| feed efficiency of mid-lactation dairy cows fed yeast culture during summer. | thirty-eight holstein cows (26 multiparous and 12 primiparous), that averaged 105 d postpartum at the start of the experiment, were used to evaluate the feeding of yeast culture (60 g/cow daily of diamond v xp) on production efficiency during hot summer weather. from early june until early september and after a 2-wk covariate period, cows were fed a control diet without or with 60 g of yeast culture/cow daily for 12 wk. weekly daytime high temperatures in the free-stall barn during the 12-wk per ... | 2004 | 15545380 |
| effects of replacing dietary starch with sucrose on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture. | a dual-effluent continuous-culture system was used to evaluate the effects of partially replacing cornstarch with sucrose in a total mixed ration on ruminal fermentation and n metabolism. the 4 treatments were 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% sucrose and, respectively, 7.5 (control), 5.0, 2.5, and 0% cornstarch in a total mixed ration containing 20% corn silage and 40% alfalfa silage. fermenters were fed 4 times a day during four 9-d periods with sampling beginning on d 6. replacing cornstarch wi ... | 2004 | 15545386 |
| a short insert in the leader sequence of rna 3l, a long variant of alfalfa mosaic virus rna3, introduces two unidentified reading frames. | n20-rna 3l, a large form of rna 3 associated with alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) strain n20 comprises 2281 nt and has approximately 97% overall sequence similarity to the longest previously described rna 3 of amv strain ysmv (ysmv-rna 3; 2188 nt). compared with ysmv-rna 3, n20-rna 3l contains an additional 97 nt in the 5' leader upstream of the open reading frames for movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). two overlapping unidentified reading frames (urf1 and urf2) result from this modificatio ... | 2004 | 15550770 |
| strain-specific differences in the attachment of listeria monocytogenes to alfalfa sprouts. | contamination of fresh produce with listeria monocytogenes has resulted in outbreaks of systemic listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis. recalls of alfalfa sprouts have occurred due to contamination with l. monocytogenes. alfalfa sprouts were used as a preharvest model to study the interaction with this human pathogen. seventeen strains were assessed for their capacity to colonize alfalfa sprouts, and strain-specific differences (not related to source, serotype, or lineage) were revealed when t ... | 2004 | 15553632 |
| use of artificial environments to reproduce and exploit genotype x location interaction for lucerne in northern italy. | genotype x environment interaction effects can be exploited by breeding for specific adaptation to well-defined subregions within a target region. previous work showed that genotype x location interaction for dry matter (dm) yield of lucerne (medicago sativa l. subsp. sativa) cultivars in northern italy is large and associated with soil type and level of summer drought stress of locations, suggesting the presence of two contrasting subregions. thirteen farm landraces collected across the region ... | 2005 | 15558230 |
| use of the mobile nylon bag technique to determine the digestible energy content of traditional and non-traditional feeds for swine. | the following experiment was conducted using the mobile nylon bag technique (mnbt) to determine dry matter and energy digestibility in traditional feeds as well as non-traditional feeds in order to calculate digestible energy (de) values for use in ration formulation programmes. a total of 22 ingredients were tested in this experiment including the traditional cereal grains barley, corn, oats and wheat, as well as secondary cereal grains such as normal and low viscosity rye, low lignin and high ... | 2004 | 15570743 |
| a beef herd model for simulating feed intake, animal performance, and manure excretion in farm systems. | a beef herd submodel was created for integration with other farm components to form a whole-farm model capable of simulating a wide range of beef production systems. this herd submodel determined the best available feed or feed mix to meet the fiber, energy, and protein requirements for each of up to six animal groups on the farm. the groups comprised any combination of cows, nursing calves, young heifers, yearling heifers, stockers, and finishing cattle. protein, energy, and mineral requirement ... | 2005 | 15583064 |
| dry matter intake and digestion of alfalfa harvested at sunset and sunrise. | the preference exhibited by animals in selecting one feed over another is important only if the preferred diet is consumed daily in larger quantities, digested to a greater extent, or both. six alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hays were harvested in pairs at sunset (pm) and sunrise (am) on consecutive days at three harvest dates. a previous study of these hays demonstrated differences in ruminant preference favoring pm harvests. this study evaluated the effects of time of cutting and harvest date on ... | 2005 | 15583067 |
