| effects of volatile anesthetics on elastic stiffness in isometrically contracting ferret ventricular myocardium. | the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on elastic stiffness, which reflects the degree of cross-bridge attachment, were studied in intact cardiac muscle. electrically stimulated (0.25 hz, 25 degrees c), isometrically twitching right ventricular ferret papillary muscles (n = 15) at optimal length (l(max)) were subjected to sinusoidal length oscillations (40 hz, 0.25- 0.50% of l(max) peak to peak). the amplitude and phase relationship with the resulting force oscillations was decomp ... | 2002 | 12015364 |
| characterization of neuromedin u effects in canine smooth muscle. | two endogenous receptors for the potent smooth muscle-stimulating peptide neuromedin u (nmu) have recently been identified and cloned. pharmacological, binding, and expression studies were conducted in an attempt to determine the receptor(s) involved in the smooth muscle-stimulating effects of nmu. the nmu peptides caused a concentration-dependent contraction of canine isolated urinary bladder. nmu did not have this same effect in the urinary bladder from rat, guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, or ferre ... | 2002 | 12023529 |
| cdp840. a prototype of a novel class of orally active anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. | the discovery, synthesis and biological activity of a series of triarylethane phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors is described. structure-activity relationship studies are presented for cdp840 (29), a potent, chiral, selective inhibitor of pde 4 (ic(50) 4nm). cdp840 is non-emetic in the ferret at 30mgkg(-1) (po), active in models of inflammation and reverses ozone-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in the guinea pig. | 2002 | 12031318 |
| discovery of l-791,943: a potent, selective, non emetic and orally active phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. | structure-activity relationship studies directed toward improving the potency and metabolic stability of cdp-840 (3) resulted in the discovery of l-791,943 (11n) as a potent (hwb tnf-alpha = 0.67 microm) and orally active phosphodiesterase type 4 (pde4) inhibitor. this compound, which bears a stable bis-difluoromethoxy catechol and a pendant hexafluorocarbinol, exhibited a long half-life in rat and in squirrel monkey. it is well tolerated in ferret with an emetic threshold greater than 30 mg/kg ... | 2002 | 12031319 |
| melanin-concentrating hormone receptor subtypes 1 and 2: species-specific gene expression. | to assess the contribution of potential central nervous system pathways implicated in the control of appetite regulation and energy metabolism, it is essential to first identify appropriate animal models. melanin-concentrating hormone (mch), a conserved cyclic neuropeptide implicated in the modulation of food intake, has been shown to bind and activate two g-protein-coupled receptors, called gpr24 and mchr2, expressed in human brain and other tissues. here we show that several non-human species ... | 2002 | 12036292 |
| peramivir (bcx-1812, rwj-270201): potential new therapy for influenza. | the cyclopentane peramivir (bcx-1812, rwj-270201) is a highly selective inhibitor of influenza a and b virus neuraminidases and a potent inhibitor of influenza a and b virus replication in cell culture. the in vitro potency appears to be greater than either zanamivir or oseltamivir carboxylate based on the generally lower ec(50) values seen using peramivir in studies run in parallel with each compound. in mice infected with influenza a or b viruses, oral treatment with peramivir was highly effec ... | 2002 | 12036429 |
| the ferret as a model for vitamin a metabolism in carnivores. | | 2002 | 12042529 |
| immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous and non-tuberculous lesionsin naturally infected european badgers (meles meles). | a panel of species cross-reactive antibodies was established for the immunohistochemical labelling of phagocytic and lymphoid cells in formalin-fixed normal badger tissues. these reagents were used to investigate the immunopathogenesis of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous granulomas in badgers. in normal badger tissues, antisera specific for the cd79a and cd79b epitopes strongly labelled follicular b lymphocytes and plasma cells in lymph nodes, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and peyer's ... | 2002 | 12056773 |
| lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation evoked by stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in ferrets. | an understanding of the neural control of lower oesophageal sphincter (los) relaxation is clinically relevant because transient los relaxations (tlosrs) are a mechanism of acid reflux into the oesophagus. preganglionic motor neurones innervating the los are localized in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmv). based on a single study in cats, it is now widely accepted that these neurones are functionally organized into two separate populations, such that stimulation of the caudal and rostral ... | 2002 | 12061915 |
| influenza virus carrying neuraminidase with reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate has altered properties in vitro and is compromised for infectivity and replicative ability in vivo. | oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu, ro 64-0796) is the first orally administered neuraminidase (na) inhibitor approved for use in treatment and prevention of influenza virus infection in man. oseltamivir phosphate is the pro-drug of the active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (ro 64-0802). extensive monitoring throughout the oseltamivir development programme has identified a very low incidence of patients who have carried drug-resistant virus. the predominant mutation seen is the substitution of a ... | 2002 | 12062393 |
| influenza virus carrying an r292k mutation in the neuraminidase gene is not transmitted in ferrets. | a model of influenza transmission has been established in ferrets in which wild-type influenza infection in a donor ferret can be transmitted sequentially to other ferrets. we have studied the transmission in ferrets of a clinical isolate of a/sydney/5/97 (h3n2) carrying the neuraminidase 292k mutation compared with the corresponding wild-type virus from the same subject. donor ferrets (n=four per group) were inoculated intranasally with mutant or wild-type virus and each housed with three naïve ... | 2002 | 12062395 |
| resiniferatoxin antagonizes cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs and ferrets. | we evaluated the antiemetic activity of resiniferatoxin, an ultrapotent capsaicin analogue, on cisplatin- and apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs, and on cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in ferrets. in the dog, resiniferatoxin (10 microg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before the injection of cisplatin markedly prevented acute emesis induced by cisplatin. when animals were given resiniferatoxin (10 microg/kg, s.c.) 24 h prior to cisplatin, the emesis was still inhibited, but not significantly. resinif ... | 2002 | 12065081 |
| pharmacology of n-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5-quinoline carboxamide (sch 351591), a novel, orally active phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. | n-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5-quinoline carboxamide (sch 351591) has been identified as a potent (ic(50) = 58 nm) and highly selective type 4 phosphodiesterase (pde4) inhibitor with oral bioactivity in several animal models of lung inflammation. n-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5-quinoline carboxamide (sch 365351), the only significant in vivo metabolite, is also a potent and highly selective pde4 inhibitor (ic(50) = 20 nm). both s ... | 2002 | 12065709 |
