| toward a standardized test of fearful temperament in primates: a sensitive alternative to the human intruder task for laboratory-housed rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | standardized and sensitive tests to assess differences in temperament among primates housed in captivity are essential for monitoring welfare and improving science outcomes through reduced noise in data. fearful temperament in primates has traditionally been assessed using the human intruder test (hit) in which duration of bodily freeze in response to approach by an unknown human is measured. the hit is susceptible to variation between facilities in execution, interpretation of data and could be ... | 2019 | 31139115 |
| neuroinflammatory changes in relation to cerebrospinal fluid viral load in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. | the exact cause of neurocognitive dysfunction in hiv-positive patients despite successful control of the infection in the periphery is not completely understood. one suggested mechanism is a vicious cycle of microglial activation and release of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines that eventually leads to neuronal loss and dysfunction. however, the exact role of microglial activation in the earliest stages of the infection with high cerebrospinal fluid (csf) viral loads (vl) is unclear. in this ... | 2019 | 31138753 |
| simultaneous coinfection of macaques with zika and dengue viruses does not enhance acute plasma viremia but leads to activation of monocyte subsets and biphasic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. | the consequences of simultaneous infection with zika (zikv) and dengue (denv) viruses are poorly understood. here we show that rhesus macaques experimentally coinfected simultaneously with zikv and denv-2 demonstrated zikv or denv replication without an enhancement of either infection. coinfection was accompanied by an increase in the proportions of cd14+cd16+ pro-inflammatory subsets of monocytes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma. numerous cytokines such as i-tac, eotaxin, ... | 2019 | 31133721 |
| monkey recovery from spinal cord hemisection: nerve repair strategies for rhesus macaques. | repair of spinal cord injury (sci) using peripheral nerve graft (png) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (afgf) has shown promising results in rats and a few human patients, but not in nonhuman primates. the aim of this study was to verify the effective use of png and afgf for repairing incomplete sci in nonhuman primates. | 2019 | 31132502 |
| lentiviral vector-mediated expression of exoenzyme c3 transferase lowers intraocular pressure in monkeys. | primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) is considered a lifelong disease characterized by optic nerve deterioration and visual field damage. although the disease progression can usually be controlled by lowering the intraocular pressure (iop), therapeutic effects of current approaches do not last long. gene therapy could be a promising method for persistent treatment of the disease. our previous study demonstrated that gene transfer of exoenzyme c3 transferase (c3) to the trabecular meshwork (tm) to ... | 2019 | 31129118 |
| dose-dependent effects of chronic alcohol drinking on peripheral immune responses. | it is well established that chronic heavy alcohol drinking (chd) results in significant organ damage, increased susceptibility to infections, and poor outcomes following injury. in contrast, chronic moderate drinking (cmd) has been associated with improved cardiovascular health and immunity. these differential outcomes have been linked to alterations in both innate and adaptive branches of the immune system; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. to address this question, we determine ... | 2019 | 31127176 |
| alopecia in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): association with pregnancy and chronic stress. | alopecia in captive non-human primates is often presented as a welfare issue. however, it is a complex condition with a number of possible causes. the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of pregnancy and hair cortisol concentrations on alopecia in rhesus macaques. | 2019 | 31124179 |
| conservation of molecular and cellular phenotypes of invariant nkt cells between humans and non-human primates. | invariant nkt (inkt) cells in both humans and non-human primates are activated by the glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide (α-galcer). however, the extent to which the molecular mechanisms of antigen recognition and in vivo phenotypes of inkt cells are conserved among primate species has not been determined. using an evolutionary genetic approach, we found a lack of diversifying selection in cd1 genes over 45 million years of evolution, which stands in stark contrast to the history of the mh ... | 2019 | 31123763 |
| preserved extrastriate visual network in a monkey with substantial, naturally occurring damage to primary visual cortex. | lesions of primary visual cortex (v1) lead to loss of conscious visual perception with significant impact on human patients. understanding the neural consequences of such damage may aid the development of rehabilitation methods. in this rare case of a rhesus macaque (monkey s), likely born without v1, the animal's in-group behaviour was unremarkable, but visual task training was impaired. with multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging, visual structures outside of the lesion appeared normal. visual ... | 2019 | 31120417 |
| lack of susceptibility in neonatally infected rhesus macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus-induced encephalitis. | despite combination antiretroviral therapies making hiv a chronic rather than terminal condition for many people, the prevalence of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand) is increasing. this is especially problematic for children living with hiv. children diagnosed hand rarely display the hallmark pathology of hiv encephalitis in adults, namely infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the brain. this finding has also been documented in rhesus macaques infected perinatally w ... | 2019 | 31119711 |
| isolation and strategies of novel tetranucleotide microsatellites with polymorphisms from different chromosomes of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | a total of 45 tetranucleotide chromosome-specific microsatellite markers with polymorphism were developed successfully based on three reference rhesus monkey genomes and on in-silico pcr prescreening. the polymorphic information content (pic) values of 45 polymorphic microsatellite loci ranged from 0.487 to 0.879, with an average of 0.715, which were proven to be moderate to highly polymorphic. we detected 315 alleles on 45 microsatellite loci in 24 rhesus monkeys. the number of alleles ranged f ... | 2019 | 31119442 |
| epha7 functions as receptor on bjab cells for cell-to-cell transmission of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and for cell-free infection by the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the causative agent of kaposi's sarcoma and is associated with two b cell malignancies, primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and the plasmablastic variant of multicentric castleman's disease. on several adherent cell types, epha2 functions as a cellular receptor for the gh/gl glycoprotein complex of kshv. kshv gh/gl also has previously been found to interact weakly with other members of the eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ephs), and other a-t ... | 2019 | 31118261 |
