| can an inactivating agent increase enzyme activity in organic solvent? effects of 18-crown-6 on lipase activity, enantioselectivity, and conformation. | lipase from burkholderia cepacia (lipase bc) and lipase b from candida antarctica (calb) show an increase of the transesterification activity in toluene (up to 2.4- and 1.7-fold, respectively), when lyophilized with 18-crown-6. nevertheless, the increase was observed only for low (less than 100) 18-crown-6/lipase molar ratio, while at higher ratios, the activity decreased for both enzymes to values lower than those obtained in the absence of the additive. in 1,4-dioxane, the activation is lower ... | 2007 | 17096426 |
| bacterial diversity in aortic aneurysms determined by 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis. | aortic aneurysms are common vascular conditions that cause considerable morbidity and mortality. understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the condition remains limited. recently, infection has been suggested as possible contributor in the development of the disease. the aim of the present study was to examine aortic aneurysms for the presence of bacterial dna using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene, followed by cloning and sequenci ... | 2006 | 17098542 |
| vulnerability of pathogenic biofilms to micavibrio aeruginosavorus. | the host specificity of the gram-negative exoparasitic predatory bacterium micavibrio aeruginosavorus was examined. m. aeruginosavorus preyed on pseudomonas aeruginosa, as previously reported, as well as burkholderia cepacia, klebsiella pneumoniae, and numerous clinical isolates of these species. in a static assay, a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to m. aeruginosavorus, and an approximately 100-fold reduction in biofilm cell viability was detected fo ... | 2007 | 17098913 |
| an outbreak of burkholderia cepacia associated with contamination of albuterol and nasal spray. | species within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) can contaminate medications and disinfectants and cause severe pneumonia in critically ill patients or persons with cystic fibrosis. in march 2004, we investigated a hospital outbreak of bcc possibly associated with a contaminated nasal spray. | 2006 | 17099009 |
| in vitro motility of a population of clinical burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | melioidosis, a serious infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is a leading cause of community-acquired sepsis in northeast thailand, and the commonest cause of death from community-acquired pneumonia in the top end of northern australia. the causative organism is a gram-negative, motile bacillus that is a facultative intracellular pathogen. b. pseudomallei flagella have been proposed as a possible vaccine candidate and putative virulence determinant. flagella expression was highly conser ... | 2006 | 17100392 |
| evaluation of the in-situ aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated ethenes by toluene-utilizing microorganisms using push-pull tests. | a series of transport, biostimulation, and activity push-pull tests were performed under induced and natural gradient conditions in a trichloroethene (tce) and cis-dichloroethene (c-dce) contaminated aquifer. transport tests demonstrated the feasibility of injecting and recovering complex solute mixtures from the aquifer. during the biostimulation tests, decreases in toluene concentration and the production of o-cresol as an intermediate oxidation product indicated the presence of toluene-utiliz ... | 2007 | 17101190 |
| a biocompatible microdevice for core body temperature monitoring in the early diagnosis of infectious disease. | the early diagnosis of microbial infection is critical to the clinical instigation of effective post-exposure prophylaxis or therapy. however, diagnosis of infection is often attempted only when there are overt clinical signs, and for some of the serious human pathogens, this may jeopardize the efficacy of therapy. we have used a miniaturised sealed, implantable transponder incorporating a calibrated temperature sensor with an external receiver system, to monitor core body temperature (tc) remot ... | 2007 | 17106641 |
| characterization of a thermostable carboxylesterase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima. | the gene encoding carboxylesterase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima (tm0053) was cloned. the recombinant protein (est53) was overexpressed in escherichia coli without its nh(2)-terminal hydrophobic region, and with a c-terminal hexahistidine sequence. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, followed by ni(2+) affinity chromatography, and then characterized. among the p-nitrophenyl esters tested, the best substrate was p-nitrophenyl decanoate with k (m) a ... | 2007 | 17106678 |
| diversity and expression of nitrogenase genes (nifh) from ectomycorrhizas of corsican pine (pinus nigra). | the diversity of bacterial nitrogenase genes (nifh) and their mrna transcription in ectomycorrhizas of corsican pine (pinus nigra) were examined. dna and rna were extracted from surface-sterilized and non-sterilized corsican pine roots colonized by the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, suillus variegatus and tomentellopsis submollis. dna-derived nifh polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products were obtained from all samples, but only a few reverse transcription pcrs for nifh mrna were successful, sugges ... | 2006 | 17107563 |
| computed tomography characteristics of burkholderia pseudomallei-associated liver abscess. | | 2006 | 17109298 |
| the mvin homolog in burkholderia pseudomallei is essential for viability and virulence. | the virulence factors of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, are not fully understood. we have identified a gene with homology to the salmonella typhimurium mouse virulence gene, mvin, a member of the mouse virulence factor family. expression studies with an insertional mutant containing a lux operon demonstrated that the expression of the gene is influenced by free-iron availability in the media and by growth phase. the mutant displayed an increased ld50 value in the ... | 2006 | 17110975 |
| insight in to the phylogeny of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis: horizontal gene transfer. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are gaining more and more importance the world over due to their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics. their biodegradability makes them extremely desirable substitutes for synthetic plastics. phas are produced in organisms under certain stress conditions. here, we investigated 253 sequenced (completely and unfinished) genomes for the diversity and phylogenetics of the pha biosynthesis. discrepancies in the phylogenetic trees for phaa, phab and phac gen ... | 2007 | 17113245 |
| biological relevance of colony morphology and phenotypic switching by burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a notoriously protracted illness and is difficult to cure. we hypothesize that the causative organism, burkholderia pseudomallei, undergoes a process of adaptation involving altered expression of surface determinants which facilitates persistence in vivo and that this is reflected by changes in colony morphology. a colony morphotyping scheme and typing algorithm were developed using clinical b. pseudomallei isolates. morphotypes were divided into seven types (denoted i to vii). ty ... | 2007 | 17114252 |
