in mouse shows that rod photoreceptor signals are routed through several retinal pathways, each specialized for different light levels. this light-level-dependent routing of rod signals has been invoked to explain several human perceptual results, but it has not been tested in primate retina. here, we show, surprisingly, that rod signals traverse ... | 2018 | 30299254 |
| baba-mediated adherence of pediatric ulcerogenic h. pylori strains to gastric mucins at neutral and acidic ph. | helicobacter pylori infection can result in non-ulcer dyspepsia (nud), peptic ulcer disease (pud), adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. h. pylori reside within the gastric mucus layer, mainly composed of mucins carrying an array of glycan structures that can serve as bacterial adhesion epitopes. the aim of the present study was to characterize the binding ability, adhesion modes, and growth of h. pylori strains from pediatric patients with nud and pud to gastric mucins. our results showed an in ... | 2018 | 30298790 |
| low-ranking individuals present high and unstable fecal cortisol levels in provisioned free-ranging adult male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) during the birth season in a mountain area of northern china. | social hierarchy commonly exists in animal societies, affecting both the endocrine functioning and the behavior of animals. in nonhuman primates, the relationship between social rank and cortisol levels varies across species and even within species. here, we assessed the relationships between social rank and fecal cortisol levels in adult male taihangshan macaques (rhesus macaques, macaca mulatta tcheliensis) from the provisioned, free-ranging wulongkou-2 (wlk-2) group inhabiting wulongkou sceni ... | 2018 | 30298460 |
| sex differences in rhesus monkeys' digit ratio (2d:4d ratio) and its association with maternal social dominance rank. | prenatal androgen exposure (pae) plays a pivotal role in masculinizing the developing body and brain, and extreme exposure may contribute to autism, anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. one commonly used biomarker for pae is the pointer-to-ring-finger digit length (2d:4d) ratio. although this biomarker is widely used in human studies, relatively few studies have investigated 2d:4d ratio in nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), one of the most commonly used animals in b ... | 2018 | 30297989 |
| intranasal oxytocin in rhesus monkeys alters brain networks that detect social salience and reward. | in primates, resting state functional neuroimaging (rsfcmri) has identified several large-scale, intrinsic brain networks, including the salience network (sn), which is involved in detecting stimulus salience. intranasal oxytocin (in-ot) has been shown to modulate the salience and rewarding quality of social stimuli in mammals and numerous studies have shown that it can affect the functional connectivity between brain regions. less is known, however, about how these effects unfold over time foll ... | 2018 | 30295946 |
| prenatal bisphenol a exposure alters epithelial cell composition in the rhesus macaque fetal oviduct. | bisphenol a (bpa) is an endocrine disrupting compound that is a pervasive environmental contaminant. although it has been reported to affect the development of a variety of fetal reproductive tissues, data on the effect of fetal bpa exposure on oviducts were extremely limited and were only available in mice. to determine if there are adverse effects of gestational bpa exposure on fetal oviduct, we exposed pregnant rhesus macaques with female fetuses to oral or nonoral bpa during the last trimest ... | 2019 | 30295897 |
| effects of aging and environmental tobacco smoke exposure on ocular and plasma circulatory micrornas in the rhesus macaque. | to identify changes induced by environmental tobacco smoke (ets) in circulatory microrna (mirna) in plasma and ocular fluids of the rhesus macaque and compare these changes to normal age-related changes. tobacco smoke has been identified as the leading environmental risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (amd). | 2018 | 30294202 |
| lipidomics reveals a systemic energy deficient state that precedes neurotoxicity in neonatal monkeys after sevoflurane exposure. | although numerous studies have raised public concerns regarding the safety of anesthetics including sevoflurane in children, the biochemical mechanisms leading to anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity remain elusive. moreover, potential biomarker(s) for early detection of general anesthetics-induced brain injury are urgent for public health. we employed an enabling technology of shotgun lipidomics and analyzed nearly 20 classes and subclasses of lipids present in the blood serum of postnatal day (pn ... | 2018 | 30292318 |