| effects of early life stress on cocaine self-administration in post-pubertal male and female rhesus macaques. | early life stress (els), including childhood maltreatment, is a predictive factor for the emergence of cocaine use disorders (cuds) in adolescence. | 2019 | 31115612 |
| cannabinoid attenuation of intestinal inflammation in chronic siv-infected rhesus macaques involves t cell modulation and differential expression of micro-rnas and pro-inflammatory genes. | cannabis use is frequent in hiv-infected individuals for its appetite stimulation and anti-inflammatory effects. to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these effects, we simultaneously profiled micro-rna (mirna) and mrna expression in the colon of chronically simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaques administered either vehicle (veh/siv; n = 9) or δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc; thc/siv; n = 8). pro-inflammatory mir-130a, mir-222, and mir-29b, lipopol ... | 2019 | 31114576 |
| mucosal t follicular helper cells in siv-infected rhesus macaques: contributing role of il-27. | mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), that drain the large and small intestine, are critical sites for the induction of oral tolerance. although depletion of cd4 t cells in the intestinal lamina propria is a hallmark of hiv infection, cd4 t cell dynamics in mlns is less known due to the lack of accessibility to these lns. we demonstrate the early loss of memory cd4 t cells, including t follicular helper cells (tfh) and a remodeling of mln architecture in siv-infected rhesus macaques (rms). along with t ... | 2019 | 31114010 |
| thalamus exhibits less sensory variability quenching than cortex. | spiking activity exhibits a large degree of variability across identical trials, which has been shown to be significantly reduced by stimulus onset in a wide range of cortical areas. whether similar dynamics apply to the thalamus and in particular to the pulvinar is largely unknown. here, we examined electrophysiological recordings from two adult rhesus macaques performing a perceptual task and comparatively investigated trial-to-trial variability in higher-order thalamus (ventral and dorsal pul ... | 2019 | 31110242 |
| early social stress promotes inflammation and disease risk in rhesus monkeys. | early social stress has potent lifelong health effects. we examined the association of early stress in the attachment relationship (low maternal sensitivity, low ms), lower maternal social hierarchy rank, and greater frequency of group-level social conflict, with biomarkers of inflammatory stress response in plasma (il-8, mcp-1 and crp collected two hours after temporary separation from mothers and social groups) and risk for developing a common macaques disease outcome (infectious colitis) in 1 ... | 2019 | 31110226 |
| atomoxetine improves memory and other components of executive function in young-adult rats and aged rhesus monkeys. | atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and fda-approved treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) in children, adolescents, and adults. while there is some evidence that atomoxetine may improve additional domains of cognition beyond attention in both young adults and aged individuals, this subject has not been extensively investigated. here, we evaluated atomoxetine (in low mg/kg doses) in a variable stimulus duration (vsd) and a variable intertrial interval (viti ... | 2019 | 31108108 |
| maternal and breast milk influences on the infant gut microbiome, enteric health and growth outcomes of rhesus monkeys. | gut bacteria play an essential role during infancy and are strongly influenced by the mode of birth and feeding. a primate model was used to investigate the benefits of exposure to the mother or conversely the negative impact of early nursery rearing on microbial colonization. | 2019 | 31107796 |
| impact of polypropylene prolapse mesh on vaginal smooth muscle in rhesus macaque. | the use of polypropylene prolapse mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse has been limited by mesh-related complications. gynemesh ps mesh, implanted via sacrocolpopexy in rhesus macaques, had a negative impact on the vagina with thinning of vaginal muscularis and decreased vaginal smooth muscle contractility. the negative effect was attenuated when a bioscaffold derived from urinary bladder extracellular matrix was used as a composite with gynemesh ps. | 2019 | 31102587 |
| quantitative organization of the excitatory synapses of the primate cerebellar nuclei: further evidence for a specialized architecture underlying the primate cerebellum. | the cerebellar intrinsic connectivity is of remarkable regularity with a similar build repeated many times over. however, several modifications of this basic circuitry occur that can provide important clues to evolutionary adaptations. we have observed differences in the wiring of the cerebellar output structures (the deep cerebellar nuclei, dcn) with higher dendritic length density in the phylogenetically newer dcn. in rats, we showed that an increase in wiring is associated with an increase in ... | 2019 | 31101974 |
| bioinformatics resource manager: a systems biology web tool for microrna and omics data integration. | the bioinformatics resource manager (brm) is a web-based tool developed to facilitate identifier conversion and data integration for homo sapiens (human), mus musculus (mouse), rattus norvegicus (rat), danio rerio (zebrafish), and macaca mulatta (macaque), as well as perform orthologous conversions among the supported species. in addition to providing a robust means of identifier conversion, brm also incorporates a suite of microrna (mirna)-target databases upon which to query target genes or to ... | 2019 | 31101000 |
| flexible gaze-following in rhesus monkeys. | humans are characterized by complex social cognitive abilities that emerge early in development. comparative studies of nonhuman primates can illuminate the evolutionary history of these social capacities. we examined the cognitive skills that rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) use to follow gaze, a foundational skill in human social development. while rhesus monkeys can make inferences about others' gaze when competing, it is unclear how they think about gaze information in other contexts. in stud ... | 2019 | 31098850 |
| pacing behaviour in laboratory macaques is an unreliable indicator of acute stress. | pacing behaviour, the most frequent stereotypic behaviour displayed by laboratory rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) is often used as an indicator of stress. in this study, we investigated how reliable this welfare indicator is at detecting acute stress by testing the reaction of macaques to the stressful event of being exposed to an agonistic interaction between conspecifics housed in the same room but in a different cage. pacing, agitated locomotion, and stress-related displacement behaviours we ... | 2019 | 31097776 |
