| bio-environmental control of malaria in a tribal area of mandla district, madhya pradesh, india. | bizadandi block of district mandla was selected for demonstration of bio-environmental control of malaria. the project presently covers 80 experimental villages and 12 control villages. in this area, because of indifferent surveillance and spraying in the past (from 1978-86) the api was reported low and the parasite reservoir in the community had built up over the years. at the outset of the study the malaria prevalence was high with preponderance of p. falciparum. densities of a. culicifacies w ... | 1989 | 2571525 |
| lack of efficacy of pyrimethamine prophylaxis in pregnant nigerian women. | to evaluate the efficacy of pyrimethamine on the blood stage (suppressive prophylaxis) and liver stage (causal prophylaxis) of plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women, in vivo and in vitro field studies were conducted in ilorin, nigeria, from jan 1 to june 30, 1988. for pregnant women with p falciparum infections who received 25 mg of pyrimethamine weekly for suppressive prophylaxis, 67% (59/88) of in vivo and 60% (6/10) of in vitro tests showed pyrimethamine resistance. a second group of parasi ... | 1989 | 2571759 |
| prevention of malaria in travellers: a growing problem. | | 1989 | 2572314 |
| interactions of cd4+ and cd8+ human t lymphocytes from malaria-unprimed donors with plasmodium falciparum schizont stage. | during plasmodium falciparum malaria, a wide spectrum of parasite-encoded blood-stage proteins is presented to the immune system of the host. to explore their multiple interactions with t cells from donors who have had no previous exposure to the parasite, whole schizont extract was used in vitro. both cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocytes from all individuals tested were stimulated to proliferate. the responses were dependent on the presence of accessory cells and were only partially replaced by recombinan ... | 1989 | 2572603 |
| desipramine and cyproheptadine for reversal of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2573800 |
| open comparison of intramuscular chloroquine and quinine in children with severe chloroquine-sensitive falciparum malaria. | an open paired randomised comparison of intramuscular chloroquine (3.5 mg base/kg every 6 h) and intramuscular quinine (20 mg salt/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h) was carried out in 50 gambian children with severe falciparum malaria. 8 children died, 6 from the quinine-treated and 2 from the chloroquine-treated group. chloroquine reduced parasitaemia significantly more rapidly than did quinine, but other measures of the therapeutic response were similar in the two groups. quinine injections ... | 1989 | 2574262 |
| postoperative pyrexia, atropine, and malaria. | | 1989 | 2574276 |
| some observations on the mosquitoes of indian settlements in xingu national park, mato grosso state, brazil, with emphasis on malaria vectors. | a mosquito survey was carried out in malarious indian settlements in the xingu national park, brazil, by the end of the rainy season--march, 1987, when 27 species were collected. an. darlingi, the most frequent an anthropophilic mosquito, was found infected with p. falciparum and seems to be the principal malaria vector in the area. the other anophelinae and culicinae were little frequent or scarce. the local fauna includes vectors of yellow fever and of several other arbovirus. | 1989 | 2575265 |
| immunological alterations in uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. relationship between parasitaemia and indicators of macrophage activation. | numerical alterations of circulating lymphocytes were investigated in 37 brazilian patients with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria and in a group of 15 healthy controls. the number of cd4+ t helper/inducer cells was significantly lower in patients than controls, whereas absolute numbers of cd8+ suppressor/cytotoxic t cells did not differ between the groups. tnf and neopterin levels were markedly increased in the plasma of patients and remained slightly elevated after chemotherapy with ... | 1989 | 2575870 |
| current studies related to the development of transmission-blocking malaria vaccines: a review. | transmission-blocking malaria vaccines are expected to induce an immune response which, acting in the mosquito, will prevent its infection. it is generally considered that antigametocyte antibody is one factor in this effect, but there is also evidence that phagocytes and lymphocytes may contribute to blocking mosquito infection. transmission-blocking immunity develops naturally. antibody capable of interfering with infection of mosquitoes was shown to persist for 4 months after parasitaemia dis ... | 1989 | 2576163 |
| polymorphism of a high molecular weight schizont antigen of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | intraspecies antigenic diversity in the blood stages of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum was investigated using a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies and clones of the parasite. the results were as follows: (a) the schizont and merozoite stages of the parasite express on their surface clonally restricted antigens detectable by strain-specific antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence tests. (b) these restricted antigens are phenotypically stable characteristics of clones g ... | 1985 | 2578540 |
| x-ray sensitivity and dna synthesis in synchronous culture of plasmodium falciparum. | the relationship between parasite development and sensitivity to irradiation with x-rays was investigated during a single synchronous cycle of plasmodium falciparum in culture. the sensitivity of the parasites to irradiation was closely correlated with the phases of dna synthesis. their sensitivity was greatest at the ring stage in development, but decreased at the trophozoite stage when dna synthesis begins. lowest sensitivity was found when dna synthesis was most rapid as the parasites were tr ... | 1985 | 2581389 |
| ornithine decarboxylase inhibition and the malaria-infected red cell: a model for polyamine metabolism and growth. | the addition of dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, to human plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells in continuous culture decreased both parasite growth and intracellular polyamine concentrations. growth of p. falciparum in infected red cells was assessed by parasite counts and by assays for macromolecular syntheses of protein, dna and rna. polyamine concentrations were measured by an automated high-performance liquid chromatography method. c ... | 1985 | 2582110 |
