| phytochrome-regulated expression of genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein in two long hypocotyl mutants and wild type plants of arabidopsis thaliana. | the cab genes which encode the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein (lhcp) are expressed normally with respect to phytochrome regulation in the hy-3 and hy-5 long hypocotyl mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. in etiolated seedlings of these mutants as well as of the wild type, 1 min of red light elevates cab mrna levels substantially within 2 h; this increase is reversed if far-red light is given immediately after the red light treatment. we conclude that the genetic defects in these mutants do ... | 1990 | 2204948 |
| a dominant mutation in arabidopsis confers resistance to auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid. | we have screened a large population of m2 seeds of arabidopsis thaliana for plants which are resistant to exogenously applied indole-acetic acid (iaa). one of the resistant lines identified in this screen carries a dominant mutation which we have named axr2. linkage analysis indicates that the axr2 gene lies on chromosome 3. plants carrying the axr2 mutation are severe dwarfs and display defects in growth orientation of both the shoot and root suggesting that the mutation affects some aspect of ... | 1990 | 2148800 |
| organ-specific modulation of gene expression in transgenic plants using antisense rna. | we have shown leaf-specific inhibition gus gene expression in transgenic nicotiana plants using an antisense rna with a 41-base homology spanning the translation start codon of the gene. gus was expressed from the nominally constitutive 35s promoter and the antisense rna was expressed from the light-regulated ca/b promoter of arabidopsis thaliana. a range of gus inhibition from 0 to 100% was obtained by screening a small population of transgenic plants and the specific levels of inhibition obser ... | 1990 | 2103441 |
| u6 snrna genes of arabidopsis are transcribed by rna polymerase iii but contain the same two upstream promoter elements as rna polymerase ii-transcribed u-snrna genes. | previously we have demonstrated that the u2 snrna genes from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana contain two upstream elements, the use with sequence rtcccacatcg and a -30 'tata' box, which are essential for transcription by rna polymerase ii, and that the conserved spacing of about four helical dna turns between these elements is important for optimal promoter function. we have now isolated three genes encoding u6 rna in arabidopsis. transcription of these genes in transfected protoplasts of ... | 1990 | 2362802 |
| abscisic acid deficiency prevents development of freezing tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. | abscisic acid (aba) has been implicated as a regulatory factor in plant cold acclimation. in the present work, the cold-acclimation properties of an aba-deficient mutant (aba) of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. were analyzed. the mutant had apparently lost its capability to cold acclimate: the freezing tolerance of the mutant was not increased by low temperature treatment but stayed at the level of the nonacclimated wild type. the mutational defect could be complemented by the addition of exoge ... | 1990 | 24226742 |
| isoxaben inhibits the synthesis of acid insoluble cell wall materials in arabidopsis thaliana. | the effect of the herbicide isoxaben on the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose, leucine, uracil, and acetate into acid insoluble cell wall material, protein, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, respectively, was measured. dichlobenil, cycloheximide, actinomycin d, and cerulenin, inhibitors of the incorporation of these precursors into these macromolecular components, functioned as expected, providing positive controls. the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose into an acid insoluble cell wall fra ... | 1990 | 16667525 |
| isolation and characterization of a ferredoxin gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | we report the cloning and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. (columbia ecotype) ferredoxin gene (fed a). sequence analysis of a genomic clone shows an intron-free, 444-base pair open reading frame which encodes a 96 amino acid mature ferredoxin polypeptide preceded by a 52 amino acid transit peptide. comparison with other plant ferredoxin proteins suggests that fed a encodes a leaf ferredoxin. genomic southern blot analysis indicates the presence of a second, weakly related ... | 1990 | 16667505 |
| exploiting the triple response of arabidopsis to identify ethylene-related mutants. | alterations in the response of dark-grown seedlings to ethylene (the "triple response") were used to isolate a collection of ethylene-related mutants in arabidopsis thaliana. mutants displaying a constitutive response (eto1) were found to produce at least 40 times more ethylene than the wild type. the morphological defects in etiolated eto1-1 seedlings reverted to wild type under conditions in which ethylene biosynthesis or ethylene action were inhibited. mutants that failed to display the apica ... | 1990 | 2152173 |
| differential expression of the arabidopsis 2s albumin genes and the effect of increasing gene family size. | we studied the expression of the four genes encoding 2s albumin seed storage proteins (at2s1 to at2s4) in arabidopsis thaliana. all four genes followed similar temporal profiles throughout development, but at2s2 and at2s3 were expressed at significantly higher levels than at2s1 or at2s4. in situ hybridization showed that at2s2 to at2s4 mrnas were present throughout the embryo, whereas at2s1 was expressed at levels similar to at2s2 and at2s3 in the embryo axis but at only insignificant levels in ... | 1990 | 12354963 |
| differential expression of five arabidopsis genes encoding glycine-rich proteins. | five cdna clones coding for glycine-rich proteins in arabidopsis thaliana were isolated. the corresponding genes are present in the genome as single copies. the derived protein sequences contain highly repetitive glycine-rich motifs. there is, however, little homology among them, nor with previously described glycine-rich proteins from other species. all five genes are expressed in leaves and stems of 6-week-old plants but show different patterns of expression in other organ systems. analysis of ... | 1990 | 2152168 |
| nucleotide sequence of a mutant acetolactate synthase gene from an imidazolinone-resistant arabidopsis thaliana var. columbia. | | 1990 | 2336405 |
| in vitro study of transgenic tobacco expressing arabidopsis wild type and mutant acetohydroxyacid synthase genes. | genes coding for the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase, often referred to as acetolactate synthase (ahas, als; ec 4.1.3.18), from wild type arabidopsis thaliana and a sulfonylurea-resistant mutant line gh50 (csrl-1; haughn et al. 1988) were introduced in nicotiana tabacum. both genes were expressed at high levels with the 35s promoter. the csrl-1 gene conferred high levels of resistance to chlorsulfuron whereas the wild type gene did not. as selectable markers, chimaeric ahas genes yielded transg ... | 1990 | 24232776 |