| correction to: chronic phencyclidine treatment impairs spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. | after publication of this paper, the authors determined an error in fig. 2c. | 2019 | 31093720 |
| simian-human immunodeficiency virus shiv.ch505-infected infant and adult rhesus macaques exhibit similar env-specific antibody kinetics, despite distinct t-follicular helper and germinal center b cell landscapes. | global elimination of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections will require the development of novel immune-based approaches, and understanding infant immunity to hiv is critical to guide the rational design of these intervention strategies. despite their immunological immaturity, chronically hiv-infected children develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) more frequently and earlier than adults do. however, the ontogeny of humoral responses during acute hiv infection is poor ... | 2019 | 31092583 |
| the research of transgenic human nucleus pulposus cell transplantation in the treatment of lumbar disc degeneration. | the present study determines whether the in vivo injection of tgfβ1 and ctgf mediated by aav2 to transfect nucleus pulposus cells in degenerative lumbar discs can reverse the biological effects of rhesus lumbar disc degeneration. a total of 42 lumbar discs obtained from six rhesus monkeys were classified into three groups: experimental group, control group, and blank group. degenerative lumbar discs were respectively injected with double gene-transfected human nucleus pulposus cells using minima ... | 2019 | 31091017 |
| a heterologous prime-boost strategy for immunization against dengue virus combining the tetra diiic subunit vaccine candidate with the tv005 live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine. | the development of live-attenuated vaccines against dengue virus (denv) has been problematic. dengvaxia, licensed in several countries where denv is endemic, has shown low efficacy profiles and there are safety concerns prohibiting its administration to children younger than 9 years old, and the live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine (latv) developed by niaid has proven too reactogenic during clinical trialing. in this work we examined whether the combination of tv005, a latv-derived formulation, w ... | 2019 | 31090533 |
| of starch and spit. | animals living alongside humans have multiple copies of the gene for alpha-amylase, the enzyme that breaks down starchy foods, and high levels of this protein in their saliva. | 2019 | 31084712 |
| independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals. | the amylase gene (amy), which codes for a starch-digesting enzyme in animals, underwent several gene copy number gains in humans (perry et al., 2007), dogs (axelsson et al., 2013), and mice (schibler et al., 1982), possibly along with increased starch consumption during the evolution of these species. here, we present comprehensive evidence for amy copy number expansions that independently occurred in several mammalian species which consume diets rich in starch. we also provide correlative evide ... | 2019 | 31084707 |
| delayed vaginal shiv infection in vrc01 and anti-α4β7 treated rhesus macaques. | vrc01 protects macaques from vaginal shiv infection after a single high-dose challenge. infusion of a simianized anti-α4β7 mab (rh-α4β7) just prior to, and during repeated vaginal exposures to sivmac251 partially protected macaques from vaginal siv infection and rescued cd4+ t cells. to investigate the impact of combining vrc01 and rh-α4β7 on shiv infection, 3 groups of macaques were treated with a suboptimal dosing of vrc01 alone or in combination with rh-α4β7 or with control antibodies prior t ... | 2019 | 31083697 |
| slow delivery immunization enhances hiv neutralizing antibody and germinal center responses via modulation of immunodominance. | conventional immunization strategies will likely be insufficient for the development of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnab) vaccine for hiv or other difficult pathogens because of the immunological hurdles posed, including b cell immunodominance and germinal center (gc) quantity and quality. we found that two independent methods of slow delivery immunization of rhesus monkeys (rms) resulted in more robust t follicular helper (tfh) cell responses and gc b cells with improved env-binding, track ... | 2019 | 31080066 |
| evolution of the gut microbiome following acute hiv-1 infection. | in rhesus macaques, simian immunodeficiency virus infection is followed by expansion of enteric viruses but has a limited impact on the gut bacteriome. to understand the longitudinal effects of hiv-1 infection on the human gut microbiota, we prospectively followed 49 mozambican subjects diagnosed with recent hiv-1 infection (rhi) and 54 hiv-1-negative controls for 9-18 months and compared them with 98 chronically hiv-1-infected subjects treated with antiretrovirals (n = 27) or not (n = 71). | 2019 | 31078141 |
| interindividual variability of functional connectivity in awake and anesthetized rhesus macaque monkeys. | nonhuman primate (nhp) models are commonly used to advance our understanding of brain function and organization. however, to date, they have offered few insights into individual differences among nhps. in large part, this is due to the logistical challenges of nhp research, which limit most studies to 5 subjects or fewer. | 2019 | 31072758 |
| mucosal-activated invariant t cells do not exhibit significant lung recruitment and proliferation profiles in macaques in response to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis cdc1551. | tb is a catastrophic infectious disease, affecting roughly one third of the world's population. mucosal-associated invariant t (mait) cells are innate-like t cells that recognize vitamin b metabolites produced by bacteria, possess effector memory phenotype, and express tissue-homing markers driving migration to sites of infection. previous research in both mtb and hiv infections has shown that mait cells are depleted in the human periphery, possibly migrating to the tissue sites of infection. we ... | 2019 | 31072689 |
| simulated weightlessness procedure, head-down bed rest impairs adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rhesus macaque. | the microgravity environment in space can impact astronauts' cognitive and behavioral activities. however, due to the limitations of research conditions, studies of biological changes in the primate brain, such as neurogenesis, have been comparatively few. we take advantage of - 6° head-down bed rest (hdbr), one of the most implemented space analogue on the ground, to investigate the effects of weightlessness on neurogenesis of non-human primate brain. rhesus macaque monkeys were subjected to hd ... | 2019 | 31072406 |
| a method for assessing recovery of fine motor function of the hand in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury: an adaptation of the fugl-meyer scale and eshkol-wachman movement notation. | motor dysfunction of the upper extremity can result from stroke, cortical injury and neurological diseases and causes significant disruption of activities of daily living. while some spontaneous recovery in terms of compensatory movements does occur after injury to cortical motor areas, full recovery is rare. the distinction between complete recovery and compensatory recovery is important as the development of compensatory movements in the upper extremity may not translate into full functional u ... | 2019 | 31072219 |
