| characterization of the phylogenetic diversity of two novel species belonging to the genus bifidobacterium: bifidobacterium cebidarum sp. nov. and bifidobacterium leontopitheci sp. nov. | two bifidobacterium strains, i.e., 2176bt and 2177bt, were isolated from golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) and goeldi's monkey (callimico goeldii). isolates were shown to be gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic and d-fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna sequences, multilocus sequences (including hsp60, rpob, dnaj, dnag and clpc genes) and the core genome revealed that bifidobacterial strains 2176 ... | 2020 | 32065574 |
| maternal-fetal disposition of domoic acid following repeated oral dosing during pregnancy in nonhuman primate. | domoic acid (da) is a marine algal toxin that causes acute and chronic neurotoxicity in animals and humans. prenatal exposure to da has been associated with neuronal damage and cognitive and behavioral deficits in juvenile california sea lions, cynomolgus monkeys and rodents. yet, the toxicokinetics (tk) of da during pregnancy and the maternal-fetal disposition of da have not been fully elucidated. in this study, we investigated the tk before, during, and after pregnancy and the maternal-fetal d ... | 2020 | 32360744 |
| behavioral contrasts between male cynomolgus and lion-tailed macaques. | evidence indicates that primate species differ not only in social structure and concordant social propensities, but also in their approach toward novel objects, environments, and procedures. these differences in response dispositions have been described as being based on differences in characteristic stances toward the environment, also called temperaments. this report extends previous comparative primate research by describing behavioral contrasts observed among males of two macaque species, li ... | 1993 | 31941200 |
| predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals using ace2 protein sequence homology. | the article is presenting a bioinformatics based method predicting susceptibility for sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals. recently, there were reports of cats and ferrets, dogs, minks, golden hamster, rhesus monkeys, tigers, and lions testing for sars-cov-2 rna which indicated for the possible interspecies viral transmission. our method successfully predicted the susceptibility of these animals for contracting sars-cov-2 infection. this method can be used as a screening tool f ... | 2020 | 33034084 |
| where's the cookie? the ability of monkeys to track object transpositions. | object permanence is the ability to represent mentally an object and follow its position even when it has disappeared from view. according to piaget's 6-stage scale of the sensorimotor period of development, it seems that object permanence appears in stage 4 and fully develops in stage 6. in this study, we investigated the ability of some species of monkeys (i.e. pig-tailed macaque, lion-tailed macaque, celebes crested macaque, barbary macaque, de brazza's monkey, l'hoest's monkey, allen's swamp ... | 2018 | 29858974 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in lion-tailed macaque macaca silenus in central western ghats, india. | this study examines gastrointestinal parasites in the endangered lion-tailed macaque, which is sympatric with the bonnet macaque that has relocated from nearby towns or agriculture landscapes dominated by humans and livestock. one hundred and ninety-four fresh fecal samples from lion-tailed macaques were collected from a group located at chiksuli in the central western ghats. of these, 48.5% had at least one endoparasite taxon. the prevalence of endoparasites varied from 0 to 75.0%, and observed ... | 2019 | 31468227 |
| deceased-infant carrying in nonhuman anthropoids: insights from systematic analysis and case studies of bonnet macaques (macaca radiata) and lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | existing models of attachment do not explain how death of offspring affects maternal behavior. previous descriptions of maternal responsiveness to dead offspring in nonhuman anthropoids have not expounded the wide variation of deceased-infant carrying (dic) behavior. through the current study, we attempt to (a) identify determinants of dic through a systematic survey across anthropoids, (b) quantitatively assess behavioral changes of mother during dic, and (c) infer death perception of conspecif ... | 2019 | 30307263 |
| behavioural variability in macaques and langurs of the western ghats, india. | studies that compare differences in the behavioural variability across species and genera are rare among south asian primates. such studies are important for understanding within-group feeding competition in primates as interindividual difference in frequency of behaviour is a good indicator of feeding competition. we compared the variability in individual activities of lion-tailed macaques, bonnet macaques, nilgiri langurs, and black-footed grey langurs. both macaque species showed variability ... | 2017 | 28934752 |
| serological diagnosis of baylisascaris procyonis in primates using a human elisa test. | the usefulness of a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serological diagnosis of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans was assessed in nonhuman primates (nhp). the test was originally developed as an assay performed on human samples at purdue university. six participating zoos submitted 258 nhp serum samples, spanning these major phylogenetic groups: 1) great apes (n = 84), 2) lesser apes (n = 17), 3) old world monkeys (n = 84), 4) new world monkeys (n = 20), and 5) prosimians (n ... | 2019 | 31260208 |
| predation on a yellow baboon (papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) by a lioness in the tana river national primate reserve, kenya. | predation on an adult female yellow baboon (papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) by a lioness is reported. this predation occurred in full daylight within 10 m of the observer. the high incidence of disappearances of adult females from the study troop during a one-year period is reported and the potential long-term demographic effects upon the troop resulting from this one year's high number of disappearances discussed. these disappearances may be due to predation. we suggest that lion predation upo ... | 1994 | 31936928 |
| nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes): evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution. | we investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity. | 2018 | 29989158 |
| from people to panthera: natural sars-cov-2 infection in tigers and lions at the bronx zoo. | despite numerous barriers to transmission, zoonoses are the major cause of emerging infectious diseases in humans. among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has killed millions. zoonoses and human-to-animal cross-species transmission are driven by human actions and have important management, conservation, and public health implications. the current sars-cov-2 pande ... | 2020 | 33051368 |
| cross-sectional evaluation of multiple epidemiological cycles of leptospira species in peri-urban wildlife in california. | to perform a cross-sectional survey to estimate prevalence of and potential risk factors for leptospira spp infection and exposure in peri-urban wildlife throughout california. | 2020 | 33021456 |