| determination of rumen degradability and ruminal effects of three sources of methionine in lactating cows. | objectives were to quantify the ruminal effects and flows to the omasum of met provided as 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (hmb), the isopropyl ester of hmb (hmbi), and dl-met. eight ruminally cannulated cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design. treatments were 1) no met (control), 2) hmb at 0.10% of dm, 3) hmbi at 0.13% of dm, and 4) dl-met at 0.088% of dm. diets were identical except for type of met supplement and were based on corn silage and alfalfa hay at 30 and 13% o ... | 2005 | 15591385 |
| comparison of a corn silage hybrid with high cell-wall content and digestibility with a hybrid of lower cell-wall content on performance of holstein cows. | we hypothesized that substituting a corn hybrid with high cell-wall content and high neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (hcw) for a hybrid with lower cell-wall content and lower ndf digestibility (lcw) would improve feed intake and milk production in lactating holstein cows. there was a 3.6 percentage unit difference in ndf content and a 4.1 percentage unit difference in 30-h in vitro ndf digestion between the 2 corn hybrids. in trial 1, 40 cows (12 primiparous) ranging in milk producti ... | 2005 | 15591387 |
| insertion of transposon tn5tac1 in the sinorhizobium meliloti malate dehydrogenase (mdh) gene results in conditional polar effects on downstream tca cycle genes. | to isolate sinorhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in malate dehydrogenase (mdh) activity, random transposon tn5tac1 insertion mutants were screened for conditional lethal phenotypes on complex medium. tn5tac1 has an outward-oriented isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg)-inducible promoter (ptac). the insertion in strain rm30049 was mapped to the mdh gene, which was found to lie directly upstream of the genes encoding succinyl-coa synthetase (succd) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (suc ... | 2004 | 15597737 |
| immunoassay for biochanin a. | two variants of immunoassay for the determination of biochanin a (5,7-dihydroxy 4'-methoxy isoflavone), i.e., a radioimmunoassay (ria) and an indirect elisa, have been developed and evaluated. both methods employ the same rabbit antiserum to a 7-o-carboxymethyl-5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone-bovine serum albumin (bsa) conjugate. a 125i-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester (tme) conjugate was used as a radioligand for the ria. the indirect elisa uses immunogen-coated microtitration plates and a p ... | 2004 | 15604024 |
| cofolding organizes alfalfa mosaic virus rna and coat protein for replication. | alfalfa mosaic virus genomic rnas are infectious only when the viral coat protein binds to the rna 3' termini. the crystal structure of an alfalfa mosaic virus rna-peptide complex reveals that conserved augc repeats and pro-thr-x-arg-ser-x-x-tyr coat protein amino acids cofold upon interacting. alternating augc residues have opposite orientation, and they base pair in different adjacent duplexes. localized rna backbone reversals stabilized by arginine-guanine interactions place the adenosines an ... | 2004 | 15604410 |
| identification of a golgi-localised grip domain protein from arabidopsis thaliana. | a family of golgi-localised molecules was recently described in animals and fungi possessing extensive coiled regions and a short (approximately 40 residues) conserved c-terminal domain, called the grip domain, which is responsible for their location to this organelle. using the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, we identified a gene (atgrip) encoding a putative grip protein. we demonstrated that the c-terminal domain from atgrip functions as a golgi-targeting sequence in plant cells. localisatio ... | 2004 | 15605178 |
| potential of alfalfa as an alternative molt induction diet for laying hens: egg quality and consumer acceptability. | dietary molt induction to initiate additional egg laying cycles in commercial laying hen flocks is a wide spread practice in the united states. feed deprivation is the most commonly used method but this practice has generated several concerns which has lead to research for viable alternative approaches. from a management standpoint a single ingredient molting diet consisting of high fiber-low energy represents an easily adaptable diet for large laying hen production units. alfalfa meal is readil ... | 2005 | 15627561 |