| neuronal effects of spatial and feature attention differ due to normalization. | although spatial and feature attention have differing effects on neuronal responses in visual cortex, it remains unclear why. response normalization has been implicated in both types of attention (carandini and heeger, 2011), and single-unit studies have demonstrated that the magnitude of spatial attention effects on neuronal responses covaries with the magnitude of normalization effects. however, the relationship between feature attention and normalization remains largely unexplored. we recorde ... | 2019 | 31068439 |
| k63-linked ubiquitin is required for restriction of hiv-1 reverse transcription and capsid destabilization by rhesus trim5α. | trim5α is an antiviral restriction factor that inhibits retroviral infection in a species-specific fashion. trim5α binds to and forms assemblies around the retroviral capsid. following binding, poorly understood, ubiquitin-dependent events lead to the disassembly of the viral core, prior to the accumulation of viral reverse transcription products in the target cell. it is also known that assemblies of trim5α and other trim family proteins can be targets of autophagic degradation. the goal of thi ... | 2019 | 31068426 |
| ocular safety evaluation of blue light scleral cross-linking in vivo in rhesus macaques. | to investigate the safety of blue light scleral cross-linking (sxl) by evaluating changes in biological parameters in the retina and choroid in the eyes of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | 2019 | 31065848 |
| ultrastructural localization of dreadds in monkeys. | designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (dreadds) are extensively used to modulate neuronal activity in rodents, but their use in primates remains limited. an essential need that remains is the demonstration that dreadds are efficiently expressed on the plasma membrane of primate neurons. to address this issue, electron microscopy immunogold was used to determine the subcellular localization of the aav vector-induced dreadds hm4di and hm3dq fused to different tags in various b ... | 2019 | 31063250 |
| disrupted folate metabolism with anesthesia leads to myelination deficits mediated by epigenetic regulation of ermn. | exposure to anesthetics during early life may impair cognitive functions. however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. we set out to determine effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on folate metabolism and myelination in young non-human primates, mice and children. | 2019 | 31060905 |
| high detection rate and high genetic diversity of genogroup i picobirnaviruses from roe deer. | picobirnaviruses (pbvs) have been characterized as opportunistic enteric pathogens detected in various domestic, zoo and wild animals, suggesting a wide host range of these viruses. it is thus important to monitor wild animals for the presence of various human and animal pathogens in order to identify a potential reservoir of infectious diseases. in this study, the first phylogenetic analysis of pbv from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was performed with a total of 70 investigated samples of fece ... | 2019 | 31059785 |
| re: donor spermatogenesis in de novo formed seminiferous tubules from transplanted testicular cells in rhesus monkey testis. | | 2019 | 31059661 |
| early changes of ocular biological parameters in rhesus monkeys after scleral cross-linking with riboflavin/ultraviolet-a. | to evaluate the ocular biological parameter difference between scleral corneal cross-linking (cxl) and control eyes in rhesus monkeys by using a rebound tonometer, a-scan ultrasonography, retinoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography (erg). | 2019 | 31059583 |
| interferon-gamma test for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in macaca mulatta and other non-human primates. | we have formatted an assay to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections of non-human primates. commercially available reagents were used to elicit a specific immune response that was measured by interferon-gamma release. initial evaluation using blood samples from rhesus macaques experimentally infected with m tuberculosis distinguished infected versus uninfected animals. | 2019 | 31056769 |
| quantification of movement in normal and parkinsonian macaques using video analysis. | quantification of spontaneous animal movement can be achieved using analysis of video recordings of the animals. previous reports of video-based methods are based on outdated computer platforms or require the use of specialized equipment. | 2019 | 31055027 |
| cerebellar purkinje cells control eye movements with a rapid rate code that is invariant to spike irregularity. | the rate and temporal pattern of neural spiking each have the potential to influence computation. in the cerebellum, it has been hypothesized that the irregularity of interspike intervals in purkinje cells affects their ability to transmit information to downstream neurons. accordingly, during oculomotor behavior in mice and rhesus monkeys, mean irregularity of purkinje cell spiking varied with mean eye velocity. however, moment-to-moment variations revealed a tight correlation between eye veloc ... | 2019 | 31050648 |
| antibody fab-fc properties outperform titer in predictive models of siv vaccine-induced protection. | characterizing the antigen-binding and innate immune-recruiting properties of the humoral response offers the chance to obtain deeper insights into mechanisms of protection than revealed by measuring only overall antibody titer. here, a high-throughput, multiplexed fab-fc array was employed to profile rhesus macaques vaccinated with a gp120-cd4 fusion protein in combination with different genetically encoded adjuvants, and subsequently subjected to multiple heterologous simian immunodeficiency v ... | 2019 | 31048360 |
| distinct amino acid and lipid perturbations characterize acute versus chronic malaria. | chronic malaria is a major public health problem and significant challenge for disease eradication efforts. despite its importance, the biological factors underpinning chronic malaria are not fully understood. recent studies have shown that host metabolic state can influence malaria pathogenesis and transmission, but its role in chronicity is not known. here, with the goal of identifying distinct modifications in the metabolite profiles of acute versus chronic malaria, metabolomics was performed ... | 2019 | 31045574 |
| low-dose maraviroc, an antiretroviral drug, attenuates the infiltration of t cells into the central nervous system and protects the nigrostriatum in hemiparkinsonian monkeys. | parkinson disease (pd) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in humans. despite intense investigation, no effective therapy is available to stop the progression of this disease. it is becoming clear that both innate and adaptive immune responses are active in pd. accordingly, we have reported a marked increase in rantes and eotaxin, chemokines that are involved in t cell trafficking, in vivo in the substantia nigra (sn) and the serum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridi ... | 2019 | 31043478 |
