| an in vitro study on the anti-adherence effect of brucea javanica and piper betle extracts towards oral candida. | the adherence of candida to mucosal surfaces is the initial step for successful invasive process of the oral cavity. the study aimed to investigate the effect of two plant extracts on the non-specific and specific bindings of oral candida. | 2013 | 23915676 |
| comparison of the vitek 2 yeast susceptibility system with clsi microdilution for antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole and voriconazole against candida spp., using new clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values. | a commercially available, fully automated yeast susceptibility test system (vitek 2; biomérieux, marcy d'etoile, france) was compared in 3 different laboratories with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference microdilution (bmd) method by testing 2 quality control strains, 10 reproducibility strains, and 425 isolates of candida spp. against fluconazole and voriconazole. reference clsi bmd mic endpoints and vitek 2 mic endpoints were read after 24 hours and 9.1-27.1 hours i ... | 2013 | 23870164 |
| species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream fungal isolates in paediatric patients in mexico: a nationwide surveillance study. | to establish the species distribution and in vitro susceptibilities of 358 bloodstream fungal isolates from paediatric patients in mexico. | 2013 | 23869052 |
| arteriovenous graft infection caused by candida glabrata: a case report and literature review. | the infection rate of arteriovenous (av) grafts is high, but fungal etiology is rare. only five cases of graft infection due to candida albicans (c. albicans) or c. tropicalis have been described in the literature. herein, we report the first case of av graft infection caused by c. glabrata. a 60-year-old woman on maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease was admitted because of intermittent fever, for 10 days. upon physical examination, tenderness over the av graft site was noticed. ... | 2016 | 23838263 |
| yeasts isolated from nosocomial urinary infections: antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production. | urinary candida infections in the hospital environment are frequent and need to be better understood. | 2014 | 23810785 |
| the prevalence of oral candida infections in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of candida spp. in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2013 | 23806705 |
| antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles in combination with nystatin and chlorhexidine digluconate against candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms. | although silver nanoparticles (sn) have been investigated as an alternative to conventional antifungal drugs in the control of candida-associated denture stomatitis, the antifungal activity of sn in combination with antifungal drugs against candida biofilms remains unknown. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of sn in combination with nystatin (nyt) or chlorhexidine digluconate (chg) against candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms. the drugs alone or c ... | 2013 | 23773119 |
| genital mycotic infections in patients with diabetes. | patients with diabetes, especially those with poorly controlled glycemia, are prone to developing genital mycotic infections-vulvovaginal candidiasis in women and candida balanitis in men-the latter almost exclusively in uncircumcised men. candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing balanitis and is also the dominant cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with diabetes, although candida glabrata is a prominent pathogen in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. candida glabrata is less ... | 2013 | 23748505 |
| in vitro activities of isavuconazole and comparator antifungal agents tested against a global collection of opportunistic yeasts and molds. | isavuconazole is a new broad-spectrum triazole with a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. we report the mic distributions for isavuconazole and 111 isolates of candida (42 candida albicans, 25 candida glabrata, 22 candida parapsilosis, 14 candida tropicalis, and 8 candida krusei isolates), as determined by clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) and european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) broth microdilution (bmd) methods. also, the relative activ ... | 2013 | 23740727 |
| oral microflora and their relation to risk factors in hiv+ patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral microflora and association of oral candidiasis and multiple risk factors in hiv(+) patients. | 2013 | 23721997 |
| echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for clinical opportunistic yeast and mold isolates collected from 2010 to 2011: application of new clsi clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values for characterization of geographic and temporal trends of antifungal resistance. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program monitors global susceptibility and resistance rates of newer and established antifungal agents. we report the echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility patterns for 3,418 contemporary clinical isolates of yeasts and molds. the isolates were obtained from 98 laboratories in 34 countries during 2010 and 2011. yeasts not presumptively identified by chromagar, the trehalose test, or growth at 42°c and all molds were sequence identified using in ... | 2013 | 23720791 |
| differential virulence of candida glabrata glycosylation mutants. | the fungus candida glabrata is an important and increasingly common pathogen of humans, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. despite this, little is known about the attributes that allow this organism to cause disease or its interaction with the host immune system. however, in common with other fungi, the cell wall of c. glabrata is the initial point of contact between the host and pathogen, and as such, it is likely to play an important role in mediating interactions and hence virulence. he ... | 2013 | 23720756 |
| candida orthopsilosis fungemias in a spanish tertiary care hospital: incidence, epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility. | few studies exist on prevalence of fungemia by candida orthopsilosis, with variable results. | 2014 | 23680638 |
| impact of imipenem treatment on colonic mycobiota in rats with double-hit sepsis. | broad-spectrum antibiotic administration promotes intestinal colonization of exogenous fungal pathogens in healthy animals and has been recognized as one of the risk factors of invasive fungal infection in clinical settings. it is unclear whether broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment would change the intestinal mycobiota without exogenous fungal challenge in the context of sepsis. | 2013 | 23673098 |