| gustatory responses in macaque monkeys revealed with fmri: comments on taste, taste preference, and internal state. | studies of the neural mechanisms underlying value-based decision making typically employ food or fluid rewards to motivate subjects to perform cognitive tasks. rewards are often treated as interchangeable, but it is well known that the specific tastes of foods and fluids and the values associated with their taste sensations influence choices and contribute to overall levels of food consumption. accordingly, we characterized the gustatory system in three macaque monkeys (macaca mulatta) and exami ... | 2019 | 30291973 |
| rhesus macaque brain atlas regions aligned to an mri template. | to aid in the analysis of rhesus macaque brain images, we aligned digitized anatomical regions from the widely used atlas of paxinos et al. to a published magnetic resonance imaging (mri) template based on a large number of subjects. digitally labelled atlas images were aligned to the template in 2d and then in 3d. the resulting grey matter regions appear qualitatively to be well registered to the template. to quantitatively validate the procedure, mr brain images of 20 rhesus macaques were alig ... | 2019 | 30291569 |
| instantaneous midbrain control of saccade velocity. | the ability to interact with our environment requires the brain to transform spatially represented sensory signals into temporally encoded motor commands for appropriate control of the relevant effectors. for visually guided eye movements, or saccades, the superior colliculus (sc) is assumed to be the final stage of spatial representation, and instantaneous control of the movement is achieved through a rate code representation in the lower brain stem. we investigated whether sc activity in nonhu ... | 2018 | 30291204 |
| pharmacokinetic testing of a first-generation cabotegravir prodrug in rhesus macaques. | : long-acting antiretrovirals can improve therapy and prevention for hiv-1 infection. current long-acting cabotegravir (cab lap) can be administered every other month. previously, we demonstrated that a myristoylated cab prodrug encased in poloxamer 407 provided extended plasma drug concentrations. we now demonstrate that this first-generation nanoformulated prodrug can sustain plasma cab concentrations above the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration for 4 months in rhesus macaques. a 2. ... | 2019 | 30289818 |
| helicobacter pylori induces intracellular galectin-8 aggregation around damaged lysosomes within gastric epithelial cells in a host o-glycan-dependent manner. | galectin-8, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is upregulated in the gastric tissues of rhesus macaques infected with helicobacter pylori. in this study, we found that h. pylori infection triggers intracellular galectin-8 aggregation in human-derived ags gastric epithelial cells, and that these aggregates colocalize with lysosomes. notably, this aggregation is markedly reduced following the attenuation of host o-glycan processing. this indicates that h. pylori infection induces lysosomal damage, ... | 2019 | 30289459 |
| antibody and tlr7 agonist delay viral rebound in shiv-infected monkeys. | the latent viral reservoir is the critical barrier for the development of a cure for hiv-1 infection. previous studies have shown direct antiviral activity of potent hiv-1 env-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) administered when antiretroviral therapy (art) was discontinued, but it remains unclear whether bnabs can target the viral reservoir during art. here we show that administration of the v3 glycan-dependent bnab pgt121 together with the toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) agonist vesa ... | 2018 | 30283138 |
| a novel neutralizing antibody specific to the de loop of vp1 can inhibit ev-d68 infection in mice. | enterovirus d68 (ev-d68) belongs to the picornavirus family and was first isolated in ca, usa, in 1962. ev-d68 can cause severe cranial nerve system damage such as flaccid paralysis and acute respiratory diseases such as pneumonia. there are currently no efficient therapeutic methods or effective prophylactics. in this study, we isolated the mab a6-1 from an ev-d68-infected rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and found that the ab provided effective protection in ev-d68 intranasally infected sucklin ... | 2018 | 30282753 |
| nonlinear lateral interactions in v1 population responses explained by a contrast gain control model. | how do cortical responses to local image elements combine to form a spatial pattern of population activity in primate v1? here, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging, which measures summed membrane potential activity, to examine the rules that govern lateral interactions between the representations of two small local-oriented elements in macaque (macaca mulatta) v1. we find strong subadditive and mostly orientation-independent interactions for nearby elements [2-4 mm interelement cortical distan ... | 2018 | 30282725 |