| changing ecologies, shifting behaviours: behavioural responses of a rainforest primate, the lion-tailed macaque macaca silenus, to a matrix of anthropogenic habitats in southern india. | with the uncontrolled expansion of anthropogenic modifications of the environment, wildlife species are forced to interact with humans, often leading to conflict situations that have detrimental effects for both wildlife and humans. such interactions are escalating globally, making it crucial for us to devise strategies for both, the management of conflict and the conservation of these often-threatened species. we studied a case of potentially detrimental human-wildlife interactions between an e ... | 2020 | 32966281 |
| african lions and zoonotic diseases: implications for commercial lion farms in south africa. | african lions (pantheraleo) are bred in captivity on commercial farms across south africa and often have close contact with farm staff, tourists, and other industry workers. as transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs through close proximity between wildlife and humans, these commercial captive breeding operations pose a potential risk to thousands of captive lions and to public health. an understanding of pathogens known to affect lions is needed to effectively assess the risk of disease emerge ... | 2020 | 32962130 |
| transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) to animals: an updated review. | covid-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) originated in wuhan (hubei province, china) during late 2019. it has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. covid-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. in addition to the considerable covid-19 cases, hospitalizat ... | 2020 | 32957995 |
| a review on trichinella infection in south america. | trichinella spp. causes human trichinellosis by means of the consumption of raw or inadequately treated meat from domestic or game animals. in the americas, as well as in other continents, trichinella infection is a health issue for humans and has a negative impact on the pork meat market, generated by people's fear of becoming infected with the parasite. the distribution of human cases and the sources of this disease in humans and animals were analysed in this report, which summarizes the infor ... | 2020 | 32949838 |
| first report on bartonella henselae in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | bartonellosis is one of the clinically underdiagnosed emerging bacterial diseases among domestic livestock, particularly in camels. until now, the natural infection of camels with bartonella species was not investigated in tunisia. in the attempt of filling this gap in knowledge, a total of 412 dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) as well as 300 associated ticks (hyalomma dromedarii (160; 53.4%), h. impeltatum (131; 43.6%) and h. excavatum (9; 3%) were screened for the presence of bartonella s ... | 2020 | 32777455 |
| sars-cov-2 host diversity: an update of natural infections and experimental evidence. | coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is now a pandemic threat. this virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission. cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is the receptor of sars-cov-2 which is identical or similar in different species of animals such as pigs, ferrets, cats, orangutans, monkeys, and humans. moreover, a recent study predicted that dogs might be secondary hosts during the evolution of s ... | 2020 | 32624360 |
| genomic nucleotide-based distance analysis for delimiting old world monkey derived herpes simplex virus species. | herpes simplex viruses form a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, with three identified viral species isolated from old world monkeys (owm); macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (mchv-1; herpes b), cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (sa8), and papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (pahv-2; herpes papio). herpes b is endemic to macaques, while pahv-2 and sa8 appear endemic to baboons. all three viruses are genetically and antigenically similar, with sa8 and pahv-2 thought to be avirulent in humans, while her ... | 2020 | 32590937 |
| the gene catalog and comparative analysis of gut microbiome of big cats provide new insights on panthera species. | majority of metagenomic studies in the last decade have focused on revealing the gut microbiomes of humans, rodents, and ruminants; however, the gut microbiome and genic information (gene catalog) of large felids such as panthera species are largely unknown to date. in this study, the gut bacterial, fungal, and viral metagenomic composition was assessed from three panthera species (lion, leopard, and tiger) of indian origin, which were consuming the same diet and belonged to the same geographica ... | 2020 | 32582053 |
| comparison of streptococcus halichoeri isolates from canine and fur animal infections: biochemical patterns, molecular characteristics and genetic relatedness. | streptococcus halichoeri infections have been reported in grey seals, a european badger, a stellar sea lion and humans, but its presence in companion and fur animals is unknown. since 2010, s. halichoeri-like bacteria (shl) have been isolated from fur animals and dogs in finland. our aim was to retrospectively investigate laboratory records for shl from canine and fur animal infections, characterize the isolates and compare their genetic relatedness in relation to three reference strains: ccug 4 ... | 2020 | 32493395 |
| bowman's layer in the cornea- structure and function and regeneration. | bowman's layer lies immediately posterior to the epithelial basement membrane (ebm) and anterior to the stroma proper in humans, chickens, quail, zebra fish, deer, giraffe, antelope, california sea lions, guinea pig and several other species. it is not found in dog, wolf, cat, tiger, lions, rabbit, pigs, cows, goats, or horses. developmental anomalies of bowman's layer are rare, but acquired damage to bowman's layer, or even complete destruction, is frequently seen in advanced bullous keratopath ... | 2020 | 32339517 |
| lions panthera leo prefer killing certain cattle bos taurus types. | lion predation on cattle causes severe human-wildlife conflict that results in retaliatory persecution throughout the lion's geographic range. cattle closely resemble the body size, shape, and herding patterns of preferred lion prey species. we studied cattle depredation patterns in botswana's okavango delta and tested whether lions exhibited specific preferences based on cattle demographic characteristics (sex and age), as well as morphological traits (body mass, horn length, and pelage pattern ... | 2020 | 32316176 |
| is covid-19 the first pandemic that evolves into a panzootic? | sars-cov-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic. transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been identified as good candidates for susceptibility to sars-cov-2. the potential implications indicate the need for one health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during ... | 2020 | 32315124 |
