| is it possible to use the honey bee adult as a bioindicator for the detection of pesticide residues in plants? | pesticide residues are usually determined by physical, chemical and biological methods. the simplicity and adaptability of bioassay methods have won their acceptance in the field of residue analysis. theoretically, any organism that is susceptible to a pesticide may be used for its bioassay in any environmental sample. this means that such organism may serve as a bioindicator for the detection of certain pollutants. the susceptibility of honey bees (apis melifera l.) to many insecticides commonl ... | 2012 | 3448862 |
| high resolution of honey bee (apis mellifera) venom peptides by propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after ethanol precipitation. | a new and simple gel electrophoretic method is described which enables the protein and polypeptide components of bee venom to be resolved on a single gel. the electrophoretic method allows octapeptides to be resolved and species as small as decapeptides can be detected at high sensitivity using the coomassie blue staining method without prior fixation. this has been achieved by replacing acetic acid by propionic acid in acid/urea polyacrylamide gels and by controlling the amount of temed catalys ... | 2009 | 2781578 |
| cyanide residue levels in extracted honey, comb honey and wax cappings. | cyanide (cn) residue levels were determined in samples of extracted honey, comb honey and was cappings at 1 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr intervals after destroying the bees in honey bee colonies with normal (ca. 8.5 g) and twice normal (ca. 17 g) doses of cyanogasr a-dust. applications of cyanogasr a-dust, administered by means of a dust pump at normal and twice normal doses, gave an average residue of 0.01 and 0.04 microgram cn/g of extracted honey, 0.01 and 0.02 microgram cn/g of comb honey and 0.04 a ... | 1976 | 429760 |
| [allergy and histamine release (author's transl)]. | histamine is released from mastocytes and basophils polymorphonuclears. this occurs particularly in reaginic type of allergy. the different phases of the reaginic process has been studied: ige bridgings with antigens, cell membrane activation, cytoplasmic biochemical reactions involving cyclic amp and gmp leading to microtubules activities, contraction of microfibrils and degranulation. calcium and magnesium contribute to the regulation of histamine release. histamine releases could also be seen ... | 2000 | 89696 |
| the supply of metabolic substrate from glia to photoreceptors in the retina of the honeybee drone. | 1. the drone retina is composed essentially of only two types of cells: a population of identical photoreceptor cells occupying 38% of the volume is embedded in a syncytium of glia (called outer pigment cells). nearly all the mitochondria are in the photoreceptors. 2. a retinal slice consumes 18 microliter o2 (ml tissue)-1 min-1 in the dark for up to 6 h, even without exogenous substrate; in 6 h this would require the equivalent of 127 mm glucose in the photoreceptors or 8.7 mg glycogen (ml tiss ... | 2012 | 3503929 |
| [phospholipases a2 from snake and bee venoms]. | | 2012 | 3523621 |
| a double-blind study comparing monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-modified honeybee venom and unmodified honeybee venom for immunotherapy. i. clinical results. | thirty-five patients were allocated at random to immunotherapy (it) in a double-blind way with either monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mpeg)-modified honeybee venom (hbv) or hbv. the two groups were well matched regarding age, sex, skin sensitivity, hbv-specific serum ige and igg antibodies, and history of reactions after a field sting; mpeg-hbv-treated patients received doses that increased more steeply than doses of the hbv-treated patients. the maintenance dose of the former group (200 microg ... | 2013 | 3624680 |
| taurine-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee. | taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the insect central nervous system. we have investigated the distribution of taurine-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee with an antiserum recognizing fixed taurine. taurine-like immunoreactivity appeared within neuronal perikarya, neurites, and terminals, whereas glial cells were unlabelled. all photoreceptor cells of the compound eyes and the ocelli were stained. so were the fibers of the anterio ... | 2012 | 3346385 |
| changes in igg and ige antibody levels to bee venom during immunotherapy. | ige and igg antibodies to bee venom were measured in sera of patients receiving bee venom immunotherapy. all patients selected for therapy had suffered severe reactions to bee stings. the results showed that within 2-3 months from the commencement of immunotherapy there was a marked rise in igg antibodies and a slight but not significant rise in ige antibodies. after this period, the ige antibody level began to fall and was about one third of the pre-treatment level by the second to third year. ... | 2013 | 3770979 |
| cardiovascular responses to physical exercise and tyramine infusion in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. | the aim of our investigation was to assess blood pressure and heart rate variations in 20 essential hypertensive male in-patients (who class i and ii) and in 20 normotensive healthy volunteers submitted to three provocation tests: isometric handgrip (ihg), bicycle ergometric exercise (bee) and tyramine infusion (ti) given as i.v. boluses alternating with saline in a single-blind fashion. according to our data ihg induced a comparable rise of systolic bp, diastolic bp and heart rate both in hyper ... | 2009 | 2795592 |
| comparison of the atopic background between allergic and non-allergic beekeepers. | a study was carried out on beekeepers and their families. 34 subjects with a history of bee sting allergy and also a positive radioallergosorbent test (rast) to honey bee venom were compared with 47 subjects with neither. 16 subjects in the bee allergy group (47%) had a history of atopic diseases as compared to 6 (13%) in the control group (p less than 0.01). 15 in the bee allergy group (44%) had at least one positive rast to three common inhalant allergens as compared to 5 (11%) in the control ... | 1978 | 422284 |