| functional analysis of burkholderia cepacia genes bced and bcef, encoding a phosphotyrosine phosphatase and a tyrosine autokinase, respectively: role in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and biofilm formation. | the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide (eps) cepacian by burkholderia cepacia complex strains requires the 16.2-kb bce cluster of genes. two of the clustered genes, bced and bcef, code for two proteins homologous to phosphotyrosine phosphatases and tyrosine kinases, respectively. we show experimental evidence indicating that bcef is phosphorylated on tyrosine and that the conserved lysine residue present at position 563 in the walker a atp-binding motif is required for this autophosphorylatio ... | 2007 | 17114319 |
| identification of genes regulated by the cepir quorum-sensing system in burkholderia cenocepacia by high-throughput screening of a random promoter library. | the burkholderia cenocepacia cepir quorum-sensing system regulates expression of extracellular proteases, chitinase, and genes involved in ornibactin biosynthesis, biofilm formation, and motility. in a genome-wide screen we identified cepir-regulated genes by screening a random promoter library of b. cenocepacia k56-2 constructed in a luminescence reporter detection plasmid for differential expression in response to n-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (ohl). eighty-nine clones were identified; in 58 ... | 2007 | 17122351 |
| rhizonin, the first mycotoxin isolated from the zygomycota, is not a fungal metabolite but is produced by bacterial endosymbionts. | rhizonin is a hepatotoxic cyclopeptide isolated from cultures of a fungal rhizopus microsporus strain that grew on moldy ground nuts in mozambique. reinvestigation of this fungal strain by a series of experiments unequivocally revealed that this "first mycotoxin from lower fungi" is actually not produced by the fungus. pcr experiments and phylogenetic studies based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that the fungus is associated with bacteria belonging to the genus burkholderia. by transmission ... | 2007 | 17122400 |
| synthesis of pyochelin-norfloxacin conjugates. | using synthetic functionalized analogues of pyochelin, a siderophore common to several pathogenic pseudomonas and burkholderia species, four fluoroquinolone-pyochelin conjugates were efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. | 2007 | 17123817 |
| short report: melioidosis in myanmar: forgotten but not gone? | a serologic survey of adults resident in myanmar was conducted to define the presence of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis. antibodies were detectable by indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) in 757 (78%) of 968 adults, of whom 69 (7%) had an iha titer > or =1:160. | 2006 | 17123993 |
| melioidosis in the americas. | melioidosis is a potentially severe bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. there has been growing awareness of the disease in the americas, particularly since the vietnam conflict when it was diagnosed in returning service personnel. accidental laboratory exposure indicates the difficulty making a culture-based diagnosis when melioidosis has not been considered in the differential diagnosis. melioidosis is most likely underdiagnosed in tropical central and south america where c ... | 2006 | 17123994 |
| physicochemical stereodescriptors of atomic chiral centers. | physicochemical atomic stereodescriptors (pas) were implemented that represent the chirality of an atomic chiral center on the basis of empirical physicochemical properties of the ligands. the ligands are ranked according to a specific property, and the chiral center takes an s/r-like descriptor relative to that property. the procedure is performed for a series of properties, yielding a chirality profile. application of the pas descriptors to the prediction of enantioselectivity in chemical reac ... | 2006 | 17125170 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of three salvia species from tunisia. | this study examines the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of three salvia species from tunisia: salvia aegyptiaca l., s. argentea l. and s. verbenaca ssp. clandestina l. pugsley. the extracts inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and of bacteria responsible for unpleasant odours to varying degrees; the pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans, the filamentous fungi aspergillus fumigatus and selected dog otitis bacteria were all res ... | 2006 | 17127665 |
| burkholderia glumae infection in an infant with chronic granulomatous disease. | an 8-month-old boy developed a necrotic lung mass from which burkholderia glumae was recovered, leading to the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). while other burkholderia species have been identified as important pathogens in persons with cgd, b. glumae has not been previously reported to cause human infection. | 2007 | 17135434 |
| stability and activity improvement of cephalosporin esterase estb from burkholderia gladioli by directed evolution and structural interpretation of muteins. | esterase estb from burkholderia gladioli, which belongs to a family of esterases related to beta-lactamases and dd-peptidases was evolved for increased stability and simultaneously maintaining high cephalosporin c deacetylation activity. random mutagenesis pcr was used to generate up to 5 aa substitutions per gene. a newly designed colony filter-screening assay, which was based on ph change after deacetylation of cephalosporin c in presence of dmf was established. in a first evolution round empl ... | 2007 | 17137667 |
| burkholderia gladioli: five year experience in a cystic fibrosis and lung transplantation center. | the impact of infection with burkholderia gladioli in cystic fibrosis, other chronic airway diseases and immunosuppressed patients is unknown. | 2007 | 17137846 |
| multidrug-resistant organisms in cystic fibrosis: management and infection-control issues. | chronic infection and inflammation are the hallmarks of cystic fibrosis lung disease. as cystic fibrosis patients are living longer owing to more intense treatment, multidrug-resistant organisms are being isolated increasingly from patients' respiratory tracts. while the adverse effects of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia complex are well described, less is known about the clinical significance of other emerging multidrug-resistant organisms, such as methicillin-resistant staphylo ... | 2006 | 17140357 |
| bacteria associated with orchid roots and microbial production of auxin. | associative bacteria of terrestrial (paphiopedilum appletonianum) and epiphytic (pholidota articulata) tropical orchids were investigated. microbial community of epiphytic plant differed from that of the terrestrial one. streptomyces, bacillus, pseudomonas, burkholderia, erwinia and nocardia strains populated paphiopedilum roots, whereas pseudomonas, flavobacterium, stenotrophomonas, pantoea, chryseobacterium, bacillus, agrobacterium, erwinia, burkholderia and paracoccus strains colonized pholid ... | 2007 | 17140781 |