| investigation of the function of candida albicans als3 by heterologous expression in candida glabrata. | during hematogenously disseminated infection, blood-borne candida albicans invades the endothelial cell lining of the vasculature to invade the deep tissues. although the c. albicans als3 invasin is critical for invasion and damage of endothelial cells in vitro, a c. albicans als3δ/δ mutant has normal virulence in the mouse model of disseminated infection. we hypothesized that the contribution of als3 to virulence is obscured by the presence of additional c. albicans invasins. to elucidate the i ... | 2013 | 23630968 |
| candida glabrata olecranon bursitis treated with bursectomy and intravenous caspofungin. | orthopedic surgeons are becoming more involved in the care of patients with septic arthritis and bursitis caused by yeast species. this case report involves a middle-aged immunocompromised female who developed a candida glabrata septic olecranon bursitis that developed after she received a corticosteroid injection in the olecranon bursa for presumed aseptic bursitis. candida (torulopsis) glabrata is the second most frequently isolated candida species from the bloodstream in the united states. in ... | 2013 | 23628576 |
| histatin 5 resistance of candida glabrata can be reversed by insertion of candida albicans polyamine transporter-encoding genes dur3 and dur31. | candida albicans and candida glabrata are predominant fungi associated with oral candidiasis. histatin 5 (hst 5) is a small cationic human salivary peptide with high fungicidal activity against c. albicans, however many strains of c. glabrata are resistant. since hst 5 requires fungal binding to cell wall components prior to intracellular translocation, reduced hst 5 binding to c. glabrata may be the reason for its insensitivity. c. glabrata has higher surface levels of β-1,3-glucans as compared ... | 2013 | 23613860 |
| epidemiological changes with potential implication for antifungal prescription recommendations for fungaemia: data from a nationwide fungaemia surveillance programme. | significant changes in the management of fungaemia have occurred over the last decade with increased use of fluconazole prophylaxis, of empirical treatment and of echinocandins as first-line agents for documented disease. these changes may impact the epidemiology of fungaemia. we present nationwide data for denmark from 2010 to 2011. a total of 1081 isolates from 1047 episodes were recorded in 995 patients. the numbers of patients, episodes and recovered isolates increased by 13.1%, 14.5% and 14 ... | 2013 | 23607326 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel amphiphilic aromatic amino alcohols. | we report in this work the preparation and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of novel amphiphilic aromatic amino alcohols synthesized by reductive amination of 4-alkyloxybenzaldehyde with 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol. the antibacterial activity was determined against four standard strains (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 21 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the antifungal activity was eva ... | 2013 | 23587426 |
| the efficacy and safety of sertaconazole cream (2 %) in diaper dermatitis candidiasis. | diaper dermatitis (dd) is an inflammatory irritating condition that is common in infants. most cases are associated with the yeast colonization of candida or diaper dermatitis candidiasis (ddc), and therefore, the signs and symptoms improve with antimycotic treatment. sertaconazole is a broad-spectrum third-generation imidazole derivative that is effective and safe for the treatment for superficial mycoses, such as tineas, candidiasis, and pityriasis versicolor. our goal was to assess the effica ... | 2013 | 23546772 |
| species distribution and virulence factors of candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients in brazil. | although yeasts belonging to the genus candida are frequently seen as commensals in the oral cavity, they possess virulence attributes that contribute for pathogenicity. the aims of the present study were to study the prevalence of candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of renal transplant recipients and to analyze strains virulence factors. we isolated a total of 70 candida strains from 111 transplant recipients, and candida albicans was the most prevalent species (82.86 %). oral candidiasi ... | 2013 | 23539354 |
| candidemia among adults in soweto, south africa, 1990-2007. | studies on candidemia occurring among adults in southern african are limited. we aimed to document the epidemiology of candidemia among adults in soweto. | 2013 | 23535300 |
| an emerging issue of mixed yeast cultures. | different yeast species have different susceptibilities to commonly prescribed antifungal drugs. thus, it is important to accurately determine the species of pathogenic yeasts, especially when more than one species are in a specimen. | 2014 | 23523053 |
| the secretory pathway: exploring yeast diversity. | protein secretion is an essential process for living organisms. in eukaryotes, this encompasses numerous steps mediated by several hundred cellular proteins. the core functions of translocation through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, primary glycosylation, folding and quality control, and vesicle-mediated secretion are similar from yeasts to higher eukaryotes. however, recent research has revealed significant functional differences between yeasts and mammalian cells, and even among diverse y ... | 2013 | 23480475 |
| comparison of sterol import under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in three fungal species, candida albicans, candida glabrata, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | sterol import has been characterized under various conditions in three distinct fungal species, the model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae and two human fungal pathogens candida glabrata and candida albicans, employing cholesterol, the sterol of higher eukaryotes, as well as its fungal equivalent, ergosterol. import was confirmed by the detection of esterified cholesterol within the cells. comparing the three fungal species, we observe sterol import under three different conditions. first, as p ... | 2013 | 23475705 |
| in vitro anticandidal evaluation of novel highly functionalized bis cyclohexenone ethyl carboxylates. | novel highly functionalized bis cyclohexenone ethyl carboxylates 7-12 were designed, synthesized and their structures were elucidated by their elemental analysis, ms, ft-ir, one-dimensional 1h, and 13c nmr spectroscopic data. | 2013 | 23426531 |
| the new mutation l321f in candida albicans erg11 gene may be associated with fluconazole resistance. | for many years fluconazole has been commonly used to treat candida infections. however, the indiscriminate use of this antimycotic therapy has favored the emergence of resistant isolates. mutations in the erg11 gene have been described as one of the primary mechanisms of resistance in candida species. | 2016 | 23402828 |