| the gene for an exported antigen of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. | an exported protein of the erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, has epitope(s) in common with the surface of the sporozoite stage (1). two cdna clones encoding this protein, ag5.1, have now been isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. the coding sequence contains a region with strong homology to that of the circumsporozoite protein of p. falciparum. other features of the sequence can be explained in terms of the observed behaviour of the protein in the parasite ... | 1985 | 2582354 |
| synthesis of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles by the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. | sera from patients with autoimmune diseases have been used to identify small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snrnps) present in higher eukaryotic cells and also in dinoflagellates. previously these sera have not detected crossreactive snrnp protein antigens of other lower eukaryotes such as yeast, tetrahymena, or dictyostelium. we report that anti-sm, anti-u1-rnp, and anti-la/ss-b human antisera react with specific snrnp protein antigens synthesized by the protozoan plasmodium falciparum, t ... | 1985 | 2582421 |
| review of 40 children with imported malaria. | forty cases of imported malaria (1978 to 1988) are reviewed and management principles are discussed. all 15 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria were acquired in africa, 5 of which were probably chloroquine-resistant. most cases of plasmodium vivax (80%) were acquired on the indian subcontinent, including 2 cases of congenital malaria. six children developed p. falciparum malaria despite chemoprophylaxis. all children had a history of fever, usually with other influenza-like symptoms. two-thir ... | 1989 | 2594448 |
| studies on route of immunization with a mixture of killed parasites and adjuvants against babesia rodhaini infection in mice. | a series of experiments were undertaken to determine the most effective route of immunization with a mixture of killed babesia rodhaini antigen (s antigen) and formalin-fixed corynebacterium parvum (propionibacterium acnes) bacterin (cpb) against challenge infection with b. rodhaini 3 weeks later. the mice pretreated with s antigen and cpb mixture intraperitoneally, but not intramuscularly, were significantly resistant to intraperitoneal (ip) or intravenous (iv) challenge with 10(6) organisms. t ... | 1989 | 2601229 |
| effect of corynebacterium parvum bacterin on artificial immunity against babesia rodhaini infection in mice. | | 1989 | 2601237 |
| tetracyclines as antiparasitic agents: lipophilic derivatives are highly active against giardia lamblia in vitro. | comparisons of the inhibitory activities of different tetracyclines have been reported for plasmodium falciparum but no other parasites. the in vitro response of the intestinal parasite giardia lamblia to six tetracyclines in current use was determined. in addition, the experimental drug thiacycline (emd 33,330) was evaluated. three groups were discerned, with representative 50 and 90% inhibitory concentrations of, respectively, 36 and 130 (tetracycline), 6.4 and 22 (doxycycline), and 1.8 and 3. ... | 1989 | 2619281 |
| malaria & other common ailments among upper bonda tribals in koraput district, orissa. | a malariometric survey carried out among the upper bonda tribals of koraput district showed that malaria is the major cause of morbidity followed by worm infestation and malnutrition. a total of individuals 1,409 (32.2% of the population) were sampled and 771 were found positive for malaria parasites. plasmodium falciparum was the predominant parasite (73.7%) followed by p. vivax (10.6%) and p. malariae (5.2%) among the positive cases. mixed infection was observed in 10.5 per cent of positive in ... | 1989 | 2628297 |
| [imported malaria in italy: retrospective analysis from 1960 and update for 1986-1988]. | the trend of imported malaria cases in italy from 1960 to 1988 is discussed. comparative analysis of its incidence in the last three years is also presented. since 1985, a rapid increase has been recorded with 191 cases in 1986, 287 in 1987 and 350 in 1988. in 1986-88 plasmodium falciparum has been responsible for 74% of the total number, followed by p. vivax (21%), p. malariae (2%) and p. ovale (1%). 86% of the imported cases have been acquired in african countries, 8% in asia and 3% in south a ... | 1989 | 2631630 |
| chemotherapeutic malaria control operation by single dose of fansidar plus primaquine in north sumatra, indonesia. | selective age group treatment and village scale chemotherapeutic malaria control operation were carried out in east-coast villages in north sumatra, indonesia in 1987/1988. a single dose of fansidar plus primaquine was adopted as the drug regimen to cut the transmission of malaria at the gametocyte stage. after the treatment on day seven, the gametocyte positive rate was reduced to only 2.7% in 72 plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. a significant reduction of p. falciparum prevalence in t ... | 1989 | 2633346 |
| c-reactive protein protects against preerythrocytic stages of malaria. | we previously reported that low doses of interleukin-1 strongly inhibited in vitro development of the hepatic stages of plasmodium falciparum and p. yoelii. among several hypotheses, we considered the role of c-reactive protein (crp), a major acute-phase reactant whose concentration increases markedly in infectious disorders. we demonstrated that human hepatocytes cultured in the presence of interleukin-1 released, as early as 30 min after stimulation, an increased amount of crp. we then establi ... | 1989 | 2642467 |
| biochemical evidence of muscle injury in african children with severe malaria. | | 1989 | 2642520 |
| restricted or absent immune responses in human populations to plasmodium falciparum gamete antigens that are targets of malaria transmission-blocking antibodies. | we have studied the antibodies to sexual stage antigens of plasmodium falciparum in human sera from papua new guinea where intense transmission of p. falciparum occurs as well as the less prevalent p. malariae and p. vivax. in extracts of gametes of p. falciparum we have studied the reactivity of serum antibodies with antigens labeled with 125i on the surface of the gametes as well as intracellular gamete antigens. a prominent 27-kd sexual stage-specific intracellular protein was recognized more ... | 1989 | 2642527 |