| the genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and g-banding. | genome-wide homology maps among stone marten (martes foina, 2n = 38), domestic cat (felis catus, 2n = 38), american mink (mustela vison, 2n = 30), yellow-throated marten (martes flavigula, 2n = 40), old world badger (meles meles, 2n = 44), ferret badger (melogale moschata, 2n = 38) and red panda (ailurus fulgens, 2n = 36) have been established by cross-species chromosome painting with a complete set of stone marten probes. in total, 18 stone marten autosomal probes reveal 20, 19, 21, 18 and 21 p ... | 2002 | 12067210 |
| differential laws of left ventricular isovolumic pressure fall. | an attempt has been made to test for a reliable method of characterizing the isovolumic left ventricular pressure fall in isolated ejecting hearts by one or two time constants, tau. alternative nonlinear regression models (three- and four-parametric exponential, logistic, and power function), based upon the common differential law dp(t)/dt = - [p(t)-p ]/ tau(t) are compared in isolated ejecting rat, guinea pig, and ferret hearts. intraventricular pressure fall data are taken from an isovolumic s ... | 2002 | 12071284 |
| cholinergic modulation of the basal l-type calcium current in ferret right ventricular myocytes. | the effects of the cholinergic muscarinic agonist carbachol (cch) on the basal l-type calcium current, i(ca,l), in ferret right ventricular (rv) myocytes were studied using whole cell patch clamp. cch produced two major effects : (i) in all myocytes, extracellular application of cch inhibited i(ca,l) in a reversible concentration-dependent manner; and (ii) in many (but not all) myocytes, upon washout cch produced a significant transient stimulation of i(ca,l) ('rebound stimulation'). inhibitory ... | 2002 | 12096055 |
| the thalamic reticular and perireticular nuclei in developing rabbits: patterns of parvalbumin expression. | due to its strategic position, the thalamic reticular nucleus (trn) plays an important role within the thalamo-cortical circuits. the perireticular thalamic nucleus (prn) is a smaller group of cells, which is associated with the trn and lies among the fibres of the internal capsule (ic). studies of nuclei in rodents and carnivores have been conducted employing a number of different tools. the use of calcium-binding proteins is one example. it needs to be noted that rabbits have been regarded as ... | 2002 | 12101029 |
| cutaneous melanoma in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4-year-old spayed female ferret (mustela putorius furo) was clinically evaluated for a slightly raised subcutaneous mass in the dorsal lumbar area. the mass was surgically excised and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. histologically, the mass was composed of closely packeted large, atypical, polygonal to spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheets and short bundles. a few cells contained variable amounts of granular, brown to black intracytoplasmic pigment. warthin-starry and fontana-masso ... | 2002 | 12102207 |
| the h274y mutation in the influenza a/h1n1 neuraminidase active site following oseltamivir phosphate treatment leave virus severely compromised both in vitro and in vivo. | oseltamivir carboxylate is a potent and specific inhibitor of influenza a and b neuraminidase (na). oseltamivir phosphate, the ethyl ester prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, is the first orally active na inhibitor available for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza a and b. it offers an improvement over amantadine and rimantadine which are active only against influenza a and rapidly generate resistant virus. the emergence of virus resistant to oseltamivir carboxylate in the treatment of na ... | 2002 | 12103431 |
| the course of fibre diameter classes through the chiasmatic region in the ferret. | the present study has examined the transition of fibre order from the optic nerve through the optic chiasm and into the optic tract in the ferret's retinofugal pathway. semi-thin sections through the chiasmatic region were examined in normal and in monocularly enucleated ferrets in order to display the segregation of the different axon diameter classes as the fibres pass from the optic nerve into the optic tract, and to determine, for each diameter class, where the crossed and uncrossed componen ... | 1990 | 12106101 |
| relation between putative transmitter phenotypes and connectivity of subplate neurons during cerebral cortical development. | during development, the earliest generated neurons of the mammalian telencephalon reside in a region of the white matter, the subplate, just beneath the cortical plate. neurons in the subplate are only transiently present in the telencephalon: shortly after birth in the cat the majority have disappeared. during their brief life, however, subplate neurons mature; they extend long-distance and local projections, and express immunoreactivity for gaba and several neuropeptides. in the present study ... | 1990 | 12106275 |
| the effect of the selective 5-ht(3) receptor agonist on ferret gut motility. | the effect of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)(3) receptor agonist ym-31636 (2-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-8h-indeno[1,2-d]thiazole monofumarate) on gut motility of fed ferrets was investigated. ym-31636 (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) induced a giant migrating contraction (gmc)-like, high-amplitude, ungrouped colonic contraction although it did not change the basal colonic motility pattern. this gmc-like contraction was always accompanied by defecation. both gmc-like contraction and defecation were inhib ... | 2002 | 12106596 |
| validity of species status of the parasitic mite otodectes cynotis. | a combined molecular and phenotypic approach was used to determine whether ear mites of the genus otodectes (acari: psoroptidae) belong to a single species. the second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) of the rdna of 16 isolates from 11 cats, two dogs, one arctic fox and two ferrets originating from four different continents was characterized. in addition, mites from dog, cat and arctic fox were investigated morphologically. sequence comparisons revealed five different, but closely related gen ... | 2002 | 12109706 |
| two-dimensional analysis of the spacing of ocular dominance columns in normally raised and strabismic kittens. | in the primary visual cortex of cats, ferrets and macaque monkeys, the thalamocortical afferents conveying signals from the two eyes terminate in alternating regions of layer iv known as ocular dominance columns. previous experiments have indicated that the periodicity of these columns can be influenced by visual experience: compared to normally raised animals both strabismic cats and cats raised with alternating monocular exposure displayed an increased spacing of adjacent ocular dominance colu ... | 2002 | 12110955 |
| application of n-pcr for diagnosis of distemper in dogs and fur animals. | the immunofluorescence test, routinely used for laboratory diagnosis of canine distemper virus (cdv) in poland, is not sufficiently sensitive and specific. therefore, the application of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), nested pcr (n-pcr) and southern blot hybridization for detection of phosphoprotein (p) gene of cdv in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) or internal organs of dogs and fur animals was the aim of these studies. the optimal parameters for two-step pc ... | 2002 | 12119141 |