| an experimental group a streptococcus vaccine that reduces pharyngitis and tonsillitis in a nonhuman primate model. | group a streptococcus (gas) infections account for an estimated 500,000 deaths every year. this bacterial pathogen is responsible for a variety of mild and life-threatening infections and the triggering of chronic autoimmune sequelae. pharyngitis caused by group a streptococcus (gas), but not asymptomatic gas carriage, is a prerequisite for acute rheumatic fever (arf). repeated bouts of arf may trigger rheumatic heart disease (rhd), a major cause of heart failure and stroke accounting for 275,00 ... | 2019 | 31040243 |
| computational aberration compensation by coded-aperture-based correction of aberration obtained from optical fourier coding and blur estimation. | we report a novel generalized optical measurement system and computational approach to determine and correct aberrations in optical systems. the system consists of a computational imaging method capable of reconstructing an optical system's pupil function by adapting overlapped fourier coding to an incoherent imaging modality. it recovers the high-resolution image latent in an aberrated image via deconvolution. the deconvolution is made robust to noise by using coded apertures to capture images. ... | 2019 | 33134437 |
| affiliation and disease risk: social networks mediate gut microbial transmission among rhesus macaques. | in social animals, affiliative behaviours bring many benefits, but also costs such as disease risk. the ways in which affiliation may affect the risk of infectious agent transmission remain unclear. moreover, studies linking variation in affiliative interactions to infectious agent incidence/diversity have speculated that disease transmission may have occurred, rather than revealing that transmission did occur. we address these gaps using the phylogenetics of commensal gut escherichia coli to de ... | 2019 | 32831349 |
| chemokine receptor ccr5 correlates with functional cd8+ t cells in siv-infected macaques and the potential effects of maraviroc on t-cell activation. | c-c chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) plays an essential role in hiv pathogenesis as the major coreceptor on cd4+ t cells used by hiv, yet the function of ccr5 on cd8 t cells is not well understood. furthermore, the immunologic effects of the ccr5 inhibitor maraviroc (mvc), despite approval for clinical use, have not yet been well evaluated for their potential effects on cytotoxic t-cell responses. in this study, we characterized the development and function of ccr5+cd8+ t cells in rhesus macaques wit ... | 2019 | 31034775 |
| a consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task. | response inhibition is essential for navigating everyday life. its derailment is considered integral to numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, and more generally, to a wide range of behavioral and health problems. response-inhibition efficiency furthermore correlates with treatment outcome in some of these conditions. the stop-signal task is an essential tool to determine how quickly response inhibition is implemented. despite its apparent simplicity, there are many features (ranging f ... | 2019 | 31033438 |
| superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in sivmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in hiv/siv infection. in the present study, we found a lower cd8+ t cell activation level in macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, npms) than in macaca mulatta (chinese rhesus macaques, chrms) during sivmac239 infection. furthermore, the levels of plasma lps-binding protein and soluble cd14 in npms were lower than those in chrms. compared with chrms, siv-infected npms had lower chiu scores, representing relatively normal in ... | 2019 | 31033262 |
| terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the lateral premotor cortex to the cervical enlargement (c5-t1) in rhesus monkey. | high-resolution tract tracing and stereology were used to study the terminal organization of the corticospinal projection (csp) from the ventral (v) and dorsal (d) regions of the lateral premotor cortex (lpmc) to spinal levels c5-t1. the lpmcv csp originated from the postarcuate sulcus region, was bilateral, sparse, and primarily targeted the dorsolateral and ventromedial sectors of contralateral lamina vii. the convexity/lateral part of lpmcv did not project below c2. thus, very little lpmcv co ... | 2019 | 31032921 |
| replicating adenovirus-siv immunization of rhesus macaques induces mucosal dendritic cell activation and function leading to rectal immune responses. | inducing strong mucosal immune responses by vaccination is important for providing protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). a replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant vector (ad5hr) expressing siv proteins induced mucosal immune responses in rectal tissue associated with delayed siv acquisition in female rhesus macaques, but the initial mechanisms leading to the induced immunity have not been elucidated. as dendritic cells (dcs) are known to orchestrate both innate and adap ... | 2019 | 31031768 |
| flavobacterium viscosus sp. nov. and flavobacterium tangerina sp. nov., from primates feces. | strains yim 102796t and yim 102701-2t were isolated from the feces of macaca mulatta and hylobates hoolock, respectively, living in the yunnan wild animal park, yunnan province of china. the two strains were gram-stain-negative, non-gliding, produced flexirubin pigments, non-flagellated and aerobic bacteria. the 16s rrna gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicate that both yim 102796t and yim 102701-2t are members of the genus flavobacterium, closely related to f. ummariense ds-12t (95.9% similar ... | 2019 | 31028411 |
| effects of chronic elevated intraocular pressure on parameters of optical coherence tomography in rhesus monkeys. | to determine the progression of parameters from optical coherence tomography (oct) in chronic elevated intraocular pressure (iop) monkeys. | 2019 | 31024804 |
| aberrant clonal hematopoiesis following lentiviral vector transduction of hspcs in a rhesus macaque. | lentiviral vectors (lvs) are used for delivery of genes into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) in clinical trials worldwide. lvs, in contrast to retroviral vectors, are not associated with insertion site-associated malignant clonal expansions and, thus, are considered safer. here, however, we present a case of markedly abnormal dysplastic clonal hematopoiesis affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages in a rhesus macaque transplanted with hspcs that were transduc ... | 2019 | 31023523 |
| the tat inhibitor didehydro-cortistatin a suppresses siv replication and reactivation. | the hiv-1 transactivation protein (tat) binds the hiv mrna transactivation responsive element (tar), regulating transcription and reactivation from latency. drugs against tat are unfortunately not clinically available. we reported that didehydro-cortistatin a (dca) inhibits hiv-1 tat activity. in human cd4+ t cells isolated from aviremic individuals and in the humanized mouse model of latency, combining dca with antiretroviral therapy accelerates hiv-1 suppression and delays viral rebound upon t ... | 2019 | 31021670 |