| febrile temperatures can synchronize the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | to investigate the possibility that the host fever response in malaria may affect parasite development, we studied the effect of temperature on plasmodium falciparum in erythrocytic culture in vitro. growth was markedly suppressed at 40 degrees c compared with 37 degrees c, due to disruption of the second half of the 48-h erythrocytic cycle. however, young intraerythrocytic parasites, which are highly exposed to fever during natural infection, appeared to develop normally at 40 degrees c. becaus ... | 1989 | 2642531 |
| amine peroxides as potential antimalarials. | six model amine peroxides (4-9) were synthesized as targeted antimalarial oxidants. they were approximately 1 order of magnitude more potent than tert-butyl hydroperoxide (3) in vitro against plasmodium falciparum, but like 3, they were inactive in vivo against plasmodium berghei. | 1989 | 2642554 |
| characterization of a modified red cell membrane protein expressed on erythrocytes infected with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum: possible role as a cytoadherent mediating protein. | infections with the human malaria plasmodium falciparum are characterized by the retention of parasitized erythrocytes in tissue capillaries and venules. erythrocytes containing trophozoites and schizonts attach to the endothelial cells that line these vessels by means of structurally identifiable excrescences present on the surface of the infected cell. such excrescences, commonly called knobs, are visible by means of scanning or transmission electron microscopy. the biochemical mechanisms resp ... | 1989 | 2642911 |
| minimal variation in a vaccine candidate from the sexual stage of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2643034 |
| 46-53 kilodalton glycoprotein from the surface of plasmodium falciparum merozoites. | a 46-53 kda glycoprotein antigen of plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been identified using a murine monoclonal antibody that inhibits infection of human erythrocytes in vitro. immunofluorescence screening with the antibody of greater than 250 isolates of the parasite finds the inhibitory epitope expressed by only 18% of strains. the glycoprotein is metabolically labelled with methionine, cysteine, histidine and glucosamine but incorporates little lysine or leucine. it is synthesized early in ... | 1989 | 2643035 |
| de novo and salvage biosynthesis of pteroylpentaglutamates in the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum was shown to synthesize pteroylpolyglutamate de novo from guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gtp), p-aminobenzoate (paba), and l-glutamate (l-glu). the parasite also had the capacity to synthesize pteroylpolyglutamate from both intact and degradation moieties (p-aminobenzoylglutamate and pterin-aldehyde) of exogenous folate added into the growth medium. the major product was identified as 5-methyl-tetrahydroteroylpentaglutamate following exposure to pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase a ... | 1989 | 2643036 |
| decreased sensitivity of artesunate and chloroquine of plasmodium falciparum infecting hemoglobin h and/or hemoglobin constant spring erythrocytes. | plasmodium falciparum infecting hemoglobin (hb) h and/or hb constant spring erythrocytes in vitro was relatively more resistant than that infecting normal erythrocytes to artesunate and chloroquine, while the sensitivity to pyrimethamine was unchanged. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50) for artesunate in hbh (alpha-thal 1/alpha-thal 2), hbh (alpha-thal 1/hb constant spring), and homozygous hb constant spring erythrocytes were 4.5 +/- 2.8, 8.5 +/- 3.2, and 2.6 +/- 1.6 nm compared with 0.82 ... | 1989 | 2643631 |
| the great malaria problem: where is the light at the end of the tunnel? | | 1989 | 2644357 |
| malaria--an overview. | the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, management, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of malaria are reviewed. | 1989 | 2644358 |
| the effect of iron therapy on malarial infection in papua new guinean schoolchildren. | the effect of iron therapy on malarial infection was investigated in papua new guinea, where malaria is endemic. prepubescent schoolchildren with hemoglobin levels of 8-12 g/dl were randomly assigned to receive either 200 mg ferrous sulfate or a placebo twice daily for 16 weeks. iron status and malarial infection were assessed at baseline, after 6 and 16 weeks of therapy, and 8 weeks after therapy was discontinued. iron status was significantly improved by the treatment. the treatment did not si ... | 1989 | 2644855 |
| comparison of thick films, in vitro culture and dna hybridization probes for detecting plasmodium falciparum malaria. | using blood from volunteers with sporozoite induced malaria, a comparison was made of the sensitivity and specificity of giemsa stained thick film examination, in vitro culture, and 4 different dna probes for detecting parasitemia. between 9 and 13 days after sporozoite inoculation, patent parasitemia (4-550 parasites/microliters) was detected by thick film examination of 0.5 microliters blood in 7 volunteers. cultures of 1 ml blood obtained 7 days after sporozoite inoculation were positive in a ... | 1989 | 2644856 |
| a comparison of the in vitro activities of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine against isolates of plasmodium falciparum. | the antimalarial activities of amodiaquine, the desethyl metabolite of amodiaquine, chloroquine, and mefloquine were evaluated against 35 field isolates of plasmodium falciparum collected from eastern thailand, october-december 1985, to define patterns of cross-resistance among these compounds. the assay system was based on the in vitro inhibition of schizont maturation. the parasites were generally sensitive to mefloquine (mean 50%-inhibitory concentrations = 9.98 nm) and highly resistant to ch ... | 1989 | 2644858 |
| it's not a viral syndrome, it's malaria. | a 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a seven-day history of fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pruritic rash. he was not diagnosed as having malaria until a history was obtained of plasmodium falciparum malaria two years previous to this admission, and a review of the peripheral blood smear confirmed the diagnosis. the patient was admitted for inpatient therapy. he responded well and was discharged on the fourth hospital day to complete the remainder of the therapy as an outpa ... | 1989 | 2644881 |
