| [an immunological analysis of the hemagglutinin from the influenza a virus (h1n1) isolated by using various detergents]. | immunogenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin, isolated by new detergents o-14 (desintegron-o) and b-14 (desintegron-b) have been studied. hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-o has been found to be more immunogenic than virions. it has been shown that hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-b induces a lower humoral immune response than the influenza virus. | 1990 | 2215286 |
| palmitoylation of the influenza a virus m2 protein. | the m2 proteins of a variety of influenza a viruses of different subtypes were shown to possess associated palmitate. susceptibility to removal by reduction or treatment with hydroxylamine is consistent with attachment via a thioester linkage to cysteine. the absence of the acyl group from the m2 proteins of several equine viruses of the h3n8 subtype correlates with the replacement of cysteine 50 with phenylalanine and points to this as the site of palmitate attachment. | 1990 | 2219738 |
| [the prodigiozan and pyrogenal stimulation of the humoral response to influenza virus antigens in mice]. | the adjuvant properties of prodigiosan and pyrogenal, lipopolysaccharides of medical importance, were studied. prodigiosan inoculated to mice together with influenza virus was found, on the one hand, to increase 10-fold the titer of specific antibodies and, on the other, to allow to reduce the antigen dose 50-fold or more. no adjuvant properties of pyrogenal were observed under the experimental conditions. | 1990 | 2219848 |
| [the immunomodulating action of mytilan in an experimental influenza infection]. | the materials characterizing the immunomodulating activity of mytilan, a bioglycane from an industrial object of japanese sea, crenomytilus grayanus, in experimental influenza infection are presented. the preparation protected up to 60% of mice intranasally inoculated with influenza virus, and significantly inhibited influenza virus reproduction. it induced interferon (possibly gamma if) synthesis in low titres. the immunomodulating effect of mytilan consisted in stimulation of specific antibody ... | 1990 | 2219849 |
| isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey cells from a child with acute interstitial pneumonia who cytologically had giant-cell pneumonia without a rash. | the isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (prmk) in patients with documented giant-cell pneumonia who have presented without a rash is limited. the diagnosis usually is made by cytologic examination of nasal or bronchial secretions in which characteristic multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are observed. the diagnosis of giant-cell pneumonia has been associated with measles virus but not exclusively. canine distemper, herp ... | 1990 | 2220674 |
| characterisation of an avian influenza virus nucleoprotein expressed in e. coli and in insect cells. | the nucleoprotein (np) gene from influenza virus a/shearwater/australia/72 has been expressed intracellularly in both e. coli and insect cells. e. coli-derived np was identified by western blot analysis as a 56 kda protein which co-migrates with virion-derived np. this protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and a nitrocellulose binding assay showed that np formed complexes with positive- and negative-sense influenza neuraminidase rna transcribed in vitro. elisa and western blot an ... | 1990 | 2222185 |
| immunogenic properties of iscom prepared with influenza virus nucleoprotein. | after covalent attachment of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the nucleoprotein of influenza a virus, this water-soluble antigen could be incorporated firmly into iscom. this potent "immunostimulating complex" induced the production of high antibody titers in mice and could partially protect the animals from a lethal challenge infection. after immunization with iscom preparations np-specific cytotoxic t cell activity could not be demonstrated. | 1990 | 2222187 |
| antigenic stability of h3 influenza viruses in the domestic duck population of southern china. | an antigenic analysis was carried out on 145 duck influenza virus isolates of the h3 haemagglutinin subtype obtained over five years continuous surveillance from the region of southern china, a hypothetical influenza epicentre. this was done using a panel of twelve monoclonal antibodies raised to an early human strain of the h3 subtype. we demonstrate the existence of an extensive range of antigenic profiles, broadly similar but not identical to the human h3 strain, which persisted over the five ... | 1990 | 2222188 |
| characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant in the rna polymerase pb2 subunit gene of influenza a/wsn/33 virus. | the temperature-sensitive mutant ts-1 of influenza virus a/wsn/33 carries mutations in the gene encoding rna polymerase pb2 subunit. effect of temperature on various steps of viral rna synthesis was examined using disrupted virions of ts-1 mutant. the initiation of rna synthesis with dinucleotide apg primer was not affected by elevated temperature, whereas that with primer rna containing 5'-terminal cap-1 structure was temperature-sensitive. the result supports the previous notion deduced from t ... | 1990 | 2222191 |
| [the structure of carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86]. | the main surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (ha), was obtained by treatment of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86 with bromelain. amino acid and monosaccharide compositions of ha and neuraminidase (na, earlier isolated from the same virus) were determined, thus showing ha and na to contain 8-10 and 2 carbohydrate chains, respectively. the carbohydrate fragments were cleaved off by the alkaline libh4 treatment, the oligosaccharides released were reduced with nab3h4 and fractionated by two-step h ... | 1990 | 2222528 |
| cold-adapted influenza viruses for use as live vaccines for man. | | 1990 | 2222834 |