| regional molecular mapping of primate synapses during normal healthy aging. | normal mammalian brain aging is characterized by the selective loss of discrete populations of dendritic spines and synapses, particularly affecting neuroanatomical regions such as the hippocampus. although previous investigations have quantified this morphologically, the molecular pathways orchestrating preferential synaptic vulnerability remain to be elucidated. using quantitative proteomics and healthy rhesus macaque and human patient brain regional tissues, we have comprehensively profiled t ... | 2019 | 31018120 |
| influences of demographic, seasonal, and social factors on automated touchscreen computer use by rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) in a large naturalistic group. | animals housed in naturalistic social groups with access to automated cognitive testing vary in whether and how much they participate in cognitive testing. understanding how demographic, seasonal, and social factors relate to participation is essential to evaluating the usefulness of these systems for studying cognition and in assessing the data produced. we evaluated how sex, age, reproductive experience, seasonality, and rank related to patterns of participation in a naturalistic group of rhes ... | 2019 | 31017920 |
| formation and decay of auditory short-term memory in the macaque monkey. | echoic memory (em) is a short-lived, precategorical, and passive form of auditory short-term memory (stm). a key hallmark of em is its rapid exponential decay with a time constant between 1 and 2 s. it is not clear whether auditory stm in the rhesus, an important model system, shares this rapid exponential decay. to resolve this shortcoming, two rhesus macaques were trained to perform a delayed frequency discrimination task. discriminability of delayed tones was measured as a function of retenti ... | 2019 | 31017849 |
| safe and sustained expression of human iduronidase after intrathecal administration of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 in infant rhesus monkeys. | many neuropathic diseases cause early, irreversible neurologic deterioration, which warrants therapeutic intervention during the first months of life. in the case of mucopolysaccharidosis type i, a recessive lysosomal storage disorder that results from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-l-iduronidase (idua), one of the most promising treatment approaches is to restore enzyme expression through gene therapy. specifically, administering pantropic adeno-associated virus (aav) encoding idua into ... | 2019 | 31017018 |
| the accuracy and feasibility of robotic assisted lead implantation in nonhuman primates. | deep brain stimulation (dbs) and stereo-electroencephalography (seeg) electrode implantation are the most important and frequent manipulations in nonhuman primates (nhp) neuromodulation research. however, traditional methods tend to be arduous and inaccurate. | 2019 | 31012530 |
| detection of post-vaccination enhanced dengue virus infection in macaques: an improved model for early assessment of dengue vaccines. | the need for improved dengue vaccines remains since the only licensed vaccine, dengvaxia, shows variable efficacy depending on the infecting dengue virus (denv) type, and increases the risk of hospitalization for severe dengue in children not exposed to denv before vaccination. here, we developed a tetravalent dengue purified and inactivated vaccine (dpiv) candidate and characterized, in rhesus macaques, its immunogenicity and efficacy to control denv infection by analyzing, after challenge, bot ... | 2019 | 31009499 |
| corticosteroids and methotrexate as adjuvants to costimulation blockade in non-human primate renal transplantation. | belatacept, the cd28-b7 costimulation pathway inhibitor, has been approved as a calcineurin inhibitor (cni) alternative in kidney transplantation. although costimulation blockade (cob) allows for cni avoidance, it is associated with increased rates of early rejection, prompting a search for agents to pair with belatacept. methotrexate (mtx) is an antimetabolite that has been found to be complimentary with abatacept, a lower affinity cd28-b7-specific analogue of belatacept, in the treatment of rh ... | 2019 | 31006146 |
| chronic heavy drinking drives distinct transcriptional and epigenetic changes in splenic macrophages. | chronic heavy alcohol drinking (chd) leads to significant organ damage, increased susceptibility to infections, and delayed wound healing. these adverse outcomes are believed to be mediated by alterations in the function of myeloid cells; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. | 2019 | 31005514 |
| a rhesus monkey with a naturally occurring impairment of disparity vergence. ii. abnormal near response cell activity in the supraoculomotor area. | convergence insufficiency is a very common disorder that can have significant adverse effects on school performance. when reading, children with this disorder often experience diplopia and headaches. we have recently obtained a rhesus monkey with a naturally occurring impairment of vergence eye movements. in the companion paper, we report behavioral testing that shows a pattern of impairments similar to what clinicians observe in human children with convergence insufficiency, including a receded ... | 2019 | 30999322 |
| a rhesus monkey with a naturally occurring impairment of disparity vergence. i. behavioral comparisons to vergence in a normal animal. | human children with disorders affecting vergence eye movements have difficulty during close work, such as reading. patients with convergence insufficiency show a receded near point and an exophoria that is greater at near than at far. neurologic abnormalities may underlie these symptoms, but it is difficult to test this idea directly because there is no animal model for this disorder. in the present case report, we describe behavioral testing in a rhesus monkey with a naturally occurring impairm ... | 2019 | 30999321 |
| nonhuman primate vestibuloocular reflex responses to prosthetic vestibular stimulation are robust to pulse timing errors caused by temporal discretization. | electrical stimulation of vestibular afferent neurons to partially restore semicircular canal sensation of head rotation and the stabilizing reflexes that sensation supports has potential to effectively treat individuals disabled by bilateral vestibular hypofunction. ideally, a vestibular implant system using this approach would be integrated with a cochlear implant, which would provide clinicians with a means to simultaneously treat loss of both vestibular and auditory sensation. despite obviou ... | 2019 | 30995152 |
| susceptibility to siv infection after adenoviral vaccination in a low dose rhesus macaque challenge model. | vaccination with the merck human adenovirus serotype-5 (hadv-5) vectored hiv-1 subtype b gag/pol/nef vaccine was unexpectedly associated with enhanced susceptibility to hiv-1 infection in uncircumcised hadv-5 seropositive men. it has been hypothesized that vaccination may have resulted in activated cd4+ t lymphocytes trafficking to mucosal sites thereby increasing targets for hiv infection. we have previously shown that adv-vector vacci-nation in rhesus macaques resulted in an increase in the fr ... | 2019 | 30993250 |