| the drosophila toll pathway controls but does not clear candida glabrata infections. | the pathogenicity of candida glabrata to patients remains poorly understood for lack of convenient animal models to screen large numbers of mutants for altered virulence. in this study, we explore the minihost model drosophila melanogaster from the dual perspective of host and pathogen. as in vertebrates, wild-type flies contain c. glabrata systemic infections yet are unable to kill the injected yeasts. as for other fungal infections in drosophila, the toll pathway restrains c. glabrata prolifer ... | 2013 | 23401590 |
| [genotyping of vaginal candida glabrata isolates using microsatellite marker analysis and dna sequencing to identify mutations associated with antifungal resistance]. | vulvovaginal candidosis is the second most common cause of vaginitis (17-39%) after bacterial vaginosis (22-50%). since the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis mainly depends on clinical findings without mycologic confirmatory tests and treated empirically, the actual incidence rate of vulvovaginal candidosis is unknown. approximately 70-90% of vulvovaginal candidosis cases are caused by candida albicans, however the increasing incidence of c.glabrata infections and its reduced susceptibility t ... | 2013 | 23390908 |
| intracellular ph homeostasis in candida glabrata in infection-associated conditions. | candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungal pathogen which is a growing concern for immunocompromised patients. it is ranked as the second most common cause of candidiasis after candida albicans. for pathogenic yeasts, intracellular ph (phi) has been implicated in proliferation, dimorphic switching and virulence. we expressed the ph-sensitive green fluorescent protein variant ratiometric phluorin in the cytosol of c. glabrata to study phi dynamics in living cells. we evaluated the response of ph ... | 2013 | 23378571 |
| structural analysis of the active sites of dihydrofolate reductase from two species of candida uncovers ligand-induced conformational changes shared among species. | a novel strategy for targeting the pathogenic organisms candida albicans and candida glabrata focuses on the development of potent and selective antifolates effective against dihydrofolate reductase. crystal structure analysis suggested that an essential loop at the active site (thr 58-phe 66) differs from the analogous residues in the human enzyme, potentially providing a mechanism for achieving selectivity. in order to probe the role of this loop, we employed chemical synthesis, crystal struct ... | 2013 | 23375226 |
| preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive thermoresponsive systems containing propolis for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. | this work describes the preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive thermoresponsive systems consisted of poloxamer 407 (p407), carbopol® 934p (c934p), and propolis to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). systems were obtained with different percentages of p407 and c934p to deliver propolis, a potent drug against vvc. temperature of gelation, hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness, mucoadhesion, rheology (continuous flow and oscillatory), in vitro drug release, a ... | 2013 | 23334938 |
| candidaemia in sweden: a nationwide prospective observational survey. | a prospective observational nationwide investigation was performed from september 2005 to august 2006 to study the epidemiology of candidaemia in sweden. from 385 patients, 403 isolates were recovered, yielding an incidence of 4.2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. candida albicans was the most common species (61%), followed by candida glabrata (20%) and candida parapsilosis (9%). the rates of resistance to fluconazole were ≤ 1% in c. albicans and 6-29% in non-albicans species other than c. glabrata ... | 2013 | 23331511 |
| microbiology and epidemiology of oral yeast colonization in hemopoietic progenitor cell transplant recipients. | we monitored the epidemiology and microbiology of oral yeast colonization in patients undergoing hemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (hpct) to examine associations between yeast colonization and oral mucositis. | 2013 | 23312542 |
| the telomere capping complex cst has an unusual stoichiometry, makes multipartite interaction with g-tails, and unfolds higher-order g-tail structures. | the telomere-ending binding protein complex cst (cdc13-stn1-ten1) mediates critical functions in both telomere protection and replication. we devised a co-expression and affinity purification strategy for isolating large quantities of the complete candida glabrata cst complex. the complex was found to exhibit a 2∶4∶2 or 2∶6∶2 stoichiometry as judged by the ratio of the subunits and the native size of the complex. stn1, but not ten1 alone, can directly and stably interact with cdc13. in gel mobil ... | 2013 | 23300477 |
| a risk factor analysis of healthcare-associated fungal infections in an intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study. | the incidence of fungal healthcare-associated infection (hai) has increased in a major teaching hospital in the northern part of taiwan over the past decade, especially in the intensive care units (icus). the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that were responsible for the outbreak and trend in the icu. | 2013 | 23298156 |
| oral candida species in head and neck cancer patients treated by radiotherapy. | this paper aimed to identify and quantify candida on head and neck irradiated patients with two comparative elderly populations. | 2013 | 23260345 |
| silver colloidal nanoparticles: effect on matrix composition and structure of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different silver nanoparticles (sn) concentrations on the matrix composition and structure of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms. | 2013 | 23231706 |
| activity of mk-3118, a new oral glucan synthase inhibitor, tested against candida spp. by two international methods (clsi and eucast). | to evaluate the activity of the orally bioavailable enfumafungin derivative mk-3118 and comparator antifungal agents tested against a collection of 113 clinical isolates of candida spp. using clsi and eucast broth microdilution (bmd) methods. | 2013 | 23190764 |
| prevalence of chronic hyperplasic candidiasis. its association to risk factors in an oral medicine service in rosario, argentina. | chronic hyperplasic candidiasis (chc) is one of clinical forms of infection caused by fungi from genus candida, basically candida albicans, and less frequently by other species of the genus, such as candida tropicalis, candida guilliermondii, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida dubliniensis y candida krusei. | 2012 | 23177812 |