| a mutation causing imidazolinone resistance maps to the csr1 locus of arabidopsis thaliana. | a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, two hundred times more resistant to the imidazolinone herbicide imazapyr than wild-type plants, was isolated by direct selection of seedlings from a mutagenized population. genetic analysis showed that resistance is due to a single dominant nuclear mutation that could not be separated by recombination from a mutation in the csr1 gene encoding acetohydroxy acid synthase. acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in extracts isolated from the mutant was 1000-fold more r ... | 1990 | 16667374 |
| a second locus, ixr b1 in arabidopsis thaliana, that confers resistance to the herbicide isoxaben. | an isoxaben resistant mutant of arabidopsis thaliana is described whose locus, ixr b1, is unlinked genetically to the previously described resistance locus ixr a (dr heim, jl roberts, pd pike, im larrinua [1989] plant physiol 90: 146-150). a cross of strains each homozygous for one of these two resistance loci gives rise to some isoxaben sensitive f(2) progeny. growth curves versus isoxaben of this mutant, its f(1) progeny and the wild-type parent strain showed that this locus displays a weakly ... | 1990 | 16667361 |
| effect of light quality and vernalization on late-flowering mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. | we have analyzed the response to vernalization and light quality of six classes of late-flowering mutants (fb, fca, fe, fg, ft, and fy) previously isolated following mutagenesis of the early landsberg race of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. when grown in continuous fluorescent illumination, four mutants (fca, fe, ft, and fy) and the landsberg wild type exhibited a reduction in both flowering time and leaf number following 6 weeks of vernalization. a significant decrease in flowering time was al ... | 1990 | 16667348 |
| genetic control of root hair development in arabidopsis thaliana. | visual examination of roots from 12,000 mutagenized arabidopsis seedlings has led to the identification of more than 40 mutants impaired in root hair morphogenesis. mutants from four phenotypic classes have been characterized in detail, and genetic tests show that these result from single nuclear recessive mutations in four different genes designated rhd1, rhd2, rhd3, and rhd4. the phenotypic analysis of the mutants and homozygous double mutants has led to a proposed model for root hair developm ... | 1990 | 12354956 |
| in vivo and in vitro characterization of protein interactions with the dyad g-box of the arabidopsis adh gene. | expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcs) genes of higher plants is cell-type-specific and environmentally inducible. however, the tissues in which these two genes are expressed, their modes of induction, and their protein functions are quite distinct. adh is expressed in non-green tissue, induced by anaerobiosis, and repressed in leaves. rbcs is only expressed in green tissue. an 8-base pair g-box element (5'-ccacgtgg-3') is ass ... | 1990 | 2152112 |
| effects of humic acids, para-aminobenzoic acid and ascorbic acid on the n-nitrosation of the carbamate insecticide propoxur and on the mutagenicity of nitrosopropoxur. | nitrosation of the carbamate insecticide propoxur at ph 3 and 37 degrees c was determined colorimetrically and found to be time- and sodium nitrite concentration-dependent. nitrosated propoxur was mutagenic when exposed to the seeds of the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana but the formation of nitrosopropoxur, the presumed mutagen, was inhibited by humic acids, para-aminobenzoic acid and ascorbic acid. these agents also reduced the mutagenicity of preformed nitrosopropoxur. | 1990 | 2138247 |
| evolutionary and tissue-specific control of expression of multiple acyl-carrier protein isoforms in plants and bacteria. | we have examined the occurrence of multiple acyl-carrier protein (acp), isoforms in evolutionarily diverse species of higher and lower plants. isoforms were resolved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), and were detected by western blotting or fluorography of [(3)h]-palmitate-labelled acps. multiple isoforms of acp were found in leaf tissue of the monocotyledons avena sativa and hordeum vulgare and dicotyledons arabidopsis thaliana, cuphea wrightii, and brassica napus. lower vasc ... | 1990 | 24202013 |
| isolation and characterization of cdnas from lycopersicon esculentum and arabidopsis thaliana encoding the 33 kda protein of the photosystem ii-associated oxygen-evolving complex. | we have identified and isolated cdna clones of the 33 kda protein of the oxygen-evolving complex (oee1) from lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and arabidopsis thaliana and determined their nucleotide sequences. the cdna clones and antibodies prepared against oee1 were used as probes to examine the expression of the oee1 gene with respect to regulation by light, organ specificity, and ripening stage of tomato fruit. the steady-state mrna level is regulated by light, being present in light-grown pl ... | 1990 | 2101691 |
| plant regeneration fromarabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. | arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts, isolated from a cell suspension, regenerated cell walls and then exhibited sustained cell divisions. within 10 days after isolation as many as 40% of the protoplast-derived cells divided. protoplast-derived calli exhibited a wide range of developmental responses, including apparent embryogenesis. the cell suspension has been cryopreserved. | 1990 | 24226280 |
| a direct screening procedure for gravitropism mutants in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. | in order to isolate gravitropism mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. var estland for the genetic dissection of the gravitropism pathway, a direct screening procedure has been developed in which mutants are selected on the basis of their gravitropic response. variability in hypocotyl curvature was dependent on the germination time of each seed stock, resulting in the incorrect identification of several lines as gravitropism mutants when a standard protocol for the potentiation of germinat ... | 1990 | 11537704 |
| radiobiological experiments with plant seeds aboard the biosatellite kosmos 1887. | the effects of spaceflight factors on the seeds of arabidopsis thaliana and crepis capillaris were studied provided with various protective measures: the seeds were located inside the satellite and in open space, protected with aluminium foil and also exposed without the foil cover. when the seeds were in open space without any protection, their viability was found to be suppressed; the survival rate and fertility of plants grown from these seeds were also diminished. an increase in the frequenc ... | 1990 | 11537516 |
| biological damage induced by ionizing cosmic rays in dry arabidopsis seeds. | in september 1987 dry seeds containing embryos of the crucifer plant arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh, were flown in orbit for 13 days on the kosmos 1887 satellite. the seeds were fixed on cnd detectors and stored in units of biorack type i/o. one unit was exposed inside, another one outside the satellite. the temperature profile of the flown seeds inside the satellite was simulated on earth in an identical backup control sample (bc). an additional control (sc) was studied with the original seeds ... | 1990 | 11537515 |