| [the effects of treatment with unpurified milk-based preparations in experimental influenza virus infection in mice]. | | 1990 | 2223654 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic approach to the separation of antiviral and immunostimulant fractions in neuramide. | neuramide, a tissue extract having antiviral action against influenza a virus and immunostimulant action, was analyzed by preparative size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and a low-molecular-weight fraction responsible for the antiviral action was isolated after reversed-phase hplc. four fractions having immunostimulant activity were also isolated, as evidenced by their potentiating action in the human lymphocyte proliferation induced by phytohaemagglutinin. | 1990 | 2229223 |
| influenza outbreaks in nursing homes: how effective is influenza vaccine in the institutionalized elderly? | during the 1984-1985 influenza season, outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2) occurred in three connecticut nursing homes. influenza vaccination rates were 67% (96 out of 144), 35% (30 out of 85) and 69% (332 out of 483), respectively. the relative risk of illness for vaccinated compared to unvaccinated residents was 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.6, 5.9), 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.8, 3.0) and 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.8, 1.7) for each of the three nursing homes, respectively. in the third ... | 1990 | 2230050 |
| morphological studies of the neutralization of influenza virus by igm. | quantitative relationships between neutralization, aggregation and attachment to monolayers of chick embryo fibroblast (cef) cells have been studied using a constant amount of influenza a/fowl plague virus/rostock/34 (h7n1) and varying amounts of purified mouse polyclonal igm directed against the haemagglutinin, the major viral neutralization antigen. there are two major types of interaction. (i) at low concentrations of igm there is aggregation of virus, but no neutralization provided that the ... | 1990 | 2230737 |
| molecular analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of an avian h1n1 influenza virus. | this study presents the first nucleotide sequence and deduced primary amino acid sequence of a subtype h1 haemagglutinin from the avian influenza virus a/duck/alberta/35/76 (h1n1). the molecule is structurally, antigenically and molecularly similar to h1 haemagglutinins of human viruses but sequence homology differences indicate that there has not been a recent transfer of haemagglutinin genetic information between them. | 1990 | 2230742 |
| molecular characterization of a new hemagglutinin, subtype h14, of influenza a virus. | two influenza a viruses whose hemagglutinin (ha) did not react with any of the reference antisera for the 13 recognized ha subtypes were isolated from mallard ducks in the ussr. antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests showed that the has of these viruses are similar to each other but distinct from the has of other influenza a viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that these ha genes differ from each other by only 21 nucleotides. however, they dif ... | 1990 | 2238469 |
| in vitro human cytotoxic t cell responses against influenza a virus can be induced and selected by synthetic peptides. | studies on human anti-influenza cytolytic activities have demonstrated that cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) from hla-b37 individuals react preferentially with the peptide corresponding to residues 335-349 of the nucleoprotein, whereas ctl from hla-a2 donors recognize peptide 57-68 from the viral matrix as a dominant epitope. we studied the secondary ctl response, obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, of an hla-a2+,b37+ individual stimulated either by infectious virus or by synthetic pe ... | 1990 | 2242754 |
| influenza: a serious epidemic disease that can be prevented. | | 1990 | 2247100 |
| a nucleoprotein peptide of influenza a virus stimulates assembly of hla-b27 class i heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin translated in vitro. | most cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize epitopes of foreign viral proteins in association with class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules. viral proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm require intracellular fragmentation and exposure to the class i antigens for the development of ctl responses. although indirect evidence for binding of peptides to class i antigens has accumulated, direct binding has only been shown recently. the formation of complexes between peptide and class i ... | 1990 | 2247148 |
| antigenic analysis of recent influenza virus isolates. | | 1990 | 2248884 |
| [hibernal respiratory disorders]. | a long term serological surveillance of the acute respiratory illnesses was conducted, looking for infections by adenoviruses, influenza a.b.c. parainfluenza 1,2,3 and respiratory syncytial viruses as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci. the analysis of the results accumulated for the past 20 years was carried out. influenza c. coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci infections were rare and could not account for any epidemic prevalence. the other agents produc ... | 1990 | 2249087 |
| fatty acids on the a/japan/305/57 influenza virus hemagglutinin have a role in membrane fusion. | the covalent attachment of fatty acid moieties to proteins is a widespread post-translational modification of viral and cell proteins yet the functional consequences of acylation are not well understood. we have determined that the a/japan/305/57 influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) contains three potential acylation sites at cysteine residues 211, 218 and 221 in the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule. site-directed mutagenesis of one or more of these sites has no effect on biosynthesis, transport ... | 1990 | 2249653 |
| a survey of infectious diseases in wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) from arkansas. | wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) trapped as part of a relocation program by the arkansas game and fish commission were tested for selected infectious diseases and parasites. the 45 birds were trapped at four locations in pope, scott, and montgomery counties (arkansas, usa). forty-four blood samples for serology, 27 blood smears and 12 fecal samples were collected. of the serum samples tested, 20 of 44 (45%) were positive for pasteurella multocida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 1990 | 2250323 |