| biosynthesis of a secretory peptide in honeybee venom glands: intermediates detected in vivo and in vitro. | | 1983 | 326578 |
| apis mellifera cytoplasmic elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1 alpha) is closely related to drosophila melanogaster ef-1 alpha. | using low stringency hybridisation with a drosophila melanogaster ef-1 alpha gene fragment we have isolated a genomic dna clone encoding elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1 alpha) from apis mellifera. the hybridising apis mellifera sequence could be delineated to two small ecori fragments that were also revealed by genomic southern hybridisation. by comparison with the corresponding drosophila melanogaster data the complete translational reading frame has been deduced. it is interrupted by two inter ... | 1990 | 2116322 |
| inhibition of beta-bungarotoxin action by bee venom phospholipase a2. | | 1998 | 24852 |
| diagnosis of allergy to stinging insects by skin testing with hymenoptera venoms. | skin testing was done on 30 patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions after a hymenoptera sting and on 30 control subjects. the patients all had positive basophilhistamine release to one or more venoms on challenge with the specific venoms used for skin testing (honey bee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and polistes). at 0.1 mug of venom/ml and at 1.0 mug of venom/ml, 75% and 100%, respectively, of the sensitive patients had a positive skin test. there was a significan ... | 2000 | 59564 |
| measurement of igg-blocking antibodies: development and application of a radioimmunoassay. | a radioimmunoassay for measuring blocking antibodies has been developed. we used the ragweed antigen e system to show that the same blocking antibodies (igg) measured by inhibition of antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release were precipitated in the binding assay (r8 = 0.96, p less than 0.001), thus validating a widely applicable technique for measuring blocking antibodies. binding of phospholipase-a (phos-a), the major allergen in honey bee venom, was also shown to correlate significantly wi ... | 2000 | 58936 |
| allergens of honey bee venom. | | 2001 | 56920 |
| effects of caffeine and various xanthines on hornets and bees. | the effect of caffeine was assessed on vespa orientalis hornets maintained either in sealed breeding boxes or as entire colonies free to forage, and also on apis mellifera bees within their hives. in a number of instances the hornets were also used to study the effect of various bodily extracts of queen hornets and of the following xanthines: purine; hypoxanthine; uric acid; theophylline; and theobromine. the studied materials were found to exert an effect on three categories of activities: (1) ... | 2002 | 117503 |
| pigment transformation and electrical responses in retinula cells of drone, apis mellifera male. | 1. receptor potentials in honeybee drone retinula cells were recorded with intracellular micro-electrodes in the dorsal part of the superfused retina. the light stimuli were sufficiently weak that the response amplitude was proportional to the intensity. 2. responses to stimuli of different wave-lengths, although of different amplitude, all had the same time course. 3. the maximal sensitivity in all the cells recorded from was to a wave-length between 450 and 460 nm. 4. microspectrophotometry sh ... | 2004 | 529115 |
| effects of the venom of the bee wolf wasp, philanthus triangulum f., on contraction and presynaptic vesicles in locust muscle. | | 2004 | 524388 |
| [effects of the ashes of the irazu volcano (costa rica) on various insects]. | a study of the 1963-1965 eruptions of the irazú volcano (costa rica) showed that the ashes altered the ecological conditions of a great number of insects. experiments suggest a mechanical action of the abrasive particles on the epicuticle, making it permeable, and thus accelerating dehydration. other insects, such as the honey bee (apis mellifera), were not affected externally but through the ingestion of ash-contaminated nectar and by the massive destruction of the vegetation on which they depe ... | 2004 | 1224020 |
| population genetic studies in bees (apidae, hymenoptera). i. genetic load. | three populations of apis mellifera each predominantly of a different subspecies (mellifera, ligustica and adansonii) and 7 species of stingless bees (meliponinae, apidae) were manipulated for applying the morton, crow & muller's methodology in order to estimate the lethal equivalents (b) of each population. a total of 249 queens were used, 27 being meliponids and 222 apis mellifera. the populations of apis have a b that does not differ significantly when they are compared to each other (1.29, 1 ... | 2005 | 1233887 |
| [role of mildew and mildewed honey in summer-fall mortality in bee hives]. | the high summer and autumn lethality of unknown etiology observed in bee families from the vidin district in 1978 was studied. it was established that amid suffering bee families lethality ranges from 50 to 100%. results of the microbiological investigations carried out proved negative--no pathogen bee microorganisms were isolated. negative results were obtained from the parasitological investigations also. analysis of honey produced by suffering families indicated that the samples are highly po ... | 2005 | 549268 |
| acute hypersensitivity to ingested processed pollen. | ingestion of commercially processed honeybee-collected pollen produced potentially fatal consequences in a 19 year old asthmatic male. symptoms of sore throat, facial itch and swelling, difficulty in breathing and stridor lasted for approximately two hours and was followed by clinical respiratory distress with widespread wheeze on auscultation of his chest. rast and skin test data suggest that these complications appear to be mediated by ige antibodies directed against the processed pollen, but ... | 2007 | 3864427 |