| secretion from submucosal salivary glands of the ferret in response to a cholinesterase inhibitor applied onto the oral mucosa. | parasympathomimetics or cholinesterase inhibitors taken orally may relieve dry-mouth symptoms, but this route of administration is often associated with adverse systemic reactions. in the present study, an animal model was worked out aimed at stimulating the submucosal glands and avoiding systemic effects. in the anesthetized ferret, saliva from the parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands was prevented from reaching the mouth. vehicle or physostigmine was applied topically for 10 min on the ... | 2002 | 12120709 |
| studies for the emetic mechanisms of ipecac syrup (tjn-119) and its active components in ferrets: involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. | ipecac syrup, prepared from a galentical ipecac, contains the nauseant alkaloids cephaeline and emetine. the involvement of receptors and serotonin- and dopamine-metabolizing enzymes in the emesis induced by ipecac syrup and these components was investigated. 1) in ferrets, the selective 5-ht3-receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented each emesis induced by tjn-119 (0.5 ml/kg, p.o.), cephaeline (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) and emetine (5.0 mg/kg, p.o.), but the intraperitoneal administrat ... | 2002 | 12120752 |
| effects of ach and adenosine mediated by kir3.1 and kir3.4 on ferret ventricular cells. | the inotropic effects of ach and adenosine on ferret ventricular cells were investigated with the action potential-clamp technique. under current clamp, both agonists resulted in action potential shortening and a decrease in contraction. under action potential clamp, both agonists failed to decrease contraction substantially. in the absence of agonist, application of the short action potential waveform (recorded previously in the presence of agonist) also resulted in a decrease in contraction. u ... | 2002 | 12124209 |
| pharmacological profile of (2r-trans)-4-[1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-2-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-acetamide (s)-hydroxybutanedioate (r116301), an orally and centrally active neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. | in comparison with a series of reference compounds, (2r-trans)-4-[1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-2-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-acetamide (s)-hydroxybutanedioate (r116301) was characterized as a specific, orally, and centrally active neurokinin-1 (nk(1)) receptor antagonist with subnanomolar affinity for the human nk(1) receptor (k(i): 0.45 nm) and over 200-fold selectivity toward nk(2) and nk(3) receptors. r116301 inhibited substance p (sp)-induced peripheral effe ... | 2002 | 12130734 |
| emergence of an influenza b virus with antigenic change. | influenza b virus yamagata group strains, isolated in the 2000 to 2001 influenza epidemic season, reacted poorly to the polyclonal ferret sera prepared against strains isolated earlier. the results of genetic analysis clarified that a point mutation of the nucleotide at position 126 in the ha1 region and the corresponding one-amino-acid substitution altered viral antigenicity. | 2002 | 12149383 |
| reorganization of exuberant axonal arbors contributes to the development of laminar specificity in ferret visual cortex. | layer-specific cortical axons are believed to develop precisely from the outset without making exuberant branches in incorrect cortical layers. we tested this hypothesis by following the development of axonal arbors of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in ferret visual cortex, which in the adult have dense axonal arbors in layers 2/3 and 5 and not in layer 4. we began our studies at earlier ages and sampled at closer intervals than in previous studies. our studies reveal that between postnatal day (p) ... | 2002 | 12151547 |
| a quantitative assessment of tpp-induced delayed neuropathy in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of the european ferret (mustela putorius furo). | triphenyl phosphite (tpp) has been examined extensively in our lab to assess its degenerative effects on the visual pathway of the european ferret. tanaka et al. [fundam. appl. toxicol 22 (1994) 577; j. toxicol. environ. health 58 (1999) 215] reported an age-related pattern of fiber and cell body degeneration progressing from retinal axons and lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) neurons to the visual cortex. these studies, however, did not address whether tpp exposure results in retinal ganglion ce ... | 2002 | 12164546 |
| effects of volatile anesthetics on sarcolemmal calcium transport and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in isolated myocytes. | the surface membrane ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase and na(+)-ca(2+) exchanger transport ca(2+) out of the ventricular myocyte, competing for cytosolic ca(2+) with the ca(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. in this study the authors examined the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on ca(2+) extrusion from the cell and sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+) content. | 2002 | 12170060 |
| radiographic and ct imaging of a skull associated osteoma in a ferret. | | 2002 | 12174998 |
| a search for an animal model of the spanish toxic oil syndrome. | to date, pathology characteristics of toxic oil syndrome (tos), a disease associated with consumption of a contaminated cooking oil in spain in 1981, have not been reproduced in an animal model. as vasculitis, eosinophilia, and a rise in circulating ige levels were features of the acute phase of tos, leading to an autoimmune outcome, a review of predisposition to these aspects across species was conducted. the intent was to determine predisposed strains or species that potentially might be effec ... | 2002 | 12176082 |
| effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac voltage-activated k(+) currents in adult ferret cardiomyocytes . | this study was carried out in adult ferret cardiomyocytes to investigate the effects of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) on voltage-gated k(+) currents. we report that the two outward k(+) currents: the transient outward k(+) current (i(to)) and the delayed rectifier k(+) current (i(k)), are both inhibited by the n-3 pufas, while the inwardly rectifying k(+) current (i(k1)) is unaffected by the n-3 pufas. docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6n-3, dha) produced a concentration dependent suppress ... | 2002 | 12195273 |
| mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) in wild rodent populations. | mycobacterium microti (vole tuberculosis) infections in small wild mammals were first described more than 60 years ago in several populations in great britain. few studies of vole tuberculosis have been undertaken since then, and little is known about the relationship between m. microti isolates originating from different populations or at different times or of the prevalence of this infection in wild rodent populations, despite human cases of m. microti infections being increasingly reported. i ... | 2002 | 12202566 |