| molecular characterization of human lung and liver cystic echinococcosis isolates in van province, turkey. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is a zoonotic infection and could lead to significant public health problems. the genetic diversity of ce includes five species: e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (g4), echinococcus ortleppi (g5), echinococcus canadensis genotypic cluster (g6, g7, g8 and g10, with the doubtful g9) and the echinococcus felidis (lion strain). the species are important in epidemiology, pathology, control, prevention measures and vaccine/drug designs. the aim ... | 2020 | 32201196 |
| successful unilateral vasectomy reversal in a lion (panthera leo). | in 2016, the veterinarian team of buin zoo in chile decided to try to increase the lion population. at that time, the zoo had three lions; two females and one male. the 9-year-old male had been vasectomized 5 years ago at the same institution for birth control. considering the fact that in humans, vasectomy reversal has excellent reproductive outcomes, a team of human urologists, highly experienced in vasectomy reversal was contacted to perform the procedure. | 2020 | 32042653 |
| from peruvian mummies to living humans: first case of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium pinnipedii. | the zoonotic potential of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species is well known. however, m. pinnipedii, the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb) predominantly in seals and sea lions, has never been isolated from a respiratory specimen in humans. here we describe the first known human case of pulmonary tb caused by m. pinnipedii in a 79-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic respiratory disease. the epidemiological data did not explain where the patient was exposed to m ... | 2019 | 31931912 |
| species-specific differences in toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in namibian wildlife. | knowledge about parasitic infections is crucial information for animal health, particularly of free-ranging species that might come into contact with livestock and humans. | 2020 | 31915056 |
| genome sequencing of mycobacterium pinnipedii strains: genetic characterization and evidence of superinfection in a south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). | mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), is capable of infecting several host species, including humans. recently, ancient dna from this organism was recovered from pre-columbian mummies of peru, sparking debate over the origin and frequency of tuberculosis in the americas prior to european colonization. | 2019 | 31888476 |
| a multiobjective, lion mating optimization inspired routing protocol for wireless body area sensor network based healthcare applications. | the importance of body area sensor networks (basns) is increasing day by day because of their increasing use in internet of things (iot)-enabled healthcare application services. they help humans in improving their quality of life by continuously monitoring various vital signs through biosensors strategically placed on the human body. however, basns face serious challenges, in terms of the short life span of their batteries and unreliable data transmission, because of the highly unstable and unpr ... | 2019 | 31757104 |
| pup mortality in new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) at enderby island, auckland islands, 2013-18. | new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) are an endemic and endangered species. pup mortality at enderby island (50.5°s, 166.28°e) in the new zealand sub-antarctic has been well studied, with subsequent investigations yielding more intricate detail of the causes of mortality, as new diagnostic methods become available. klebsiella pneumoniae was first reported in 2001-02 at this site, causing a pup mortality epizootic and is now known to be present at several colonies. this bacterium is a commo ... | 2019 | 31751414 |
| severe sea lion bites in urban cold-water swimmers. | a series of sea lion bites in open-water swimmers recently gained the attention of the national and international media. pinniped (the clade including seals and sea lions) bites historically have been in people who hunt or handle marine mammals. as populations of humans and pinnipeds continue to grow, interactions with animals by those participating in recreational activities are likely to become more frequent. | 2019 | 31708308 |
| carnivores, competition and genetic connectivity in the anthropocene. | current extinction rates are comparable to five prior mass extinctions in the earth's history, and are strongly affected by human activities that have modified more than half of the earth's terrestrial surface. increasing human activity restricts animal movements and isolates formerly connected populations, a particular concern for the conservation of large carnivores, but no prior research has used high throughput sequencing in a standardized manner to examine genetic connectivity for multiple ... | 2019 | 31705017 |
| patterns of livestock depredation and cost-effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern tanzania. | human-carnivore conflicts and retaliatory killings contribute to carnivore populations' declines around the world. strategies to mitigate conflicts have been developed, but their efficacy is rarely assessed in a randomized case-control design. further, the economic costs prevent the adoption and wide use of conflict mitigation strategies by pastoralists in rural africa. we examined carnivore (african lion [panthera leo], leopard [panthera pardus], spotted hyena [crocuta crocuta], jackal [canis m ... | 2019 | 31641483 |
| expanding beyond carnivores to improve livestock protection and conservation. | promoting human-wildlife coexistence is critical to the long-term conservation of many wild animal species that come into conflict with humans. loss of livestock to carnivore species (e.g., lions, tigers, wolves) is a well-documented occurrence and the focus of mitigation strategies around the world. one area that has received little research is the impact of noncarnivores on livestock. both african and asian elephant species are known to cause livestock injuries and deaths. livestock owners wit ... | 2019 | 31386655 |
| fear of humans as apex predators has landscape-scale impacts from mountain lions to mice. | apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape-scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. humans have supplanted large carnivores as apex predators in many systems, and similarly pervasive impacts may now result from fear of the human 'super predator'. we conducted a landscape-scale playback experiment demonstrating that the sound of humans speaking generates a l ... | 2019 | 31313436 |
| "we were afraid of the lion that has roared next to us"; community response to reactive focal mass drug administration for malaria in eswatini (formerly swaziland). | reactive focal mass drug administration (rfmda), or presumptive treatment without malaria testing of household members and neighbours of a passively identified malaria case, is currently being explored as a possible malaria elimination strategy in low transmission settings. one of the primary factors determining the effectiveness of rfmda on reducing or interrupting transmission is achieving high coverage of the target population with drug administration. this study aims to explore the acceptabi ... | 2019 | 31307494 |