| functional role of respiratory tract haemagglutinin-specific iga antibodies in protection against influenza. | intranasal inoculation of haemagglutinin (ha) purified from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8, h1n1) together with cholera toxin b subunit, into balb/c mice resulted in complete protection against pr8 infection in parallel with the induction of high levels of ha-specific iga and igg antibodies on the respiratory tract. the respiratory tract iga and igg were purified from nasal and lung washings of the immunized mice using affinity columns, and their ha-specific activities were measured by enzyme-li ... | 1990 | 2251874 |
| enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or purified f glycoprotein and challenged with rsv 3-6 months after immunization. | formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv, purified f glycoprotein in alum, and rsv infection (intranasal) were compared for their immunogenicity, efficacy, and ability to enhance pulmonary histopathology during rsv infection 3 and 6 months following immunization by the intramuscular route. purified influenza virus in alum was used as a control immunogen. at 1 month following immunization with one dose of purified f glycoprotein (5 micrograms), cotton rats developed levels of f antibodies (elisa) higher tha ... | 1990 | 2251875 |
| [the antibody activity to synthetic c-terminal fragments of the heavy-chain hemagglutinins of influenza virus a subtypes h1 and h3]. | c-terminal peptide fragments of the heavy chain (ha1) of influenza virus, subtypes h1 and h3, hemagglutinins were synthesized. rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with peptides h3 (314-328) and h1 (314-328) conjugates with bsa developed high immune response to conjugated peptides. solid-phase ria demonstrated interaction of antisera to peptide h3 (314-328) with a/aichi/2/68 virus which was inhibited by peptides h3 (314-328) and h3 (317-328) but not by h3 (320-328), that is, antibodies interacted p ... | 1990 | 2256311 |
| [functional activity of glycoproteins from interepidemic isolates of the influenza virus]. | the results of the study into the function of glycoproteins of influenza viruses isolated in the 1987 interepidemic period. natural isolates were found to have virus particles with deficient neuraminidase activity but retained hemolytic and infectious activity. biological sequences of the lack of neuraminidase activity in the isolates consisted in disorders of sialic acid metabolism in the infected cells, blocking of the receptor site of hemagglutinin and increased sensitivity to inhibitors. it ... | 1990 | 2256312 |
| [the detection of the influenza virus in the small intestine in diarrhea in piglets]. | electron microscopy used for examinations of small intestine suspensions of piglets in the prenatal and postnatal periods allowed influenza virions to be identified in virus population. an attempt was made to preserve the discovered population in alternating animal--cell culture--animal passages. serological examinations of the swine herd confirmed the circulation of influenza viruses in the herd. | 1990 | 2256313 |
| [the use of monoclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of the hemagglutinin of the influenza a virus (h2n2) and its antibodies]. | | 1990 | 2256322 |
| [influenza epidemics in the ussr and czechoslovakia in 1979-1984]. | in this work materials characterizing the appearance and development of influenza epidemic at the territories of the ussr and the czech socialist republic are presented, the common features and differences of the epidemic process in both countries are recorded. the work shows that in both countries the appearance of this epidemic is caused by the same virus. in most cases the epidemic started earlier and lasted longer in the ussr, but morbidity rate during the epidemic was, on the whole, higher ... | 1990 | 2256401 |
| [influenza]. | | 1990 | 2258671 |
| [evaluation of an anti-influenza vaccine in a group of elderly]. | to 57 individuals of the old people's home in güines and artemisa municipalities, without vaccinal contraindications, was administered and inactivated bivalent antigrippal vaccine with the antigenic content: a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) and a/filipina/2/82 (h3n2). trough the inhibition technique of hemagglutination in pair sera, satisfactory results (seroconversion) were obtained in more of the vaccinated individuals, for both antigens. local reactions such as erythema and papule were observed. nine pati ... | 1990 | 2259788 |
| molecular clock of viral evolution, and the neutral theory. | evolution of viral genes is characterized by enormously high speed compared with that of nuclear genes of eukaryotic organisms. in this paper, the evolutionary rates and patterns of base substitutions are examined for retroviral oncogenes, human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv), hepatitis b viruses (hbv), and influenza a viruses. our results show that the evolutionary process of these viral genes can readily be explained by the neutral theory of molecular evolution. in particular, the neutral theo ... | 1990 | 2263602 |
| [comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization to influenza in a large clinical trial. 1. results of clinico-epidemiologic studies]. | 360 volunteers were recruited for the investigation from a homologous collective. 174 were immunized parenterally with "influmun" from ssw dresden, gdr. 176 volunteers were immunized twice orally with an interval of 60 days with an influenza vaccine inactivated by x-ray using enteric-coated capsules. in an interval of six months ari-symptoms were investigated. between 13th and 17th week 1988 an increased ari-morbidity in the greifswald-region was observed in which influenza a viruses were involv ... | 1990 | 2264362 |
| an experimental influenza subunit vaccine (iscom): induction of protective immunity to challenge infection in mice after intranasal or subcutaneous administration. | an experimental influenza virus (a/pr/8/34(h1n1] vaccine was tested and evaluated in mice. the mice were inoculated once or twice intranasally or subcutaneously with 1 or 10 micrograms of iscoms prior to challenge with high dose of live virus. it was demonstrated that two intranasal administrations were as efficient as two s.c. administrations, both routes inducing high levels of antibody and protection against challenge infection. with a one-dose regimen, the s.c. route induced a somewhat highe ... | 1990 | 2265484 |