| optical imaging of intrinsic signals in ferret auditory cortex: responses to narrowband sound stimuli. | this paper describes optical imaging of the auditory cortex in the anesthetized ferret, particularly addressing optimization of narrowband stimuli. the types of sound stimuli used were tone-pip trains and sinusoidal frequency and amplitude modulated (sfm and sam) tones. by employing short illumination wavelengths (546 nm), we have successfully characterized the tonotopic arrangement, in agreement with the well-established electrophysiological tonotopic maps of the ferret auditory primary field ( ... | 2002 | 12205174 |
| a systematic review of the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis among european women. | the study aim was to establish by systematic review the prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydia trachomatis infection of the lower female genital tract in europe and also to assess the extent and effect of screening. the search process was wide ranging, using the electronic databases medline, embase and aidsline and the internet using the search engines netscape and euro-ferret. studies published in any language during 1980-2000 were included if they unambiguously reported prevalence of c. trachoma ... | 2002 | 12206472 |
| firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in supragranular pyramidal neurons. | neocortical neurons in vivo receive periodic stimuli due to feedforward input from the periphery as well as local cellular and circuit properties. in order to understand how neurons process such information, the responses of neurons to periodic sine wave current stimuli of varying frequencies and amplitudes were investigated. sine wave stimuli were injected into pyramidal cells of young adult ferret visual cortical slices in vitro using sharp microelectrodes. to simulate higher resting membrane ... | 2002 | 12207969 |
| dental eruption and exfoliation chronology in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | substituting ferrets for rats and dogs as animal models for craniofacial research is favourable because of the similarity of many of the ferret's anatomical, metabolic and physiological features to those of man. other advantages are cost-effectiveness and possibly less ethical controversy. however, information on the dental chronology of ferrets needs to be supplemented if this animal is to be promoted as an alternative model. dental development was here examined in 16 ferrets (eight males, eigh ... | 2002 | 12221020 |
| urinary excretion patterns of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol in various animal species: implications for studies on serotonin metabolism and turnover rate. | the concentrations of the serotonin metabolites 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5hiaa) and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5htol) were determined in spot urine samples of 12 mammalian and one fish species (cat, cow, dog, ferret, golden hamster, guinea pig, horse, monkey, mouse, rabbit, rainbow trout, rat, sheep) and compared with human data. the highest urinary concentrations of 5htol were found in the sprague-dawley rat (mean 9.5 micromol/l) and nmri mouse (8.2 micromol/l), and the lowest in rainbow trout, ... | 2002 | 12231396 |
| sperm capacitation and fertilization in mammals. | current evidence and speculations concerning the nature of sperm capacitation in mammals are reviewed and critically assessed. capacitation, a subtle functional change which must occur at least in some mammals before fertilization can take place, occurs in sperm as a result of exposure to secretions of the female tract. in some species the noncapacitated state may enable sperm to undergo a period of storage in the cauda epididymidis after completion of maturation in the mate; alternatively, th ... | 1970 | 12254592 |
| the impact of population growth on environment: the debate heats up. | a proposed framework, which was introduced at the 1989 meetings of the american association for the advancement of science, included political constraints as well as population growth as a proximate cause with potentially important impacts on the environment in paul and ann ehrlich's well-known pat equation. pat limitations are identified as the 1.2 billion people caught in the debt-poverty trap, less developed countries' balance of payments deficits, and "distortionary factors" that undermined ... | 1992 | 12290504 |
| influence of radial glia and cajal-retzius cells in neuronal migration. | normal development of cerebral cortex depends on proper sequential genesis of cortical neurons and glia. disruption of corticogenesis in ferret by short-term arresting of cell division using injections of methylazoxy methanol (mam) leads to a specific constellation of effects, including disruption and early differentiation of radial glia into astrocytes and disorganization of reelin-containing cajal-retzius cells. we hypothesize that early interference of normal cortical development removes a fa ... | 2002 | 12353469 |
| relationship of correlated spontaneous activity to functional ocular dominance columns in the developing visual cortex. | utilizing a multielectrode array to record spontaneous and visually evoked activity of cortical neurons in area 17, we investigate the relationship between long-range correlated spontaneous activity and functional ocular dominance columns during early ferret postnatal development (p24-p29). in regions of visual cortex containing alternating ocular dominance patches, periodic fluctuations in correlated activity are observed in which spontaneous activity is most highly correlated between cortical ... | 2002 | 12354401 |
| characterization of 2 influenza a(h3n2) clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors due to mutations in the hemagglutinin gene. | previous studies have shown that amino acid changes in the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza viruses may result in decreased susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) in vitro. however, the emergence and characteristics of such ha variants in the clinical setting remain poorly studied. herein, we report 2 influenza a(h3n2) isolates, from untreated patients, harboring an arg229-->ile substitution in the ha1 gene. the ile229 variants were as sensitive as the arg229 viruses to zanamivir ... | 2002 | 12355356 |
| chemoarchitecture of gabaergic neurons in the ferret superior colliculus. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)ergic neurons are thought to play a key role both in visual processing and in the complex sensory-motor transformations that take place in the mammalian superior colliculus. to understand the organization of gabaergic neurons in the ferret superior colliculus, we applied antisera to several markers of gabaergic function, including gaba, two isoforms of its synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad-65 and gad-67), and the gaba transporter, gat-1. we also appl ... | 2002 | 12355417 |
| cannabinoid receptor agonism inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux in dogs. | transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tlesrs) are the major cause of gastroesophageal acid reflux, and are triggered by postprandial gastric distention. stimulation of gaba(b) receptors potently inhibits triggering of tlesr by gastric loads. the functional similarity between gaba(b) and cannabinoid receptors (cbrs) prompted us to study the role of cbrs on mechanisms of gastric distention-induced tlesrs. | 2002 | 12360475 |