| the evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores. | we review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between gene ... | 2019 | 31303158 |
| cougar (puma concolor) injury in the united states. | human encounters with the cougar (puma concolor) are rare in the united states but may be fatal. | 2019 | 31248816 |
| molecular characterization of a novel reassortment mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 isolated from a florida white-tailed deer fawn. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) is the type species of the genus orthoreovirus and causes a range of significant respiratory, nervous or enteric diseases in humans and animals. in 2016 a farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn became ill, displaying clinical signs of lethargy, dehydration, and profuse foul-smelling diarrhea. a necropsy was performed after the three-week-old fawn died and various tissue samples were submitted to the university of florida's cervidae health research in ... | 2019 | 31228510 |
| tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium pinnipedii in a wild south american sea lion otaria flavescens stranded in southern brazil. | tuberculosis (tb) in pinnipeds is typically caused by mycobacterium pinnipedii, which has also been associated with infections in other species, such as cattle and humans. as a result, this pathogen has zoonotic potential and is a public health concern. in 2016, a female south american sea lion otaria flavescens in southern brazil presented with emaciation and severe dyspnea and died within 3 h of capture. gross pathology identified pulmonary granulomas, and ziehl-neelsen stain identified acid-f ... | 2019 | 31187733 |
| evaluation of serial blood lactate and the use of a point-of-care lactate meter in live-stranded pinnipeds. | live-stranded pinnipeds often present to rehabilitation centers systemically debilitated with dehydration and poor perfusion. in many terrestrial mammals, blood lactate elevation has been correlated with global tissue hypoxia and decreased circulating blood volume. serial blood lactate measurements in companion animals and humans have been used to guide fluid resuscitation therapy and evaluate prognosis. the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serial blood lac ... | 2019 | 31120672 |
| i thought i saw a pussy cat: portrayal of wild cats in friendly interactions with humans distorts perceptions and encourages interactions with wild cat species. | most people lack the opportunity to see non-domesticated animals in the wild. consequently, people's perception of wild animals is based on what they see on (social) media. the way in which (social) media portrays non-domesticated animals determines our perception of and behaviour to these animals. people like to interact with animals, which is why venues which offer the opportunity to interact with non-domesticated animals are popular wildlife tourist attractions (wtas). however, these wtas mor ... | 2019 | 31042719 |
| transcriptional profiles of california sea lion peripheral nk and cd+8 t cells reflect ecological regionalization and infection by oncogenic viruses. | the california sea lion is one of the few wild mammals prone to develop cancer, particularly urogenital carcinoma (ugc), whose prevalence is currently estimated at 25% of dead adult sea lions stranded along the california coastline. genetic factors, viruses and organochlorines have been identified as factors that increase the risk of occurrence of this pathology. given that no cases of ugc have as yet been reported for the species along its distribution in mexican waters, the potential relevance ... | 2019 | 30915075 |
| extinction vortex dynamics of top predators isolated by urbanization. | extinction risk is elevated in small, isolated populations due to demographic and genetic interactions. therefore, it is critical to model these processes realistically in population viability analyses (pva) to inform local management and contribute to a greater understanding of mechanisms within the extinction vortex. we conducted pva's for two small mountain lion populations isolated by urbanization in southern california to predict population growth, extinction probability, and loss of geneti ... | 2019 | 30892753 |
| proportional loss of parvalbumin-immunoreactive synaptic boutons and granule cells from the hippocampus of sea lions with temporal lobe epilepsy. | one in 26 people develop epilepsy and in these temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) is common. many patients display a pattern of neuron loss called hippocampal sclerosis. seizures usually start in the hippocampus but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. one possibility is insufficient inhibition of dentate granule cells. normally parvalbumin-immunoreactive (pv) interneurons strongly inhibit granule cells. humans with tle display loss of pv interneurons in the dentate gyrus but questions persist. to ad ... | 2019 | 30861128 |
| symbolic labeling in 5-month-old human infants. | humans' ability to create and manipulate symbolic structures far exceeds that of other animals. we hypothesized that this ability rests on an early capacity to use arbitrary signs to represent any mental representation, even as abstract as an algebraic rule. in three experiments, we collected high-density eeg recordings while 150 5-month-old infants were presented with speech triplets characterized by their abstract syllabic structure-the location of syllable repetition-which predicted a followi ... | 2019 | 30837317 |
| leptospira spp., rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis e virus surveillance in a wild invasive golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas; kuhl, 1820) population from an urban park in niterói, rio de janeiro, brazil. | the world currently faces severe biodiversity losses caused by anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, pollution, the introduction of exotic species, habitat fragmentation, and climate changes. disease ecology in altered environments is still poorly understood. the golden-headed lion tamarin (ghlt, leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered species that became invasive in an urban park in niterói, rio de janeiro, brazil. the initially few invasive ghlt individuals became hundreds, adap ... | 2019 | 30828830 |
| molecular identification of hookworm isolates from stray dogs, humans and selected wildlife from south africa. | there is a paucity of information on hookworm species in humans, domestic animals and wildlife in southern africa. our study aimed to identify hookworm species from stray dogs, humans, and selected wildlife from south africa. a total of 356 faecal samples were screened for the presence of hookworm-like eggs and subsequently coproculture from the positive samples was carried out to obtain larvae. hookworm-like eggs were detected in 23.03% (82/356) of samples. of these samples, 78/296 were from do ... | 2019 | 30789121 |