| influenza: a preventable disease finally being prevented in colorado. | | 1990 | 2265524 |
| amantadine for influenza a. | | 1990 | 2267089 |
| [postvaccinal anti-influenza immunity and its determining factors]. | | 1990 | 2267774 |
| [the heterogeneity of an influenza virus a population in its capacity to induce the synthesis of avid antibodies]. | influenza a virus variants were found to be capable of inducing synthesis of avid antibodies when different species and lines of animals were immunized. cba mice were the most convenient model permitting differentiation of "avidogenic" from "nonavidogenic" virus variants with a high degree of certainty. recombinants may differ from parental viruses in their capacity to induce synthesis of avid antibody; with this, the transmission of only one gene (ha) from the "avidogenic" parent into the syste ... | 1990 | 2267775 |
| [changes in the protease activity in the lungs of mice infected with the influenza a virus]. | in uninfected animals, the level of protease and protease-inhibiting activities in the serum are in balance which is broken after influenza a virus infection. most profound changes occur within the first few hours after infection. in 6 hours postinfection the amount of protease decreases both in the lungs and serum of the infected animals, and the protease-inhibiting activity increases. in the period of the highest accumulation of the infectious virus 2 days after infection, proteolytic activity ... | 1990 | 2267776 |
| [the primary structure of the hemagglutinin gene of strain a/riga/9977/86--a drift variant of influenza virus a(h3n2)]. | the hemagglutinin gene primary structure of influenza virus a/riga/9977/86 (h3n2) belonging to the "coen/84" antigenic subgroup was determined by primer sequencing. a comparative analysis confirmed that the reversions of amino acids in the late stages of the h3 influenza virus subtype antigenic drift became more frequent and the antigenic variants remained in epidemic circulation longer. the possible role of some mutations is discussed. | 1990 | 2267777 |
| [the characteristics of the hemagglutinin from persistent variants of the influenza virus a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2)]. | electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the reference influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus and its persisting variants (pv) showed that the pv isolated on the 158th day from the moment of persistence modelling (pv158) had mutation in the gene of hemagglutinin (ha). this mutation is manifested by incomplete ha synthesis at 40 degrees c and increase of mobility of the light ha subunit (ha2). analysis of nucleotide sequence of the greater part of ha gene of pv158 virus revealed 5 nucleotide sub ... | 1990 | 2267778 |
| [the effect of the procedure for sampling clinical material on the detection of influenza virus antigens by immunochemical methods]. | | 1990 | 2267786 |
| some reasons of insufficient efficiency of anti-influenza vaccination. | | 1990 | 2268546 |
| demonstration of "all or none" rule in the antiviral activity of complement. | | 1990 | 2268547 |
| isolation and characterization of igg2a-reactive autoantibodies from influenza virus-infected balb/c mice. | repeated influenza virus infection induces the production of dominantly igg2a-type virus-specific antibodies as well as the appearance of igg2a-reactive autoantibodies in balb/c mice characterized by low spontaneous rheumatoid factor-type autoantibody production. igg2a-reactive autoantibody-producing hybridomas could be isolated from the spleen of influenza virus-infected balb/c mice. the mab produced by these clones represent not only igm but also igg and iga isotypes and show strong isotype or ... | 1990 | 2269331 |
| identification of viruses in a study of acute respiratory tract infection in children from uruguay. | for the purpose of identifying viral agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ari) in children less than 5 years old, a longitudinal community study was undertaken in montevideo, uruguay, from may 1985 to december 1987. this report includes results obtained by cell culture and immunofluorescence techniques for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1 and 3 viruses, and adenovirus. two populations were studied: children visited a ... | 1990 | 2270420 |
| fusion of influenza hemagglutinin-expressing fibroblasts with glycophorin-bearing liposomes: role of hemagglutinin surface density. | influenza virus gains access to the cytoplasm of its host cell by means of a fusion event between viral and host cell membrane. fusion is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) and is triggered by low ph. to learn how many hemagglutinin trimers are necessary to cause membrane fusion, we have used two nih 3t3 fibroblast cell lines that express ha protein at different surface densities. on the basis of quantitations of the number of ha trimers per cell and the relative surface ar ... | 1990 | 2271610 |
| do influenza epidemics spread to neighbouring countries? | this study compares the main causes of influenza epidemics reported in czechoslovakia (csr) and the german democratic republic (gdr) during the 9 seasons between 1980 and 1988. the influenza epidemics due to identical virus types were experienced in the two countries in the 1980, 1984 and 1986 seasons, and of these only the 1984 epidemic associated with a-strain influenza a/chile/1/83 (h1n1) virus could be demonstrated to spread from the eastern parts of the csr to the northern areas of the gdr. ... | 1990 | 2273246 |
| kinetic immunochemical studies of igg production during local and systemic anti-influenza immune response in rats. | the kinetics of anti-influenza igg antibodies in serum and nasal wash during the local and systemic immune response in rats was studied. the influenza virus a/hk/1/68 (h3n2) was injected by two different routes--intranasally and subcutaneously in the hind footpads. the proliferation of the ig-forming cells in the popliteal and paratracheal lymph nodes either local or distant according to the mode of virus administration was also studied. the results obtained during the primary and secondary immu ... | 1990 | 2273250 |
| characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ... | 1990 | 2273387 |
| [anti-influenza virus effect of dunhuang air cleaning agent]. | dunhuang air cleaning agent is an emulsion made from the efficacious ingredients of traditional chinese drugs, antivirotic test in vitro and virus destroying test with atomization were made in our department. it was proved that the agent possesses anti-influenza virus effect. being an ideal agent for air cleaning, it may be used in the prevention of (common) cold and influenza epidemic. | 1990 | 2275779 |
| murine cd4+ t cell clones vary in function in vitro and in influenza infection in vivo. | several cd4+ th1 clones specific for influenza haemagglutinin or nucleoprotein were transferred into syngeneic mice after intranasal influenza infection to examine whether they accelerate viral clearance in vivo similarly to cd8+ cytotoxic t cells. we observed changes in functional properties of the cd4+ clones in vitro and variable effects on the course of infection in vivo. while some clones resulted in more rapid virus clearance, others had no protective effect, but rather exacerbated illness ... | 1990 | 2278991 |
| oral immunization with a polyvalent bacterial lysate can reduce mortality by infection with s. pneumoniae or influenza a in mice. | we investigated the effect of oral immunization in of mice which were exposed to s. pneumoniae or influenza a. the results suggest that oral immunization reduces the mortality rate. we believe that this effect is partially due to nonspecific defense mechanisms. | 1990 | 2281063 |
| isolations of influenza a viruses from passerine birds in malaysia. | | 1990 | 2281590 |
| safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza a epidemic. | a placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of a low dose (100 mg) of rimantadine hydrochloride against naturally occurring influenza in adults was conducted at two sites. after the onset of the influenza season, volunteers (ages, 18 to 55 years) were assigned randomly to receive rimantadine or placebo daily. subjects were monitored for adverse effects and evidence of influenza virus infection weekly for six weeks. only 10 (8.7%) of 114 rimantadine r ... | 1990 | 2285274 |
| [an outbreak of influenza in hospital personnel]. | during the last week of december 1989, an outbreak of respiratory system infection involved 32 hospital personnel and 2 patients was detected in gazi university medical faculty hospital. white blood cells count of the patients were either normal or there were a slight leucopenia. throat cultures of the most patients were normal. serum aso, crp, bilirubin, ast and alt were usually within normal limits. according to symptoms, signs and laboratory data we considered a viral disease, especially infl ... | 1990 | 2287292 |
| [serologic response measured by complement fixation in children with acute respiratory infection]. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of complement fixation for serological diagnosis of lower acute respiratory infections (ari) in small children in comparison with direct methods such as indirect immunofluorescence (iif) on nasopharyngeal aspirate and tissue culture isolation. sera from children under 5 year of age with ari were studied by complement fixation for 6 respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1 and 3). ... | 1990 | 2287713 |
| cot deaths in canterbury (nz): lack of association with respiratory virus patterns. | this study was done to see whether any association between sids and respiratory viruses might be more obvious in canterbury where the cot death rate is so high (about seven per thousand live births). the numbers of common respiratory virus identifications for the eight year period july 1981 to june 1989 were analysed for associations with cot death. the identifications were from inpatients at the christchurch public hospital and other community sources in canterbury. weak associations were found ... | 1990 | 2291729 |
| [review of the present status of prevention, prophylaxis and therapy of pertussis and parapertussis]. | whooping cough is endemic throughout the world. it becomes epidemic every 4-5 years (yugoslavia 3-4 yrs). in europe its incidence ranges from 0.4 (hungary) to even 59/100.000 inhabitants (rumania; yugoslavia 28), with a general letality of 0.1% (infants: 1%; 75% children who die are younger than one yr). only 5-10% cases are supposed to be registered. a low socioeconomic status is more and more emphasized as the principal risk factor. its transmission rate is high (home contacts: 80-100%); infec ... | 1990 | 2292902 |
| effect of rimantadine on cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses and immunity to reinfection in mice infected with influenza a virus. | administration of rimantadine to mice via drinking water, following a prophylactic dose, reduced lung virus titers by greater than 3 log10 plague-forming units (pfu)/ml but caused only marginal reductions in lung virus titers when therapy was started 8 h after exposure to virus. mice given rimantadine prophylactically plus therapeutically were resistant to rechallenge with virus at a dose equivalent to that used for the primary infection (50 pfu/mouse) but not to a high dose (1 x 10(5) pfu/mouse ... | 1990 | 2299203 |
| antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines of various antigenic concentrations. | four inactivated influenza vaccines (containing the recommended antigens for the 1985-1986 influenza season) of various antigenic concentration levels were randomly administered to 140 study participants. the effect of the increasing antigen concentration resulted in significantly higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody levels 3 weeks after vaccination for the a/h1n1 antigen but not for the a/h3n2 or b antigens. also, at 3 weeks after vaccination, there were significantly lowe ... | 1990 | 2299213 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states, 1989-1990. | | 1990 | 2299754 |
| influenza-associated rhabdomyolysis in a child. | | 1990 | 2300416 |