| cross-infection in cystic fibrosis: the knowledge and behaviour of adult patients. | the knowledge and behaviour of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) regarding cross-infection are ill understood. | 2007 | 17141578 |
| reliability of multilocus sequence typing of the burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis. | infection with the burkholderia cepacia complex is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (cf). we investigated the molecular clock speed of the seven genes used in the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for these bacteria. | 2007 | 17141579 |
| family shuffling of soil dna to change the regiospecificity of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 biphenyl dioxygenase. | previous work has shown that the c-terminal portion of bpha, especially two amino acid segments designated region iii and region iv, influence the regiospecificity of the biphenyl dioxygenase (bpdo) toward 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (2,2'-cb). in this work, we evolved bpdo by shuffling bpha genes amplified from polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil dna. sets of approximately 1-kb dna fragments were amplified with degenerate primers designed to amplify the c-terminal portion of bpha. these fragme ... | 2007 | 17142386 |
| hospital-acquired infections related to contaminated substances. | drug-related outbreaks are frequently reported from various medical departments. a systematic review was performed to describe characteristics of these outbreaks and to determine the most frequent occasions in which contamination of substances for patient care take place. articles were assessed by a search of the outbreak database, a search of pubmed, and hand search of reference lists from relevant articles. articles published before 1990 were excluded. data on affected patients, hospital-acqui ... | 2007 | 17145102 |
| synergistic interaction between phenothiazines and antimicrobial agents against burkholderia pseudomallei. | the gram-negative soil bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal septicemic disease that is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics is attributed mainly to the presence of several drug efflux pumps, and therefore, inhibitors of such pumps are expected to restore the activities of many clinically important antimicrobial agents that are the substrates of these pumps. the phenothiaz ... | 2007 | 17145801 |
| inverting enantioselectivity of burkholderia gladioli esterase estb by directed and designed evolution. | esterase estb from burkholderia gladioli, showing moderate s-enantioselectivity (e(s)=6.1) in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of methyl-beta-hydroxyisobutyrate, was subjected to directed evolution in order to reverse its enantioselectivity. after one round of ep-pcr, saturation mutagenesis and high-throughput screening, it was found that different mutations at position 152 (in the vicinity of the active site) increase, decrease and even reverse the natural enantioselectivity of this enzyme. th ... | 2007 | 17147964 |
| a critical role for neutrophils in resistance to experimental infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | inhalation is an important route of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. in resistant c57bl/6 mice, activated neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the lungs after intranasal b. pseudomallei infection. prevention of this response by use of the anti-gr-1+ cell-depleting monoclonal antibody rb6-8c5 severely exacerbated disease, resulting in an acute lethal infection associated with a 1000-fold increase in lung bacterial loads within 4 days. c57bl/6 interfero ... | 2007 | 17152013 |
| a gene cluster encoding rhizoxin biosynthesis in "burkholderia rhizoxina", the bacterial endosymbiont of the fungus rhizopus microsporus. | | 2007 | 17154220 |
| synthesis from caffeine of a mixed n-heterocyclic carbene-silver acetate complex active against resistant respiratory pathogens. | the bis(n-heterocyclic carbene) (nhc) silver complex, 3, with a methyl carbonate anion was formed from the reaction of the iodide salt of methylated caffeine, 1, with silver (i) oxide in methanol. attempts to crystallize this complex from a mixture of common alcohols and ethyl acetate led to the formation of an nhc-silver acetate complex, 4. the more direct synthesis of 4 was accomplished by the in-situ deprotonation of 1 by silver acetate in methanol. complex 4 demonstrated antimicrobial activi ... | 2006 | 17154511 |
| kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in [bmim][pf6] using high activity preparations of lipases. | lipases from two different sources candida rugosa (crl) and burkholderia cepacia (bcl) were formulated as enzyme precipitated and rinsed with organic solvents, organic solvent rinsed enzyme preparation, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (cleas) and protein coated micro-crystals (pcmcs). these various enzyme formulates were evaluated for the kinetic resolution of (+/-)-1-phenylethanol in ionic liquid [bmim][pf(6)] by transesterification with vinyl acetate. of all the enzyme forms evaluated eprp and ... | 2007 | 17157018 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and synergy studies of burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | susceptibility (18 antimicrobial agents including high-dose tobramycin) and checkerboard synergy (23 combinations) studies were performed for 2,621 strains of burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from 1,257 cystic fibrosis patients. minocycline, meropenem, and ceftazidime were the most active, inhibiting 38%, 26%, and 23% of strains, respectively. synergy was rarely noted (range, 1% to 15% of strains per antibiotic combination). | 2007 | 17158942 |
| quorum sensing regulates dpsa and the oxidative stress response in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal human tropical disease. the non-specific dna-binding protein dpsa plays a key role in protecting b. pseudomallei from oxidative stress mediated, for example, by organic hydroperoxides. the regulation of dpsa expression is poorly understood but one possibility is that it is regulated in a cell population density-dependent manner via n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent quorum sensing (qs) since a lux-box motif has been l ... | 2006 | 17159218 |
| burkholderia mallei expresses a unique lipopolysaccharide mixture that is a potent activator of human toll-like receptor 4 complexes. | burkholderia mallei, the aetiologic agent of glanders, causes a variety of illnesses in animals and humans ranging from occult infections to acute fulminating septicaemias. to better understand the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the pathogenesis of these diseases, studies were initiated to characterize the structural and biological properties of lipid a moieties expressed by this organism. using a combination of chemical analyses and maldi-tof mass spectrometry, b. mallei was shown to expre ... | 2007 | 17163980 |