| a common fluence threshold for first positive and second positive phototropism in arabidopsis thaliana. | the relationship between the amount of light and the amount of response for any photobiological process can be based on the number of incident quanta per unit time (fluence rate-response) or on the number of incident quanta during a given period of irradiation (fluence-response). fluence-response and fluence rate-response relationships have been measured for second positive phototropism by seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana. the fluence-response relationships exhibit a single limiting threshold a ... | 1990 | 11537470 |
| the four members of the gene family encoding the arabidopsis thaliana translation elongation factor ef-1 alpha are actively transcribed. | | 1990 | 2101309 |
| a tandem of alpha-tubulin genes preferentially expressed in radicular tissues from zea mays. | the identification of a cdna (mr19) corresponding to a maize alpha-tubulin and homologous genomic clones (mg19/6 and mg19/14) is described. the cdna has been isolated by differential screening of a cdna maize root library. we have found two alpha-tubulin genes in a tandem arrangement in the genomic clones, separated by approximately 1.5 kbp. one of the genes (gene i) contains an identical nucleotide sequence which corresponds to the cdna clone. the two deduced proteins from dna sequences are ver ... | 1990 | 1713800 |
| dependence of the phototropic response of arabidopsis thaliana on fluence rate and wavelength. | in the phototropic response of arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, the shape of the fluence-response relation depends on fluence rate and wavelength. at low fluence rates, the response to 450-nm light is characterized by a single maximum at about 0.3 mumol.m(-2). at higher fluence rates, the response shows two distinct maxima, i and ii, at 0.3 and 3.5 mumol.m(-2), respectively. the response to 500-nm light shows a single maximum at 2 mumol.m(-2), and the response to 510-nm light shows a single maxim ... | 1989 | 16594094 |
| ap2 gene determines the identity of perianth organs in flowers of arabidopsis thaliana. | we have examined the floral morphology and ontogeny of three mutants of arabidopsis thaliana, ap2-5, ap2-6, and ap2-7, that exhibit homeotic changes of the perianth organs because of single recessive mutations in the ap2 gene. homeotic conversions observed are: sepals to carpels in all three mutants, petals to stamens in ap2-5, and petals to carpels in ap2-6. our analysis of these mutants suggests that the ap2 gene is required early in floral development to direct primordia of the first and seco ... | 1989 | 12359889 |
| nucleotide sequence of a putative pseudogene of histidine trna from arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1989 | 2491687 |
| primary site of action of amitrole in arabidopsis thaliana involves inhibition of root elongation but not of histidine or pigment biosynthesis. | interference with histidine metabolism, inhibition of pigment biosynthesis, or both have been the principal candidates for the primary site of action of 3-amino 1,2,4-triazole (amitrole). arabidopsis thaliana is sensitive to 1,2,4-triazole-3-alanine, a feedback inhibitor of histidine biosynthesis, and this effect is reversed by histidine. the combination of triazolealanine and histidine, however, does not reverse the herbicidal effect of amitrole. this indicates that amitrole toxicity is not cau ... | 1989 | 16667136 |
| trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana. ii. isolation and complementation of the glabrous1 gene. | we are using the formation of trichomes in arabidopsis thaliana as a model system to study gene expression during cellular differentiation. to initiate the molecular characterization of this system, we tagged and isolated a gene that is specifically required for the development of the specialized trichome cell. we confirmed the identity of this gene, glabrous1 (gl1), by complementation. these results demonstrate that a crucial gene in a plant developmental pathway can be successfully identified ... | 1989 | 12359886 |
| novel phytochrome sequences in arabidopsis thaliana: structure, evolution, and differential expression of a plant regulatory photoreceptor family. | phytochrome is a plant regulatory photoreceptor that mediates red light effects on a wide variety of physiological and molecular responses. dna blot analysis indicates that the arabidopsis thaliana genome contains four to five phytochrome-related gene sequences. we have isolated and sequenced cdna clones corresponding to three of these genes and have deduced the amino acid sequence of the full-length polypeptide encoded in each case. one of these proteins (phya) shows 65-80% amino acid sequence ... | 1989 | 2606345 |
| nucleotide sequence of a methionine initiator trna gene of arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1989 | 2491676 |
| an arabidopsis thaliana cdna clone encoding a low molecular weight heat shock protein. | | 1989 | 2798141 |
| mutational analysis of pistil structure and development of arabidopsis thaliana. | the developmental and morphogenetic process of pistil formation was examined by analysing flowers of wild type and six flower mutants of arabidopsis thaliana, a small crucifer. the wild type is suggested to originate from two 'pistil-forming units' (carpels) arranged laterally against the axis of the inflorescence at a pistil primordium. aberrant structures of the pistils of mutants indicate that a set of genes regulate each step of pistil development and morphogenesis, namely arrangement of the ... | 1989 | 2804733 |
| the gene family encoding the arabidopsis thaliana translation elongation factor ef-1 alpha: molecular cloning, characterization and expression. | the gene family encoding the arabidopsis thaliana translation elongation factor (ef-1 alpha) was analysed. this family contains four genes (a1-a4) organized in a similar manner in different varieties of arabidopsis. based upon both their physical separation and a comparison of their sequences, it is suggested that the a4 gene and the a1, a2, and a3 genes constitute two distinct subfamilies within the genome. by introducing chimaeric gene constructs into arabidopsis cells, we showed that the a1 g ... | 1989 | 2615757 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 18s rrna gene from arabidopsis thaliana co10. | | 1989 | 2798101 |
| arabidopsis thaliana mutant that develops as a light-grown plant in the absence of light. | the signal transduction pathways that lead to chloroplast biogenesis in plants are largely unknown. we describe here the identification and initial characterization of a novel genetic locus which fits the criteria of a regulatory gene located in a central pathway controlling light-mediated development. in the absence of light, these arabidopsis thaliana mutants, designated det1 (de-etiolated 1), constitutively display many characteristics that are light-dependent in wild-type plants, including l ... | 1989 | 2776216 |
| enhanced thermal tolerance in a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in palmitic acid unsaturation. | a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, deficient in the activity of a chloroplast omega9 fatty acid desaturase, accumulates high amounts of palmitic acid (16:0), and exhibits an overall reduction in the level of unsaturation of chloroplast lipids. under standard conditions the altered membrane lipid composition had only minor effects on growth rate of the mutant, net photosynthetic co(2) fixation, photosynthetic electron transport, or chloroplast ultrastructure. similarly, fluorescence polarization m ... | 1989 | 16667033 |