| chronic alcohol drinking slows brain development in adolescent and young adult nonhuman primates. | the transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with brain remodeling in the final stages of developmental growth. it is also a period when a large proportion of this age group engages in binge alcohol drinking (occasional consumption of four to five drinks leading to intoxication) and heavy alcohol drinking (binge drinking on ≥5 d in a month). here we report on magnetic resonance imaging of developmental changes in the brain occurring during late adolescence and early adulthood (3.5- ... | 2020 | 30993181 |
| low plasma adropin concentrations increase risks of weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in response to a high-sugar diet in male nonhuman primates. | mouse studies linking adropin, a peptide hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (enho) gene, to biological clocks and to glucose and lipid metabolism suggest a potential therapeutic target for managing diseases of metabolism. however, adropin's roles in human metabolism are unclear. in silico expression profiling in a nonhuman primate diurnal transcriptome atlas (gse98965) revealed a dynamic and diurnal pattern of enho expression. enho expression is abundant in brain, including ven ... | 2019 | 30988006 |
| dysregulation of sonic hedgehog pathway and pericytes in the brain after lentiviral infection. | impairment of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) has been associated with cognitive decline in many cns diseases, including hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand). recent research suggests an important role for the sonic hedgehog (shh) signaling pathway in the maintenance of bbb integrity under both physiological and pathological conditions. | 2019 | 30981282 |
| antifertility effectiveness of a novel polymer matrix composite and its influence on the endometrium in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | to explored the antifertility effectiveness and influence on the endometrium of a micro-copper/low-density polyethylene/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (cu/ldpe/mvq) composite in rhesus macaques. | 2019 | 30980831 |
| cholecystokinin immunoreactive neurons in the basolateral amygdala of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | several distinct subpopulations of interneurons (ins) in the amygdalar basolateral nuclear complex (bnc) of the rat can be recognized on the basis of their expression of calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptides, including parvalbumin (pv), somatostatin (som), calretinin (cr), and cholecystokinin (cck). in the rat bnc cck is expressed in two separate in subpopulations, termed large (cckl ) and small (ccks ). these subpopulations exhibit distinct connections indicative of discrete functional rol ... | 2019 | 30980540 |
| preliminary evidence of increased striatal dopamine in a nonhuman primate model of maternal immune activation. | women exposed to a variety of viral and bacterial infections during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child with autism, schizophrenia or other neurodevelopmental disorders. preclinical maternal immune activation (mia) models are powerful translational tools to investigate mechanisms underlying epidemiological links between infection during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. our previous studies documenting the emergence of aberrant behavior in rhesus monke ... | 2019 | 30979867 |
| quantitative ultrasound parameters based on the backscattered echo power signal as biomarkers of cervical remodeling: a longitudinal study in the pregnant rhesus macaque. | clinical prediction and especially prevention of abnormal birth timing, particularly pre-term, is poor. the cervix plays a key role in birth timing; it first serves as a rigid barrier to protect the developing fetus, then becomes the pathway to delivery of that fetus. imaging biomarkers to define this remodeling process could provide insights to improve prediction of birth timing and elucidate novel targets for preventive therapies. quantitative ultrasound (qus) approaches that appear promising ... | 2019 | 30979594 |
| heterologous antibodies adsorption in xenotransplantation of a landrace piglet kidney into a rhesus monkey. | to explore the adsorption of heterologous antibodies in 6 xenotransplants of landrace piglet kidneys into rhesus monkeys. | 2019 | 30979492 |
| decoding movements from cortical ensemble activity using a long short-term memory recurrent network. | although many real-time neural decoding algorithms have been proposed for brain-machine interface (bmi) applications over the years, an optimal, consensual approach remains elusive. recent advances in deep learning algorithms provide new opportunities for improving the design of bmi decoders, including the use of recurrent artificial neural networks to decode neuronal ensemble activity in real time. here, we developed a long-short term memory (lstm) decoder for extracting movement kinematics fro ... | 2019 | 30979355 |
| disentangling the effects of early caregiving experience and heritable factors on brain white matter development in rhesus monkeys. | early social experiences, particularly maternal care, shape behavioral and physiological development in primates. thus, it is not surprising that adverse caregiving, such as child maltreatment leads to a vast array of poor developmental outcomes, including increased risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. studies of the underlying neurobiology of this risk have identified structural and functional alterations in cortico-limbic brain circuits that seem particularly sensitive to these early ... | 2019 | 30978495 |
| working memory representation of empty sets in the primate parietal and prefrontal cortices. | for the brain, representing empty sets as a precursor to zero is a challenge because it requires the active coding of a quantitative category that, by definition, contains no items. recent neurophysiological recordings show that empty sets are distinctively encoded by neurons in the primate ventral intraparietal area (vip) and the prefrontal cortex (pfc). however, how empty sets are represented in working memory is unknown. we simultaneously recorded from vip and pfc while rhesus monkeys perform ... | 2019 | 30975433 |
| characterization of hiv-1 nucleoside-modified mrna vaccines in rabbits and rhesus macaques. | despite the enormous effort in the development of effective vaccines against hiv-1, no vaccine candidate has elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies in humans. thus, generation of more effective anti-hiv vaccines is critically needed. here we characterize the immune responses induced by nucleoside-modified and purified mrna-lipid nanoparticle (mrna-lnp) vaccines encoding the clade c transmitted/founder hiv-1 envelope (env) 1086c. intradermal vaccination with nucleoside-modified 1086c env mrna-l ... | 2019 | 30974332 |
| effects of pregnancy, outdoor access, and antifungal medication on hair loss in breeding-age female pigtailed macaques (macaca nemestrina). | over 18 mo, adult female pigtailed macaques (macaca nemestrina) housed at a breeding facility in arizona were monitored every 6 mo for alopecia. the study period coincided with the movement of a majority of animals from primarily outdoor housing to continuous indoor housing and a corresponding decrease in available space. these changes were made due to the newly recognized prevalence of coccidioidomycosis at this site. the effects of pregnancy status, changes in outdoor access or space, and admi ... | 2019 | 30971325 |