| [yeast colonization of urinary catheters and the significance of biofilm formation]. | urinary catheters are colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including numerous yeasts. the catheters are usually colonized by more microbial species forming a community - multispecies biofilm. catheter colonization usually does not affect the patient's clinical status in any significant way. on the other hand, the biofilm can become a source of endogenous infection and its presence can affect functionality of the catheter and formation of urinary stones. material a | 2012 | 23172023 |
| candidacidal effect of fluconazole and chlorhexidine released from acrylic polymer. | to investigate the efficacy and rate of killing of a fluconazole- or chlorhexidine-impregnated polymeric delivery system against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant candida albicans and fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata. | 2013 | 23171950 |
| effect of different pre-irradiation times on curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy against planktonic cultures and biofilms of candida spp. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-irradiation time (pit) on curcumin (cur)-mediated photodynamic therapy (pdt) against planktonic and biofilm cultures of reference strains of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida dubliniensis. | 2013 | 23153629 |
| rapid identification of drug resistant candida species causing recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. | some yeast agents including candida albicans, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata have a role in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. we studied the frequency of both common and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in symptomatic cases which were referred to urmia medical sciences university related gynecology clinics using morphologic and molecular methods. the aim of this study was the identification of candida species isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis cases using a rapid and r ... | 2012 | 23149354 |
| rapid and accurate identification of isolates of candida species by melting peak and melting curve analysis of the internally transcribed spacer region 2 fragment (its2-mca). | rapid identification of clinically important yeasts can facilitate the initiation of anti-fungal therapy, since susceptibility is largely species-dependent. we evaluated melting peak and melting curve analysis of the internally transcribed spacer region 2 fragment (its2-mca) as an identification tool for distinguishing between 16 candida spp., i.e. candida albicans, candida bracarensis, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida inconspicua, candida k ... | 2013 | 23142490 |
| 1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides: inhibitory effect on virulence factors of candida albicans and on the growth of bacterial pathogens. | a homologous series of 1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides, termed compounds 1-11, was synthesized and studied for antibacterial and antifungal activity. of these, compound 8, containing a ten-carbon alkyl chain, showed maximum inhibition against all the tested bacterial strains. the highest antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion method was recorded against mycobacterium smegmatis [zone of inhibition (zoi): 45.75±0.25 mm], followed by escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, vibrio ... | 2013 | 23118472 |
| invasive candidiasis in pakistan: clinical characteristics, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility. | this study reports for the first time, to our knowledge, descriptive epidemiological data for 188 invasive candida isolates from pakistan, including species identification and antifungal susceptibility against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin and amphotericin. risk factors for invasive candidiasis (ic) were determined for 96 patients from karachi, pakistan. in adults and neonates, candida tropicalis (38 and 36 %, respectively) was the most common sp ... | 2013 | 23105021 |
| elevated chitin content reduces the susceptibility of candida species to caspofungin. | the echinocandin antifungal drugs inhibit synthesis of the major fungal cell wall polysaccharide β(1,3)-glucan. echinocandins have good efficacy against candida albicans but reduced activity against other candida species, in particular candida parapsilosis and candida guilliermondii. treatment of candida albicans with a sub-mic level of caspofungin has been reported to cause a compensatory increase in chitin content and to select for sporadic echinocandin-resistant fks1 point mutants that also h ... | 2013 | 23089748 |
| identification of fungicidal 2,6-disubstituted quinolines with activity against candida biofilms. | we have identified two subseries of 2,6-disubstituted quinolines, consisting of 6-amide and 6-urea derivatives, which are characterized by fungicidal activity against candida albicans with minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) values < 15 µm. the 6-amide derivatives displayed the highest fungicidal activity against c. albicans, in particular compounds 1, 5 and 6 characterized by mfc values of 6.25-12.5 µm. compounds 1 and 5 of this series displayed fungicidal activity against the emerging patho ... | 2012 | 23079495 |
| fks1 and fks2 are functionally redundant but differentially regulated in candida glabrata: implications for echinocandin resistance. | the echinocandins caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin, inhibitors of cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis, were recently elevated to first-line agents for treating infections due to the azole-refractory yeast candida glabrata. in candida albicans, echinocandin resistance is strictly associated with mutations in fks1, a large integral membrane protein and putative β-1,3-glucan synthase, while mutations in both fks1 and its paralog fks2 (but not fks3) have been associated with resistance in c. ... | 2012 | 23027185 |
| clinical characteristics of candidaemia in adults with haematological malignancy, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates at a medical centre in taiwan, 2001-2010. | during the period 2001-2010, a total of 154 episodes of candidaemia were noted in 111 of 2574 patients with haematological malignancies at the national taiwan university hospital (taipei, taiwan). patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a significantly higher rate of candidaemia than patients with other haematological malignancies (odds ratio=2.69; p<0.001). candida tropicalis was the most common candida species (n=51; 46%), followed by candida albicans (n=35; 32%), candida parapsilosis ... | 2012 | 23006521 |