| using preferred fluids and different reward schedules to motivate rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in cognitive tasks. | rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) used in behavioural neuroscience are often required to complete cognitively complex tasks, for which a high level of motivation is essential. to induce motivation, researchers may implement fluid-restriction protocols, whereby freely available water is limited, such that fluid can be used as a reward in the laboratory. a variety of different rewards and schedules are used, but there exists a lack of data assessing their effectiveness. in this study, we aimed to q ... | 2019 | 30282500 |
| standard growth and diarrhea-associated growth faltering in captive infant rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | reference growth studies of captive rhesus macaque infants have not accounted for diarrhea and the potential for growth stunting or growth faltering. healthy infants without diarrhea could be used to build a standard growth chart and a tool used to detect growth faltering associated with diarrhea. we hypothesized infants who develop diarrhea during the first year of life would experience decreased linear weight gain compared to healthy infants, and we used healthy infants to establish standard g ... | 2018 | 30281825 |
| opportunities and challenges for intranasal oxytocin treatment studies in nonhuman primates. | nonhuman primates provide a human-relevant experimental model system to explore the mechanisms by which oxytocin (ot) regulates social processing and inform its clinical applications. here, we highlight contributions of the nonhuman primate model to our understanding of ot treatment and address unique challenges in administering ot to awake behaving primates. prior preclinical research utilizing macaque monkeys has demonstrated that ot can modulate perception of other individuals and their expre ... | 2018 | 30281820 |
| periodontal disease susceptible matrilines in the cayo santiago macaca mulatta macaques. | the expression of periodontitis, including age of onset, extent, and severity is considered to represent an interaction of the individual's oral microbiome and host response to the microbial challenge that is modified by both genetics and environmental factors. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of periodontitis in a population of nonhuman primates, to document features of familial distribution that could reflect heritability and transmission of microbes with enhanced virule ... | 2019 | 30277577 |
| comparison of sampling methods for profiling cervicovaginal microbiome in rhesus macaques. | cervicovaginal bacteria cause inflammation which in turn increases hiv risk. profiling the cervicovaginal microbiome, therefore, is instrumental for vaccine development. we show that the microbiome profile captured by cervicovaginal lavage is comparable to samples obtained by vaginal swabs. thus, lavage may serve as a sampling strategy in nhp vaccine studies. | 2019 | 30277264 |
| early developmental trajectories of functional connectivity along the visual pathways in rhesus monkeys. | early social interactions shape the development of social behavior, although the critical periods or the underlying neurodevelopmental processes are not completely understood. here, we studied the developmental changes in neural pathways underlying visual social engagement in the translational rhesus monkey model. changes in functional connectivity (fc) along the ventral object and motion pathways and the dorsal attention/visuo-spatial pathways were studied longitudinally using resting-state fun ... | 2019 | 30272135 |
| neural activity predicts reaction in primates long before a behavioral response. | how neural activity is linked to behavior is a critical question in neural engineering and cognitive neurosciences. it is crucial to predict behavior as early as possible, to plan a machine response in real-time brain computer interactions. however, previous studies have studied the neural readout of behavior only within a short time before the action is performed. this leaves unclear, if the neural activity long before a decision could predict the upcoming behavior. by recording extracellular n ... | 2018 | 30271333 |
| lorcaserin decreases the reinforcing effects of heroin, but not food, in rhesus monkeys. | preclinical studies indicate that lorcaserin (belviq®), an fda-approved serotonin 2 c receptor agonist, may be a promising medication for the treatment of stimulant addiction. however, few studies have investigated its effects on self-administration of drugs of abuse from other pharmacological classes, including opioids. here, adult male rhesus macaques (n = 3) responded under a fixed ratio 30 schedule of food (1-g banana-flavored pellets) and iv heroin delivery. following stable self-administra ... | 2018 | 30268662 |
| evaluation of the safety and efficacy of soft tissue augmentation with a compressive-resistant collagen matrix in a nonhuman primate model. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the compression-resistant collagen-based cross-linked matrix for augmentation of maxillary and mandibular soft tissue defects in an animal model. | 2019 | 30267705 |