| independent and disparate evolution in nature of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins. | the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) external glycoprotein antigens of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of epidemiologically important influenza a viruses prevalent during recent decades were subjected to intensive antigenic analysis by four different methods. prior to serological analysis with polyclonal rabbit antisera, ha and na antigens of four viruses of each subtype were segregated by genetic reassortment to forestall nonspecific steric hindrance during antigen-antibody combination. this an ... | 1990 | 2300562 |
| [treatment of influenza a with amantadine. when? how?]. | | 1990 | 2301071 |
| specificity and in vitro transfer of the immunosuppressive effect of detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine. | primed murine splenocytes give an in vitro antibody response to influenza whole virus vaccine (wvv), as measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia). when subunit vaccine (sv) of either influenza a or influenza b virus was added to in vitro splenocyte cultures stimulated with wvv, the eia antibody response to homologous wvv was reduced. this reduction in antibody response was observed when sv was prepared using zwitterionic detergent (empigen bb), non-ionic detergent (triton-x-100) or cationic detergent ... | 1990 | 2302839 |
| mechanisms of neutralization of influenza virus on mouse tracheal epithelial cells by mouse monoclonal polymeric iga and polyclonal igm directed against the viral haemagglutinin. | the mechanism of neutralization of a type a influenza virus by polyclonal igm was similar for both tracheal epithelial and bhk cells. maximum neutralization was only 90% and most (70%) of the virus failed to attach to inoculated cells. the remainder attached to n-acetylneuraminic acid receptors but was not internalized. igm aggregated virus, but only at an igm: virus ratio below the level required for neutralization. failure to detect any loss of infectivity associated with aggregation suggested ... | 1990 | 2303801 |
| class i h-2d-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza virus subtype n1. | class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the neuraminidase (na) glycoprotein of subtype n1 influenza a viruses have been demonstrated in balb/c mice. responses to na were obtained only in protocols that use two in vivo inoculations of virus, including a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the na of subtype n1 influenza virus (na-vac) to prime or boost. restimulation in vitro was also required for ctl recognition of na and strongly depende ... | 1990 | 2304137 |
| vaccination with inactivated influenza a virus during pregnancy protects neonatal mice against lethal challenge by influenza a viruses representing three subtypes. | a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a monovalent formalin-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine protected their offspring against a lethal challenge dose of the same influenza a virus h3n2, h2n2, and h1n1 subtypes, as well as against challenge with the other two subtypes. degree of protection was vaccine dose related. cross-fostering of neonates indicated that protection was conferred by breast milk antibodies. serum virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the mothers and ... | 1990 | 2304146 |
| passively transferred monoclonal antibody to the m2 protein inhibits influenza a virus replication in mice. | the m2 protein of influenza a virus is expressed on the surfaces of infected cells, and a monoclonal antibody to this protein inhibits plaque enlargement of sensitive influenza a viruses without reducing plaque titer (s.l. zebedee and r.a. lamb, j. virol. 62:2762-2772, 1988). in the current study, passively transferred monoclonal antibody to m2 reduced the level of replication of influenza a virus but not of influenza b virus in the lungs of mice. these experiments demonstrated that antibody to ... | 1990 | 2304147 |
| comparison of neuraminidases of the same subtype but from different species using a new method of titration. | neuraminidase is one of the two surface glycoproteins of influenza virions. in order to compare neuraminidases of the same subtype but isolated from different species (man, birds, pig), a new and simple method was adapted and optimized using peanut hemagglutinin. results were very similar to those obtained with the classical method recommended by the who, using fetuin as a substrate. the technique was used to examine the relationship between animal and human neuraminidases belonging to serotypes ... | 1990 | 2307719 |
| high-affinity binding of an influenza hemagglutinin-derived peptide to purified hla-dr. | immunogenic peptides have been shown to bind detergent-solubilized class ii (ia) molecules from mice. in this investigation, we report that highly purified hla-dr (dr) molecules in detergent solution are capable of binding a synthetic peptide (hap) derived from the influenza hemagglutinin sequence. although the presentation of this peptide has been demonstrated only to dr1-restricted th cells, the association rate constants for the formation of hap-dr1, -dr5, and -dr8 complexes were essentially ... | 1990 | 2307844 |
| observation of single influenza virus-cell fusion and measurement by fluorescence video microscopy. | we have used intensified video fluorescence microscopy and digital image processing to observe and quantitate influenza virus (a/pr8/34/h1n1) fusion to human erythrocyte membranes. viruses labeled with the lipid probe octadecylrhodamine b (r18) were seen to undergo fluorescence dequenching and eventual disappearance after exposure to ph levels known to induce virus-cell membrane fusion. quantitative intensity measurements of single individual particles were possible. from these fluorescence data ... | 1990 | 2308945 |
| consolidation of intramolecular disulfide bonds in influenza virus hemagglutinin as an element of intracellular maturation. | electrophoretic behavior of influenza virus hemagglutinin during sds electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel is critically dependent on the life time in the infected cells and also on the conditions of sample preparation and analysis. during electrophoresis of total cell lysate proteins under nonreducing conditions the short-labeled hemagglutinin is detected as multiple bands, electrophoretic mobility of most of them being lower than that of hemagglutinin of viral particles. this heterogeneity fai ... | 1990 | 2309439 |