| different roles for phytochrome in etiolated and green plants deduced from characterization of arabidopsis thaliana mutants. | we have isolated a new complementation group of arabidopsis thaliana long hypocotyl mutant (hy6) and have characterized a variety of light-regulated phenomena in hy6 and other previously isolated a. thaliana hy mutants. among six complementation groups that define the hy phenotype in a. thaliana, three (hy1, hy2, and hy6) had significantly lowered levels of photoreversibly detectable phytochrome, although near wild-type levels of the phytochrome apoprotein were present in all three mutants. when ... | 1989 | 12359912 |
| altered regulation of beta-amylase activity in mutants of arabidopsis with lesions in starch metabolism. | three classes of mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynhold with alterations in starch metabolism were found to have higher levels of leaf amylase activity than the wild type when grown in a 12-hr photoperiod. this effect was dependent upon the developmental stage of the plants and was largely suppressed during growth in continuous light. the various amylolytic activities in crude extracts were separated by electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels and visualized by activity staini ... | 1989 | 16594057 |
| alternative mrna splicing generates the two ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase polypeptides in spinach and arabidopsis. | sequence analysis of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase cdna and genomic clones isolated from spinach and arabidopsis thaliana indicates that the two polypeptides of rubisco activase arise from alternative splicing of a common pre-mrna. in spinach, two 5' splice sites are used in processing a single 137-nucleotide intron near the 3' end of the primary transcript. this intron was either removed completely or, alternatively, the first 22 nucleotides of the intervening se ... | 1989 | 2535524 |
| a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in desaturation of palmitic acid in leaf lipids. | the overall fatty acid composition of leaf lipids in a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana was characterized by elevated amounts of palmitic acid and a decreased amount of unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acids as a consequence of a single nuclear mutation. quantitative analysis of the fatty acid composition of individual lipids suggested that the mutant is deficient in the activity of a chloroplast omega9 fatty acid desaturase which normally introduces a double bond in 16-carbon acyl chains esterified to ... | 1989 | 16666902 |
| altered chloroplast structure and function in a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. | mutants of arabidopsis thaliana deficient in plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity have altered chloroplast membrane lipid composition. this caused an increase in the number of regions of appressed membrane per chloroplast and a decrease in the average number of thylakoid membranes in the appressed regions. the net effect was a significant decrease in the ratio of appressed to nonappressed membranes. a comparison of 77 k fluorescence emission spectra of thylakoid membranes from t ... | 1989 | 16666887 |
| enhanced thermal tolerance of photosynthesis and altered chloroplast ultrastructure in a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in lipid desaturation. | a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, deficient in activity of the chloroplast n-6 desaturase, accumulated high levels of c(16:1) and c(18:1) lipids and had correspondingly reduced levels of polyunsaturated lipids. the altered lipid composition of the mutant had pronounced effects on chloroplast ultrastructure, thylakoid membrane protein and chlorophyll content, electron transport rates, and the thermal stability of the photosynthetic membranes. the change in chloroplast ultrastructure was due to a ... | 1989 | 16666863 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map of arabidopsis thaliana. | we have constructed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) linkage map of the nuclear genome of the small flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana. the map is based on the meiotic segregation of both rflp and morphological genetic markers from five independent crosses. the morphological markers on each of the five chromosomes were included in the crosses to allow alignment of the rflp map with the established genetic map. the map contains 94 new randomly distributed molecular markers (nin ... | 1989 | 12359906 |
| mutants of arabidopsis thaliana with altered phototropism. | thirty five strains of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. have been identified with altered phototropic responses to 450-nm light. four of these mutants have been more thoroughly characterized. strain jk224 shows normal gravitropism and "second positive" phototropism. however, while the amplitude for "first positive" phototropism is the same as that in the wild-type, the threshold and fluence for the maximum response in "first positive" phototropism are shifted to higher fluence by a factor of 20- ... | 1989 | 24212907 |
| a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in the chloroplast 16:1/18:1 desaturase. | leaf tissue of a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana contains reduced levels of both 18-carbon and 16-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of the 18:1 and cis-16:1 precursors due to a single nuclear mutation at a locus designated fadc. analysis of the fatty acid compositions of individual lipids and the kinetics of lipid labeling with [(14)c]acetate in vivo indicate that the mutant lacks activity of the chloroplast glycerolipid omega-6 desaturase. as a result, lipids synthesized by ... | 1989 | 16666802 |
| in vivo inhibition of seed development and reserve protein accumulation in recombinants of abscisic acid biosynthesis and responsiveness mutants in arabidopsis thaliana. | in arabidopsis thaliana, seed development in recombinants of the aba-deficient aba mutant with the aba response mutants abi1 or abi3 is compared to wild type and the monogenic parents. aberrant seed development occurred in the aba,abi3 recombinant and was normal in aba,abi1, abi3 and aba,abi1 seeds. embryos of the recombinant aba,abi3 seeds maintained the green color until maturity, the seeds kept a high water content, did not form the late abundant 2s and 12s storage proteins, were desiccation ... | 1989 | 16666794 |
| a gene encoding the tryptophan synthase beta subunit of arabidopsis thaliana. | the dna sequence of a tryptophan synthase gene and the flanking 5' and 3' regions has been determined for arabidopsis thaliana. the sequence encodes only the beta subunit domain, indicating that alpha and beta subunits are specified by separate genes. the gene contains four introns and encodes 470 amino acid residues. the plant amino acid sequence is highly conserved with respect to corresponding microbial sequences. the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence is characteristic of chloroplast transit p ... | 1989 | 2734310 |
| low temperature acclimation and treatment with exogenous abscisic acid induce common polypeptides in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. | exogenously applied abscisic acid (aba) induced frost hardening of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the freezing tolerance of a. thaliana plantlets treated with aba (15 mg/l) at a non-acclimating temperature (20 °c) appeared to increase even more rapidly than following a low temperature (4 °c) acclimation. analysis of in vivo-labelled soluble proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed several low temperature - or aba - induced proteins, which where not produced in non-acclimated pl ... | 1989 | 24232808 |