| pathology and molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium pinnipedii tuberculosis in native new zealand marine mammals. | mycobacterium pinnipedii causes tuberculosis in a number of pinniped species, and transmission to cattle and humans has been reported. the aims of this study were to: characterize the pathology and prevalence of tuberculosis in new zealand marine mammals; use molecular diagnostic methods to confirm and type the causal agent; and to explore relationships between type and host characteristics. tuberculosis was diagnosed in 30 pinnipeds and one cetacean. most affected pinnipeds had involvement of t ... | 2019 | 30753243 |
| behavior-specific habitat selection by african lions may promote their persistence in a human-dominated landscape. | co-occurrence with humans presents substantial risks for large carnivores, yet human-dominated landscapes are increasingly crucial to carnivore conservation as human land use continues to encroach on wildlife habitat. flexibility in large carnivore behavior may be a primary factor mediating coexistence with people, allowing carnivores to calibrate their activity and habitat use to the perceived level of human risk. however, our understanding of how large carnivores adjust the timing and location ... | 2019 | 30714129 |
| multispecies hierarchical modeling reveals variable responses of african carnivores to management alternatives. | carnivore communities face unprecedented threats from humans. yet, management regimes have variable effects on carnivores, where species may persist or decline in response to direct or indirect changes to the ecosystem. using a hierarchical multispecies modeling approach, we examined the effects of alternative management regimes (i.e., active vs. passive enforcement of regulations) on carnivore abundances and group sizes at both species and community levels in the masai mara national reserve, ke ... | 2019 | 30694574 |
| evaluation of microclimates and assessment of thermal comfort of panthera leo in the masai mara national reserve, kenya. | quantifying comfort levels of lions within the masai mara national reserve in kenya is the main focus of this study. its discourse delineates step by step the process of quantifying comfort levels of lions within the mara. resource-efficient measures for humans in the built environment have long been developed through the creation of passive zones and modulated ventilation. in an analogous manner, new procedures are being adapted for creating optimized microclimates in natural game reserves. thi ... | 2019 | 30680620 |
| performance of two portable blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). | objective to investigate the performance of a portable blood glucose meter (pbgm) designed for use in humans (hpbgm) and a pbgm designed for use in dogs and cats (vpbgm) when measuring blood glucose (bg) concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). design method comparison and diagnostic accuracy study. samples 53 blood samples from tigers (n = 27) and lions (26). procedures bg concentration was measured with 2 identical hpbgms, 2 identical vpbgms, and a reference laborato ... | 2019 | 30668239 |
| coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review. | coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. the ecology of c. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. this study gathers current published information on different aspects of c. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill ... | 2019 | 30506629 |
| beyond the numbers: human attitudes and conflict with lions (panthera leo) in and around gambella national park, ethiopia. | human-lion conflict is one of the leading threats to lion populations and while livestock loss is a source of conflict, the degree to which livestock depredation is tolerated by people varies between regions and across cultures. knowledge of local attitudes towards lions and identification of drivers of human-lion conflict can help formulate mitigation measures aimed at promoting coexistence of humans with lions. we assessed locals' attitudes towards lions in and around gambella national park an ... | 2018 | 30252886 |
| characterizing conflict between humans and big cats panthera spp: a systematic review of research trends and management opportunities. | conservation of big cats (panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. as expanding human populations across panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in web of science and google scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of k ... | 2018 | 30226894 |
| proteomic analysis of urine from california sea lions ( zalophus californianus): a resource for urinary biomarker discovery. | urinary markers for the assessment of kidney diseases in wild animals are limited, in part, due to the lack of urinary proteome data, especially for marine mammals. one of the most prevalent kidney diseases in marine mammals is caused by leptospira interrogans, which is the second most common etiology linked to stranding of california sea lions ( zalophus californianus). urine proteins from 11 sea lions with leptospirosis kidney disease and eight sea lions without leptospirosis or kidney disease ... | 2018 | 30113852 |
| forward-facing predators attract attention in humans (homo sapiens). | even prey that successfully evade attack incur costs when responding to predators. these nonlethal costs can impact their reproductive success and survival. one strategy that prey can use to minimize these costs is to adjust their antipredator behavior based on the perceived level of risk. we tested whether humans adopt this strategy by presenting participants with photographic arrays of predators (lions) that varied in their level of risk. while their eye movements were recorded, the participan ... | 2018 | 30010348 |
| [genotyping of echinococcus granulosus isolates by sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene in aydin]. | cyst hydatid (ch) is a zoonotic infection that is characterized by the development of metacestode form of echinococcus granulosus primarily in liver of humans and ruminants. with a worldwide distribution, the infection is still considered as an important parasitic disease that threatens the public health in turkey as in the other developing countries. morphological and biological features of parasite fail to discriminate isolates for typing so molecular methods should be used for this purpose. r ... | 2018 | 29933737 |
| sea lions develop human-like vernix caseosa delivering branched fats and squalene to the gi tract. | vernix caseosa, the white waxy coating found on newborn human skin, is thought to be a uniquely human substance. its signature characteristic is exceptional richness in saturated branched chain fatty acids (bcfa) and squalene. vernix particles sloughed from the skin suspended in amniotic fluid are swallowed by the human fetus, depositing bcfa/squalene throughout the gastrointestinal (gi) tract, thereby establishing a unique microbial niche that influences development of nascent microbiota. here ... | 2018 | 29748625 |
| are the ghosts of nature's past haunting ecology today? | humans have decimated populations of large-bodied consumers and their functions in most of the world's ecosystems. it is less clear how human activities have affected the diversity of habitats these consumers occupy. rebounding populations of some predators after conservation provides an opportunity to begin to investigate this question. recent research shows that following long-term protection, sea otters along the northeast pacific coast have expanded into estuarine marshes and seagrasses, and ... | 2018 | 29738721 |