| results from a prospective, international, epidemiologic study of invasive candidiasis in children and neonates. | candida species are the third most common cause of pediatric health care-associated bloodstream infection in the united states and europe. to our knowledge, this report from the international pediatric fungal network is the largest prospective, multicenter observational study dedicated to pediatric and neonatal invasive candidiasis. | 2012 | 22982980 |
| colonization of the oral cavity by yeasts in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. | to determine the frequency of yeast in the oral cavity of patients with chronic renal failure, undergoing hemodialysis (pcrfh); identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of yeast and demographic profile of patients. | 2013 | 22978344 |
| effectiveness of the association of 2 probiotic strains formulated in a slow release vaginal product, in women affected by vulvovaginal candidiasis: a pilot study. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is the second most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginosis, and it is diagnosed in up to 40% of women with vaginal complaints in the primary care setting. among candida spp., candida albicans is the most common infectious agent. the treatment of choice for uncomplicated vvc is achieved with single-dose or short-course therapy in over 90% of cases. several topical and oral drugs are available, without evidence for superiority of any agent or route of adm ... | 2012 | 22955364 |
| hartmannella vermiformis can promote proliferation of candida spp. in tap-water. | candida yeasts colonize humans' oral cavities as commensals or opportunistic pathogens. they may be isolated from water circulating in dental unit waterlines mixed with saliva traces mainly because of dysfunction of anti-retraction valves. free-living amoebae (fla), like hartmannella vermiformis, are frequently found in aquatic environments and they have also been already isolated from dental unit waterlines. they can be implicated as reservoir for pathogens or directly in infections. this work ... | 2012 | 22951330 |
| predisposing factors for oropharyngeal colonization of yeasts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a prospective cross-sectional study. | oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be a major opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. the objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and microbiologic features for oropharyngeal yeast colonization in hiv-infected patients. | 2013 | 22921200 |
| is the incidence of candidemia caused by candida glabrata increasing in brazil? five-year surveillance of candida bloodstream infection in a university reference hospital in southeast brazil. | from 2006 to 2010, a retrospective study was conducted in a university referral tertiary care hospital to study the frequency and distribution of candida species in different medical specialties. the use of mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, and urinary catheter were recorded per 1,000 patient-days and the use of antifungals was calculated using defined daily dose (ddd). a total of 313 episodes were identified and the overall incidence was 0.54 (0.41-0.71) episodes per 1,000 patien ... | 2013 | 22920712 |
| a review of candida species causing blood stream infection. | the incidence of candidemia has been on a rise worldwide. the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in general and of candidemia in particular has changed in the past three decades because of a variety of factors like the aids epidemic, increased number of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for transplantation and the increasing use of antimicrobials in the hospital setups and even in the community. the important risk factors for candidemia include use of broad-spectrum antimicrob ... | 2012 | 22885191 |
| species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida bloodstream isolates from population-based surveillance studies in two u.s. cities from 2008 to 2011. | between 2008 and 2011, population-based candidemia surveillance was conducted in atlanta, ga, and baltimore, md. surveillance had been previously performed in atlanta in 1992 to 1993 and in baltimore in 1998 to 2000, making this the first population-based candidemia surveillance conducted over multiple time points in the united states. from 2,675 identified cases of candidemia in the current surveillance, 2,329 candida isolates were collected. candida albicans no longer comprised the majority of ... | 2012 | 22875889 |
| association between incidence of candidaemia and consumption of antifungal agents at a medical centre in taiwan. | this study investigated the correlations between consumption of antifungal agents and species distribution in candidaemia. the incidence of patients with community-acquired candidaemia (cac) (per 1000 admissions) and healthcare-associated candidaemia (hcac) (per 1000 admissions) as well as data on annual consumption [defined daily doses (ddd)/1000 patient-days] of various antifungal agents at a medical centre in taiwan from 2000 to 2010 were evaluated. a total of 2682 episodes of candidaemia wer ... | 2012 | 22819796 |
| the effect of silver nanoparticles and nystatin on mixed biofilms of candida glabrata and candida albicans on acrylic. | the aim of this study was to compare biofilm formation by candida glabrata and candida albicans on acrylic, either individually or when combined (single and dual species) and then examine the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles and nystatin on these biofilms. candidal adhesion and biofilm assays were performed on acrylic surface in the presence of artificial saliva (as) for 2 h and 48 h, respectively. candida glabrata and c. albicans adherence was determined by the number of colony for ... | 2013 | 22803822 |
| increased diversity of fungal flora in the vagina of patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and allergic rhinitis. | recurrent vaginal candidiasis (rvc) is considered to be a hypersensitivity disorder that is associated with allergic rhinitis (ar) in immune deficiencies; however, whether or not the composition of the vaginal fungal flora in patients with ar and rvc is altered and if such alterations in patients with ar are associated with the development of rvc remain unclear. in the present study, a cultivation-independent method with the 18s rrna gene clone library was used to analyze the diversity and compo ... | 2012 | 22767123 |
| risk factors for candidemia with non-albicans candida spp. in intensive care unit patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis. | the objective of this study was to describe factors associated with bloodstream infections (bsis) with non-albicans candida species (nac), compared with candida albicans bsis, and antifungal susceptibility patterns in adult intensive care unit (icu) patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the potential factors for nac candidemia in icu patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis. | 2012 | 22748623 |