| effects of stimulation of mu opioid and nociceptin/orphanin fq peptide (nop) receptors on alcohol drinking in rhesus monkeys. | alcohol use disorder (aud) persists as a devastating public health problem; widely effective pharmacological treatments are needed. evidence from rodent models suggests that stimulating brain receptors for the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin fq (nop) can decrease ethanol drinking. we characterized the effects of the mu opioid peptide (mop) receptor agonist buprenorphine and the buprenorphine analog (2s)-2-[(5r,6r,7r,14s)-n-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6 methoxymorphinan-7-y ... | 2019 | 30970376 |
| hla-e: exploiting pathogen-host interactions for vaccine development. | viruses, when used as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery, can induce strong cellular and humoral responses against target epitopes. recent work by hansen et al. describes the use of a cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccine, which is able to generate a stable effector-memory t cell population at the sites of vaccination in rhesus macaques. this vaccine, targeted towards multiple epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), did not induce classical cd8+ t cells. however, non-canonical cd8+ t cell ... | 2019 | 30968409 |
| immunometabolic signatures predict risk of progression to active tuberculosis and disease outcome. | there remains a pressing need for biomarkers that can predict who will progress to active tuberculosis (tb) after exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) bacterium. by analyzing cohorts of household contacts of tb index cases (hhcs) and a stringent non-human primate (nhp) challenge model, we evaluated whether integration of blood transcriptional profiling with serum metabolomic profiling can provide new understanding of disease processes and enable improved prediction of tb progression. com ... | 2019 | 30967866 |
| brain death enhances activation of the innate immune system and leads to reduced renal metabolic gene expression. | brain death (bd)-associated inflammation has been implicated in decreased kidney allograft function and survival, but the underlying mechanisms have not been well distinguished from the conditions of critical care itself. we have developed a clinically translatable model to separate and investigate strategies to improve donor management and critical care. | 2019 | 30964836 |
| circulating 11-oxygenated androgens across species. | the androgen precursors, dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) and dhea sulfate (dheas) are produced in high amounts by the adrenal cortex primarily in humans and a few other primates. the human adrenal also secretes 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), including 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11oha4), 11-ketoandrostenedione (11ka4), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11oht) and 11-ketotestosterone (11kt), of which 11oht and 11kt are bioactive androgens. the 11-oxyandrogens, particularly 11kt, have been recogn ... | 2019 | 30959151 |
| extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics in movement intermittency. | what determines how we move in the world? motor neuroscience often focusses either on intrinsic rhythmical properties of motor circuits or extrinsic sensorimotor feedback loops. here we show that the interplay of both intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics is required to explain the intermittency observed in continuous tracking movements. using spatiotemporal perturbations in humans, we demonstrate that apparently discrete submovements made 2-3 times per second reflect constructive interference betwee ... | 2019 | 30958267 |
| social affiliation predicts mitochondrial dna copy number in female rhesus macaques. | in many social mammals, social adversity predicts compromised health and reduced fitness. these effects are thought to be driven in part by chronic social stress, but their molecular underpinnings are not well understood. recent work suggests that chronic stress can affect mitochondrial copy number, heteroplasmy rates and function. here, we tested the first two possibilities for the first time in non-human primates. we manipulated dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques ( n = 45), where ... | 2019 | 30958211 |
| establishment of a novel mesial temporal lobe epilepsy rhesus monkey model via intra-hippocampal and intra-amygdala kainic acid injection assisted by neurosurgical robot system. | mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mtle) is the most common type of refractory epilepsy, and non-human primate (nhp) models are important to investigate its mechanism and therapy. however, previous mtle-nhp models have some defects. | 2019 | 30954527 |
| quantitative ultrasound and apoptotic death in the neonatal primate brain. | apoptosis is triggered in the developing mammalian brain by sedative, anesthetic or antiepileptic drugs during late gestation and early life. whether human children are vulnerable to this toxicity mechanism remains unknown, as there are no imaging techniques to capture it. apoptosis is characterized by distinct structural features, which affect the way damaged tissue scatters ultrasound compared to healthy tissue. we evaluated whether apoptosis, triggered by the anesthetic sevoflurane in the bra ... | 2019 | 30951850 |
| the cytokine response profile of ebola virus disease in a large cohort of rhesus macaques treated with monoclonal antibodies. | ebola virus (ebov) is a highly pathogenic filovirus that causes outbreaks of a severe hemorrhagic fever known as ebov disease (evd). ebola virus disease is characterized in part by a dysregulated immune response and massive production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. to better understand the immune response elicited by evd in the context of treatment with experimental anti-ebov antibody cocktails, we analyzed 29 cytokines in 42 ebov-infected rhesus macaques. in comparison to the sur ... | 2019 | 30949520 |
| neural coding for shape and texture in macaque area v4. | the distinct visual sensations of shape and texture have been studied separately in cortex; therefore, it remains unknown whether separate neuronal populations encode each of these properties or one population carries a joint encoding. we directly compared shape and texture selectivity of individual v4 neurons in awake macaques (1 male, 1 female) and found that v4 neurons lie along a continuum from strong tuning for boundary curvature of shapes to strong tuning for perceptual dimensions of textu ... | 2019 | 30948478 |
| nema nu-4 performance evaluation of a non-human primate animal pet. | the eplus-260 primate pet is an animal pet imaging system developed by the institute of high energy physics, chinese academy of sciences, which is designed to image non-human primates, especially the brain of large non-human primates. the system consists of 48 block detectors arranged in two 24-sided rings with a ring diameter of 263 mm and an axial extent of 64 mm. each block detector is composed of a 16 × 16 cerium-doped lutetium-yttrium orthosilicate crystal array with a pixel size of 1.9 ... | 2019 | 30947155 |