| long-term safety outcome of systemic immunosuppression in pig-to-nonhuman primate corneal xenotransplantation. | safety concerns exist for corneal recipients under immunosuppression. we report long-term safety results of porcine corneal xenotransplantation under immunosuppression in nonhuman primates. | 2018 | 30264877 |
| hallmarks of primate lentiviral immunodeficiency infection recapitulate loss of innate lymphoid cells. | innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) play critical roles in mucosal barrier defense and tissue homeostasis. while ilcs are depleted in hiv-1 infection, this phenomenon is not a generalized feature of all viral infections. here we show in untreated siv-infected rhesus macaques (rms) that ilc3s are lost rapidly in mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), yet preserved in siv+ rms with pharmacologic or natural control of viremia. in healthy uninfected rms, experimental depletion of cd4+ t cells in combination with d ... | 2018 | 30262807 |
| a brief review-epr dosimetry and the use of animal teeth as dosimeters. | the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry using tooth enamel was established in the late 1960s, and considerable research has been conducted to learn more about the benefits of using human teeth as dosimeters for the purpose of retrospective dose reconstruction. comparatively few studies have been done which have investigated animal teeth for the same purpose. the potential exists for utilizing animal teeth as dosimeters to reconstruct doses received by a species, as well as by ... | 2018 | 30260850 |
| neuroprotective efficacy of p7c3 compounds in primate hippocampus. | there is a critical need for translating basic science discoveries into new therapeutics for patients suffering from difficult to treat neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. previously, a target-agnostic in vivo screen in mice identified p7c3 aminopropyl carbazole as capable of enhancing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis by protecting young neurons from death. subsequently, neuroprotective efficacy of p7c3 compounds in a broad spectrum of preclinical rodent models has also ... | 2018 | 30258178 |
| indirect activation of rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) nk cells in oral and mucosal draining lymph nodes. | the oral mucosae and draining lymph nodes are primary entry points for invading pathogens, particularly during immunosuppressive hiv/siv infections. innate immunity against oral stimuli, including natural killer (nk) cells, is understudied. herein, we demonstrate functional nk cell responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) of potential oral pathogens in rhesus macaques. | 2018 | 30256418 |
| griffithsin carrageenan fast dissolving inserts prevent shiv hsv-2 and hpv infections in vivo. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) strategies with proven in vivo efficacy rely on antiretroviral drugs, creating the potential for drug resistance and complicated treatment options in individuals who become infected. moreover, on-demand products are currently missing from the prep development portfolio. griffithsin (grft) is a non-antiretroviral hiv entry inhibitor derived from red algae with an excellent safety profile and potent activity in vitro. when combined ... | 2018 | 30250170 |
| specificity of primate amygdalar pathways to hippocampus. | the amygdala projects to hippocampus in pathways through which affective or social stimuli may influence learning and memory. we investigated the still unknown amygdalar termination patterns and their postsynaptic targets in hippocampus from system to synapse in rhesus monkeys of both sexes. the amygdala robustly innervated the stratum lacunosum-moleculare layer of cornu ammonis fields and uncus anteriorly. sparser terminations in posterior hippocampus innervated the radiatum and pyramidal layer ... | 2018 | 30249799 |
| improved tolerability of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium live-attenuated vaccine strain achieved by balancing inflammatory potential with immunogenicity. | a notable proportion of salmonella-associated gastroenteritis in the united states is attributed to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we have previously shown that live-attenuated s typhimurium vaccine candidate cvd 1921 (i77 δguaba δclpp) was safe and immunogenic in rhesus macaques but was shed for an undesirably long time postimmunization. in mice, occasional mortality postvaccination was also noted (approximately 1 in every 15 mice). here we describe a further attenuated vaccine candid ... | 2018 | 30249748 |
| annotation and functional clustering of circrna expression in rhesus macaque brain during aging. | the abundance and function of circular rnas (circrnas) in mammalian brain have been reported, but their alterations in the biology of brain aging remain elusive. here, using deep rna profiling with linear rna digestion by rnase r we explored a comprehensive map of changes in circrna expression in rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) brain in two age groups from adult (10 y) to aged (20 y) periods. total 17,050 well expressed, stable circrnas were identified. cluster analysis reveals that dynamic chan ... | 2018 | 30245844 |