| response to (chloro)biphenyls of the polychlorobiphenyl-degrader burkholderia xenovorans lb400 involves stress proteins also induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. | we report the effects of 4-chlorobiphenyl and biphenyl on the physiology, morphology and proteome of the polychlorobiphenyl-degrader burkholderia xenovorans lb400. the exposure to 4-chlorobiphenyl decreases the growth of lb400 on glucose, and cells exhibit irregular outer membranes, a larger periplasmic space and electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm. additionally, lysis of cells was observed during incubation with 4-chlorobiphenyl or biphenyl. proteome of b. xenovorans lb400 exposed to biphe ... | 2007 | 17166226 |
| a novel wireless glucose sensor employing direct electron transfer principle based enzyme fuel cell. | in this paper we present a novel wireless glucose biosensing system employing direct electron transfer principle based enzyme fuel cell. using the glucose dehydrogenase complex, which is composed of a catalytic subunit containing fad, the cytochrome c subunit that harbors heme c as the electron transfer subunit, and chaperone-like subunit, a direct electron transfer-type glucose enzyme fuel cell was constructed. the enzyme glucose fuel cell generated electric power, and the open-circuit voltage ... | 2007 | 17166711 |
| dynamic combinatorial resolution: direct asymmetric lipase-mediated screening of a dynamic nitroaldol library. | | 2007 | 17171748 |
| random strand transfer recombination (rstr) for homology-independent nucleic acid recombination. | random strand transfer recombination (rstr) relies on the ability of viral reverse transcriptases to undergo homology-independent template switches during dna synthesis. to facilitate strand transfer events single stranded template dna was hybridized via noncoding complementary sequence stretches which flank the genes. the resulting bulb shaped heteroduplex was used as template for the reverse transcriptase driven dna polymerization in which template switch events occur spontaneously. switches w ... | 2007 | 17175057 |
| burkholderia phymatum is a highly effective nitrogen-fixing symbiont of mimosa spp. and fixes nitrogen ex planta. | * the ability of burkholderia phymatum stm815 to effectively nodulate mimosa spp., and to fix nitrogen ex planta, was compared with that of the known mimosa symbiont cupriavidus taiwanensis lmg19424. * both strains were equally effective symbionts of m. pudica, but nodules formed by stm815 had greater nitrogenase activity. stm815 was shown to have a broader host range across the genus mimosa than lmg19424, nodulating 30 out of 31 species, 21 of these effectively. lmg19424 effectively nodulated o ... | 2007 | 17176403 |
| flagellin contamination of recombinant heat shock protein 70 is responsible for its activity on t cells. | heat shock proteins (hsp) 60 and 70 have been intensively studied for their ability to activate innate immunity. heat shock proteins had been shown to induce the activation of dendritic cells, t cells, and b cells. however, the possible contamination of endotoxin in heat shock protein preparations makes their function as an activator of immune system ambiguous. here, we examined the ability of bacterial hsp60 and hsp70 to activate jurkat t cells and primary t cells. we found that burkholderia ps ... | 2007 | 17178717 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex nasal isolation in immunocompetent patients with sinonasal polyposis not associated with cystic fibrosis. | | 2007 | 17180349 |
| volatiles of bacterial antagonists inhibit mycelial growth of the plant pathogen rhizoctonia solani. | bacterial antagonists are bacteria that negatively affect the growth of other organisms. many antagonists inhibit the growth of fungi by various mechanisms, e.g., secretion of lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics. such inhibition of fungal growth may indirectly support plant growth. here, we demonstrate that small organic volatile compounds (vocs) emitted from bacterial antagonists negatively influence the mycelial growth of the soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani kühn. s ... | 2007 | 17180381 |
| fatal burkholderia pseudomallei septicaemia. | | 2006 | 17180814 |
| recurrent melioidosis: possible role of infection with multiple strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2007 | 17182754 |
| multilocus sequence typing breathes life into a microbial metagenome. | shot-gun sequencing of dna isolated from the environment and the assembly of metagenomes from the resulting data has considerably advanced the study of microbial diversity. however, the subsequent matching of these hypothetical metagenomes to cultivable microorganisms is a limitation of such cultivation-independent methods of population analysis. using a nucleotide sequence-based genetic typing method, multilocus sequence typing, we were able for the first time to match clonal cultivable isolate ... | 2006 | 17183643 |
| the burkholderia cepacia bcea gene encodes a protein with phosphomannose isomerase and gdp-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase activities. | the bcea gene is part of the burkholderia cepacia ist408 exopolysaccharide (eps) biosynthetic cluster. it encodes a 55.3-kda bifunctional protein (type ii pmi family) with phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) and gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase (gmp) activities. gmp activity is strongly dependent on the presence of ca(2+) or mn(2+), while pmi activity can use a broader variety of divalent cations (ca(2+)>mn(2+)>mg(2+)>co(2+)>ni(2+)). the lack of a functional bcea gene does not affect eps production yiel ... | 2007 | 17184737 |
| proteomic identification and characterization of bacterial factors associated with burkholderia cenocepacia survival in a murine host. | burkholderia cenocepacia is a member of the burkholderia cepacia complex, a diverse family of gram-negative bacteria that are serious respiratory pathogens in immunocompromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. to identify putative bacterial virulence determinants, proteomic profiles were compared between two b. cenocepacia isolates that demonstrated differential persistence in a mouse model of pulmonary infection; clinical isolate c1394 is rapidly cleared from the murine lung where ... | 2007 | 17185549 |
| rhizosphere-bacterial community in eperua falcata (caesalpiniaceae) a putative nitrogen-fixing tree from french guiana rainforest. | the rainforest of french guiana is still largely unaffected by human activity. various pristine sites like the paracou research station are devoted to study this tropical ecosystem. we used culture-independent techniques, like polymerase chain reaction-temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, and construction of clone libraries of partial 16s rrna and nifh genes, to analyze the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of mature trees of eperua falcata and dicorynia guianensis, ... | 2007 | 17186143 |