| in vitro morphogenesis of arrested embryos from lethal mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. | arrested embryos from lethal (emb) mutants of arabidopsis thaliana were rescued on a nutrient medium designed to promote plant regeneration from immature wild-type cotyledons. the best response was observed with mutant embryos arrested at the heart to cotyledon stages of development. embryos arrested at a globular stage produced callus but failed to turn green or form normal shoots in culture. many of the mutant plants produced in culture were unusually pale with abnormal leaves, rosettes, and p ... | 1989 | 24232790 |
| mutation of a locus of arabidopsis thaliana confers resistance to the herbicide isoxaben. | mutants resistant to the herbicide n-(3-[1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl]-5-isoxazolyl)-2,6,dimethoxybenzamide (isoxaben) were recovered from an m2 population of arabidopsis thaliana. two of these mutants, dh47 and dh48, had a high level of resistance in the homozygous state. crosses of these mutants to marker strains, and to each other, showed that each contained a mutation at a single locus tightly linked to lutescens, a marker on the fifth chromosome of a. thaliana. growth curves of these mutants and ... | 1989 | 16666725 |
| three mitochondrial trna genes from arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for the conversion of a trnaphe gene into a trnatyr gene. | three trna genes have been isolated from a genomic library of arabidopsis thaliana: a trnaser (gcu), a trnatyr (gua) and a trnaglu (uuc) genes. these genes are located closely on the same dna fragment. the trnaser and the trnaglu genes have both 99% sequence similarity with their mitochondrial counterparts from higher plants indicating that these three trna genes are mitochondrial. the trnatyr gene shows a particular high sequence similarity with the mitochondrial trnaphe pseudogene from maize, ... | 1989 | 2717403 |
| immunochemically detectable phytochrome is present at normal levels but is photochemically nonfunctional in the hy 1 and hy 2 long hypocotyl mutants of arabidopsis. | the hy 1 and hy 2 long hypocotyl mutants of arabidopsis thaliana contain less than 20% (the detection limit) of the phytochrome in wild-type tissue as measured by in vivo difference spectroscopy. in contrast, spectral measurements for the hy 3, hy 4, and hy 5 long hypocotyl mutants indicate that they each contain levels of phytochrome equivalent to the wild-type parent. immunoblot analysis using a monoclonal antibody directed against the chromophore-bearing region of etiolated-oat phytochrome de ... | 1989 | 24272903 |
| in vivo detection of regulatory factor binding sites of arabidopsis thaliana adh. | in vivo footprinting experiments have been used to analyze the binding of trans-acting regulatory factors in the 5' flanking region upstream of the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene from arabidopsis thaliana. protein-dna interactions were detected by dimethyl sulfate footprinting and genomic sequencing, using an a. thaliana cell suspension culture that constitutively expressed the adh gene. several distinct footprinting domains have been characterized, and the potential effects of the correspondi ... | 1989 | 24272897 |
| an auxin-regulated gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a dna-binding protein. | we have isolated a single-copy gene from the plant arabidopsis thaliana, called dbp, which encodes a lysine-rich, dna-binding protein. the dbp protein has a molecular weight and a composition resembling histone h1. when the dbp gene was expressed in bacteria, the protein product bound dna nonspecifically. the dbp gene is expressed constitutively in all parts of the plant but is induced five times above this basal level in apical zones. in vitro hormone-depletion experiments showed that the expre ... | 1989 | 16666616 |
| structural and functional analyses of arabidopsis thaliana chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) promoters. | arabidopsis thaliana carries three functional copies of the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) gene which code for an identical mature protein. dna sequence comparison of all three cab promoters indicated that cab2 and cab3 are more closely related compared to cab1. although the highest degree of homology was found between the tata box and -256 of cab3 promoter, suggesting that this region plays a major role in promoter function, this promoter regions are only 47% homologous. to study whether ... | 1989 | 24272796 |
| amyloplasts are necessary for full gravitropic sensitivity in roots of arabidopsis thaliana. | the observation that a starchless mutant (tc7) of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. is gravitropic (t. caspar and b.g. pickard, 1989, planta 177, 185-197) raises questions about the hypothesis that starch and amyloplasts play a role in gravity perception. we compared the kinetics of gravitropism in this starchless mutant and the wild-type (wt). wild-type roots are more responsive to gravity than tc7 roots as judged by several parameters: (1) vertically grown tc7 roots were not as oriented with re ... | 1989 | 24212342 |
| gravitropism in a starchless mutant of arabidopsis : implications for the starch-statolith theory of gravity sensing. | the starch-statolith theory of gravity reception has been tested with a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. which, lacking plastid phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1) activity, does not synthesize starch. the hypocotyls and seedling roots of the mutant were examined by light and electron microscopy to confirm that they did not contain starch. in upright wild-type (wt) seedlings, starch-filled plastids in the starch sheath of the hypocotyl and in three of the five columellar layers of the root ... | 1989 | 24212341 |
| fusicoccin-binding proteins in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. : characterization, solubilization, and photoaffinity labeling. | using the novel radioligand, [(3)h]-9'-nor-fusicoccin-8'-alcohol, high affinity binding sites for fusicoccin were characterized in preparations from leaves of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the binding site copartitioned with the plasmalemma marker, vanadate-sensitive k(+), mg(2+)-atpase, when microsomal fractions were further purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning in polyethylene glycol-dextran phase systems and sedimented at an equilibrium density of 1.17 grams per cubic centimeter in co ... | 1989 | 16666603 |
| photorespiratory ammonia does not inhibit photosynthesis in glutamate synthase mutants of arabidopsis. | exposure of ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1) mutants of arabidopsis thaliana to photorespiratory conditions resulted in the accumulation of nh(4) (+) and the inhibition of photosynthesis. however, upon transfer from 2% o(2), 350 microliters per liter co(2), to 21% o(2), 350 microliters per liter co(2), net photosynthesis declined at a slower rate in methionine sulfoximine treated leaf discs relative to controls. the recovery of photosynthesis was also more rapid in mso-treate ... | 1989 | 16666572 |