| patch testing of 11 common herbal topical medicaments in hong kong. | 11 common herbal topical medicaments in hong kong were selected for patch testing to study whether they could cause skin reactions under occlusive conditions. these included white flower oil, hung far oil, kwan loong medicated oil, tiger oil, jaminton oil, bee brand oil, tiger balm, au kah chuen skin lotions, mopiko ointment, oronineh ointment and mentholatum. the former 7 were traditional chinese herbal medicaments, the last one was made in usa and the remaining 2 were japanese products. 20 pat ... | 2007 | 2335084 |
| inhibition of venom phospholipases a2 by manoalide and manoalogue. stoichiometry of incorporation. | we have previously described the irreversible inhibition of cobra venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) by the marine natural product manoalide (mld) (lombardo, d., and dennis, e. a. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 7234-7240) and by its synthetic analog, manoalogue (mlg) (reynolds l. j., morgan, b. p., hite, g. a., mihelich, e. d., and dennis, e. a. (1988) j. am. chem. soc. 110, 5172-5177). we have now made a direct comparison of the action of these two inhibitors on pla2 from cobra, bee, and rattlesnake ven ... | 2007 | 1885583 |
| errors in estimating energy expenditure in critically ill surgical patients. | thirty-one critically ill surgical patients were receiving central parenteral nutrition. all were intubated, and 29 were receiving mechanical ventilatory support. nutritional and metabolic data were recorded at the time of indirect calorimetry. measured energy expenditure (mee) was compared with predictions of basal energy expenditure (bee) and calculated energy expenditure, defined as the product of bee and a stress factor estimated by the nutrition support service to account for severity of il ... | 2008 | 2493238 |
| fluorescence-quenching-resolved spectra of melittin in lipid bilayers. | the interaction of bee venom melittin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpc) unilamellar vesicles has been studied by means of fluorescence quenching of the single tryptophan residue of the protein, at lipid-to-peptide ratio, ri = 50 and at high ionic strength (2 m nacl). the method of fluorescence-quenching-resolved spectra (fqrs), applied in this study with potassium iodide as a quencher, enabled us to decompose the tryptophan emission spectrum of liposome-bound melittin into components, a ... | 2008 | 2223839 |
| igg and ige antibodies after immunotherapy with bee and wasp venom. | igg and ige antibody levels have been followed for a period of 2 years in patients receiving immunotherapy with bee and wasp venom. 106 adult patients who had had anaphylactic reactions to wasp stings had initially low igg antibody levels to wasp venom which rose with therapy (p less than 0.001). ige antibody levels also showed an initial rise but subsequently fell (p less than 0.001). the pattern was similar to that previously reported in children who had had anaphylactic reactions to bee sting ... | 2009 | 2707888 |
| stimulation of arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid biosynthesis in an interleukin 2-dependent t cell line. | previous studies have provided pharmacologic evidence that t lymphocyte function may be regulated in part by the intracellular production of various arachidonic acid (aa) metabolites in response to cellular stimulation. however, the specific aa metabolic capabilities of homogeneous t cell populations have not been clearly defined. in the present studies, we have employed an accessory cell-free t cell line, ht-2, as a model system for the examination of stimulus-induced eicosanoid biosynthesis in ... | 2011 | 3088127 |
| characteristics of interneurons in the ocellar system of the honeybee. | intracellular recording and staining has revealed new aspects of the anatomy and physiology of ocellar interneurons in the honeybee (apis mellifera). homologous large first-order interneurons (l-neurons) from different individuals vary in structure as well as in their response to light. even the response patterns of one type of l-neuron may present a continuum from graded responses to spiking responses. the response depends on the state of the l-neuron and cannot be correlated with particular mo ... | 2012 | 3545897 |
| igg subclass antibody response to hymenoptera venom. | venom immunotherapy provides clinical protection against hymenoptera stings in almost all treated allergic patients. venom specific igg antibodies often rise during immunotherapy and some studies found an association between their levels and clinical protection in subjects treated with yellow jacket venom. it is interesting to report that, among igg subclasses, venom specific igg4 show the most significant increase but igg1 could represent a relevant immunological mechanism, exerting a regulator ... | 2012 | 3325820 |
| further studies of patients with both honeybee- and yellow-jacket-venom-specific ige. | twenty-five sera from patients with high titers of both honeybee- and yellow-jacket-venom-specific ige were analyzed in rast inhibition experiments, using each venom as the coupling and inhibiting antigen. eight sera had unique antibody activity with no cross-reactivity between yellow-jacket- and honeybee-venom-specific ige. in 5 sera, the ige antibody activity was directed at a major allergen in yellow jacket venom cross-reacting with a minor allergen in honeybee venom. honeybee venom inhibited ... | 2013 | 3804461 |
| [the effect produced by bee venom on certain enzymes and biologically active groups in the tissues of mice in vivo]. | | 2014 | 4294241 |
| evaluation of the linear dichroism on the peritrophic membrane of a stingless bee. | | 2014 | 4267402 |
| [death following bee sting. case report]. | | 2014 | 4210719 |
| [causal treatment of hymenoptera sting allergy. clinical experiences and serologic control (specific ige- and ig-antibodies) during hyposensitization with bee and wasp venoms]. | | 2014 | 4048724 |
| characterization of dna from three bee species. | | 2015 | 4436593 |
| some aspects of visual physiology of the honeybee. | | 2015 | 4357504 |
| [determination of plant protective agent residues in bee honey. 2. semiquantitative thin layer chromatographic determination of herbicide residues in bee honey]. | | 2016 | 4725510 |