| identification of potential cepr regulated genes using a cep box motif-based search of the burkholderia cenocepacia genome. | the burkholderia cenocepacia cepir quorum sensing system has been shown to positively and negatively regulate genes involved in siderophore production, protease expression, motility, biofilm formation and virulence. in this study, two approaches were used to identify genes regulated by the cepir quorum sensing system. transposon mutagenesis was used to create lacz promoter fusions in a cepi mutant that were screened for differential expression in the presence of n-acylhomoserine lactones. a bioi ... | 2006 | 17187664 |
| development of signature-tagged mutagenesis in burkholderia pseudomallei to identify genes important in survival and pathogenesis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important human pathogen in southeast asia and northern australia for which a vaccine is unavailable. a panel of 892 double signature-tagged mutants was screened for virulence using an intranasal balb/c mouse model of infection. a novel dna tag microarray identified 33 mutants as being attenuated in spleens, while 6 were attenuated in both lungs and spleens. the transposon insertion sites in spleen-attenuated mutants revealed g ... | 2007 | 17189432 |
| amino acid substitutions in gyra of burkholderia glumae are implicated in not only oxolinic acid resistance but also fitness on rice plants. | oxolinic acid (oa) resistance in field isolates of burkholderia glumae, a causal agent of bacterial grain rot, is dependent on an amino acid substitution at position 83 in gyra (gyra83). in the present study, among spontaneous in vitro mutants from the oa-sensitive b. glumae strain pg-10, we selected oa-resistant mutants that emerged at a rate of 5.7 x 10(-10). nucleotide sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region in gyra showed that gly81cys, gly81asp, asp82gly, ser83arg, ... | 2007 | 17194844 |
| characterization and application of a rolling-circle-type plasmid from cupriavidus taiwanensis. | two small cryptic plasmids, ptj86-1 and ptj86-2, identified in cupriavidus taiwanensis strain tj86, were detected and characterized. complete sequencing of ptj86-1 and ptj86-2 revealed these plasmids to be 2221 and 2229bp in length with a gc content of 61.7% and 61.6%, respectively. both plasmids harbored four open reading frames (orf1, 2, 3 and 4). only the predicted orf1 gene product of both plasmids (436 amino acids) was homologous to rep proteins previously identified on plasmids replicated ... | 2007 | 17196653 |
| [isolation and identification of burkholderia cepacia complex from cystic fibrosis patients]. | in this study, sputum samples collected from cystic fibrosis patients with preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary infection were evaluated for the presence of bacteria belonging to burkholderia cepacia complex by commercial phenotypic systems and reca polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 85 patients ages between 5-30 years (mean age: 12.8 years) were included to the study with female/male ratio of 44/41. the mostly isolated bacteria from 85 sputum samples were found as staphylococcus aureus ( ... | 2006 | 17205687 |
| degradation of 2-nitrobenzoate by burkholderia terrae strain ku-15. | bacterial strain ku-15, identified as a burkholderia terrae by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, was one of 11 new isolates that grew on 2-nitrobenzoate as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. strain ku-15 was also found to grow on anthranilate, 4-nitrobenzoate, and 4-aminobenzoate. whole cells of strain ku-15 were found to accumulate ammonia in the medium, indicating that the degradation of 2-nitrobenzoate proceeds through a reductive route. metabolite analyses by high-performance liquid chromato ... | 2007 | 17213670 |
| the complete structure and pro-inflammatory activity of the lipooligosaccharide of the highly epidemic and virulent gram-negative bacterium burkholderia cenocepacia et-12 (strain j2315). | members of genus burkholderia include opportunistic gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of microorganisms composed of at least nine closely related genomovars. among these, b. cenocepacia is widely recognized to cause epidemics associated with excessive mortality. species that belong to this strain are problematic cf pathogens because of their high resistance to anti ... | 2007 | 17219455 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia requires a periplasmic htra protease for growth under thermal and osmotic stress and for survival in vivo. | burkholderia cenocepacia, a member of the b. cepacia complex, is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. we identified a six-gene cluster in chromosome 1 encoding a two-component regulatory system (bcal2831 and bcal2830) and an htra protease (bcal2829) hypothesized to play a role in the b. cenocepacia stress response. reverse transcriptase pcr analysis of these six genes confirmed they are cotranscribed and comprise an operon. genes in this oper ... | 2007 | 17220310 |
| burkholderia soli sp. nov., isolated from soil cultivated with korean ginseng. | a polyphasic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic position of a gram-negative bacterium isolated from soil cultivated with korean ginseng in the eumseong region of korea. the novel strain, gp25-8(t), grew optimally at ph 6-7, 28 degrees c and 0-1 % nacl (w/v). the major fatty acids were c(18 : 1)omega7c, summed feature 3 (c(16 : 1)omega7c/c(15 : 0) iso 2-oh) and c(16 : 0) (together representing 71.2 % of the total). the 16s rrna gene sequence similarities between strain gp25-8(t) and m ... | 2007 | 17220453 |
| isolation and characterization of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria induced following exposure of soil to hydrogen gas and their impact on plant growth. | in many legumes, the nitrogen fixing root nodules produce h2 gas that diffuses into soil. it has been demonstrated that such exposure of soil to h2 can promote plant growth. to assess whether this may be due to h2-oxidizing microorganisms, bacteria were isolated from soil treated with h2 under laboratory conditions and from soils collected adjacent to h2 producing soybean nodules. nineteen isolates of h2-oxidizing bacteria were obtained and all exhibited a half-saturation coefficient (ks) for h2 ... | 2007 | 17222141 |
| tn5530 from burkholderia cepacia strain 2a encodes a chloride channel protein essential for the catabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | chloride channel proteins (clc) are found in living systems where they transport chloride ions across cell membranes. recently, the structure/function of two prokaryotic clc has been determined but little is known about the role of these proteins in the microbial metabolism of chlorinated compounds. here we show that transposon tn5530 from burkholderia cepacia strain 2a encodes a clc protein (bcclc) which is responsible for expelling cl(-) ions generated during the catabolism of 2,4-dichlorophen ... | 2007 | 17227430 |