| s-plot2: rapid visual and statistical analysis of genomic sequences. | with the daily release of data from whole genome sequencing projects, tools to facilitate comparative studies are hard-pressed to keep pace. graphical software solutions can readily recognize synteny by measuring similarities between sequences. nevertheless, regions of dissimilarity can prove to be equally informative; these regions may harbor genes acquired via lateral gene transfer (lgt), signify gene loss or gain, or include coding regions under strong selection. previously, we developed the ... | 2018 | 30245567 |
| immunomodulatory effects of rhesus monkey bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in serum-free conditions. | mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) have generated tremendous interest for treating various diseases due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacities. many studies have demonstrated the immunoregulatory capability of mscs; however, most of these studies were conducted with fetal bovine serum (fbs), which has an uncertain composition. in this study, we established a serum-free, xeno-free, completely chemically defined medium for the proliferation and expansion of rhesus monkey bone marrow (bm)- ... | 2018 | 30245347 |
| ebola virus causes intestinal tract architectural disruption and bacterial invasion in non-human primates. | in the 2014⁻2016 west africa ebola virus (ebov) outbreak, there was a significant concern raised about the potential for secondary bacterial infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract, which led to the empiric treatment of many patients with antibiotics. this retrospective pathology case series summarizes the gastrointestinal pathology observed in control animals in the rhesus ebov-kikwit intramuscular 1000 plaque forming unit infection model. all 31 non-human primates (nhps) exhibite ... | 2018 | 30241284 |
| combination anti-pd-1 and antiretroviral therapy provides therapeutic benefit against siv. | therapeutic strategies that augment antiviral immunity and reduce the viral reservoir are critical to achieving durable remission of hiv. the coinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (pd-1) regulates cd8+ t cell dysfunction during chronic hiv and siv infections. we previously demonstrated that in vivo blockade of pd-1 during chronic siv infection improves the function of antiviral cd8+ t cells and b cells. here, we tested the immunological and virological effects of pd-1 blockade combined with a ... | 2018 | 30232277 |
| diversification of bw4 specificity and recognition of a nonclassical mhc class i molecule implicated in maternal-fetal tolerance by killer cell ig-like receptors of the rhesus macaque. | the rhesus macaque is an important animal model for aids and other infectious diseases; however, studies to address nk cell function in this species have been limited by the lack of defined ligands for killer cell ig-like receptors (kirs). to identify ligands for rhesus macaque kirs, we adopted a novel approach based on a pair of stable cell lines. nfat-responsive luciferase reporter cell lines expressing the extracellular domains of macaque kirs fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain ... | 2018 | 30232137 |
| monocyte and alveolar macrophage skewing is associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a primate model of hiv infection. | we investigated the relationship of monocytes, alveolar, and tissue-resident macrophage populations and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) in a nonhuman primate model of hiv infection. a prospective study of simian immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (siv-pah) was done. rhesus macaques (n = 21) were infected with siv. blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), and lung tissue were analyzed for monocyte and macrophage phenotypes and inflammator ... | 2019 | 30229666 |
| mir-1303 regulates bbb permeability and promotes cns lesions following ca16 infections by directly targeting mmp9. | coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) is a member of the picornaviridae family and causes mild and self-limiting hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in infants and young children. ca16 infection can also progress to central nervous system (cns) complications; however, the underlying mechanism by which ca16 penetrates the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and then causes cns damage remains unclear. this study aimed to explore the mechanism of ca16 neurotropic tropism by establishing an in vitro bbb model with ca16 ... | 2018 | 30228270 |