| alteration of the protein composition in the haemolymph of american cockroaches immunized with soluble proteins. | previous in vivo experiments demonstrating the existence of humoral immunity in cockroaches prompted us to investigate the composition and number of proteins that are newly induced or increased in quantity in the haemolymph of immune cockroaches compared to saline-injected control animals. sds-page analysis showed that six different haemolymph proteins of molecular weights 220,000, 162,000, 115,000, 102,000, 95,000 and 45,000 were induced in response to immunization by honeybee toxoid. however, ... | 2013 | 3666788 |
| bee sting and relapse of nephrotic syndrome. | in a group of 180 children with nephrotic syndrome and followed up in one institution, 3 of them relapsed subsequently to a bee sting. proteinuria disappeared after steroid therapy. | 2012 | 3251627 |
| neuromuscular block in honeybees by the venom of the bee wolf wasp (philanthus triangulum f.). | | 1995 | 167475 |
| acetylcholinesterase from apis mellifera head. evidence for amphiphilic and hydrophilic forms characterized by triton x-114 phase separation. | the polymorphism of bee acetylcholinesterase was studied by sucrose-gradient-sedimentation analysis and non-denaturing electrophoretic analysis of fresh extracts. lubrol-containing extracts exhibited only one form, which sedimented at 5 s when analysed on high-salt lubrol-containing gradients and 6 s when analysed on low-salt lubrol-containing gradients. the 5 s/6 s form aggregated upon removal of the detergent when sedimented on detergent-free gradients and was recovered in the detergent phase ... | 2010 | 2849414 |
| basal metabolism of obese adolescents: inconsistent diet and exercise effects. | effects of 20 wk of diet-plus-behavior (db) therapy or exercise-plus-diet-plus-behavior (edb) therapy on changes in basal energy expenditure (bee) were studied in 36 obese male and female adolescents. bee was assessed by open-circuit spirometry and body composition by hydrostatic weighing. dietary restriction was based on the dietary-exchange program. behavioral treatment included record-keeping, stimulus-control, and reinforcement techniques. edb therapy included 50 min/d, 3 d/wk of aerobics. a ... | 2012 | 3414571 |
| characterization of nucleic acids associated with arkansas bee virus. | arkansas bee virus (abv) is a 30-nm isometric virus composed of one major species of polypeptide (mol. wt. 43 x 10(3] and one species of single-stranded rna (mol. wt. 1.8 x 10(6]. the size of the genomic rna and the lack of evidence for encapsidation or synthesis of a second smaller rna species exclude further consideration of this virus for inclusion with the physicochemically similar viruses of the nodaviridae. several independent isolations of abv were made from bees, and in each case it was ... | 2013 | 3924854 |
| combined active and passive immunotherapy in honeybee-sting allergy. | five honeybee sting-allergic patients in whom bee venom immunotherapy (vit) had previously been stopped because of repeated allergic side effects (se) were resubmitted to bee vit after pretreatment with beekeeper gammaglobulin. the tolerated bee venom dose was increased five to 800 times after this passive immunotherapy, and the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of honeybee venom (bv) was reached in all patients after 6 to 15 days of a rush hyposensitization. the igg response to bv was not supp ... | 2013 | 3722631 |
| binding and toxicity of apamin. characterization of the active site. | the structural features of apamin, a natural octadecapeptide from bee venom, enabling binding to its receptor and the expression of toxicity in mice, have been delineated by studying the effects on binding and toxicity of chemical modifications and amino acid substitutions in synthetic analogues. the results obtained indicate that the only hydrophobic residue, leucine at position 10, can be changed to alanine without a significant decrease in the specific activity. the need for a correct conform ... | 1988 | 2013287 |
| neotropical africanized honey bees have african mitochondrial dna. | non-indigenous african honey bees have invaded most of south and central america in just over 30 years. the genetic composition of this population and the means by which it rapidly colonizes new territory remain controversial. in particular, it has been unclear whether this 'africanized' population has resulted from interbreeding between african and domestic european bees, or is an essentially pure african population. also, it has not been known whether this population expanded primarily by fema ... | 2008 | 2566123 |
| a deuterium and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of melittin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers and the effects of contaminating phospholipase a2. | the interaction of bee venom melittin with dimyristolphosphatidylcholine (dmpc) selectively deuteriated in the choline head group has been studied by deuterium and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the action of residual phospholipase a2 in melittin samples resulted in mixtures of dmpc and its hydrolytic products that underwent reversible transitions at temperatures between 30 and 35 degrees c from extended bilayers to micellar particles which gave narrow single-line d ... | 2009 | 3676290 |
| the management of bee hives. | | 2013 | 3856106 |
| brain but not retinal glial cells have carbonic anhydrase activity in the honeybee drone. | carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity was localized histochemically in the retina and brain of the honeybee drone. a positive reaction that could be inhibited with 10(-5) m acetazolamide was found only in brain glial cells such as those in the lamina and medulla of the optic lobes. in the retina, neither the photoreceptors nor the pigmented glial cells showed ca activity. hence, there is a marked difference between retinal and brain glial cells with respect to those functions thought to be performed ... | 2011 | 3129680 |
| allergy to venom from bee or wasp: the relation between clinical and immunological reactions to insect stings. | sixty-three patients, applying to the casualty ward after a bee or wasp sting, were tested. on the day of admission, and 4 weeks later, blood was sampled to measure specific ige and igg against bee and wasp venom and total ige. four weeks after the insect sting, all patients were examined with skin-prick test (1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml), and intracutaneous test (0.05 ml of extract 1.0 microgram/ml). the amount of venom-specific ige and igg increased significantly during the 4-week period, veno ... | 2012 | 3349594 |