| drivers of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle at wild/domestic interface: insights from farmers, buffalo and lions. | humans live increasingly in the proximity of natural areas, leading to increased interactions between people, their livestock and wildlife. | 2017 | 32313434 |
| harnessing genomics to trace the path of a viral outbreak in african lions. | predicting the emergence of novel infectious diseases requires an understanding of how pathogens infect and efficiently spread in alternative naïve hosts. a pathogen's ability to adapt to a new host (i.e. host shift) oftentimes is constrained by host phylogeny, due to limits in the molecular mechanisms available to overcome host-specific immune defences (longdon et al., 2014). some pathogens, such as rna viruses, however, have a propensity to jump hosts due to rapid mutation rates. for example, ... | 2020 | 33012001 |
| molecular characterization of ascaridoid parasites from captive wild carnivores in china using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences. | despite the public health importance of toxocariasis/toxascariasis, only a few species of these ascaridoid parasites from wild canine and feline carnivores have been studied at the molecular level so far. poor understanding of diversity, host distribution and the potential (zoonotic) transmission of the ascaridoid species among wild animals negatively affects their surveillance and control in natural settings. in this study, we updated previous knowledge by profiling the genetic diversity and ph ... | 2020 | 32727607 |
| an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm with variable weights. | with a hypothesis that the social hierarchy of the grey wolves would be also followed in their searching positions, an improved grey wolf optimization (gwo) algorithm with variable weights (vw-gwo) is proposed. and to reduce the probability of being trapped in local optima, a new governing equation of the controlling parameter is also proposed. simulation experiments are carried out, and comparisons are made. results show that the proposed vw-gwo algorithm works better than the standard gwo, the ... | 2019 | 31281334 |
| epidemiology of rabies and current us vaccine guidelines. | rabies is an acute encephalitis that is caused by rabies virus (rabv) infection, which belongs to the rhabdoviridae family of viruses. it causes about 59,000 human deaths per year (although this number may be under-reported) and is generally fatal, once signs and symptoms begin to appear. rabies is still very prevalent and under- reported, particularly in low to middle-income countries such as asia and africa, where there is lack of access to healthcare and domestic dogs are not widely vaccinate ... | 2020 | 32752569 |
| competition for safe real estate, not food, drives density-dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore. | density-dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. a clear prediction of food-based, density-dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. however, competition for enemy-free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. how juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator-prey dynamics a ... | 2020 | 32607167 |
| causes and consequences of pleistocene megafaunal extinctions as revealed from rancho la brea mammals. | the fossils preserved in the rancho la brea "tar" seeps in southern california span the past ∼50,000 years and provide a rare opportunity to assess the ecology of predators (e.g., the american lion, sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying the causes and consequences of the terminal pleistocene extinction event. here, a multi-proxy approach elucidates dietary responses of carnivorans to changing climates and megafaunal extinctions. using sample sizes ... | 2019 | 31386836 |
| comparative ecology of bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores. | phylogenetic sister clades bartonella and brucella within the order rhizobiales present some common biological characteristics as well as evident differences in adaptations to their mammalian reservoirs. we reviewed published data on bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores to compare the ecology of these bacteria in relatively similar host environments. arthropod vectors are the main mechanism for bartonella species transmission between mammalian hosts. the role of arthropods in tr ... | 2018 | 30662899 |
| dental caries in the fossil record: a window to the evolution of dietary plasticity in an extinct bear. | during the late pleistocene of north america (≈36,000 to 10,000 years ago), saber-toothed cats, american lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at rancho la brea (rlb). despite the fact that the giant short-faced bear (arctodus simus) was the largest land carnivoran present in the fauna, there is no evidence that it competed with these other carnivores for prey at the site. here, for the first time, we report carious lesions preserved in specimens of a. simus, recovered from ... | 2017 | 29259277 |
| rancher-reported efficacy of lethal and non-lethal livestock predation mitigation strategies for a suite of carnivores. | pastoralists have dealt with livestock losses from predators for millennia, yet effective mitigation strategies that balance wildlife conservation and sustainable agriculture are still needed today. in wyoming, usa, 274 ranchers responded to a retrospective survey, and rated the efficacy of predation mitigation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzzards, eagles, hawks, ravens). rancher reported efficacy of mitigation varied by predator specie ... | 2017 | 29074881 |
| a multispecies assessment of wildlife impacts on local community livelihoods. | conflicts between the interests of agriculture and wildlife conservation are a major threat to biodiversity and human well-being globally. addressing such conflicts requires a thorough understanding of the impacts associated with living alongside protected wildlife. despite this, most studies reporting on human-wildlife impacts and the strategies used to mitigate them focus on a single species, thus oversimplifying often complex systems of human-wildlife interactions. we sought to characterize t ... | 2020 | 32496643 |
| spatial partitioning by a subordinate carnivore is mediated by conspecific overlap. | there are several hypotheses that could explain territory size in mammals, including the resource dispersion hypothesis (rdh), the intruder pressure hypothesis (iph), and the intraguild predation hypothesis (igph). in this study, we tested predictions of these three hypotheses regarding territories of 19 packs of endangered african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) over 2 years in the kruger national park, south africa. if territory size was supported by the rdh, then we would observe (1) wild dog terri ... | 2019 | 31535256 |
| evidence of high exposure to toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging and captive african carnivores. | toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. in most human altered habitats the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. current knowledge of t. gondii infection in african ecosystems is limited. this study aimed to assess exposure to t. gondii in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem in east africa. carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on in ... | 2019 | 30740303 |