| diversity and distribution of burkholderia cepacia complex in the rhizosphere of rice and maize. | a survey of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) species was conducted in agricultural fields within hangzhou, china. out of the 251 bacterial isolates recovered on the selective media from the rhizosphere of rice and maize, 112 of them were assigned to bcc by pcr assays. the species composition of the bcc isolates was analyzed by a combination of reca-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, species-specific pcr tests and reca gene sequencing. the results revealed that the majority belong ... | 2007 | 17233735 |
| immunostimulatory flagellin from burkholderia pseudomallei effects on an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and up-regulation of tnf-alpha by mononuclear cells. | using flow cytometry analysis, the flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei acts as a signalling inducer, and evokes an increase in the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([ca(2+)]i) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the cells with increased [ca(2+)]i segregate into the live monocyte gate and not into the live lymphocyte gates. the stimulated [ca(2+)]i increase can be neutralized with anti-flagellin antibodies. in the absence of [ca(2+)], [ca(2+)]i was increased rapidly in f ... | 2007 | 17237602 |
| the relationship of clinical and inflammatory markers to outcome in stable patients with cystic fibrosis. | decreased survival in patients with cystic fibrosis has been related to fev1, bmi, and infection with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). we have assessed the relationship of blood, sputum, and urine inflammatory markers to lung function, bmi, colonization with b cenocepacia (bc), and patient survival. thirty-nine stable cystic fibrosis (cf) patients (10 with bc) were enrolled in a study to determine the effect of alpha-1-antitrypsin on airways inflammation. pre-treatment measurements were used ... | 2007 | 17238189 |
| expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein (cis) induced in burkholderia pseudomallei--infected mouse macrophages requires bacterial internalization. | we recently reported that burkholderia pseudomallei was able to activate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3) and cytokine-inducible src homology 2-containing protein (cis). in the present study, we presented evidence showing that the induction of these negative regulators was most probably triggered from within rather than at the cell surface of mouse macrophage cell line (raw264.7) suggesting that macrophage activation most likely requires the interaction of bacteria wi ... | 2007 | 17240114 |
| melioidosis: a potentially life threatening infection. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus, burkholderia pseudomallei. it is endemic in tropical australia and in southeast asian countries. the overall mortality from this infection remains extremely high despite recent advancement in its treatment. this review discuss about clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of melioidosis. | 2006 | 17240600 |
| redox and functional analysis of the rieske ferredoxin component of the toluene 4-monooxygenase. | toluene 4-monooxygenase catalyzes the nadh- and o2-dependent hydroxylation of toluene to form p-cresol. the four-protein complex consists of a diiron hydroxylase, an oxidoreductase, a catalytic effector protein, and a rieske-type ferredoxin (t4moc). phylogenetic analysis suggests that t4moc is part of a clade specialized for reaction with diiron hydroxylases, possibly reflected in the conservation of w69, whose indole side chain makes close contacts with a bridging sulfide. in order to further i ... | 2007 | 17240981 |
| identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and related bacteria by multiple-locus sequence typing-derived pcr and real-time pcr. | close relatedness and genomic plasticity characterizing the high-threat pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei render the molecular diagnosis of these species hard to guarantee with a maximal confidence level. this article describes fast molecular assays derived from compiled sequences of housekeeping genes determined in more than 1,000 strains. the assays proved to be robust and appropriate for general detection as well as species identification purposes. | 2007 | 17251403 |
| investigation of a general base mechanism for ester hydrolysis in c-c hydrolase enzymes of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily: a novel mechanism for the serine catalytic triad. | previous mechanistic and crystallographic studies on two c-c hydrolase enzymes, escherichia coli mhpc and burkholderia xenovorans bphd, support a general base mechanism for c-c hydrolytic cleavage, rather than the nucleophilic mechanism expected for a serine hydrolase. the role of the active site serine residue could be to form a hydrogen bond with a gem-diolate intermediate, or to protonate such an intermediate. hydrolase bphd is able to catalyse the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl benzoate ester s ... | 2007 | 17252134 |
| biodegradation of alpha- and beta-endosulfan by soil bacteria. | extensive applications of persistent organochlorine pesticides like endosulfan on cotton have led to the contamination of soil and water environments at several sites in pakistan. microbial degradation offers an effective approach to remove such toxicants from the environment. this study reports the isolation of highly efficient endosulfan degrading bacterial strains from soil. a total of 29 bacterial strains were isolated through enrichment technique from 15 specific sites using endosulfan as s ... | 2007 | 17252313 |
| vntr analysis of selected outbreaks of burkholderia pseudomallei in australia. | molecular typing methods for burkholderia pseudomallei have been successful at assigning isolates into epidemiologically related groups, but have not been able to detect differences and define evolutionary patterns within groups. our variable number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis of a set of 121 australian b. pseudomallei isolates, 104 of which were associated with nine epidemiological groups, provides fine scale differentiation even among very closely related isolates. we used a bayesian model b ... | 2007 | 17258514 |
| redox intermediates in the catalase cycle of catalase-peroxidases from synechocystis pcc 6803, burkholderia pseudomallei, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | monofunctional catalases (ec 1.11.1.6) and catalase-peroxidases (katgs, ec 1.11.1.7) have neither sequence nor structural homology, but both catalyze the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide (2h2o2 --> 2h2o + o2). in monofunctional catalases, the catalatic mechanism is well-characterized with conventional compound i [oxoiron(iv) porphyrin pi-cation radical intermediate] being responsible for hydrogen peroxide oxidation. the reaction pathway in katgs is not as clearly defined, and a comprehensive rap ... | 2007 | 17260948 |
| comparison of antibiotic susceptibility of burkholderia cepacia complex organisms when grown planktonically or as biofilm in vitro. | this study determined the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cultures of burkholderia cepacia complex organisms, a group of highly problematic pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis patients. the biofilm inhibitory concentrations were considerably higher than the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations for meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. however, tobramycin and amikacin were efficacious against both biofilm and planktonic cultures. overall this study showed tha ... | 2007 | 17265071 |