| bee venom allergy in a patient with urticaria pigmentosa. | | 2012 | 3819222 |
| enhancement of bee venom phospholipase a2 activity by melittin, direct lytic factor from cobra venom and polymyxin b. | | 2015 | 4371280 |
| myocardial infarction in pregnancy associated with a coronary artery thrombus. | the case of a 36-year-old multigravid woman in whom acute myocardial infarction developed at five months post partum is described. coronary angiography performed 11 days following myocardial infarction demonstrated a thrombus-like lesion in the coronary artery branch supplying the area of myocardial damage with no other evidence of coronary artery disease. this finding suggests that the development of a coronary artery thrombus is part of the mechanism of myocardial infarction in this case where ... | 1974 | 475522 |
| cytochemical studies on the poison gland of honey-bee sting. | | 2015 | 4669383 |
| translation of melittin messenger rna in vitro yields a product terminating with glutaminylglycine rather than with glutaminamide. | melittin messenger rna from queen bee venom glands has been translated in a cell-free system from wheat germ. a product larger than promelittin is formed which has the carboxy-terminal sequence-gln-gln-glycooh. melittin and promelittin from venom glands terminate in -gln-glnconh2. the possible role of the extra glycine residue in the formation of a cooh-terminal amide via a transamidase-like reaction is discussed. | 1993 | 265590 |
| [comparative biochemical effects of the injection of cyclic and linear forms of vertebrate somatostatin on the honeybee in vivo. ii. blood lipids]. | the linear and cyclic forms of vertebrate somatostatin were injected to worker honeybees at the rate of 50 ng per individual, and their effects on the lipemia were compared between themselves and with those of saline injection over a 3 hrs period. both hormonal forms elicit a global decrease of the levels of phospholipids, steroids, fatty acids, diacyl and triacyl glycerol, by contrast with hyperlipemic effects induced by the injection of saline alone. the kinetics of variations show a remarkabl ... | 2008 | 2870785 |
| three previously undescribed viruses from the honey bee. | | 2014 | 4215869 |
| evolution of sensitivity to hymenoptera venom in 200 allergic patients followed for up to 3 years. | duration of venom immunotherapy still remains questionnable, since some patients outgrow their sensitivity. two hundred venom-allergic patients (4 to 82 years; mean +/- sd, 37.3 +/- 14.2 years) who were first observed with systemic reactions (srs) were investigated yearly for up to 3 years. among these patients, 72 were allergic to honeybee venom, 83 to yellow jacket venom, and 45 to both yellow jacket and polistes venom. at each visit patients had skin tests and rast to venom. all patients had ... | 2008 | 2600326 |
| allergens in hymenoptera venom. xviii. immunoblotting studies of venom allergens. | pure venoms from yellow jackets and bees were used to evaluate denaturing and nondenaturing immunoblot techniques and to compare results of ige antibody-stained immunoblots to rast with highly purified allergens. significant differences in ige antibody binding were observed among all three techniques, suggesting that tertiary conformation is a major factor in the allergenic determinants of venom allergens. igg antibodies from hyperimmunized animals and from specimens obtained from allergic patie ... | 2012 | 3305664 |
| [motor activity of the honey bee apis mellifera during electric stimulation of the supraesophageal ganglion]. | | 2014 | 4668878 |
| allergy and cancer: organ site-specific results from the adventist health study. | the relation between allergy and risk of cancer was evaluated in a cohort study of 34,198 seventh-day adventists in california. information on prevalence of asthma, hay fever, and reactions to chemicals, medications, bee stings, and poison oak (or ivy) was obtained by questionnaire in 1976. the reported allergies must have been serious enough to require treatment by a physician. the cohort was then followed for 6 years (1977-1982). both stratified analysis and cox proportional hazards regression ... | 1995 | 1415150 |
| whole body extract versus venom treatment in anaphylactic reactions to bee stings: the doctor's dilemma. | | 1990 | 267782 |
| [chemistry and pharmacology of bee venom (a review of the literature)]. | | 1981 | 350614 |
| flagellin glycosylation in paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051t. | flagellin glycosylation impacts, in several documented cases, the functionality of bacterial flagella. the basis of flagellin glycosylation has been studied for various gram-negative bacteria, but less is known about flagellin glycans of gram-positive bacteria including paenibacillus alvei, a secondary invader of honeybee colonies diseased with european foulbrood. paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051(t) swarms vigorously on solidified culture medium, with swarming relying on functional flagella as evide ... | 2016 | 26405108 |
| does propolis help to maintain oral health? | propolis, known also as bee glue, is a wax-cum-resin substance which is created out of a mix of buds from some trees with the substance secreted from bee's glands. its diverse chemical content is responsible for its many precious salubrious properties. it was used in medicine already in ancient egypt. its multiple applications during the centuries have been studied and described in details. the purpose of this study is to present the possible use of propolis in treatment of various diseases of o ... | 2013 | 23365605 |
| nutraceutical values of natural honey and its contribution to human health and wealth. | the use of natural honey (nh) as a nutraceutical agent is associated with nutritional benefits and therapeutic promises. nh is widely accepted as food and medicine by all generations, traditions and civilizations, both ancient and modern. the nutritional profiles, including its use in infant and children feeding reported in different literatures as well as health indices and biomarkers observed by various researchers are illustrated in this manuscript. the review documents folk medicine, experim ... | 2012 | 22716101 |