| diferric transferrin reductase in plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | diferric transferrin reductase, assayed by formation of ferrous - bathophenanthroline, is detectable in the plasmamembrane of intact mature erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. the absence of this transmembrane redox system in uninfected mature erythrocytes suggests its synthesis and incorporation by the intraerythrocytic parasite. the presence of diferric transferrin reductase, together with parasite-derived transferrin-receptor in the erythrocyte membrane, suggests a transferrin r ... | 1989 | 2644931 |
| chromosomal polymorphisms and gene expression in plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2645162 |
| movement of a falciparum malaria protein through the erythrocyte cytoplasm to the erythrocyte membrane is associated with lysis of the erythrocyte and release of gametes. | erythrocytes containing mature gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum circulate in the blood until they are ingested by a mosquito, an event that triggers gametogenesis and lysis of the infected erythrocyte. it was previously shown that a parasite protein (pf155/resa) accumulates in the erythrocyte cytoplasm next to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (s. uni, a. masuda, m. j. stewart, r. nussenzweig, and m. aikawa, am. j. trop. med. hyg., 36:481-488, 1987). using a monoclonal antibody to pf155/ ... | 1989 | 2645212 |
| premature release of plasmodium falciparum from swollen erythrocytes induced by some antimalarials. | qinghaosu and chloroquine, but not pyrimethamine, treatment of plasmodium falciparum cultures resulted in the formation of swollen red blood cells (rbcs) and the expulsion of degenerate trophozoites and schizonts, but not ring-stage parasites, from the infected rbcs. the parasite release resulted in the formation of rbcs with holes, that had otherwise retained their structural integrity. membranes of swollen rbcs and their ghosts associated with parasites were efficiently visualized by giemsa st ... | 1989 | 2645392 |
| uninfected erythrocytes form "rosettes" around plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. | the human malaria parasite, p. falciparum, exhibits cytoadherence properties whereby infected erythrocytes containing mature parasite stages bind to endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. another property of cytoadherence, "rosetting," or the binding of uninfected erythrocytes around an infected erythrocyte, has been demonstrated with a simian malaria parasite p. fragile which is sequestered in vivo in its natural host, macaca sinica. in the present study we demonstrate that rosetting occu ... | 1989 | 2645800 |
| studies of the receptors on melanoma cells for plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. | we investigated whether thrombospondin plays a role in the binding of plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes to c32 melanoma cells. twelve patient isolates bound variably to melanoma cells, with good correlation between the degree of binding to cells and binding to thrombospondin. with a synchronous preparation of asexual parasites, acquisition of the capacity to bind to thrombospondin occurred at the same parasite stage as binding to melanoma cells. development of parasites to trophozoi ... | 1989 | 2645801 |
| estimate of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite content of anopheles stephensi used to challenge human volunteers. | plasmodium falciparum infected anopheles stephensi, taken from a group of mosquitoes which had been used to challenge recipients of (nanp)3-tt vaccine, were tested for p. falciparum sporozoite content by an immunoradiometric assay. seventy-six percent were infected with mean and median sporozoite equivalents per mosquito of 220,994 and 217,398, respectively (sd = 54,911). this sporozoite density is greater than that usually found in the field. these data suggest that this challenge for evaluatin ... | 1989 | 2645802 |
| [antigenic diversity of plasmodium falciparum and serodiagnosis of tropical malaria]. | the importance of antigenic diversity in immunogenicity of population of p. falciparum was studied in regard of immunodiagnosis of tropical malaria. the sera from 42 adult non-immune persons with confirmed infection by p. falciparum and from 30 persons from africa with confirmed infection by p. falciparum were examined with three antigens differing in geographic origin. antigen a2 gambia, m94 thailand, fcq2 papua new guinea were checked. the following results were obtained: 1) in the quantity of ... | 1989 | 2646029 |
| sequence and length polymorphism of a major malaria vaccine candidate analysed following dna amplification. | | 1989 | 2646601 |
| selective antimalarial activity of tetrandrine against chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum. | antimalarial activity of tetrandrine was studied using a continuous in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum. experimental results showed that tetrandrine has potent antimalarial effect on both chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum. interestingly, tetrandrine is about three times more potent against the chloroquine resistant strain than it is against the sensitive strain based on their ic50 values, which were 5.09 x 10(-7) m for the sensitive strain and 1.51 x 10( ... | 1989 | 2647081 |
| malaria vaccines: results of human trials and directions of current research. | recent human trials of candidate vaccines against the sporozoite and asexual blood stages of the malaria parasite have produced encouraging evidence that synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins can stimulate an antibody response and provide at least limited protection from malaria infection. current research is focused on the continued evaluation of asexual blood stage antigens and on the improvement of the immunogenicity of candidate antigens through stimulation of more effective cellular a ... | 1989 | 2647511 |
| identification of plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes using a probe containing repetitive dna. | a cloned repetitive dna sequence (rep20) was evaluated as a diagnostic probe specific for plasmodium falciparum sporozoites using experimentally infected mosquitoes squashed directly on nylon filters. head/thorax portions of mosquitoes, killed 14-16 days after ingesting p. falciparum-infected blood, gave positive signals when examined for the presence of p. falciparum sporozoite dna by hybridisation. this correlated with the number of oocysts found in a sample of the same batch of mosquitoes exa ... | 1989 | 2648141 |