| no on-off maps in supragranular layers of ferret visual cortex. | primary visual cortex contains functional maps of a number of stimulus properties including ocular dominance, orientation, direction, color, and spatial frequency. these maps must be organized with respect to each other and to a single continuous retinotopic map of visual space such that each stimulus parameter is represented at each point in space. in the ferret, geniculo-cortical inputs to cortical layer iv are segregated into on- and off-center patches, suggesting the possibility that there m ... | 2002 | 12364539 |
| neuropeptide expression following constriction or section of the inferior alveolar nerve in the ferret. | some of the sensory abnormalities that follow peripheral nerve injury may result from the development of ectopic discharge from the damaged axons. previous studies in our laboratory have shown that, following tight ligation of the inferior alveolar nerve (ian), there is a close association between the time-course of this neural activity and the accumulation of neuropeptides at the injury site. in this study we investigated whether the type of injury has any effect on the time-course or level of ... | 2002 | 12365565 |
| bdnf release from single cells elicits local dendritic growth in nearby neurons. | in cultured neurons, the exogenous application of neurotrophins (in homogenous concentrations) alters many features of axonal and dendritic arbors. in vivo, however, release of endogenous neurotrophins from neuronal processes creates spatially heterogeneous neurotrophin distributions. to probe the consequences of such endogenous neurotrophin distribution, we produced 'donor neurons' in ferret cortex brain slices that co-expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) and red fluorescent prote ... | 2002 | 12368805 |
| i plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with hyperadrenocorticism. | to determine plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating-hormone (alpha-msh) in healthy ferrets and ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism. | 2002 | 12371766 |
| anti-emetic activity of the novel nonpeptide tachykinin nk1 receptor antagonist ezlopitant (cj-11,974) against acute and delayed cisplatin-induced emesis in the ferret. | the anti-emetic effects of a novel tachykinin nk(1) receptor antagonist, ezlopitant ((2s,3s-cis)-2-diphenylmethyl)- n-[(2-methoxy, 5-isopropylphenyl)methyl]-1-azabicyclo- [2.2.2]octan-3-amine), were investigated in ferrets. ezlopitant inhibited [(3)h]substance p ([(3)h]sp) binding to the human, guinea pig, ferret and gerbil nk(1) receptors (k(i) = 0.2, 0.9. 0.6 and 0.5 nmol/l, respectively), but had no affinity to nk(2) and nk(3) receptors up to 1 micromol/l. ezlopitant also inhibited sp-induced ... | 2002 | 12372904 |
| interleukin-1beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness enhances substance p in intrinsic neurons of ferret airway. | interleukin (il)-1beta causes airway inflammation, enhances airway smooth muscle responsiveness, and alters neurotransmitter expression in sensory, sympathetic, and myenteric neurons. this study examines the role of intrinsic airway neurons in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) induced by il-1beta. ferrets were instilled intratracheally with il-1beta (0.3 microg/0.3 ml) or saline (0.3 ml) once daily for 5 days. tracheal smooth muscle contractility in vitro and substance p (sp) expression in trache ... | 2002 | 12376343 |
| access to microdata on the internet: web-based analysis and data subset extraction tools. | the internet is increasingly being recognized as an invaluable component of education. at the college and university level, online databases and statistical tools for web-based analysis and data subset extraction have become important instructional resources. these internet resources enable students to formulate specific research hypotheses, identify relevant variables, and analyze large existing databases. this article describes three of these resources: the federal electronic research and revi ... | 2002 | 12385537 |
| neurochemical phenotypes of mrf neurons influencing diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity. | in prior studies that used transneuronal transport of isogenic recombinants of pseudorabies virus, we established that medial medullary reticular formation (mrf) neurons sent collateralized projections to both diaphragm and abdominal muscle motoneurons. furthermore, inactivation of mrf neurons in cats and ferrets increased the excitability of diaphragm and abdominal motoneurons, suggesting that mrf neurons controlling respiratory activity are inhibitory. to test this hypothesis, the present stud ... | 2003 | 12391091 |
| actions of prostanoids to induce emesis and defecation in the ferret. | several prostanoids were investigated for their ability to induce emesis and/or defecation and tenesmus in the ferret. the rank order of emetic potency (dose producing four episodes, d4) was: sulprostone (5 microg/kg)>11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano-15s-hydroxyprosta-5z,13e-dienoic acid (u46619; 8 microg/kg)>misoprostol (27 microg/kg)>17-phenyl-omega-trinor prostaglandin e2 (53 microg/kg)>prostaglandin e2 (94 microg/kg)>5-(6-carboxyhexyl)-1-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) hydantoin (bw245c; 148 micro ... | 2002 | 12398918 |
| genetic diversity and fitness in black-footed ferrets before and during a bottleneck. | the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) is an endangered north american carnivore that underwent a well-documented population bottleneck in the mid-1980s. to better understand the effects of a bottleneck on a free-ranging carnivore population, we used 24 microsatellite loci to compare genetic diversity before versus during the bottleneck, and compare the last wild population to two historical populations. we also compared genetic diversity in black-footed ferrets to that of two sibling specie ... | 2002 | 12407208 |
| segregation of on and off retinogeniculate connectivity directed by patterned spontaneous activity. | in many parts of the developing nervous system, the early patterns of connectivity are refined by processes that require neuronal activity. these processes are thought to involve hebbian mechanisms that lead to strengthening and maintenance of inputs that display correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity and elimination of inputs that fire asynchronously. here we investigated the role of patterned spontaneous retinal activity and hebbian synaptic mechanisms on segregation of on and off retinal a ... | 2002 | 12424272 |
| bioavailability of all-trans and cis-isomers of lycopene. | lycopene, the predominant carotenoid in tomatoes, is among the major carotenoids in serum and tissues of americans. although about 90% of the lycopene in dietary sources is found in the linear, all-trans conformation, human tissues contain mainly cis-isomers. several research groups have suggested that cis-isomers of lycopene are better absorbed than the all-trans form because of the shorter length of the cis-isomer, the greater solubility of cis-isomers in mixed micelles, and/or as a result of ... | 2002 | 12424334 |
| areal organization of the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret (mustela putorius). | on grounds of electrophysiological mapping, cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and callosal and thalamic connectivity, we have identified two cortical areas in the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret: posterior parietal caudal and rostral (ppc and ppr). these areas occupy the lateral and suprasylvian gyri, from the cingulate sulcus (medially) to the suprasylvian sulcus (laterally) and lie between visual areas 18 and 21 (posteriorly) and the somatosensory areas (anteriorly). within both area ... | 2002 | 12427679 |