| voriconazole inhibits biofilm formation in different species of the genus candida. | to determine the ability of voriconazole to inhibit the formation of biofilms. | 2012 | 22733651 |
| carbonic anhydrase regulation and co(2) sensing in the fungal pathogen candida glabrata involves a novel rca1p ortholog. | carbon dioxide (co2) is a ubiquitous gas present at 0.0391% in atmospheric air and 5.5% in human blood. it forms part of numerous carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions carried out in every cell. carbonic anhydrases (ca) enhance the hydration of co2 to generate bicarbonate, which is subsequently used in cellular metabolism. in microorganisms, including the yeasts candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivation of ca leads to a growth defect in air, which is complemented in an at ... | 2013 | 22727373 |
| candida species: new insights into biofilm formation. | biofilms of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata and candida tropicalis are associated with high indices of hospital morbidity and mortality. major factors involved in the formation and growth of candida biofilms are the chemical composition of the medical implant and the cell wall adhesins responsible for mediating candida-candida, candida-human host cell and candida-medical device adhesion. strategies for elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the formation of candida bio ... | 2012 | 22702528 |
| antifungal activity of arctotis arctotoides (l.f.) o. hoffm. and gasteria bicolor haw. against opportunistic fungi associated with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in south africa where many patients are immunocompromised as a result of the aids pandemic, opportunistic fungal infections such as candidiasis caused mainly by candida albicans are common. arctotis arctotoides and gasteria bicolor are two plants which are frequently and commonly used in traditional medicine in the treatment of hiv patients. | 2012 | 22701287 |
| amphotericin b-induced in vitro postantifungal effect on candida species of oral origin. | the aim of this investigation was to measure the postantifungal effect (pafe) of 6 different oral candida species following exposure to amphotericin b. | 2012 | 22678101 |
| comparison of the two blood culture systems, bactec 9240 and bact/alert 3d, in the detection of candida spp. and bacteria with polymicrobial sepsis. | the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of the bactec 9240 and bact/alert 3d blood culture systems in the detection of candida spp. and bacteria in simulated polymicrobial sepsis models. a total of 28 clinical isolates of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, and candida glabrata were studied. five polymicrobial models of c. albicans + s. aureus, c. albicans + e. coli, c. glabrata + s. aureus, c. glabrata + e. coli, and c. albicans + c. glabrata wer ... | 2012 | 22669561 |
| clinical saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates cannot cross the epithelial barrier in vitro. | saccharomyces cerevisiae is generally considered to be a safe organism and is essential to produce many different kinds of foods as well as being widely used as a dietary supplement. however, several isolates, which are genetically related to brewing and baking yeasts, have shown virulent traits, being able to produce human infections in immunodeficient patients. previously it has been shown that the administration of s. cerevisiae clinical isolates can lead to systemic infections, reaching seve ... | 2012 | 22609000 |
| two hundred and eleven cases of candida osteomyelitis: 17 case reports and a review of the literature. | candida osteomyelitis is a rare infection. we present 17 cases of candida osteomyelitis from our institution and review 194 patients from the literature. the median age of patients was 57 ± 22 years (range, 18-90 years) with 68% male. comorbidities associated with this infection include prior surgery (62%), broad-spectrum antibiotics (40%), central venous catheter insertion (19%), and immunosuppression (17%). the most common infecting species were candida albicans (69%), candida tropicalis (15%) ... | 2012 | 22578942 |
| close association between oral candida species and oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia. | heightened interest in oral health has lead to an increase in patients complaining of xerostomia, which is associated with various oral mucosal disorders. in this study, we investigated the relationship between candida species and oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia. | 2012 | 22548381 |
| [clinical analysis of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical situation of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies, and discuss the susceptible factors and precautions. 541 patients with hematological malignancies from 2008 jan to 2011 dec in hospital 307 of chinese pla were statistically retrospectively analyzed in term of clinical manifestation, image examination, culture results of secretions, therapy and so on. the results showed that 63 out of 541 patients got invasiv ... | 2012 | 22541125 |
| microsatellite analysis of candida isolates from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. | candida albicans and candida glabrata are the most common causative agents of both vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (rvvc). studying the population structure and genotype differentiation of candida species that cause rvvc may lead to a significant improvement in clinical management. a total of 106 isolates were collected from 55 patients who were subdivided into three groups. group i comprised 15 patients with rvvc (n=50 isolates); group ii comprised 16 patie ... | 2012 | 22538998 |
| a novel th cell epitope of candida albicans mediates protection from fungal infection. | fungal pathogens are a frequent cause of opportunistic infections. they live as commensals in healthy individuals but can cause disease when the immune status of the host is altered. t lymphocytes play a critical role in pathogen control. however, specific ags determining the activation and function of antifungal t cells remain largely unknown. by using an immunoproteomic approach, we have identified for the first time, to our knowledge, a natural t cell epitope from candida albicans. isolation ... | 2012 | 22529294 |
| [study on in vitro susceptibility of candida spp. isolated from blood culture]. | in recent years the incidence of bloodstream infections due to candida species has progressively increased, partly due to the more critical conditions of hospitalized patients. there has been a significant increase in immune-compromised, diabetic and/or elderly patients, also with venous access, with a subsequent increase in candida species isolated from bloodstream infections. in 2009-2010 in the hospitals of mestre and venice we isolated 123 candida species from bloodstream infections: 59 cand ... | 2012 | 22475657 |