| cholera holotoxin and its b subunit enhance peyer's patch b cell responses induced by orally administered influenza virus: disproportionate cholera toxin enhancement of the iga b cell response. | in these studies we analyzed the adjuvant effect of cholera holotoxin or cholera toxin (ct) b subunit on the b cell response to mucosal antigens. purified peyer's patch b cells obtained from mice at varying periods of time after oral administration of inactivated influenza virus, with or without a ct preparation, were stimulated in vitro in the absence or presence of various lymphokines. responses were measured by an antigen- and isotype-specific elispot assay. in this system cultures containing ... | 1990 | 2311649 |
| serum igg subclass responses of humans to inactivated and live influenza a vaccines compared to natural infections with influenza a. | studies with various viral agents have suggested that a preferential production of igg subclasses may occur during infection, but limited information has been reported on the igg isotypes produced during vaccination with live or killed virus preparations. the serum igg subclass responses to influenza a infection or inoculation with live or killed influenza a vaccines were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and results were expressed using a 4-parameter logistic model. it was obser ... | 1990 | 2313275 |
| identification of a conserved region common to cadherins and influenza strain a hemagglutinins. | cadherins are a family of integral membrane glycoproteins that mediate homophilic, calcium-dependent cell adhesion in vertebrate species. the primary structures of six members of the cadherin family have recently been determined. the extracellular portion of these proteins is composed of five domains, the first of which is the most highly conserved among cadherins. previous searches of protein sequence databases have revealed little or no sequence homology between cadherins and other proteins. h ... | 1990 | 2313692 |
| viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections in children in north india. | two hundred and thirty children clinically diagnosed as suffering from acute respiratory infection were tested for four major groups of viral aetiological agents, i.e. influenza para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses using indirect immunofluorescence technique. at least one of the respiratory viruses was identified in 51 (22 per cent) specimens, which included influenza a in 6 (3 per cent), influenza b in 3 (1 per cent), para-influenza type 1 in 3 (1 per cent), para-i ... | 1990 | 2313777 |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte and nk responses in mice treated prenatally with chlordane. | it has been reported previously that balb/c mice, treated in utero with chlordane, showed increased survival to influenza a/pr/8/34 [h1n1] (influenza) virus as young adults. to determine the possible role of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) on this effect, cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) and natural killer (nk) cell activities were assessed on chlordane-exposed offspring at 100 and 200 days post partum. the ctl response of these offspring showed no significant change from that obtained from their sex- ... | 1990 | 2315958 |
| attenuation and immunogenicity in primates of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing human interleukin-2. | vector-directed lymphokine expression represents a novel approach to the attenuation of live recombinant viruses which might be used as vaccines. expression of interleukin-2 (il-2) by recombinant vaccinia virus has been shown to significantly attenuate virus virulence in rodent species without diminishing immunogenicity. skin lesion formation and immunogenicity of vaccinia/il-2 recombinants in three species of primates was examined. il-2 expression was associated with a 15-fold reduction in the ... | 1990 | 2316280 |
| influenza a virus alters structural and biochemical functions of the neutrophil cytoskeleton. | influenza a virus (iav) has previously been shown to alter chemotactic, oxidative, and secretory functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl). because of the role of cytoskeletal proteins in these processes, studies were carried out to determine if iav altered the pmnl cytoskeleton. pmnl were incubated with buffer of iav, stimulated with f-met-leu-phe (fmlp), fixed and stained with nbd-phallacidin (nbd-ph) and studied by flow cytometry. mean f-actin fluorescence was increased 18% in virus tr ... | 1990 | 2319207 |
| muramyl peptides and polyinosinic-polycytodylic acid given to mice prior to influenza virus challenge reduces pulmonary disease and mortality. | muramyl dipeptide (mdp), murabutide (a derivative of mdp), mouse alpha-interferon (moifn), and polyinosinic-polycytodylic acid (poly (i-c) were tested in a mouse-influenza virus model for anti-influenza virus activity. none of these compounds administered alone prior to virus challenge had more than minimal ability to protect mice from influenza virus infection. in contrast, mice given either mdp or murabutide 2 days prior to challenge with influenza a/hong kong/68 virus and poly i-c 1 day prior ... | 1990 | 2319263 |
| evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza a virus. | nucleotide sequences of 24 nucleoprotein (np) genes isolated from a wide range of hosts, geographic regions, and influenza a virus serotypes and 18 published np gene sequences were analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships. the phylogeny of np genes was determined by a maximum-parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences. phylogenetic analysis showed that np genes have evolved into five host-specific lineages, including (i) equine/prague/56 (eqpr56), (ii) recent equine strains, (iii) classi ... | 1990 | 2319644 |
| direct sequencing of the ha gene of influenza (h3n2) virus in original clinical samples reveals sequence identity with mammalian cell-grown virus. | when influenza (h3n2) viruses from infected individuals are grown in embryonated chicken eggs, viruses are isolated which differ antigenically and structurally from viruses grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cell culture [g.c. schild, j.s. oxford, j.c. de jong, and r.g. webster, nature (london) 303:706-709, 1983]. to determine which of these viruses is most representative of virus replicating in the infected individual, a region of the ha gene of virus present in original clinic ... | 1990 | 2319652 |