| molecular cloning and sequence of cdna encoding the plasma membrane proton pump (h+-atpase) of arabidopsis thaliana. | in plants, the transport of solutes across the plasma membrane is driven by a proton pump (h+-atpase) that produces an electric potential and ph gradient. we have isolated and sequenced a full-length cdna clone that encodes this enzyme in arabidopsis thaliana. the protein predicted from its nucleotide sequence encodes 959 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 104,207 da. the plant protein shows structural features common to a family of cation-translocating atpases found in the plasma membrane ... | 1989 | 2521951 |
| low temperature-induced decrease in trans-delta-hexadecenoic acid content is correlated with freezing tolerance in cereals. | the effect of growth at 5 degrees c on the trans-delta(3)-hexadecenoic acid content of phosphatidyl(d)glycerol was examined in a total of eight cultivars of rye (secale cereale l.) and what (triticum aestivum l.) of varying freezing tolerance. in these monocots, low temperature growth caused decreases in the trans-delta(3)-hexadecenoic acid content of between 0 and 74% with concomitant increases in the palmitic acid content of phosphatidyl(d)glycerol. these trends were observed for whole leaf ex ... | 1989 | 16666505 |
| rootcap structure in wild type and in a starchless mutant of arabidopsis. | rootcaps of the wild type (wt) and of a starchless, gravitropic mutant (tc7) of arabidopsis thaliana l. were examined by electron microscopy to identify cellular polarities with respect to gravity. in columella cells, nuclei are located proximally, and the nuclear envelope is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum (er) that is in turn connected to nearby plasmodesmata. impregnation of er with osmium ferricyanide revealed numerous contacts between columella plastids and er in both genotypes. er is ... | 1989 | 11543603 |
| the pattern of secondary root formation in curving roots of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. | a gravitational stimulus was used to induce the curvature of the main root of arabidopsis thaliana. the number of secondary roots increased on the convex side and decreased on the concave side of any curved main root axes in comparison with straight roots used as the control. the same phenomenon was observed with the curved main roots of plants grown on a clinostat and of mutant plants exhibiting random root orientation. the data suggest that the pattern of lateral root formation is associated w ... | 1989 | 11539812 |
| amyloplasts are necessary for full gravitropic sensitivity in roots of arabidopsis thaliana. | the observation that a starchless mutant (tc7) of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. is gravitropic (t. caspar and b.g. pickard, 1989, planta 177, 185-197) raises questions about the hypothesis that starch and amyloplasts play a role in gravity perception. we compared the kinetics of gravitropism in this starchless mutant and the wild-type (wt). wild-type roots are more responsive to gravity than tc7 roots as judged by several parameters: (1) vertically grown tc7 roots were not as oriented with re ... | 1989 | 11539759 |
| gravitropism in a starchless mutant of arabidopsis: implications for the starch-statolith theory of gravity sensing. | the starch-statolith theory of gravity reception has been tested with a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. which, lacking plastid phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1) activity, does not synthesize starch. the hypocotyls and seedling roots of the mutant were examined by light and electron microscopy to confirm that they did not contain starch. in upright wild-type (wt) seedlings, starch-filled plastids in the starch sheath of the hypocotyl and in three of the five columellar layers of the root ... | 1989 | 11539758 |
| mutants of arabidopsis thaliana with altered phototropism. | thirty five strains of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. have been identified with altered phototropic responses to 450-nm light. four of these mutants have been more thoroughly characterized. strain jk224 shows normal gravitropism and "second positive" phototropism. however, while the amplitude for "first positive" phototropism is the same as that in the wild-type, the threshold and fluence for the maximum response in "first positive" phototropism are shifted to higher fluence by a factor of 20- ... | 1989 | 11537724 |
| root graviresponsiveness and cellular differentiation in wild-type and a starchless mutant of arabidopsis thaliana. | primary roots of a starchless mutant of arabidopsis thaliana l. are strongly graviresponsive despite lacking amyloplasts in their columella cells. the ultrastructures of calyptrogen and peripheral cells in wild-type as compared to mutant seedlings are not significantly different. the largest difference in cellular differentiation in caps of mutant and wild-type roots is the relative volume of plastids in columella cells. plastids occupy 12.3% of the volume of columella cells in wild-type seedlin ... | 1989 | 11537658 |
| mutants of arabidopsis thaliana with decreased amplitude in their phototropic response. | two mutants of arabidopsis thaliana have been identified with decreased phototropism to 450-nanometer light. fluence-response relationships for these strains (zr8 and zr19) to single and multiple flashes of light show thresholds, curve shapes, and fluence for maximum curvature in first positive' phototropism which are the same as those of the wild type. similarly, there is no alteration from the wild type in the kinetics of curvature or in the optimum dark period separating sequential flashes in ... | 1989 | 11537461 |
| influence of hook position on phototropic and gravitropic curvature by etiolated hypocotyls of arabidopsis thaliana. | phototropic and gravitropic curvature by hypocotyls of arabidopsis thaliana is minimal when the side of the hook with the cotyledons attached is positioned toward the direction of tropistic curvature, and maximal when that side of the hook is positioned away from the direction of tropistic curvature. based on these data, it is proposed that the position of the hook with attached cotyledons affects curvature and not stimulus perception. a randomly oriented population of plants exhibited considera ... | 1989 | 11537453 |
| an embryo-lethal mutant of arabidopsis thaliana is a biotin auxotroph. | lethal mutants have been used in a variety of animal systems to study the genetic control of morphogenesis and differentiation. abnormal development has been shown in some cases to be caused by defects in basic cellular processes. we describe in this report an embryo-lethal mutant of arabidopsis thaliana that can be rescued by the addition of biotin to arrested embryos cultured in vitro and to mutant plants grown in soil. mutant plants rescued in culture produced phenotypically normal seeds when ... | 1989 | 2909401 |
| genes directing flower development in arabidopsis. | we describe the effects of four recessive homeotic mutations that specifically disrupt the development of flowers in arabidopsis thaliana. each of the recessive mutations affects the outcome of organ development, but not the location of organ primordia. homeotic transformations observed are as follows. in agamous-1, stamens to petals; in apetala2-1, sepals to leaves and petals to staminoid petals; in apetala3-1, petals to sepals and stamens to carpels; in pistillata-1, petals to sepals. in addit ... | 1989 | 2535466 |