| retinofugal projections following early lesions of the visual cortex in the ferret. | extensive lesions of the occipital cortex comprising the developing occipital visual areas and beyond in young ferrets (postnatal day 5) are followed by massive, but incomplete, degeneration of the lateral geniculate (lgn) and lateralis posterior (lp) nuclei of the thalamus, and minor volumetric reduction of the superior colliculus. retinal projections (revealed by intraocular tracer injections), while reduced, remain confined to their territories of normal termination, both in the adult and thr ... | 2002 | 12431224 |
| elucidating kchip effects on kv4.3 inactivation and recovery kinetics with a minimal kchip2 isoform. | kv channel interacting proteins (kchips) are ca(2+)-binding proteins with four ef-hands. kchips modulate kv4 channel gating by slowing inactivation kinetics and accelerating recovery kinetics. thus, kchips are believed to be important regulators of kv4 channels underlying transient outward k(+) currents in many excitable cell types. we have cloned a structurally minimal kchip2 isoform (kchip2d) from ferret heart. kchip2d corresponds to the final 70 c-terminal amino acids of other kchips and has ... | 2002 | 12433945 |
| reproductive medicine of rabbits and rodents. | the small animal practitioner is likely to be called upon to help nontraditional pets such as rabbits, rodents, and ferrets. the more information veterinarians have regarding normal anatomy, physiology, reproduction, medicine, anesthesia, and surgery of these unusual pets, the more likely they will be able to help their owners. this article presents an overview of routine and emergency reproductive concerns that the small animal practitioner may face when presented with nontraditional mammalian ... | 2002 | 12442713 |
| an evaluation of the genetic stability and pathogenicity of the russian cold-adapted influenza a donor strains a/leningrad/134/17/57 and a/leningrad/134/47/57 in ferrets. | the influenza a components of live attenuated vaccines used in russia have been prepared as reassortants of the cold-adapted (ca) h2n2 viruses, a/leningrad/134/17/57-ca (len/17) and a/leningrad/134/47/57-ca (len/47), and virulent epidemic strains. the lesions responsible for attenuation within the six internal genes of each donor strain have been sequenced and described, but relatively little is known as to their stability before and after passage in susceptible hosts. in the work reported in th ... | 2003 | 12445939 |
| electric currents applied during refractory period enhance contractility and systolic calcium in the ferret heart. | we investigated the mechanism of positive inotropism of electric currents applied during the absolute refractory period. ten langendorff-perfused ferret hearts were instrumented to measure isovolumic left ventricular pressure (lvp) and the aequorin luminescence. biphasic square-wave electric currents (+/-20 ma, total duration 30 ms) were delivered between pairs of electrodes. six hearts were perfused at different extracellular ca(2+) concentrations ([ca(2+)](o); 1, 2, 4, and 8 mm). these signals ... | 2003 | 12446280 |
| visual experience before eye-opening and the development of the retinogeniculate pathway. | visual experience before eye-opening is not usually thought to have any developmental significance. here we show that naturalistic visual stimuli presented through unopened eyelids robustly activate neurons in the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. further, dark-rearing prior to natural eye-opening has striking effects upon geniculate physiology. receptive field maps after dark-rearing show increased convergence of on- and off-center responses, and neurons frequently respond to both brigh ... | 2002 | 12467590 |
| [ferrets in veterinary practice]. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) show up with increasing frequency in veterinary practice. originally domesticated for hunting of rodents and rabbits, they became very popular pets which require legal permission though and the further fulfillment of various husbandry needs. ferrets have to be maintained on a high protein diet which in practice is often done with commercial feline products. physical examination is similar to dogs and cats whereas the frequent occurrence of non-specific symptoms re ... | 2002 | 12481538 |
| functional gabab receptors are present in guinea pig nodose ganglion cell bodies but not in peripheral mechanosensitive endings. | the effects of the gabab-selective agonist baclofen were studied on guinea pig nodose ganglion neurones using grease gap and intracellular recording techniques, and on peripheral mechanosensitive endings in the guinea pig oesophagus and stomach with extracellular recordings. gaba dose-dependently reduced the amplitude of the compound action potential of c-type neurones (c spikes, ec50 = 30.9 microm), which was prevented by the gabaa antagonist bicuculline (10 microm). the gabab agonist baclofen ... | 2002 | 12492132 |
| relationship between stereochemistry and the beta3-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of 4'-hydroxynorephedrine derivative as an agent for treatment of frequent urination and urinary incontinence. | this report proposes a beta(3)-adrenoceptor (ar) selective agonist, 2-[2-chloro-4-(2-([(1s,2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino)ethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (1a), as a novel agent for treating urinary bladder dysfunction. this compound and its relatives have a unique feature among beta(3)-ar agonists: two chiral carbons are adjacently structured on the left side of the molecule. to study the relationship between the stereoconfiguration of the vicinal chiral carbons in 1a and beta-a ... | 2003 | 12502364 |
| the transmission of mycobacterium bovis infection to cattle. | the prevalence of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is increasing rapidly in some countries, including the uk and ireland. the organism infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, and eradication of the disease is difficult if there is an extensive reservoir in the wildlife population. existing evidence suggests that wildlife vectors include the european badger in the uk and ireland, the brush-tailed possum and ferret in new zealand and ungulates in some other countries. cattle grazing field ... | 2003 | 12507561 |
| exposing ferrets to cigarette smoke and a pharmacological dose of beta-carotene supplementation enhance in vitro retinoic acid catabolism in lungs via induction of cytochrome p450 enzymes. | in our previous studies, we found lower levels of retinoic acid (ra) in the lungs of ferrets exposed to cigarette smoke and/or a pharmacological dose of beta-carotene. to determine whether this is involved in excessive catabolism of ra via cytochrome p450 (cyp) induction, we carried out in vitro incubations of ra with the lung microsomal fractions of ferrets with or without cyp inhibitors and antibodies against cyp. the polar metabolites (4-oxo-ra and 18-hydroxy-ra) of ra metabolism after the in ... | 2003 | 12514286 |
| spatiotemporal patterns of excitation and inhibition evoked by the horizontal network in layer 2/3 of ferret visual cortex. | the horizontal network in visual cortex layer 2/3 is implicated in numerous psychophysical and physiological properties. to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of excitation and inhibition evoked by this network, we used voltage-sensitive dyes to image the responses to focal electrical stimulation in tangential slices of ferret visual cortex layer 2/3. the resulting optical patterns included a diffuse zone of activation near the stimulation site and numerous ovoid domains throughou ... | 2003 | 12522196 |