| peptides of the constant region of antibodies display fungicidal activity. | synthetic peptides with sequences identical to fragments of the constant region of different classes (igg, igm, iga) of antibodies (fc-peptides) exerted a fungicidal activity in vitro against pathogenic yeasts, such as candida albicans, candida glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, and malassezia furfur, including caspofungin and triazole resistant strains. alanine-substituted derivatives of fungicidal fc-peptides, tested to evaluate the critical role of each residue, displayed unaltered, increased ... | 2012 | 22470523 |
| combinatorial stresses kill pathogenic candida species. | pathogenic microbes exist in dynamic niches and have evolved robust adaptive responses to promote survival in their hosts. the major fungal pathogens of humans, candida albicans and candida glabrata, are exposed to a range of environmental stresses in their hosts including osmotic, oxidative and nitrosative stresses. significant efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the adaptive responses to each of these stresses. in the wild, cells are frequently exposed simultaneously to combin ... | 2012 | 22463109 |
| potent antifungal activity of pure compounds from traditional chinese medicine extracts against six oral candida species and the synergy with fluconazole against azole-resistant candida albicans. | this study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activities of four traditional chinese medicine (tcm) extracts. the inhibitory effects of pseudolaric acid b, gentiopicrin, rhein, and alion were assessed using standard disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. they were tested against six oral candida species, candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida dubliniensis, and candida guilliermondii, including clinical isolates from hiv-negative, hiv ... | 2012 | 22454653 |
| ocular involvement in hospitalized patients with candidemia: analysis at a boston tertiary care center. | to study the prevalence, microbial profile, and risk factors for ocular involvement in patients with candidemia. | 2012 | 22409562 |
| significant differences in the cell-wall mannans from three candida glabrata strains correlate with antifungal drug sensitivity. | candida glabrata is often the second or third most common cause of candidiasis after candida albicans. c. glabrata infections are difficult to treat, often resistant to many azole antifungal agents and are associated with a high mortality rate in compromised patients. we determined the antigenic structure of the cell-wall mannoproteins from three c. glabrata strains, nbrc 0005, nbrc 0622 and nbrc 103857. (1)h nmr and methylation analyses of the acetolysis products of these mannoproteins showed a ... | 2012 | 22404982 |
| emerging trends in candidemia: a higher incidence but a similar outcome. | the clinical presentation and outcome of candidemia has changed in recent years. we compared two 5-year periods (2000-2004 and 2005-2009) in a single institution. we recorded 419 candidemia episodes during the study period (124 in the first period and 295 in the second period). we observed a significant increase in the number of cases per 1000 admissions per year, from 0.57 in 2000 to 1.52 in 2009 (χ(2) lt <0.001). candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (42.2%), followed by ca ... | 2012 | 22369861 |
| epidemiology, species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of fungaemia in a spanish multicentre prospective survey. | to update the knowledge of the epidemiology of fungaemia episodes in spain, the species implicated and their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities. | 2012 | 22351683 |
| antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of an antimicrobial monomer for application in prosthodontics. | this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of the monomer methacryloyloxyundecylpyridinium bromide (mupb), an antiseptic agent capable of copolymerizing with denture base acrylic resins. | 2012 | 22339776 |
| silver nanoparticles: influence of stabilizing agent and diameter on antifungal activity against candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms. | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the size-dependent antifungal activity of different silver nanoparticles (sn) colloidal suspensions against candida albicans and candida glabrata mature biofilms. | 2012 | 22313289 |
| [candida infections in the elderly]. | candida infections of the skin, mucous membranes as well as of internal organs may be more frequent and more serious in the elderly. there are several biological reasons for this, for example, alterations in the immune system. whereas candida albicans remains the major pathogen, there has been a relative increase of candida glabrata infections. this species is associated with higher mortality. furthermore, c. glabrata is in general less susceptible to fluconazole, so that this drug does not repr ... | 2013 | 22297919 |
| murine model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis reveals candida glabrata virulence and contribution of β-mannosyltransferases. | candida glabrata, like candida albicans, is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that has adapted to colonize all segments of the human gastrointestinal tract and vagina. the c. albicans cell wall expresses β-1,2-linked mannosides (β-mans), promoting its adherence to host cells and tissues. because β-mans are also present in c. glabrata, their role in c. glabrata colonization and virulence was investigated in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced colitis. five clustered genes of c. g ... | 2012 | 22291009 |
| evaluation of the commercial rapid trehalose test (glabrata rtt) for the point of isolation identification of candida glabrata isolates in primary cultures. | candidaemias account for 10-20% of nosocomial bloodstream infections depending on the study. whilst candida albicans remains the most frequently isolated species, candida glabrata may be responsible for as many as 10-25% of all candidaemias. moreover, c. glabrata is generally less susceptible to the azole antifungals than the majority of other pathogenic yeast species. thus, a rapid test for the specific identification of isolates of c. glabrata would be useful for patient management if it could ... | 2012 | 22234529 |
| investigating biofilm production, coagulase and hemolytic activity in candida species isolated from denture stomatitis patients. | oral candidiasis, in the form of candida-associated denture stomatitis, represents a common disease in a large percentage of denture wearers, and candida albicans remains the most commonly isolated species. in this study, we aimed to evaluate biofilm production, coagulase and hemolytic activity of candida species isolated from denture stomatitis patients. | 2011 | 25610156 |