| structural and regulatory genes required to make the gas dimethyl sulfide in bacteria. | dimethyl sulfide (dms) is a key compound in global sulfur and carbon cycles. dms oxidation products cause cloud nucleation and may affect weather and climate. dms is generated largely by bacterial catabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp), a secondary metabolite made by marine algae. we demonstrate that the bacterial gene dddd is required for this process and that its transcription is induced by the dmsp substrate. cloned dddd from the marine bacterium marinomonas and from two bacterial st ... | 2007 | 17272727 |
| expression of the bviir and cepir quorum-sensing systems of burkholderia vietnamiensis. | burkholderia vietnamiensis has both the cepir quorum-sensing system that is widely distributed among the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) and the bviir system. comparison of the expression of cepi, cepr, bvii, and bvir-luxcdabe fusions in b. vietnamiensis g4 and the g4 cepr and bvir mutants determined that the expression of bvii requires both a functional cognate regulator, bvir, and functional cepr. the cepir system, however, is not regulated by bvir. unlike the cepir genes in other bcc speci ... | 2007 | 17277056 |
| genome survey sequencing of the wine spoilage yeast dekkera (brettanomyces) bruxellensis. | the hemiascomycete yeast dekkera bruxellensis, also known as brettanomyces bruxellensis, is a major cause of wine spoilage worldwide. wines infected with d. bruxellensis develop distinctive, unpleasant aromas due to volatile phenols produced by this species, which is highly ethanol tolerant and facultatively anaerobic. despite its importance, however, d. bruxellensis has been poorly genetically characterized until now. we performed genome survey sequencing of a wine strain of d. bruxellensis to ... | 2007 | 17277171 |
| universal sample preparation method for characterization of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | mass spectrometry has been a very useful method to rapidly identify microorganisms associated with infectious diseases, detect bioterrorism threats, and discriminate among different subtypes of a pathogen. in this study, we developed a universal method for bacterial identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. the effects on the mass spectrum of different experimental conditions, including the amount of bacterial cells used and treatment procedu ... | 2007 | 17277202 |
| design of sphingomonad-detecting probes for a dna array, and its application to investigate the behavior, distribution, and source of rhizospherous sphingomonas and other sphingomonads inhabiting an acid sulfate soil paddock in kalimantan, indonesia. | throughout central and south kalimantan, indonesia, strongly acidic soil (ph 2.1-3.7) is widely distributed, and the local acidic soil-tolerant plants, including local rice varieties, often possess sphingomonads in their rhizosphere and rhizoplane. to investigate the behavior of sphingomonads inhabiting the rhizosphere of such acid-tolerant plants, we designed 13 different dna array probes (each of 72 mer) specific to a group of sphingomonads, using a hypervariable v6 region of the 16s rrna gene ... | 2007 | 17284854 |
| hon-yaku: a biology-driven bayesian methodology for identifying translation initiation sites in prokaryotes. | computational prediction methods are currently used to identify genes in prokaryote genomes. however, identification of the correct translation initiation sites remains a difficult task. accurate translation initiation sites (tiss) are important not only for the annotation of unknown proteins but also for the prediction of operons, promoters, and small non-coding rna genes, as this typically makes use of the intergenic distance. a further problem is that most existing methods are optimized for e ... | 2007 | 17286872 |
| a case of prostatitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | a 67-year-old male, with a history of stable lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes mellitus, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gonococcal urethritis, and excessive alcohol consumption, presented to the emergency room with sepsis and acute bacterial prostatitis. he had recently returned from a visit to indonesia, where he had been a first-hand witness to the 2004 tsunami. | 2007 | 17287872 |
| the identification of surface proteins of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the disease melioidosis is a human pathogen endemic in northern australia and south-east asia. at present there is no available vaccine or effective treatment for this disease. surface proteins play crucial roles in the host-pathogen interaction and have been exploited as vaccine candidates and diagnostic targets. therefore, we wished to identify immunogenic surface proteins of b. pseudomallei. to this end we used two proteomic-based approaches i ... | 2007 | 17289218 |
| cystic fibrosis in adults. | the aim of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to describe clinical and functional characteristics and the microbiological profile of an adult population with cystic fibrosis. the study was performed at the pulmonary diseases service of the hospital of the medical school of the state university of campinas. the charts of 54 adults (27 males, 27 females) with cystic fibrosis were reviewed. demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected. clinical and functional characteris ... | 2007 | 17294339 |
| iron acquisition mechanisms of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is comprised of at least 10 closely related species of gram-negative proteobacteria that are associated with infections in certain groups of immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cystic fibrosis. infections in humans tend to occur in the lungs, which present an iron-restricted environment to a prospective pathogen, and accordingly members of the bcc appear to possess efficient mechanisms for iron capture. these bacteria specify up to four d ... | 2007 | 17295049 |
| nasal immunization with burkholderia multivorans outer membrane proteins and the mucosal adjuvant adamantylamide dipeptide confers efficient protection against experimental lung infections with b. multivorans and b. cenocepacia. | chronic lung infection by opportunistic pathogens, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the burkholderia cepacia complex, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. outer membrane proteins (omps) of gram-negative bacteria are promising vaccine antigen candidates. in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity, protection, and cross-protection conferred by intranasal vaccination of mice with omps from b. multivorans plus the mucosal adjuvant adamantylam ... | 2007 | 17296759 |