| identification and functional analysis of the s-layer protein spla of paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees. | the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of american foulbrood (afb), a globally occurring, deathly epizootic of honey bee brood. afb outbreaks are predominantly caused by two genotypes of p. larvae, eric i and eric ii, with p. larvae eric ii being the more virulent genotype on larval level. recently, comparative proteome analyses have revealed that p. larvae eric ii but not eric i might harbour a functional s-layer protein, named spla. we here det ... | 2012 | 22615573 |
| development of duplex pcr assay for detection and differentiation of typical and atypical melissococcus plutonius strains. | melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of an important honeybee disease, european foulbrood (efb). in addition to m. plutonius strains with typical characteristics (typical m. plutonius), we recently reported the presence of atypical m. plutonius, which are phenotypically and genetically distinguished from typical m. plutonius. because typical and atypical m. plutonius may have different pathogenic mechanisms, differentiation of these two types is very important for diagnosis and more ef ... | 2013 | 24334815 |
| nonmedical uses of antibiotics: time to restrict their use? | the global crisis of antibiotic resistance has reached a point where, if action is not taken, human medicine will enter a postantibiotic world and simple injuries could once again be life threatening. new antibiotics are needed urgently, but better use of existing agents is just as important. more appropriate use of antibiotics in medicine is vital, but the extensive use of antibiotics outside medical settings is often overlooked. antibiotics are commonly used in animal husbandry, bee-keeping, f ... | 2015 | 26444324 |
| evolution of host specialization in gut microbes: the bee gut as a model. | bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often give up generalist lifestyles to specialize to particular hosts. the eusocial honey bees and bumble bees harbor two such specialized gut symbionts, snodgrassella alvi and gilliamella apicola. not only are these microorganisms specific to bees, but different strains of these bacteria tend to assort according to host species. by using in-vivo microbial transplant experiments, we show that the observed specificity is, at least in part, due to evolved physiolo ... | 2015 | 26011669 |
| multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis: a molecular genotyping tool for paenibacillus larvae. | american foulbrood, caused by paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease of honey bees (apis mellifera). to perform genotyping of p. larvae in an epidemiological context, there is a need of a fast and cheap method with a high resolution. here, we propose multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva). mlva has been used for typing a collection of 209 p. larvae strains from which 23 different mlva types could be identified. moreover, the developed methodology not ... | 2016 | 27365124 |
| plant origin of green propolis: bee behavior, plant anatomy and chemistry. | propolis, a honeybee product, has gained popularity as a food and alternative medicine. its constituents have been shown to exert pharmacological effects, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. shoot apices of baccharis dracunculifolia (alecrim plant, asteraceae) have been pointed out as sources of resin for green propolis. the present work aimed (i) to observe the collecting behavior of bees, (ii) to test the efficacy of histological analysis in studies of propolis botanical ... | 2005 | 15841282 |
| influence of the yjil-mdtm gene cluster on the antibacterial activity of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides overcoming escherichia coli resistance induced by the missing sbma transporter system. | in view of increasing health threats from multiresistant pathogens, antimicrobial peptides (amps) and, specifically, proline-rich amps (pramps) have been investigated in animal models. pramps enter bacteria via the abc transporter sbma and inhibit intracellular targets. we used phage transduction (tn10 insertion) to screen by random mutagenesis for alternative uptake mechanisms for analogs of apidaecin 1b, a honeybee-derived pramp. all 24 apidaecin-resistant mutants had the tn10 insertion in the ... | 2015 | 26169420 |
| paenibacillus larvae-directed bacteriophage hb10c2 and its application in american foulbrood-affected honey bee larvae. | paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of american foulbrood (afb), the most serious honey bee brood bacterial disease. we isolated and characterized p. larvae-directed bacteriophages and developed criteria for safe phage therapy. whole-genome analysis of a highly lytic virus of the family siphoviridae (hb10c2) provided a detailed safety profile and uncovered its lysogenic nature and a putative beta-lactamase-like protein. to rate its antagonistic activity against the pathogens targeted and ... | 2015 | 26048941 |
| a search for protein biomarkers links olfactory signal transduction to social immunity. | the western honey bee (apis mellifera l.) is a critical component of human agriculture through its pollination activities. for years, beekeepers have controlled deadly pathogens such as paenibacillus larvae, nosema spp. and varroa destructor with antibiotics and pesticides but widespread chemical resistance is appearing and most beekeepers would prefer to eliminate or reduce the use of in-hive chemicals. while such treatments are likely to still be needed, an alternate management strategy is to ... | 2015 | 25757461 |