| a general approach to isolating plasmodium falciparum genes using non-redundant oligonucleotides inferred from protein sequences of other organisms. | we have constructed a number of oligonucleotide probes and tested their utility in identifying various genes in plasmodium falciparum. the probe sequences were based on known conserved regions of proteins from other organisms, coupled with an analysis of the codon usage of the parasite. by using long single oligonucleotides, we have successfully isolated the dhfr-ts gene, two actin genes and two tubulin genes from the k1 (thailand) isolate of p. falciparum. we compare these single probes to mult ... | 1989 | 2648142 |
| subtelomeric chromosome deletions in field isolates of plasmodium falciparum and their relationship to loss of cytoadherence in vitro. | subtelomeric deletions are responsible for the loss of expression of several plasmodium falciparum antigens, including the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (kahrp). such deletions are detectable by two-dimensional pulsed-field gradient electrophoresis (pfge) in which the chromosomes separated in dimension 1 are cleaved with apa i, and the sizes of telomeric fragments are determined in dimension 2. this sensitive technique has enabled us to examine the role of subtelomeric deletions in two ... | 1989 | 2648403 |
| stage specific actions of antimalarial drugs on plasmodium falciparum in culture. | chemicals with antimalarial effects show different patterns against ring stages, trophozoites, and schizonts of plasmodium falciparum in culture. amodiaquine, mefloquine, quinine, quinacrine, primaquine, qinghaosu, halofantrine, rifampin, antimycin a1, cycloheximide, and actinomycin d were preferentially toxic to the mature stages. ammonium chloride killed ring stages faster than mature forms, while tetracycline, clindamycin, and halofuginone acted with equal speed on all 3 stages. | 1989 | 2648881 |
| anopheles sergenti (theobald) a potential malaria vector in egypt. | two immunoassays for malaria sporozoite detection and identification, the immunoradiometric assay (irma) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the species-specific monoclonal antibodies are routinely performed in our laboratory. we analyzed (573) anopheline mosquitoes of a. sergenti (463), a. pharoensis (81) and a. multicolor (29) collected from siwa-oases and faiyum governorate (two known active malaria foci in egypt), for detection of p. falciparum and p. vivax sporozoites. p ... | 1989 | 2648934 |
| effects of lysosomotropic detergents on the human malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum in in vitro culture. | various lysosomotropic detergents were tested in this work on in vitro cultures of plasmodium falciparum and are shown to be potent antimalarial agents. the order of antimalarial potency was similar to that of cell toxicity on mammalian cells in culture (miller dk et al., j cell biol 97, 1841-51 (1983]. the most efficient agents, n-dodecyl-imidazole (ndi) and n-dodecyl morpholine (ndm) displayed ic50 values of 6.7 +/- 0.7 microm and 23 +/- 5 microm. the mechanism of action of ndi measured at ic5 ... | 1989 | 2650686 |
| the presentation, management and prevention of crisis in sickle cell disease in africa. | about 120,000 infants are born each year with sickle cell disease (scd) in africa. the majority have hb ss, but hb sc and hb s/beta+ thalassaemia are common in west africa. the development of plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae is partially inhibited in the hb ss red cells, but malaria precipitates both haemolytic and infarctive crises, and is the commonest and most important cause of morbidity and mortality. the pneumococcus is likely to be the second major infectious cause of sickness and de ... | 1989 | 2650773 |
| the presentation, management and prophylaxis of sickle cell disease. | sickle cell disease (scd) is encountered in all parts of the world where plasmodium falciparum has been endemic and has spread by migration to the temperate countries of the world resulting in a heavy caseload in northern europe and the united states. these patients in the temperate climates manifest most of the clinical problems associated with scd in tropical africa and the west indies. there are, however, differences between the groups in both the frequency and presentations of the clinical s ... | 1989 | 2650774 |
| development of a blood culture medium and a standard in vitro microtest for field-testing the response of plasmodium falciparum to antifolate antimalarials. | the history of the development of the who standard in vitro microtest is summarized, and the rationale and methodology that were used to broaden the system for the testing of antifolate drugs such as sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (in addition to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine and amodiaquine) are explained. additional information is given concerning the composition of the basic and replenishment test kits and the means of procuring them. | 1989 | 2650902 |
| clindamycin treatment of falciparum malaria in brazil. | oral treatment with clindamycin (5 mg/kg twice a day, for five consecutive days) was studied in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in acre, brazil, an area with multiresistant plasmodium falciparum. parasitaemia ranged between 12 and 79560/microliters of blood admission. thirty-five out of 44 patients admitted to the study could be followed up for 28 days. only two patients showed parasitaemia six days after admission, and no asexual parasites were observed by day seven. twenty-eight ... | 1989 | 2651379 |
| malaria in egypt in view of a recent publication. | | 1989 | 2651539 |
| cytoadherence in human falciparum malaria as a cause of respiratory distress. | the ultrastructure of three cases of fatal human falciparum malaria was studied in order to identify the cytoadherence of the endothelial cells in relation to parasitized red blood cells and septal interstitial changes which could be related to respiratory distress. two cases showed marked endothelial oedema narrowing the capillary lumen with areas of adherence preferentially related to knobs, accompanied by septal interstitial oedema. one case showed no endothelial cells oedema, no knobs in par ... | 1989 | 2651687 |
| the response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine in bandar-abbas and minab areas, hormozgan province, southern iran. | in-vivo and macro and micro in-vitro assessments of the response of p. falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine were carried out in the malarious areas of bandar-abbas and minab, hormozgan province, southern iran, during 1986-1987. the susceptibility tests indicated a considerable resistance of p. falciparum to chloroquine in bandar-abbas but almost satisfactory sensitivity of the parasite to the drug in minab. a rather high number of the chloroquine-resistant cases were found among afghans and ... | 1989 | 2651689 |