| multiscale responses of microbial life to spatial distance and environmental heterogeneity in a patchy ecosystem. | spatial distance (sd) and environmental heterogeneity (eh) are currently thought to represent major factors shaping genetic variation and population abundance, but their relative importance is still poorly understood. because eh varies at multiple spatial scales, so too are microbial variables expected to vary. the determination of sd x eh interactions at multiple scales is, however, not a trivial exercise, especially when one examines their effects on microbial abundance and genomic similaritie ... | 2007 | 17296935 |
| combinative effects of a bacterial type-iii effector and a biocontrol bacterium on rice growth and disease resistance. | expression of hpag(xoo), a bacterial type-iii effector, in transgenic plants induces disease resistance. resistance also can be elicited by biocontrol bacteria. in both cases, plant growth is often promoted. here we address whether biocontrol bacteria and hpag(xoo) can act together to provide better results in crop improvement. we studied effects of pseudomonas cepacia on the rice variety r109 and the hpag(xoo)-expressing rice line her1. compared to r109, her1 showed increased growth, grain yiel ... | 2006 | 17301500 |
| transport of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance-carrying plasmids through porous media. | microbial antibiotic resistance has emerged as not only a major medical problem but also as an environmental engineering challenge, with antibiotic resistance genetic elements as environmental pollutants. the transport characteristics of a tetracycline-resistant bacterium (b. cepacia) and plasmids carrying tetracycline-resistance genes were investigated using flow-through columns packed with porous media. higher influent cell concentrations (1.1 x 10(8) cfu ml(-1)) resulted in higher breakthroug ... | 2006 | 17302340 |
| aetiology and management of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis: look before you leap. | we report a rare difficult-to-manage case of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei, the category two organism with atypical sensitivity pattern. the patient was a 29-year-old who presented with a history of dull aching pain in the left thigh region for one year. local examination revealed a diffuse swelling and tenderness. any similar presentation should therefore always be supported by microbiological opinion to prevent prolonged morbidity, especially in immunocom ... | 2007 | 17304376 |
| identification of bacteria isolated from diseased neungee mushroom, sarcodon aspratus. | as the first step in an investigation of the problem with quality deterioration seen in the neungee mushroom (sarcodon aspratus) due to bacterial overgrowth during its storage, an attempt to isolate bacterial strains was made using infected gills of sarcodon aspratus. five bacterial strains were isolated; one phototrophic cyanobacterial species and four heterotrophic gram negative rods. the four heterotrophic bacterial isolates (strains p, s, r, and mk1) were subjected to identification based on ... | 2007 | 17304616 |
| suitability of partial 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis for the identification of dangerous bacterial pathogens. | in a bioterrorism event a rapid tool is needed to identify relevant dangerous bacteria. the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of partial 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and the suitability of diverse databases for identifying dangerous bacterial pathogens. | 2007 | 17309636 |
| interference of quorum sensing and virulence of the rice pathogen burkholderia glumae by an engineered endophytic bacterium. | many bacterial species are known to thrive within plants. among these bacteria, a group referred to as endophytes provide beneficial effects to the host plants by the promotion of plant growth and the suppression of plant pathogens. among 44 putative endophytic isolates isolated from surface-sterilized rice roots, burkholderia sp. kj006 was selected for further study because of a lack of pathogenicity to rice, a broad spectrum of antifungal properties, and the presence of the nifh gene, which is ... | 2007 | 17313662 |
| profiling mechanisms of alkane hydroxylase activity in vivo using the diagnostic substrate norcarane. | mechanistically informative chemical probes are used to characterize the activity of functional alkane hydroxylases in whole cells. norcarane is a substrate used to reveal the lifetime of radical intermediates formed during alkane oxidation. results from oxidations of this probe with organisms that contain the two most prevalent medium-chain-length alkane-oxidizing metalloenzymes, alkane omega-monooxygenase (alkb) and cytochrome p450 (cyp), are reported. the results--radical lifetimes of 1-7 ns ... | 2007 | 17317570 |
| emerging cystic fibrosis pathogens: incidence and antimicrobial resistance. | we examined the frequency of isolation and the antimicrobial resistance of burkholderia cepacia complex, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and achromobacter xylosoxidans in cystic fibrosis patients from 2000 to 2004. strains susceptibility to tobramycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime was determined by disc diffusion assay. b. cepacia complex showed a very high resistance also to ciprofloxacin reaching 100% in 2004. s. maltophilia and a. xvylosoxidans sho ... | 2007 | 17319602 |
| generation by a widely applicable approach of a hybrid dioxygenase showing improved oxidation of polychlorobiphenyls. | recently, a sequence-based approach has been developed for the fast isolation and characterization of class ii aryl-hydroxylating dioxygenase activities (s. kahl and b. hofer, microbiology 149:1475-1481, 2003). it comprises the pcr amplification of segments of alpha subunit genes of unknown sequence that encode the catalytic center and their fusion with sequences of the bpha gene cluster of burkholderia xenovorans lb400. one of the resulting chimeric enzymes, harboring the core segment of a diox ... | 2007 | 17322323 |
| subdural empyema due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2000 | 17322677 |
| characterization of sodc, a periplasmic superoxide dismutase from burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacillus and a member of the burkholderia cepacia complex. b. cenocepacia can survive intracellularly in phagocytic cells and can produce at least one superoxide dismutase (sod). the inability of o2- to cross the cytoplasmic membrane, coupled with the periplasmic location of cu,znsods, suggests that periplasmic sods protect bacteria from superoxide that has an exogenous origin (for example, when cells are faced with reactive oxygen i ... | 2007 | 17325048 |
| conformational stability and differential structural analysis of lcrv, pcrv, bipd, and sipd from type iii secretion systems. | diverse gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) consists of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and an external needle. a sensor protein lies at the needle tip to detect environmental signals that trigger type iii secretion. the shigella flexneri t3sa needle tip protein, invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad), possesses two independently folding domains in v ... | 2007 | 17327391 |