| expression of a secretory α-glucosidase ii from apis cerana indica in pichia pastoris and its characterization. | α-glucosidase (hbgase) plays a key role in hydrolyzing α-glucosidic linkages. in apis mellifera, three isoforms of hbgase (i, ii and iii) have been reported, which differ in their nucleotide composition, encoding amino acid sequences and enzyme kinetics. recombinant (r)hbgase ii from a. cerana indica (racihbgase ii) was focused upon here due to the fact it is a native and economic honeybee species in thailand. the data is compared to the two other isoforms, acihbgase i and iii from the same bee ... | 2013 | 23419073 |
| characteristics of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) rrna genes of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera): structure, organization, and retrotransposable elements. | as an accompanying manuscript to the release of the honey bee genome, we report the entire sequence of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene sequences (rdna) and related internally and externally transcribed spacer regions of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera: apocrita). additionally, we predict secondary structures for the mature rrna molecules based on comparative sequence analyses with other arthropod taxa and reference to re ... | 2006 | 17069639 |
| diverse microbiota identified in whole intact nest chambers of the red mason bee osmia bicornis (linnaeus 1758). | microbial activity is known to have profound impact on bee ecology and physiology, both by beneficial and pathogenic effects. most information about such associations is available for colony-building organisms, and especially the honey bee. there, active manipulations through worker bees result in a restricted diversity of microbes present within the colony environment. microbial diversity in solitary bee nests remains unstudied, although their larvae face a very different situation compared wit ... | 2013 | 24205188 |
| review of the medicinal effects of tualang honey and a comparison with manuka honey. | tualang honey (th) is a malaysian multifloral jungle honey. in recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies published in medical databases regarding its potential health benefits. the honey is produced by the rock bee (apis dorsata), which builds hives on branches of tall tualang trees located mainly in the north-western region of peninsular malaysia. this review collates the results of the various studies of th that range from research on tissue culture to randomised ... | 2013 | 23966819 |
| allergy associations with the adult fecal microbiota: analysis of the american gut project. | alteration of the gut microbial population (dysbiosis) may increase the risk for allergies and other conditions. this study sought to clarify the relationship of dysbiosis with allergies in adults. | 2015 | 26870828 |
| genomics and host specialization of honey bee and bumble bee gut symbionts. | gilliamella apicola and snodgrassella alvi are dominant members of the honey bee (apis spp.) and bumble bee (bombus spp.) gut microbiota. we generated complete genomes of the type strains g. apicola wkb1(t) and s. alvi wkb2(t) (isolated from apis), as well as draft genomes for four other strains from bombus. g. apicola and s. alvi were found to occupy very different metabolic niches: the former is a saccharolytic fermenter, whereas the latter is an oxidizer of carboxylic acids. together, they ma ... | 2014 | 25053814 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of some lactic acid bacteria isolated from bee pollen: a preliminary study. | in the present work, five hundred and sixty-seven isolates of lactic acid bacteria were recovered from raw bee pollen grains. all isolates were screened for their antagonistic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. neutralized supernatants of 54 lactic acid bacteria (lab) cultures from 216 active isolates inhibited the growth of indicator bacteria. they were phenotypically characterized, based on the fermentation of 39 carbohydrates. using the simple matching ... | 2014 | 24936378 |
| bumble bee parasite strains vary in resistance to phytochemicals. | nectar and pollen contain diverse phytochemicals that can reduce disease in pollinators. however, prior studies showed variable effects of nectar chemicals on infection, which could reflect variable phytochemical resistance among parasite strains. inter-strain variation in resistance could influence evolutionary interactions between plants, pollinators, and pollinator disease, but testing direct effects of phytochemicals on parasites requires elimination of variation between bees. using cell cul ... | 2016 | 27883009 |
| microbial communities of three sympatric australian stingless bee species. | bacterial symbionts of insects have received increasing attention due to their prominent role in nutrient acquisition and defense. in social bees, symbiotic bacteria can maintain colony homeostasis and fitness, and the loss or alteration of the bacterial community may be associated with the ongoing bee decline observed worldwide. however, analyses of microbiota associated with bees have been largely confined to the social honeybees (apis mellifera) and bumblebees (bombus spec.), revealing--among ... | 2014 | 25148082 |
| testing pollen of single and stacked insect-resistant bt-maize on in vitro reared honey bee larvae. | the ecologically and economic important honey bee (apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (era) of genetically modified (gm) crops. honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of gm pollen. but most era studies only consider responses of adult bees, although bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. we adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of b ... | 2011 | 22194811 |
| breeding system in a population of trigonella balansae (leguminosae). | although some taxonomic studies in the genus trigonella have been conducted, there has been no concerted effort to study the breeding system. this paper examines the floral structure and pollination system in a population of t. balansae, an annual pasture legume. | 2004 | 15489252 |