| comparative antifungal activity of cilofungin (ly121019) against candida species, including evaluation of susceptibility testing method. | the in vitro activity of cilofungin against 100 candida species was compared with 5-flucytosine. amphotericin b and ketoconazole by two laboratories independently and in a blinded fashion using a macrotitre dilution broth method in saam-f medium. cilofungin showed good in vitro activity against candida albicans. candida tropicalis and candida glabrata (90% minimal inhibitory concentration [mic] 3.2 μg/ml) but was inactive against other candida species. when testing the susceptibility of cilofung ... | 1992 | 22416196 |
| multiplex pcr designed to differentiate species within the candida glabrata complex. | no phenotypic methods are available to unequivocally differentiate species within the candida glabrata complex. | 2017 | 27810263 |
| candida glabrata species complex prevalence and antifungal susceptibility testing in a culture collection: first description of candida nivariensis in argentina. | the presence of the cryptic species belonging to the candida glabrata complex has not been studied in argentina. we analyzed a collection of 117 clinical isolates of c. glabrata complex belonging to a national culture collection of instituto nacional de microbiología "dr. carlos g. malbrán" from argentina (40 isolates from blood samples, 18 from other normally sterile sites, 20 from vagina, 14 from urine, 7 from oral cavity, 3 from catheter, 1 from a stool sample and 14 isolates whose clinical o ... | 2016 | 27681573 |
| in vitro fungicidal activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against candida glabrata, candida bracarensis, and candida nivariensis evaluated by time-kill studies. | anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin killing activities against candida glabrata, candida bracarensis, and candida nivariensis were evaluated by the time-kill methodology. the concentrations assayed were 0.06, 0.125, and 0.5 μg/ml, which are achieved in serum. anidulafungin and micafungin required between 13 and 26 h to reach the fungicidal endpoint (99.9% killing) against c. glabrata and c. bracarensis. all echinocandins were less active against c. nivariensis. | 2015 | 25801575 |
| candida nivariensis in comparison to different phenotypes of candida glabrata. | the purpose of the study was to establish the prevalence of new candida glabrata complex species: candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis isolated from clinical material, evaluate their phenotypes and the prevalence of gene family encoding extracellular glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl proteases, crucial for c. glabrata virulence. study material included 224 c. glabrata clinical strains. candida glabrata phenotypes were identified using chromagar candida medium. strains were anal ... | 2014 | 25267284 |
| prevalence of candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis in vulvovaginal candidiasis. | candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis were isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis were found in presumptive candida glabrata isolates, which were identified using the api candida system. we retrospectively re-examined vaginal presumptive candida glabrata isolates for candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis from january 1, 2003, through december 31, 2012, via detection of the its1 region and the 5.8s ribosomal rna gene. am ... | 2014 | 25118875 |
| [first case report of catheter-related fungemia by candida nivariensis in the iberian peninsula]. | in recent years the incidence of candidemia caused by non-albicans candida species has been increasing. two cryptic species have been described within the candida glabrata complex, candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis, which may be troublesome in laboratory identification and have lower susceptibility to fluconazole. | 2013 | 22982698 |
| validation of the pcr-dhplc method for rapid identification of candida glabrata phylogenetically related species in different biological matrices. | since two new species phylogenetically related to candida glabrata with slightly different phenotypes and antifungal susceptibility profiles have been described, it seems to be necessary from clinical point of view, to develop a rapid and accurate identification system in order to distinguish between these three fungal species. we studied the performance of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) as a faster (less than 7 min) and alternative novel technique for simultaneous ana ... | 2012 | 22456535 |
| survey and analysis of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in three genomes of candida species. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) or microsatellites, which composed of tandem repeated short units of 1-6 bp, have been paying attention continuously. here, the distribution, composition and polymorphism of microsatellites and compound microsatellites were analyzed in three available genomes of candida species (candida dubliniensis, candida glabrata and candida orthopsilosis). the results show that there were 118,047, 66,259 and 61,119 microsatellites in genomes of c. dubliniensis, c. glabrata and ... | 2016 | 26883055 |
| activity of echinocandins and triazoles against a contemporary (2012) worldwide collection of yeast and moulds collected from invasive infections. | in this study, 1717 fungal clinical isolates causing invasive fungal infections were evaluated against nine antifungal agents using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference broth microdilution methods. the isolates comprised 1487 candida spp., 109 aspergillus spp., 86 non-candida yeasts (including 52 isolates of cryptococcus neoformans) and 35 rare moulds obtained during 2012 from 72 hospitals worldwide. echinocandin resistance among candida spp. was low, and resistance rates ... | 2014 | 25129315 |
| isavuconazole and nine comparator antifungal susceptibility profiles for common and uncommon candida species collected in 2012: application of new clsi clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values. | the in vitro activity of isavuconazole and nine antifungal comparator agents was assessed using reference broth microdilution methods against 1,421 common and uncommon species of candida from a 2012 global survey. isolates were identified using chromagar, biochemical methods and sequencing of its and/or 28s regions. candida spp. were classified as either susceptible or resistant and as wild type (wt) or non-wt using clsi clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cutoff values, respectively, for th ... | 2014 | 24952015 |