| high level sequence homology between a plasmodium chabaudi heat shock protein gene and its plasmodium falciparum equivalent. | | 1989 | 2651910 |
| structure and expression of the plasmodium falciparum sera gene. | plasmodium falciparum, strain fcr3, genomic dna that encodes the sera gene of p. falciparum was isolated and sequenced. the sera gene coding region was interrupted by 3 introns, the largest number observed, so far, in any plasmodium gene. two sera gene alleles, allele i and allele ii, were identified in the fcr3 strain, while only allele i was found in the honduras-1 strain. allele i mrna was abundant in vivo during the late trophozoite and schizont stages. allele ii mrna was either not expresse ... | 1989 | 2651911 |
| a study of red cell membrane properties in relation to malarial invasion. | the shape and mechanical properties of human red cells were modified in several ways and the consequences for the efficiency of invasion by plasmodium falciparum in culture were investigated. inhibition of invasion by depletion of atp was shown to be unrelated to cell shape or deformability changes. treatment of cells with n-ethylmaleimide (nem), which dissociates some 70% of the native spectrin tetramers into the dimer, grossly reduced deformation of the cells under shear and increased by a fac ... | 1989 | 2651918 |
| polymorphism of a 35-48 kda plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen. | glycoproteins of the asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum were labelled with radioactive glucosamine and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. four major glycoproteins were detected in all eight parasite isolates studied. two of the glycoproteins, designated gp2 and gp4, were invariant among the isolates, while the other two gp1 and gp3 were found to be polymorphic in both their biochemical and antigenic properties. by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation with specific monoclon ... | 1989 | 2651919 |
| antimalarial action of nitrobenzylthioinosine in combination with purine nucleoside antimetabolites. | the infection of human erythrocytes by two strains of the human malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum (fcq-27 or the multi-drug-resistant strain k-1), markedly changed the transport characteristics of the nucleosides, adenosine and tubercidin, compared to uninfected erythrocytes. a component of the transport of these nucleosides was insensitive to the classical mammalian nucleoside transport inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine (nbmpr). in vitro studies with tubercidin demonstrated id50 values of ... | 1989 | 2651920 |
| mitochondria as the site of action of tetracycline on plasmodium falciparum. | rhodamine 123 (rh 123) was used as a fluorescent probe for the mitochondria of the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. on treatment with tetracycline in vitro, a marked decrease in the percentage of parasites with rh123 fluorescence in the mitochondria was observed in parallel with an increase in the percentage of parasites with abnormal morphology during onset of decrease in parasitemia. similar results were obtained, over a shorter time period, with 2,4-dinitrophenol. however, the percent ... | 1989 | 2651921 |
| use of chitinase to facilitate detection of protozoan, helminth and single copy genes in squashed whole mosquitoes. | the application of dna probes to detect foreign dna in whole arthropods has been limited by the inability of the probes to distinguish between small quantities of target dna and the background signal generated by non-specific hybridization of mosquito material. we report that treatment of nitrocellulose filters upon which mosquitoes have been squashed with chitinase and proteinase k eliminates non-specific hybridization of dna probes to mosquito components. using this technique we have been able ... | 1989 | 2651922 |
| the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the plasmodium falciparum (fcb1) merozoite surface antigens of 42 and 36 kilodalton, both derived from the 185-195-kilodalton precursor. | the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the 42- and 36-kda plasmodium falciparum (strain fcb1) merozoite surface polypeptides, both processing fragments from the 185-195-kda polymorphic glycoprotein, have been obtained. the n-terminus of the 42-kda fragment is located in the amino acid sequence of the precursor molecule at amino acid residue 1255 (numbering according to mackay, m., goman, m., bone, n., hyde, j.e., scaife, j., certa, u., stunnenberg, h. and bujard, h. (1985) embo j. 4, 3823-3829). ... | 1989 | 2651923 |
| furosemide and dopamine in malarial acute renal failure. | the effects of furosemide and furosemide with dopamine on renal function were studied in 23 patients with acute renal failure due to falciparum malaria whose serum creatinine ranged from 230 to 947 mumol/l. furosemide given intravenously at the dosage of 200 mg 6 hourly for a period of 4 days did not alter the clinical course of renal failure. intravenous administration of furosemide (200 mg 6 hourly) with dopamine (1 microgram/kg/min) for 4 days increased creatinine clearance and arrested the p ... | 1989 | 2651949 |
| effects of thalassaemic serum on the in vitro development of the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. | sera from thalassaemic individuals were experimentally tested for their suppressive effects on the in vitro development of asexual stages of plasmodium falciparum. cultures in sera collected from six patients who had classical haemoglobin h disease (alpha-thal1-alpha-thal2) and six patients who had haemoglobin h disease with haemoglobin (hb) constant spring (alpha-thal1-cs) showed a significantly higher degree of inhibition of parasite multiplication than cultures of thalassaemic erythrocytes in ... | 1989 | 2652138 |
| small area variation in prevalence of an s-antigen serotype of plasmodium falciparum in villages of madang, papua new guinea. | cross-sectional and longitudinal village-based studies of the transmission dynamics of an s-antigen serotype of the asexual erythrocyte stages of plasmodium falciparum have been carried out in madang, papua new guinea (png). sera collected from village residents were screened for circulating s-antigen of the fc27 serotype by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the prevalence of the fc27 s-antigen was found to vary between villages at a given point in time, as well as within a village over ... | 1989 | 2653060 |