| [vaccination against influenza--a purposeful activity?]. | | 1990 | 2319867 |
| phylogenetic analysis of nucleoproteins suggests that human influenza a viruses emerged from a 19th-century avian ancestor. | | 1990 | 2319943 |
| [influenza 1989/'90: a-h3n2 virus related to the vaccine virus]. | | 1990 | 2320171 |
| [influenza or equine herpes virus (ehv)?]. | | 1990 | 2321239 |
| kidney lesions associated with mortality in chickens inoculated with waterfowl influenza viruses. | seventy-six type a influenza viruses recovered from waterfowl in wisconsin, california, south dakota, florida, texas, alabama, and nebraska were tested for virulence in chickens. the challenge to chickens was intravenous inoculation of first-, second-, or third-egg-passage virus. each of the virus strains was tested separately in three or four chickens. eighteen of the 76 viruses caused the death of one or more chickens following inoculation. postmortem lesions were similar in all dead birds. in ... | 1990 | 2322222 |
| rapid detection of influenza virus h1 by the polymerase chain reaction. | we applied a combination of reverse transcription (rt) with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for a rapid detection of influenza virus h1 subtype. we amplified a 441 bp segment of relatively high genetic stability of the hemagglutinin gene. experimental conditions were established using plasmid dna and infected cell cultures. the test was applied to 28 nasopharyngeal lavages from patients, two of which were positive for influenza virus h1. when the amplified dna of a positive sample was sequen ... | 1990 | 2322232 |
| cold-adapted vaccine strains of influenza a virus act as dominant negative mutants in mixed infections with wild-type influenza a virus. | the cold-adapted reassortant of influenza a, which is a candidate live virus vaccine, interfered with the replication of parental wild-type virus in mixed infections of either mdck cells or embryonated eggs. the interference occurred at either the permissive or nonpermissive temperature for the cold-adapted virus. in doubly infected cells, the yield of the wild-type virus was reduced by as much as 3000-fold and the protein synthesis phenotype expressed was that of the cold-adapted virus. the int ... | 1990 | 2327071 |
| intracellular stability of the gene encoding influenza virus haemagglutinin. | the intracellular stability of the genome of noninfectious uv-irradiated influenza virus (a/wsn:h1n1) in dividing mdck cells was investigated using marker rescue techniques. the haemagglutinin gene could still be rescued by infection with a/x49 (h3n2) at 5 weeks postinoculation; its half-life was 13 days. | 1990 | 2327072 |
| occurrence of adverse effects and high amantadine concentrations with influenza prophylaxis in the nursing home. | amantadine, in a dose of 100 mg/day, is recommended for influenza prevention in older nursing home residents. we studied an influenza prevention protocol in a 98-bed community nursing home (96% female; mean age = 87.4 years). fifty-five residents received amantadine when influenza a was confirmed. although no further influenza cases were diagnosed, 22% experienced adverse events. dose in mg/kg/day was significantly higher in the group experiencing adverse events (2.24 +/- 0.98 vs 1.76 +/- 0.35; ... | 1990 | 2329251 |
| derivation of the nucleoproteins (np) of influenza a viruses isolated from marine mammals. | the nucleoprotein (np) genes of influenza viruses were sequenced from a variety of virus isolates derived from marine mammals: whales from the pacific and atlantic oceans, seal and gull from the western atlantic, and a tern from the caspian sea. in comparison to published np sequences, we found pairs of nps derived from avian and marine mammal isolates to be closely related, e.g., the gull-whale and mallard-seal pairs from the atlantic coast of the usa and the tern-pacific ocean whale pair of th ... | 1990 | 2330674 |
| [the immunocorrective effect of laser reflexotherapy in experimental influenza infection]. | the influence of two schemes of laser acupuncture on some cell-mediated and humoral immunity characteristics of mice, as well as on their nonspecific antiviral resistance, in acute experimental influenza infection has been studied. the use of both schemes has been found to considerably decrease the severity of infection, enhancing the activity of lymphocytes of infected mice in the graft versus host reaction, the o2-producing activity of alveolar macrophages and modulating the ratio of antihemag ... | 1990 | 2330783 |
| live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children. | in 1985, we enrolled 189 school-age children by family in a double-blind study to determine protection against influenza by a single dose of cold-recombinant bivalent a vaccine or commercial trivalent inactivated vaccine compared with placebo. all children in school or day care, 3 to 18 years of age, in an enrolled family received the same preparation. following vaccination, 60% and 21% of cold-recombinant bivalent a vaccine recipients and 73% and 83% of trivalent inactivated vaccine recipients ... | 1990 | 2330929 |
| inhibition of influenza virus replication by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. | oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) were synthesized and tested for their antiviral activity against influenza viruses. odns corresponded to the polymerase pb1 gene of either influenza a/wsn/33 virus or influenza c/jj/50 virus. all compounds were 20 nucleotides long, including control odns containing mismatches. the phosphodiester odns (o-odns) failed to inhibit replication of influenza a and influenza c viruses at concentrations up to 80 microm, possibly due to intracellular nuclease digestion of the ... | 1990 | 2333292 |
| hemodialysis clearance of intravenously administered ribavirin. | a patient with an implanted artificial heart, acute, anuric renal failure, and disseminated influenza virus type a infection received intravenous ribavirin. drug elimination by hemodialysis was measured. plasma dialysis clearance averaged 93.9 +/- 8.6 ml/min. the maximum amount of ribavirin removed from the body during one period of hemodialysis was 79.1 mg. ribavirin is not removed in important quantities by hemodialysis. | 1990 | 2334164 |