| blood-brain barrier transport, plasma pharmacokinetics, and neuropathology following chronic treatment of the rhesus monkey with a brain penetrating humanized monoclonal antibody against the human transferrin receptor. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the blood-brain barrier (bbb) transferrin receptor (tfr) is a potential agent for delivery of biologic drugs to the brain across the bbb. however, to date, no tfrmab has been tested with chronic dosing in a primate model. a humanized tfrmab against the human (h) tfr1, which cross reacts with the primate tfr, was genetically engineered with high affinity (ed50 = 0.18 ± 0.04 nm) for the human tfr type 1 (tfr1). for acute dosing, the htfrmab was tritiated and inj ... | 2018 | 30226787 |
| seroepidemiology of burkholderia pseudomallei, etiologic agent of melioidosis, in the ouest and sud-est departments of haiti. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, has been hypothesized to be endemic throughout the caribbean, including the impoverished nation of haiti. however, because of the protean clinical manifestations, presence of asymptomatic infections, and limited medical diagnostic capacity, the identification of active melioidosis cases remains challenging. a seroepidemiological study was conducted using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies toward ... | 2018 | 30226137 |
| neutrophil vaccination dynamics and their capacity to mediate b cell help in rhesus macaques. | neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte and play a critical role in the initial response to an ag. recently, their ability to contribute to adaptive immunity has been highlighted. we evaluated the ability of neutrophils from blood to contribute to the adaptive immune response in a preclinical rhesus macaque siv vaccine trial. replication-competent adenovirus-siv recombinants induced neutrophil activation, b cell help markers, and enhanced ability to generate reactive oxygen species. boosting ... | 2018 | 30217830 |
| characterization of spontaneously-developed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aged rhesus monkeys. | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is a global epidemic afflicting 20-30% in the general population. the animal model of nafld available at the present are less clinically relevant. in this study. we aimed to establish a nafld model of rhesus monkeys and develop an ultrasonographic steatosis score (uss) system to grade hepatic steatosis in this model. | 2018 | 30214501 |
| evaluation of a pet radioligand to image o-glcnacase in brain and periphery of rhesus monkey and knock-out mouse. | accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, a microtubule-associated protein, plays an important role in the progression of alzheimer disease. animal studies suggest that one strategy for treating alzheimer disease and related tauopathies may be inhibition of o-glcnacase (oga), which may subsequently decrease pathologic tau phosphorylation. here, we report the pharmacokinetics of a novel pet radioligand, 18f-lsn3316612, which binds with high affinity and selectivity to oga. methods: pet imaging was ... | 2019 | 30213846 |
| preclinical pharmacology in the rhesus monkey of cw 1759-50, a new ultra-short acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, degraded and antagonized by l-cysteine. | what this article tells us that is new: background:: structure-activity studies were performed to identify a new neuromuscular blocking agent retaining the ultra-short acting characteristics of gantacurium, including degradation and reversal by l-cysteine, but lacking its histaminoid properties in man. cw 1759-50 has emerged from this program. | 2018 | 30212413 |
| sex differences in the effectiveness of buprenorphine to decrease rates of responding in rhesus monkeys. | sex differences in μ-opioid receptor (mor) agonist-induced antinociception have been reported in nonhuman primates. the degree to which μ-opioid receptor agonist sex differences in nonhuman primates extend to other behavioral endpoints remains unknown. the present study compared the behavioral effects of three mor ligands (fentanyl, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) that varied in efficacy to stimulate [s]-gtpγs binding (from highest to lowest: fentanyl, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) in male and f ... | 2019 | 30212383 |
| the contribution of primary auditory cortex to auditory categorization in behaving monkeys. | the specific contribution of core auditory cortex to auditory perception -such as categorization- remains controversial. to identify a contribution of the primary auditory cortex (a1) to perception, we recorded a1 activity while monkeys reported whether a temporal sequence of tone bursts was heard as having a "small" or "large" frequency difference. we found that a1 had frequency-tuned responses that habituated, independent of frequency content, as this auditory sequence unfolded over time. we a ... | 2018 | 30210282 |