| intravenous quinine therapy of hospitalized children with plasmodium falciparum malaria in kinshasa, zaire. | to examine the clinical and parasitologic efficacy of quinine, we studied 34 children (7 months-13 years old) with severe or moderately severe plasmodium falciparum infections. quinine 10 mg/kg every 8 hr for 3 days was administered, initially by intravenous infusion of quinine formate followed by oral quinine dihydrochloride when tolerated. thirty-three of the 34 patients were clinically well and had negative malaria smears 7 days after the initiation of therapy; 1 child, who presented in coma, ... | 1989 | 2653061 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for thymidylate synthase from the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | a rapid and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for thymidylate synthase activity is described. the assay is based on the separation of the substrate, deoxyuridylate (dump), and its product, deoxythymidylate (dtmp), on a lichrosorb rp-8 reversed-phase column with 44 mm triethylammonium phosphate (ph 7.0) as mobile phase and a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. in addition, using a mu bondapak c18 reversed-phase column with 10 mm potassium phosphate (ph 4.0) and a gradient of 0-2 ... | 1989 | 2654157 |
| [malaria, pregnancy and prophylaxis]. | we present two case histories. the first is a case of congenital malaria in a newborn whose laotian mother immigrated into france 2 years ago. the other is a case of very severe malaria with fetal death in a 28 year old woman who was 8 months pregnant and who had come back to france from gabon where she had lived for 2 years. the authors wish to draw attention to malaria brought into the country and how serious it can be, and suggest prophylactic measures to be applied for pregnant women and the ... | 1989 | 2654272 |
| reactivity of the human monoclonal antibody 33g2 with repeated sequences of three distinct plasmodium falciparum antigens. | the human mab 33g2 has high capacity to inhibit in vitro invasion of erythrocytes by plasmodium falciparum merozoites and, thus, is of special interest with regard to protective immunity against the parasite. in order to obtain more information about asexual blood stage ag of p. falciparum that are seen by this antibody, material from synchronized p. falciparum cultures was studied by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoblotting. reactivity was mainly confined to the membran ... | 1989 | 2654292 |
| plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes form spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes. | erythrocytes infected with trophozoites or schizonts of plasmodium falciparum bind uninfected erythrocytes, leading to rosette formation. both established laboratory strains and fresh isolates from patients form such rosettes, but at widely different frequencies. igg preparations from the serum of some p. falciparum-immune donors and heparin inhibited rosette formation. the results indicate that cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells and rosetting represent distinct genetic ... | 1989 | 2654325 |
| antimalarial effects of eight african medicinal plants. | crude hot water extracts from eight medicinal plants collected in togo, west africa, were examined for antimalarial properties against plasmodium falciparum using an in vitro test. the activity differed with the plant species with extracts of cassia siamea, jatropha gossypiifolia and pavetta crassipes capable of 100% inhibition. | 1989 | 2654489 |
| ultrastructure of plasmodium falciparum "in vitro". ii. morphological patterns of different quinolines effects. | in the present morphological study, we used electron microscopy (em) to evaluate the activity of three quinolines upon plasmodium falciparum strains cultured in vitro. the drugs (namely chloroquine, mefloquine and a new active substance, sf6606) showed common cellular targets (i.e. feeding process, protein synthesis, membrane formation and utilisation) but gave rise to different morphological features. em as a tool is able to reveal a variety of drug-induced alterations, but it does not seem to ... | 1989 | 2654570 |
| ultrastructure of plasmodium falciparum "in vitro". i. base-line for drug effects evaluation. | a chloroquine-sensitive and a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum were examined in drug-free culture. apart from the presence of knobs on the erythrocytes infected with sensitive parasites, no major differences between the two strains were observed. nevertheless, the parasites of each strain show a variety of morphological features, some of which are quite similar to drug-induced alterations concerning cytoplasmic organelles, feeding process, and host-parasite interactions. | 1989 | 2654573 |
| eosinophils in falciparum malaria. | | 1989 | 2654587 |
| immunology of human malaria. a cellular perspective. | | 1989 | 2654824 |
| 1h-nmr studies of synthetic polypeptide models of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein tandemly repeated sequence. | the major immunodominant region of the coating protein of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites contains multiple tandem copies of the sequence asn-ala-asn-pro (nanp). current efforts for the development of an antisporozoite vaccine are focused on the synthesis of polypeptides reproducing part of the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence and, in an attempt to relate conformational properties and biological response, 1h-nmr one- and two-dimensional studies of the synthetic models (nanp)2na and (na ... | 1989 | 2655733 |
| compounds binding to cytoskeletal proteins are active against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | the effects of nine different tubulin-binding substances and of one actin-binding compound, cytochalasin b, upon the intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were investigated in vitro. from the data obtained, plasmodial tubulins seem to be quite different from the mammalian proteins on the molecular level. tubulozole-t, a substance which is inactive in mammalian systems, appears to be a promising novel antimalarial drug. | 1989 | 2655935 |
| plasmodium falciparum: dimorphism of the p190 alleles. | | 1989 | 2656281 |
| the use of 5-fluorocytosine and ketoconazole in the culture of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum and some tumor cell lines. | in vitro culture systems are often contaminated by bacteria and fungi. it is therefore often necessary to supplement culture media with agents such as penicillin/streptomycin, gentamycin or amphotericin b. the latter cannot be used in the in vitro culture of erythrocytic stages of p. falciparum, and thus anti-fungal agents have not been regularly used in this system. we describe the prophylactic use of 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) and ketoconazole (ktz) in tissue cultures at concentrations up to 300 ... | 1989 | 2656288 |