| cold induced gene expression in arabidopsis thaliana l. | exposure of arabidopsis thaliana l. to an acclimation temperature (+4°c) results in a rapid increase of frost tolerance from -3°c to -7°c. this increase could be correlated to changes in soluble protein pattern. analysis of in vitro translation products from isolated mrna suggests that induction acts at the transcriptional level. | 1988 | 24240400 |
| fusicoccin activity and binding in arabidopsis thaliana. | i have examined the activity and specific binding of the phytotoxin fusicoccin using arabidopsis thaliana l. col-o. fusicoccin (10 micromolar) stimulates both proton extrusion and enlargement in isolated arabidopsis leaf discs. radiolabeled fusicoccin specifically binds to membranes (13,000 to 100,000g subcellular fraction) from cultured cells of arabidopsis. the specific binding of this phytotoxin to putative receptor sites in arabidopsis membranes is both ph-sensitive (ph optimum = 5.5 to 6.0) ... | 1988 | 16666495 |
| expression of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein genes is phytochrome-regulated in etiolated arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. | phytochrome action results in a large and rapid increase in the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein (lhcp) mrna level in etiolated seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana: the rna increase is detectable within 1 hour after 1 minute red illumination, reaches a maximum 30-fold higher than the dark level at ca. 2 hours, and decays back to dark levels by about 8 hours after the brief red illumination. s1 nuclease analysis distinguishes two kinds of mrnas transcribed from the three members of the lhcp ... | 1988 | 16666462 |
| a starch deficient mutant of arabidopsis thaliana with low adpglucose pyrophosphorylase activity lacks one of the two subunits of the enzyme. | a starch deficient mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. has been isolated in which leaf extracts contain only about 5% as much activity of adpglucose pyrophosphorylase (ec 2.7.7.27) as the wild type. a single, nuclear mutation at a previously undescribed locus designated adg2 is responsible for the mutant phenotype. although the mutant contained only 5% as much adpglucose pyrophosphorylase activity as the wild type, it accumulated 40% as much starch when grown in a 12 hour photoperiod. the ... | 1988 | 16666440 |
| a copia-like transposable element family in arabidopsis thaliana. | the fast generation time, small genome size and extensive genetic map of the crucifer arabidopsis thaliana have made it the subject of an increasing number of studies in plant molecular genetics. as transposable elements have greatly facilitated genetic analysis in a variety of species, we have attempted to identify an endogenous a. thaliana transposable element. we report here the discovery of a family of such elements, which we refer to as ta1 elements. sequence analysis of one such element sh ... | 1988 | 2904123 |
| nucleotide sequence of chloroplast cf1-atpase epsilon-subunit and elongator trnamet genes from arabidopsis thaliana. | | 1988 | 2904134 |
| molecular cloning, genomic organization, expression and evolution of 12s seed storage protein genes of arabidopsis thaliana. | we have identified a number of genes of the flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana that are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis. in this paper we discuss four of these genes, which comprise a gene family: complete genomic nucleotide sequence of two of the genes and partial sequence of the other two shows that they are all homologous to the 12s globulin seed storage protein genes of other angiosperms. the four genes fall into three subfamilies, as defined by cross-hybridization. one subfamily ... | 1988 | 24272631 |
| four genes in two diverged subfamilies encode the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit polypeptides of arabidopsis thaliana. | the multigene family encoding the small subunit polypeptides of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the crucifer arabidopsis thaliana has been isolated and the organization and structure of the individual members determined. the family consists of four genes which have been divided into two subfamilies on the basis of linkage and dna and amino acid sequence similarities. three of the genes, designated ats1b, ats2b, and ats3b, reside in tandem on an 8 kb stretch of the chromosome. ... | 1988 | 24272625 |
| a new locus (nia 1) in arabidopsis thaliana encoding nitrate reductase. | we have isolated two nitrate reductase genes and their corresponding cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana. sequences of the two cdnas, when compared to a sequence of a barley cdna clone, confirm their identity as nitrate reductase clones and show that they are closely related. the two genes have been mapped using restriction fragment length polymorphisms; gnr2 is close to the previously identified chl-3 locus and is probably identical to it, while gnr1 maps to a new locus (nia1) on chromosome 1, near ... | 1988 | 2905260 |
| identification of gtp-binding proteins in the plasma membrane of higher plants. | antisera raised against a highly conserved amino acid sequence (g alpha-common peptide) of animal gs alpha, gi alpha, go alpha and gt alpha recognize, in plasma membranes of several higher plants, sets of proteins of mr = 37 and 31 kda (vicia faba), 36 and 31 kda (arabidopsis thaliana) and 38 and 34 kda (commelina communis). the a. thaliana proteins were solubilized and partially purified. they bind [35s]gtp gamma s with high affinity (apparent kd approximately 10 nm) and, with lower affinity, g ... | 1988 | 3142467 |
| a th-1 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana is defective for a thiamin-phosphate-synthesizing enzyme: thiamin phosphate pyrophosphorylase. | we have examined the activity of the thiamin phosphate pyrophosphorylase in arabidopsis thaliana wild type and in a mutant (th-1) which requires exogenous thiamin for growth. mutant and wild-type plants grown in 1 x 10(-7) molar thiamin were used for the examination of the production of thiamin and thiamin monophosphate (tmp) using 4-methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole phosphate and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate as substrates. while the wild-type strain formed both thiamin a ... | 1988 | 16666289 |
| an evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. | a protein factor, identified in nuclear extracts obtained from tomato (lycopersicon esculentum, solanaceae) and arabidopsis thaliana (brassicaceae) seedlings, specifically binds upstream sequences from the plant light-regulated gene family encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcs). rbcs upstream sequences from tomato, pea (pisum sativum, leguminosae), and arabidopsis are recognized by the factor. the factor recognition occurs via a short conserved seque ... | 1988 | 2902624 |