| parent-offspring facial resemblance increases with age in rhesus macaques. | kin recognition is a key ability which facilitates the acquisition of inclusive fitness benefits and enables optimal outbreeding. in primates, phenotype matching is considered particularly important for the recognition of patrilineal relatives, as information on paternity is unlikely to be available via social familiarity. phenotypic cues to both paternal and maternal relatedness exist in the facial features of humans and other primates. however, theoretical models suggest that in systems with u ... | 2018 | 30209226 |
| iop, iop transient impulse, ocular perfusion pressure, and mean arterial pressure relationships in nonhuman primates instrumented with telemetry. | to characterize relationships between intraocular pressure (iop), mean arterial pressure (map), ocular perfusion pressure (opp), iop transient impulse, and iop baseline impulse using continuous telemetry in nonhuman primates. | 2018 | 30208417 |
| context-dependent tactile texture-sensitivity in monkey m1 and s1 cortex. | caudal primary motor cortex (m1, area 4) is sensitive to cutaneous inputs, but the extent to which the physical details of complex stimuli are encoded is not known. we investigated the sensitivity of m1 neurons (4 macaca mulatta monkeys) to textured stimuli (smooth/rough or rough/rougher) during the performance of a texture discrimination task and, for some cells, during a no-task condition (same surfaces; no response). the recordings were made from the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ... | 2018 | 30207868 |
| a simultaneous oral and intramuscular prime/sublingual boost with a dna/modified vaccinia ankara viral vector-based vaccine induces simian immunodeficiency virus-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses in juvenile rhesus macaques. | a pediatric vaccine to prevent breast milk transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may generate greater immune responses at viral entry sites if given by an oral route. | 2018 | 30204253 |
| limited pulmonary mucosal-associated invariant t cell accumulation and activation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques. | mucosal-associated invariant t cells (maits) are positioned in airways and may be important in the pulmonary cellular immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, particularly prior to priming of peptide-specific t cells. accordingly, there is interest in the possibility that boosting maits through tuberculosis (tb) vaccination may enhance protection, but mait responses in the lungs during tuberculosis are poorly understood. in this study, we compared pulmonary mait and peptide- ... | 2018 | 30201702 |
| the effects of breastfeeding versus formula-feeding on cerebral cortex maturation in infant rhesus macaques. | breastfeeding is positively associated with several outcomes reflecting early brain development and cognitive functioning. brain neuroimaging studies have shown that exclusively breastfed children have increased white matter and subcortical gray matter volume compared to formula-fed children. however, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of nutrition in breast milk from other confounding factors that affect brain development, particularly in studies of human subjects. among the nutrients p ... | 2019 | 30201462 |
| ascites formation accompanied by portal vein thrombosis after porcine islet xenotransplantation via the portal vein in rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | pig-to-nonhuman primate (nhp) islet transplantation has been widely conducted as a preclinical xenotransplantation model prior to human clinical trial. portal vein thrombosis is one of the complications associated with islet infusion through the portal vein into the liver. here, we briefly report severe case of ascites formation accompanied by portal vein thrombi after pig-to-nhp islet xenotransplantation in a rhesus monkey. meticulous prophylactic treatment such as continuous heparin infusion s ... | 2019 | 30194788 |
| effect of season on 25-oh vitamin d in serum of rhesus monkeys housed in puerto rico. | vitamin d blood levels have been shown to be partially dependent upon season in temperate climates, however, this same evaluation has not yet been reported in fully tropical climates. herein, we assessed the vitamin d levels in the blood of rhesus monkeys housed at the puerto rico caribbean primate research center collected in the island's "summer"(may-october) and "winter" (november-april) months. | 2018 | 30188557 |
| effects of long-term high-fat food or methamphetamine intake and serotonin 2c receptors on reversal learning in female rhesus macaques. | perseverative behavior has been highly implicated in addiction. activation of serotonin 2c receptors (5-ht2crs) attenuates cocaine and high caloric food intake, but whether a 5-ht2cr agonist can reduce high caloric diet (hcd) or methamphetamine (meth) intake and response perseveration remains unknown. clarifying the role of 5-ht2crs in these behaviors will improve knowledge of neurochemical processes that regulate flexible decision-making and whether improvements in decision-making are accompani ... | 2019 | 30188516 |