| stage-dependent inhibition of plasmodium falciparum by potent ca2+ and calmodulin modulators. | the effects of ca2+ channel blockers, verapamil, nicardipine and diltiazem, and of potent calmodulin (cam) inhibitors, trifluoperazine (tfp), calmidazolium, w-7 and w-5, on plasmodium falciparum in culture were examined. among ca2+ blockers, nicardipine was the most potent with the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 4.3 microm at 72 h after culture. parasites were more sensitive to calmidazolium and w-7 with ic50 of 3.4 and 4.5 microm, respectively, than to tfp and w-5. all ca2+ blockers and ... | 1989 | 2657032 |
| antimalarial activity of new water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 2. stereospecificity of the ether side chain. | a new series of hydrolytically stable and water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives with optically active side chains was prepared as potential antimalarial agents. this was an effort to prepare compounds with activity superior to that of artelinic acid and to examine the impact of the stereospecificity of the introduced alkyl side chain on biological properties. the ester derivatives (6a-d) possess superior in vitro activity to artemisinin, artemether, and arteether against two strains of pl ... | 1989 | 2657065 |
| [in vivo study of chloroquine resistance of plasmodium falciparum malaria in mayotte]. | according to the existence of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resisting cases in madagascar and, someone, in the comoro archipelago, a study using in vivo w.h.o. test was conducted in mayotte island. between the end of 1985 and 1987, despite the great difficulties for ambulatory blood collection in a rural population, 24% of malaria cases had been followed up during 28 days, using a dose of 25 mg/kg in 3 days. during 1986 and 1987, 5 cases showed positive serology of thin blood films. either t ... | 1989 | 2657314 |
| [a new antimalarial on the market: halofantrine. various observations]. | to face the geographical extension of chloroquine resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum and the extant of multiple drug resistant strains (with sometimes a loss of quinine sensitivity), a new antimalarial drug which comes on to the market is wellcome. halofantrine, a phenanthren methanol, licensed as halfan has been authorized for sell in france in 1988 and is also available in four countries of tropical africa: ivory coast, togo, congo and zaïre. the current prescription of halfan is the t ... | 1989 | 2657315 |
| leupeptin alters the proteolytic processing of p126, the major parasitophorous vacuole antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | among several protease inhibitors tested, only leupeptin was found to modify qualitatively the processing of p126, a major antigen of the parasitophorous vacuole of plasmodium falciparum, and to inhibit the release of merozoites. whereas p126 is normally processed upon merozoite release into 2 polypeptides of 50 and 73 kda which are discharged in the culture medium, leupeptin treatment led to the recovery of a 56 kda fragment which was recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for the 50 kda ... | 1989 | 2657420 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the 105 kilodalton rhoptry antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2657422 |
| chemoprophylaxis and treatment of malaria. | | 1989 | 2657426 |
| tumor necrosis factor and disease severity in children with falciparum malaria. | to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor in plasmodium falciparum infections, we measured serum concentrations of this cytokine in 65 malawian children with severe falciparum malaria. of these children (mean age, 5.3 years), 55 were unconscious and 10 had hypoglycemia at presentation. although there was considerable overlap, the mean (+/- sem) initial serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor was significantly higher in the 10 patients who died (709 +/- 312 pg per milliliter) than in ... | 1989 | 2657427 |
| gametocytogenesis induction in cultured plasmodium falciparum and further development of the gametocytes to ookinetes in prolonged culture. | gametocytogenesis induction medium (rpmi-fsc reactive medium), prepared with a mixture of the culture supernatant from anti-plasmodium falciparum antibody-producing hybridoma cells and hybridoma cell lysate, consistently induced gametocytogenesis in cultured p. falciparum. gametocytogenesis was induced in three strains (0662, fcb 1, and fcr-3) and one clone (r.fcr-3) as has previously been described in two other strains (ono et al. 1986). both caffeine (2 mm/ml) and calmodulin (5 micrograms/ml) ... | 1989 | 2657715 |
| antimalarial properties of ebselen. | the seleno-organic compound ebselen showed anti-malarial activity in vitro against the murine plasmodium berghei and the human p. falciparum. in p. berghei, the uptake and incorporation of [3h]-methionine and [3h]-adenosine was inhibited and the infectivity of plasmodia was reduced. ebselen affects the development of asexual stages of chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive p. falciparum strains. its ic50 for p. falciparum was about 14 mumol/l and that for p. berghei, about 10 mumol/l. the growth o ... | 1989 | 2657716 |
| [pernicious malaria seizure. present status and new characteristics]. | | 1989 | 2657989 |
| diagnosis of falciparum malaria delayed by long incubation period and misleading presenting symptoms: life-saving role of manual leucocyte differential count. | in countries where malaria is not endemic the diagnosis of the disease is often delayed or overlooked, particularly if the clinical symptoms are atypical and if automated cell analyzers are used instead of blood films for leucocyte differential counts. we report 2 cases of severe plasmodium falciparum malaria with unusual clinical features: a 46-year-old man with an exceptionally long incubation period and a 22-year-old woman with presenting symptoms suggesting viral hepatitis. in both cases the ... | 1989 | 2658017 |
| amplification of a gene related to mammalian mdr genes in drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum. | the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum contains at least two genes related to the mammalian multiple drug resistance genes, and at least one of the p. falciparum genes is expressed at a higher level and is present in higher copy number in a strain that is resistant to multiple drugs than in a strain that is sensitive to the drugs. | 1989 | 2658061 |