| two strands of dna are not equivalent as probes in hybridizations at low stringency. | only one of the two complementary strands of a restriction fragment hybridizes under low stringency conditions to a cloned arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna fragment. we propose that this effect is caused by the energetic nonequivalence of the two possible mismatched duplexes, resulting from the accumulation of mismatches and extrahelical bases. these mismatches will differ between the two duplexes. the choice of probe strand may therefore be important for the success of heterologous hybridizatio ... | 1988 | 3189816 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map for arabidopsis thaliana. | we have constructed a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map for the nuclear genome of the flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana. the map, containing 90 randomly distributed molecular markers, is physically very dense; greater than 50% of the genome is within 1.9 centimorgans, or approximately 270 kilobase pairs, of the mapped dna fragments. the map was based on the meiotic segregation of markers in two different crosses. the restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage groups w ... | 1988 | 2901107 |
| insensitivity to ethylene conferred by a dominant mutation in arabidopsis thaliana. | ethylene influences a number of developmental processes and responses to stress in higher plants. the molecular basis for the action of ethylene was investigated in mutants of arabidopsis thaliana that have altered responses to ethylene. one mutant line, which has a dominant mutation at a locus designated etr, lacks a number of responses to ethylene that are present in the wild-type plant. these include inhibition of cell elongation, promotion of seed germination, enhancement of peroxidase activ ... | 1988 | 17747490 |
| determination of the processing sites of an arabidopsis 2s albumin and characterization of the complete gene family. | the most abundant isoform of the 2s albumin present in seeds of arabidopsis thaliana has been sequenced and the corresponding gene isolated. examination of the protein and dna sequences allows the determination of the exact proteolytic cleavage sites during posttranslational processing. like other 2s albumins, that of arabidopsis is made as a prepropeptide. after removal of the signal peptide, the propeptide is cleaved at four other points, giving two subunits linked by a disulfide bridge(s). co ... | 1988 | 16666238 |
| characterization of highly repetitive sequences of arabidopsis thaliana. | we have analyzed three classes of highly repetitive dna sequences of arabidopsis thaliana, composed of tamdemly repeated units of 180 bp, 500 bp, and 160 bp, respectively. the three families comprise approximately 2% of the arabidopsis genome and are the major component of the highly repetitive dna. the 500-bp element arose by duplication of one half of a 180-bp ancestor and insertion of a foreign segment between the two duplicated parts followed by amplification. the repeat elements contain occ ... | 1988 | 3405748 |
| the α1-tubulin gene of arabidopsis thaliana: primary structure and preferential expression in flowers. | the primary structure of the α1-tubulin gene of arabidopsis thaliana was determined and the 5' and 3' ends of its transcript were identified by s1 nuclease mapping experiments. the information obtained was used to (i) predict the amino acid sequence of the α1-tubulin, (ii) deduce the positions of introns within the α1-tubulin gene, and (iii) construct 3' noncoding gene-specific hybridization probes with which to study the pattern of α1-tubulin transcript accumulation in different tissues and at ... | 1988 | 24277562 |
| chromosomal proteins of arabidopsis thaliana. | in plants with large genomes, each of the classes of the histones (h1, h2a, h2b, h3 and h4) are not unique polypeptides, but rather families of closely related proteins that are called histone variants. the small genome and preponderance of single-copy dna in arabidopsis thaliana has led us to ask if this plant has such families of histone variants. we have thus isolated histones from arabidopsis and analyzed them on four polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic systems: an sds system; an acetic acid- ... | 1988 | 24272407 |
| cold acclimation in arabidopsis thaliana. | the abilities of two races of arabidopsis thaliana l. (heyn), landsberg erecta and columbia, to cold harden were examined. landsberg, grown at 22 to 24 degrees c, increased in freezing tolerance from an initial 50% lethal temperature (lt(50)) of about -3 degrees c to an lt(50) of about -6 degrees c after 24 hours at 4 degrees c; lt(50) values of -8 to -10 degrees c were achieved after 8 to 9 days at 4 degrees c. similar increases in freezing tolerance were obtained with columbia. in vitro transl ... | 1988 | 16666219 |
| high-frequency plant regeneration from cultured cotyledons of arabidopsis thaliana. | wild-type plants of arabidopsis thaliana strain "columbia" regenerated at a high frequency from immature cotyledons cultured on a shoot-inducing medium containing 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. cotyledon segments expanded rapidly and produced numerous shoots after 2-3 weeks in culture. regeneration occurred in the absence of the original shoot apex. hypocotyl segments from immature embryos produced root hairs and callus in culture but only rarely developed sh ... | 1988 | 24241755 |
| altered regulation of lipid biosynthesis in a mutant of arabidopsis deficient in chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity. | the leaf membrane lipids of many plant species, including arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh., are synthesized by two complementary pathways that are associated with the chloroplast and the endoplasmic reticulum. by screening directly for alterations in lipid acyl-group composition, we have identified several mutants of arabidopsis that lack the plastid pathway because of a deficiency in activity of the first enzyme in the plastid pathway of glycerolipid synthesis, acyl-acp:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate ... | 1988 | 16593939 |
| nucleotide sequence of an actin gene from arabidopsis thaliana. | an 1830-bp genomic dna segment containing an arabidopsis thaliana actin gene, aac1, has been cloned and sequenced. the aac1 gene is present as a single-copy gene, but at least two other actin-like genes have been detected. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of aac1 with other cloned plant actin genes reveals four exons separated by three introns conservatively located in all plant actin genes. the deduced amino acid sequence has also been compared with actin protein sequences from other plant ... | 1988 | 3410320 |
| plastocyanin of arabidopsis thaliana; isolation and characterization of the gene and chloroplast import of the precursor protein. | a genomic clone encoding the plastocyanin precursor was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana lambda embl3 library, with the help of a heterologous hybridization probe. the nucleotide (nt) sequence encoding the 171-amino acid precursor protein and 650 bp of the 5'-flanking region were determined. s1 nuclease mapping showed the arabidopsis coding region to be uninterrupted and the transcript to possess an untranslated leader of approx. 30 nt. the 5' region of the gene contains a 25-bp direct repe ... | 1988 | 3396882 |
| a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana that exhibits chlorosis in air but not in atmospheres enriched in co(2). | a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. which requires a high concentration (2% by volume) of atmospheric co(2) for growth has been isolated. unlike previous mutants of this type, this line does not have any apparent defect in photosynthetic co(2)-fixation, photorespiration, or photosynthetic electron transport. the mutant is abnormally susceptible to pigment bleaching in air but not in 2% co(2). the presence of normal or above-normal levels of antioxidants, carotenoids, and enzymes involve ... | 1988 | 16666132 |