| motion-triggered video cameras reveal spatial and temporal patterns of red fox foraging on carrion provided by mountain lions. | carrion is a rich, ephemeral resource vital to biodiversity and ecosystem health. in temperate ecosystems in which cold temperatures and snowfall influence the accessibility and availability of small prey and seasonal mast crops, carrion may also be a limiting resource for mesocarnivores like red foxes (vulpes vulpes), which are too small to predate ungulates. using motion-triggered video cameras and generalized linear mixed models, we studied the spatial and temporal patterns of red fox scaveng ... | 2018 | 30083459 |
| injury patterns of fatal bear attacks in japan: a description of seven cases. | in recent years, the number of bear attacks has risen in akita prefecture, japan. here, we present the injury patterns of seven fatal bear attacks, and discuss the implication of these findings. we included five cases of asiatic black bear attacks and two cases of ezo brown bear attacks. in all cases, the injuries, 2-5 parallel linear lacerations with severe hemorrhaging and decollement, were mainly located on the upper body. these injuries were thought to be fatal as, upon a first encounter, be ... | 2018 | 29530623 |
| interspecies comparison of the residue levels and profiles of persistent organic pollutants in terrestrial top predators. | serum samples from three species of living terrestrial top predators were analysed for six groups of persistent organic pollutants (pops), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), chlordane compounds (chls), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (hchs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). the study included three carnivore species: lion (panthera leo), hyena (hyena brunnea) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). all sa ... | 2020 | 32006764 |
| dogs have the most neurons, though not the largest brain: trade-off between body mass and number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of large carnivoran species. | carnivorans are a diverse group of mammals that includes carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous, domesticated and wild species, with a large range of brain sizes. carnivory is one of several factors expected to be cognitively demanding for carnivorans due to a requirement to outsmart larger prey. on the other hand, large carnivoran species have high hunting costs and unreliable feeding patterns, which, given the high metabolic cost of brain neurons, might put them at risk of metabolic constrain ... | 2017 | 29311850 |
| genomic signatures of coevolution between non-model mammals and parasitic roundworms. | antagonistic coevolution between host and parasite drives species evolution. however, most of the studies only focus on parasitism adaptation and do not explore the coevolution mechanisms from the perspective of both host and parasite. here, through the de novo sequencing and assembly of the genomes of giant panda roundworm, red panda roundworm, and lion roundworm parasitic on tiger, we investigated the genomic mechanisms of coevolution between non-model mammals and their parasitic roundworms an ... | 2020 | 32960966 |
| xanthine nephrolithiasis in juvenile captive giant otters (pteronura brasiliensis). | nephrolithiasis has been reported in several aquatic mammals including bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), small clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus), european river otters (lutra lutra), north american river otters (lontra canadensis), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris), and california sea lions (zalophus californianus). compositions of calculi in previous cases were predominantly calcium oxalate or ammonium acid urate. xanthi ... | 2020 | 31926528 |
| cross-species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in african lions of serengeti national park. | the outcome of pathogen spillover from a reservoir to a novel host population can range from a "dead-end" when there is no onward transmission in the recipient population, to epidemic spread and even establishment in new hosts. understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. here we use a bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross-speci ... | 2020 | 32306443 |
| taphonomic bone trauma caused by southern african scavengers. | forensic anthropologists in southern africa are often confronted with post-mortem modifications of human skeletal remains caused by animal scavenging. this is troublesome as the post-mortem pseudo-trauma could be misinterpreted. this study aimed to describe the skeletal trauma caused by southern african scavengers which are of forensic interest. the scavenging animals selected for this study included wild dog, spotted hyena, lion, leopard, black-backed jackal, caracal, and porcupine housed at th ... | 2020 | 31471653 |
| can hyena behaviour provide information on population trends of sympatric carnivores? | mammalian carnivores are declining worldwide owing to human activities. behavioural indicators have the potential to help identify population trends and inform conservation actions, although this area of research is understudied. we investigate whether behaviour is linked to abundance in a community of carnivores in the masai mara national reserve, kenya. anthropogenic disturbance increased exponentially in parts of the reserve between 1988 and 2017, mainly owing to daily incursions by large num ... | 2019 | 31352879 |
| lions, hyenas and mobs (oh my!). | understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. spotted hyenas crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex ... | 2017 | 29491990 |
| numerical assessment in the wild: insights from social carnivores. | playback experiments have proved to be a useful tool to investigate the extent to which wild animals understand numerical concepts and the factors that play into their decisions to respond to different numbers of vocalizing conspecifics. in particular, playback experiments have broadened our understanding of the cognitive abilities of historically understudied species that are challenging to test in the traditional laboratory, such as members of the order carnivora. additionally, playback experi ... | 2017 | 29292356 |
| detection of simonsiella spp. in the vagina of lions and leopard in oestrus. | reports of the vaginal flora of wild cats such as lions or leopards are scarce. the micro-organisms most commonly found in the vagina of clinically healthy cats are aerobic bacteria such as coagulase-negative staphylococcus, streptococcus canis, and escherichia coli. simonsiella spp are large gram-negative bacteria belonging to the neisseriaceae family, typically found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of many species. to date, there are no reports of the detection of simonsiella sp ... | 2018 | 30066407 |