| detoxification and stress response genes expressed in a western north american bumble bee, bombus huntii (hymenoptera: apidae). | the hunt bumble bee (bombus huntii greene, hymenoptera: apidae) is a holometabolous, social insect important as a pollinator in natural and agricultural ecosystems in western north america. bumble bees spend a significant amount of time foraging on a wide variety of flowering plants, and this activity exposes them to both plant toxins and pesticides, posing a threat to individual and colony survival. little is known about what detoxification pathways are active in bumble bees, how the expression ... | 2013 | 24330608 |
| acetic acid bacteria genomes reveal functional traits for adaptation to life in insect guts. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) live in sugar rich environments, including food matrices, plant tissues, and the gut of sugar-feeding insects. by comparing the newly sequenced genomes of asaia platycodi and saccharibacter sp., symbionts of anopheles stephensi and apis mellifera, respectively, with those of 14 other aab, we provide a genomic view of the evolutionary pattern of this bacterial group and clues on traits that explain the success of aab as insect symbionts. a specific pre-adaptive trait, c ... | 2014 | 24682158 |
| partial venom gland transcriptome of a drosophila parasitoid wasp, leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging hymenoptera. | analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutionary forces that shape the delicate and unique specificity characteristic of such interactions. the accessory long gland-reservoir complex of the wasp leptopilina heterotoma (figitidae) produces venom with virus-like particles. upon delivery, venom components delay host larval development and completely block host immune responses. the host range of this drosophila endoparasitoid notably includes the highly-studied model organis ... | 2013 | 23688557 |
| whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius. | the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ... | 2016 | 27851750 |
| nosema tolerant honeybees (apis mellifera) escape parasitic manipulation of apoptosis. | apoptosis is not only pivotal for development, but also for pathogen defence in multicellular organisms. although numerous intracellular pathogens are known to interfere with the host's apoptotic machinery to overcome this defence, its importance for host-parasite coevolution has been neglected. we conducted three inoculation experiments to investigate in the apoptotic respond during infection with the intracellular gut pathogen nosema ceranae, which is considered as potential global threat to t ... | 2015 | 26445372 |
| chemical composition and disruption of quorum sensing signaling in geographically diverse united states propolis. | propolis or bee glue has been used for centuries for various purposes and is especially important in human health due to many of its biological and pharmacological properties. in this work we showed quorum sensing inhibitory (qsi) activity of ten geographically distinct propolis samples from the united states using the acyl-homoserine lactone- (ahl-) dependent chromobacterium violaceum strain cv026. based on gc-ms chemical profiling the propolis samples can be classified into several groups that ... | 2015 | 25960752 |
| bee venom (apis mellifera) an effective potential alternative to gentamicin for specific bacteria strains: bee venom an effective potential for bacteria. | mellitine, a major component of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera), is more active against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. moreover, bv has been reported to have multiple effects, including antibacterial, antivirus, and anti-inflammation effects, in various types of cells. in addition, wasp venom has been reported to have antibacterial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bv against selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains of me ... | 2016 | 27695631 |
| shifts in the midgut/pyloric microbiota composition within a honey bee apiary throughout a season. | honey bees (apis mellifera) are prominent crop pollinators and are, thus, important for effective food production. the honey bee gut microbiota is mainly host specific, with only a few species being shared with other insects. it currently remains unclear how environmental/dietary conditions affect the microbiota within a honey bee population over time. therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the composition of the midgut/pyloric microbiota of a honey bee apiary throughout a s ... | 2015 | 26330094 |
| endosymbiotic bacteria in honey bees: arsenophonus spp. are not transmitted transovarially. | intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria are common and can play a crucial role for insect pathology. therefore, such bacteria could be a potential key to our understanding of major losses of western honey bees (apis mellifera) colonies. however, the transmission and potential effects of endosymbiotic bacteria in a. mellifera and other apis spp. are poorly understood. here, we explore the prevalence and transmission of the genera arsenophonus, wolbachia, spiroplasma and rickettsia in apis spp. colon ... | 2016 | 27279628 |
| honey bees avoid nectar colonized by three bacterial species, but not by a yeast species, isolated from the bee gut. | the gut microflora of the honey bee, apis mellifera, is receiving increasing attention as a potential determinant of the bees' health and their efficacy as pollinators. studies have focused primarily on the microbial taxa that appear numerically dominant in the bee gut, with the assumption that the dominant status suggests their potential importance to the bees' health. however, numerically minor taxa might also influence the bees' efficacy as pollinators, particularly if they are not only prese ... | 2014 | 24466119 |
| antibiotic, pesticide, and microbial contaminants of honey: human health hazards. | agricultural contamination with pesticides and antibiotics is a challenging problem that needs to be fully addressed. bee products, such as honey, are widely consumed as food and medicine and their contamination may carry serious health hazards. honey and other bee products are polluted by pesticides, heavy metals, bacteria and radioactive materials. pesticide residues cause genetic mutations and cellular degradation and presence of antibiotics might increase resistant human or animal's pathogen ... | 2012 | 23097637 |