| recruitment of local inhibitory networks by horizontal connections in layer 2/3 of ferret visual cortex. | to investigate how neurons in cortical layer 2/3 integrate horizontal inputs arising from widely distributed sites, we combined intracellular recording and voltage-sensitive dye imaging to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal activity evoked by electrical stimulation of multiple sites in visual cortex. individual stimuli evoked characteristic patterns of optical activity, while delivering stimuli at multiple sites generated interacting patterns in the regions of overlap. we observed ... | 2003 | 12522197 |
| species comparison of methemoglobin reductase. | methemoglobin (mhb) formation is effective in treating cyanide (cn) poisoning. endogenous activity of the enzyme mhb reductase (mr) reflects the capacity to reduce mhb and thus represents a key factor for evaluating anti-cn efficacy of mhb formers. mr activity was measured in whole blood of nine animal species and was compared with human mr activity. the animals in this comparative study included seven nonhuman primate (nhp) species, the beagle dog, and the ferret. although exhibiting higher mr ... | 2003 | 12524477 |
| cryptococcosis in ferrets: a diverse spectrum of clinical disease. | cryptococcosis was diagnosed in seven ferrets (five from australia; two from western canada) displaying a wide range of clinical signs. two of the ferrets lived together. one (5-years-old) had cryptococcal rhinitis and presented when the infection spread to the nasal bridge. its sibling developed cryptococcal abscessation of the right retropharyngeal lymph node 12 months later, soon after developing a severe skin condition. dna fingerprinting and microsatellite analysis demonstrated that the two ... | 2002 | 12537139 |
| mechanisms of submucosal gland morphogenesis in the airway. | submucosal glands (smgs) are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of hypersecretory lung diseases including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. in such diseases, severe smg hypertrophy and hyperplasia is characteristic of disease progression. our laboratory has focused efforts on defining both the mechanism of smg morphogenesis and the identification of smg stem cells. to this end, we have identified a transcription factor (lef1) that is temporally and s ... | 2002 | 12568487 |
| fast rhythmic bursting can be induced in layer 2/3 cortical neurons by enhancing persistent na+ conductance or by blocking bk channels. | fast rhythmic bursting (or "chattering") is a firing pattern exhibited by selected neocortical neurons in cats in vivo and in slices of adult ferret and cat brain. fast rhythmic bursting (frb) has been recorded in certain superficial and deep principal neurons and in aspiny presumed local circuit neurons; it can be evoked by depolarizing currents or by sensory stimulation and has been proposed to depend on a persistent g(na) that causes spike depolarizing afterpotentials. we constructed a multic ... | 2003 | 12574468 |
| receptive fields and response properties of neurons in layer 4 of ferret visual cortex. | the ferret has become a model animal for studies exploring the development of the visual system. however, little is known about the receptive-field structure and response properties of neurons in the adult visual cortex of the ferret. we performed single-unit recordings from neurons in layer 4 of adult ferret primary visual cortex to determine the receptive-field structure and visual-response properties of individual neurons. in particular, we asked what is the spatiotemporal structure of recept ... | 2003 | 12574476 |
| synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel n-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-ht3 and dopamine d2 receptor antagonistic activity. | a structurally original series of n-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides derived from the corresponding benzamide 5 were prepared and evaluated for their binding affinity for the dopamine d(2) and serotonin 5-ht(3) receptors using rat striatum and rat cortical membrane, respectively. many of the synthesized pyridine-3-carboxamides exhibited nanomolar binding affinity for the serotonin 5-ht(3) receptor along with moderate to high binding affinity for the dopamine d ... | 2003 | 12593651 |
| coding of natural scenes in primary visual cortex. | natural scene coding in ferret visual cortex was investigated using a new technique for multi-site recording of neuronal activity from the cortical surface. surface recordings accurately reflected radially aligned layer 2/3 activity. at individual sites, evoked activity to natural scenes was weakly correlated with the local image contrast structure falling within the cells' classical receptive field. however, a population code, derived from activity integrated across cortical sites having retino ... | 2003 | 12597866 |
| pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new influenza a (h5n1) virus isolated from duck meat. | avian influenza a viruses are the ancestral origin of all human influenza viruses. the outbreak of highly pathogenic (hp) avian h5n1 in hong kong in 1997 highlighted the potential of these viruses to infect and cause severe disease in humans. since 1999, hp h5n1 viruses were isolated several times from domestic poultry in asia. in 2001, a hp h5n1 virus, a/duck/anyang/avl-1/2001 (dk/anyang), was isolated from imported frozen duck meat in korea. because of this novel source of hp h5n1 virus isolat ... | 2003 | 12601764 |
| differential functional properties of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iigamma variants isolated from smooth muscle. | six variants of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iigamma were isolated from a ferret-aorta smooth-muscle cdna library. variant g-2 is generated by a novel alternative polyadenylation, utilizing a site contained in an intron. the last 77 residues of the association domain are replaced with 99 residues of a unique sequence containing src homology 3-domain-binding motifs, which alter catalytic activity. variant c-2 has an eight-residue deletion in an atp-binding motif and does not autophosphoryl ... | 2003 | 12603201 |
| developmental capacity of ferret embryos by nuclear transfer using g0/g1-phase fetal fibroblasts. | with the ultimate goal of establishing experimental protocols necessary for cloning ferrets, the present study has established parameters for the reconstruction of ferret embryos by nuclear transfer (nt) using g0/g1-phase donor fetal fibroblasts. cumulus-oocyte complexes were harvested from superovulated ferrets and cultured in maturation medium for 24 h. matured oocytes were then enucleated and injected with the fibroblast nuclei derived from 14-16-h serum-starved cells. reconstructed embryos w ... | 2003 | 12606336 |
| ferret urogenital diseases. | improved nutrition and client education have decreased the incidence of certain urinary tract diseases in ferrets. early neutering programs at commercial breeding farms in the united states have also led to a marked decrease in the incidence of reproductive tract disease, especially estrogen-induced bone marrow suppression. however, the increased incidence of adrenal disease and its secondary effects on reproductive and associated urinary tract tissue presents an ongoing challenge for the clinic ... | 2003 | 12616836 |