| oral lesions in captive nondomestic felids with a focus on odontogenic lesions. | odontogenic lesions are well described in domestic cats, but published literature describing these lesions in nondomestic felids is limited. this study reports oral lesions in 109 captive, non-domestic felids. ten cases of odontogenic lesions were diagnosed, including 9 with fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (feplo) and one odontogenic cyst in a cougar. feplo was common in lions. feplo did not recur after surgical removal in any of the 3 cases for which follow-up information was ... | 2020 | 33016248 |
| long live the king: chromosome-level assembly of the lion (panthera leo) using linked-read, hi-c, and long-read data. | the lion (panthera leo) is one of the most popular and iconic feline species on the planet, yet in spite of its popularity, the last century has seen massive declines for lion populations worldwide. genomic resources for endangered species represent an important way forward for the field of conservation, enabling high-resolution studies of demography, disease, and population dynamics. here, we present a chromosome-level assembly from a captive african lion from the exotic feline rescue center (c ... | 2020 | 31915011 |
| occurrence of tympanic bone spicules and bone crests in domestic cats. | small and hyperostotic tympanic bone spicules (stbs and htbs) extending from the tympanic wall or from the septum bullae into the tympanic cavity have been described in large feline species such as siberian tigers or african lions and in canids such as dogs, red foxes and wolves. detailed descriptions of prevalence, location and orientation were performed for dogs and african lions by means of necropsy and conventional computed tomography (cct). aims of the current study were to describe same ch ... | 2020 | 31702825 |
| motion illusions as environmental enrichment for zoo animals: a preliminary investigation on lions (panthera leo). | investigating perceptual and cognitive abilities of zoo animals might help to improve their husbandry and enrich their daily life with new stimuli. developing new environmental enrichment programs and devices is hence necessary to promote species-specific behaviors that need to be maintained in controlled environments. as far as we are aware, no study has ever tested the potential benefits of motion illusions as visual enrichment for zoo animals. starting from a recent study showing that domesti ... | 2019 | 31636583 |
| feline foamy virus is highly prevalent in free-ranging puma concolor from colorado, florida and southern california. | feline foamy virus (ffv) is a retrovirus that has been detected in multiple feline species, including domestic cats (felis catus) and pumas (puma concolor). ffv results in persistent infection but is generally thought to be apathogenic. sero-prevalence in domestic cat populations has been documented in several countries, but the extent of viral infections in nondomestic felids has not been reported. in this study, we screened sera from 348 individual pumas from colorado, southern california and ... | 2019 | 31010173 |
| pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous administration of a single dose of cefovecin sodium in african lions (panthera leo). | objective to determine the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after sc administration of a single dose to african lions (panthera leo). animals 3 adult (9 to 10 years old; 1 male and 2 females) and 3 juvenile (2 years old; 1 male and 2 females) african lions. procedures a crossover study was conducted. a single dose of cefovecin was administered sc at 4 mg/kg (half dose) and 8 mg/kg (full dose) to african lions. blood samples were collected daily for 14 days after cefovecin injection. plasma d ... | 2019 | 30801211 |
| cats use hollow papillae to wick saliva into fur. | the cat tongue is covered in sharp, rear-facing spines called papillae, the precise function of which is a mystery. in this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed film, grooming force measurements, and computed tomography (ct) scanning to elucidate the mechanism by which papillae are used to groom fur. we examine the tongues of six species of cats from domestic cat to lion, spanning 30-fold in body weight. the papillae of these cats each feature a hollow cavity at the tip ... | 2018 | 30455290 |
| pterygodermatites nycticebi infections in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) and aye-ayes (daubentonia madagascariensis) from a german zoo. | in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) colony kept indoors in a german zoo, two animals presented a sudden onset of reduced general condition, lethargy, and diarrhea. at animal capture for clinical examination, adult nematode stages were observed after stress-induced defecation. despite treatment, two golden lion tamarins died in the following 2 days. at necropsy, spirurid stages were found in the lungs and intestine. additionally, adult pterygodermatites spp. were identified ... | 2020 | 33135172 |
| identifying candidate genetic markers of cdv cross-species pathogenicity in african lions. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a multi-host pathogen with variable clinical outcomes of infection across and within species. we used whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to search for viral markers correlated with clinical distemper in african lions. to identify candidate markers, we first documented single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) differentiating cdv strains associated with different clinical outcomes in lions in east africa. we then conducted evolutionary analyses on wgs from all global cdv l ... | 2020 | 33114123 |
| a model of the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity using reflexively autocatalytic networks. | this paper proposes a model of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity in the upper palaeolithic using autocatalytic networks. these networks have been used to model life's origins. more recently, they have been applied to the emergence of cognitive structure capable of undergoing cultural evolution. mental representations of knowledge and experiences play the role of catalytic molecules, the interactions among them (e.g. the forging of new assoc ... | 2020 | 33109019 |
| habitat complexity and lifetime predation risk influence mesopredator survival in a multi-predator system. | variability in habitat selection can lead to differences in fitness; however limited research exists on how habitat selection of mid-ranking predators can influence population-level processes in multi-predator systems. for mid-ranking, or mesopredators, differences in habitat use might have strong demographic effects because mesopredators need to simultaneously avoid apex predators and acquire prey. we studied spatially-explicit survival of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in the mun-ya-wana conserva ... | 2020 | 33082386 |
| isolation, characterization, and ecotoxicological application of marine mammal skin fibroblast cultures. | marine mammal cell cultures are a multifunctional instrument for acquiring knowledge about life in the world's oceans in physiological, biochemical, genetic, and ecotoxicological aspects. we succeeded in isolation, cultivation, and characterization of skin fibroblast cultures from five marine mammal species. the cells of the spotted seal (phoca largha), the sea lion (eumetopias jubatus), and the walrus (odobenus rosmarus) are unpretentious to the isolation procedure. the sea otter (enhydra lutri ... | 2020 | 33078324 |