| quantitative measurement of afferent layers in the ferret inferior colliculus: dnll projections to sublayers. | in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ic), afferent projections are aligned with dendritic arbors of disk-shaped cells, forming fibrodendritic layers. one feature that may serve as a guide for study of the intrinsic organization of the ic layers is the segregation of certain inputs to bands and patches within the layers of the central nucleus. in this study, we used phaseolus leucoagglutinin as an anterograde tracer to examine the projections from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral l ... | 2003 | 12618315 |
| serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) glucuronidation in vitro: assay development, human liver microsome activities and species differences. | 1. the main purpose was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-based method to assay serotonin glucuronidation activity using liver microsomal fractions. application of this method was then demonstrated by determining serotonin udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) enzyme kinetics using human liver microsomes and recombinant human ugt1a6. interspecies differences were also evaluated using liver microsomes from 10 different mammalian species. 2. incubation of liver microsomes with ... | 2003 | 12623759 |
| different inhibitory synaptic input patterns in excitatory and inhibitory layer 4 neurons of ferret visual cortex. | the synaptic mechanisms underlying the generation of orientation and direction selectivity in layer 4 of the primary visual cortex are still largely unclear. previous in vivo work has shown that intra-cortical inhibition plays a major role in generating the properties of orientation and direction selectivity. excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons differ in their receptive field properties: excitatory neurons tend to be orientation- and direction-selective, inhibitory neurons tend to be orie ... | 2003 | 12631564 |
| identification of genotypes of cryptosporidium parvum isolates from ferrets in japan. | recent molecular studies show that cryptosporidium parvum is composed of at least eight genotypes including zoonotic genotypes. therefore, it is important to screen the genotypes of the isolates harbored in animals for the control of human cryptosporidiosis. the ferret is a popular pet, but also a reservoir of cryptosporidium. since the infectivity of zoonotic genotypes in ferrets remains unclear, there is a possibility these hosts harbor zoonotic genotypes. in the present study, we examined the ... | 2003 | 12632159 |
| adrenal cortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation in the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a total of 15 adrenocortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation from 15 ferrets were evaluated in this retrospective study. six of these ferrets (40%) either were euthanatized or died due to invasive and/or metastatic disease. the myxoid component was a variable part (between 5% and 95%) of the adrenal cortical neoplasm and consisted of sheets and cords of small, polygonal neoplastic cells that formed lumenlike spaces. such spaces contained a variable amount of alcian blue (ph 2.5)-positive ... | 2003 | 12637752 |
| substituted aminopyridines as potent and selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. | the synthesis and the biological evaluation of new potent phosphodiesterase type 4 (pde4) inhibitors are presented. this new series was elaborated by replacement of the metabolically resistant phenyl hexafluorocarbinol of l-791,943 (1) by a substituted aminopyridine residue. the structure-activity relationship of n-substitution on 3 led to the identification of (-)-3n which exhibited a good pde4 inhibitor activity (hwb-tnfalpha=0.12 microm) and an improved pharmacokinetic profile over l-791,943 ... | 2003 | 12639571 |
| visual field defects in albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | the extent of the horizontal visual field was determined behaviourally in 4 pigmented and 5 albino ferrets (mustela putorius furo, carnivora, mammalia) using perimetry. during binocular vision, all pigmented and three albino ferrets responded equally well to stimuli presented anywhere along the horizontal perimeter in the central 180 degrees of the visual field. the remaining two albinos had a visual field defect in the right hemifield (>30 degrees eccentricity). during monocular vision, a signi ... | 2003 | 12639605 |
| pharmacological profile of as-9705, a novel benzotriazolecarboxamide derivative, as a gastroprokinetic agent with potent anti-emetic activity. | the pharmacological profile of as-9705 ((r)-n-(1-ethyl-1h-hexahydroazepin-3- yl)-6- methoxy-1h-benzotriazole-5-carboxamide fumarate monohydrate, cas 219622-61-4), a novel gastroprokinetic agent with potent anti-emetic activity, was investigated in the present study. as-9705 inhibited [3h]spiperone binding to human dopamine d2.long receptors, and [3h]r(+)-7-oh-dpat binding to human dopamine d3 receptors (ic50 values of 58.5 +/- 14.0 and 60.8 +/- 7.8 (nmol/l), respectively) and had negligible affi ... | 2003 | 12642965 |
| adaptation and temporal decorrelation by single neurons in the primary visual cortex. | limiting redundancy in the real-world sensory inputs is of obvious benefit for efficient neural coding, but little is known about how this may be accomplished by biophysical neural mechanisms. one possible cellular mechanism is through adaptation to relatively constant inputs. recent investigations in primary visual (v1) cortical neurons have demonstrated that adaptation to prolonged changes in stimulus contrast is mediated in part through intrinsic ionic currents, a ca2+-activated k+ current (i ... | 2003 | 12649312 |
| cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of ferret preproendothelin-2 and phylogenetic analysis. | ferret preproendothelin-2 (ppet2) cdna was cloned from intestinal tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in conjunction with 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna comprises 1230 bp, excluding the poly(a) tail, and has 534 bp of open reading frame encoding a putative polypeptide of 178 residues, in which a 21-amino acid mature endothelin-2 (et2) peptide as well as a 24-amino acid putative signal peptide and a 16-amino acid et2-like peptide were f ... | 2002 | 12652909 |
| neutralizing epitopes specific for influenza b virus yamagata group strains are in the 'loop'. | to study the neutralizing epitopes of influenza b virus yamagata group strains, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used to select escape mutants of the virus. mabs 5h4 and 3a12 were found to react with b/yamagata group strains in haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests; no reactivity with b/victoria group strains was observed. most of the mutants reacted poorly to polyclonal ferret antibody against the 1998 isolate. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences identified a singl ... | 2003 | 12655076 |
| large granular lymphocyte leukemia in a ferret. | | 1995 | 12664438 |
| pharmacology of a new cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, v11294. | v11294 is a new cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (pde4) inhibitor of the rolipram class. in this report we present the pharmacological profile of v11294. v11294 inhibited pde4 isolated from human lung with ic(50) 405 nm, compared to 3700 nm for rolipram. in contrast, v11294 inhibition of human pde3 and pde5 occurred only at concentrations greater than 100,000 nm. like rolipram, v11294 inhibited pde4d more potently than other pde4 subtypes. v11294, when incubated with human anticoagulat ... | 2003 | 12670778 |
| cytological diagnosis of chordoma of the tail in a ferret. | | 1992 | 12671792 |