| detailed studies of the binding mechanism of the sinorhizobium meliloti transcriptional activator expg to dna. | the exopolysaccharide galactoglucan promotes the establishment of symbiosis between the nitrogen-fixing gram-negative soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti 2011 and its host plant alfalfa. the transcriptional regulator expg activates expression of galactoglucan biosynthesis genes by direct binding to the expa1, expg/expd1 and expe1 promoter regions. expg is a member of the marr family of regulatory proteins. analysis of target sequences of an expg(his)(6) fusion protein in the exp promoter regio ... | 2005 | 15632443 |
| effect of carbohydrate source on ammonia utilization in lactating dairy cows. | this study was conducted to investigate the effect of dextrose, starch, ndf, and a carbohydrate (cho) mix on utilization of ruminal ammonia in dairy cows. four ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows (bw = 788 +/- 31 kg; 217 +/- 35 d in milk) were allocated to four treatments in a 4 x 4 latin square design trial. cows were fed an all alfalfa diet at 12-h intervals (dmi = 22.2 +/- 0.25 kg/d). treatments were control, white oat fiber (ndf); corn dextrose (glu); cornstarch (sta); and a ch ... | 2005 | 15644514 |
| pectic zymogram variation and pathogenicity of rhizoctonia solani ag-4 to bean (phaseolus vulgaris) isolates in isfahn, iran. | rhizoctonia disease, caused by rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important fungal diseases in bean fields in isfahan, iran. bean plants showing stem and root cankers were collected and rhizoctonia-like fungi obtained from the samples were identified by anastomosis. pure cultures of bean isolates of r. solani were identified as ag-4. there were also ag-4 isolates from tomato, potato, cucumber, alfalfa and sugar beet in the areas sampled. a total of 163 isolates of r. solani ag-4 originating f ... | 2004 | 15645177 |
| the attachment and stylostome of trombidium newelli (acari: trombidiidae), an ectoparasitic mite on adults of alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (coleoptera: curculionidae). | larvae of the mite trombidium newelli welbourn and flessel are ectoparasitic on adult alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhall), an insect pest of alfalfa. the mite larvae are found under the elytra, attached to the dorsal surface of weevils' abdomen. t. newelli larvae use their chelicerae to penetrate the pliable and weakly sclerotized areas of the host's integument, and to hold on firmly to the host. the attachment sites associated with larval mites of different degrees of engorgement were e ... | 2004 | 15651529 |
| mitochondrial toxicity detected in a health product with a boar spermatozoan bioassay. | seaweed and organic alfalfa capsules sold as "health promoting" products had repeatedly caused emesis in a consumer. using the boar spermatozoan bioassay, the capsule contents were found to contain a toxic substance that inhibited boar sperm motility and depolarised mitochondria at low exposure concentrations of 10 microg/ml. the capsule also contained high amounts (10(5)-10(7) cfu/g), of endospore-forming bacteria and streptomyces-like bacteria. bacteria from the capsule produced toxic substanc ... | 2004 | 15651926 |
| dry matter intake is decreased more by abomasal infusion of unsaturated free fatty acids than by unsaturated triglycerides. | previous experiments from our group have demonstrated that abomasal infusion of unsaturated free fatty acids (ffa) markedly decreases dry matter intake (dmi) in dairy cows. in contrast, experiments from other groups have noted smaller decreases in dmi when unsaturated triglycerides (tg) were infused postruminally. our hypothesis was that unsaturated ffa would be more potent inhibitors of dmi than an equivalent amount of unsaturated tg. four holstein cows in late lactation were used in a single r ... | 2005 | 15653530 |
| monensin for lactating dairy cows grazing mixed-alfalfa pasture and supplemented with partial mixed ration. | the effect of monensin on milk production was evaluated in 58 lactating holstein cows (48 multiparous; 10 primiparous) grazing a mixed-alfalfa pasture and supplemented with a partial mixed ration in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements. cows were paired by calving date, lactation number, previous lactation milk production, body weight, and body condition score and were assigned to one of 2 treatments: control or monensin. cows on the monensin treatment received 2 monensin co ... | 2005 | 15653531 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti dcta mutants with partial ability to transport dicarboxylic acids. | sinorhizobium meliloti dcta encodes a transport protein needed for a successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between the bacteria and alfalfa. using the toxicity of the dcta substrate fluoroorotic acid as a selective agent in an iterated selection procedure, four independent s. meliloti dcta mutants were isolated that retained some ability to transport dicarboxylates. two mutations were located in a region called motif b located in a predicted transmembrane helix of the protein that has been shown ... | 2005 | 15659691 |
| effects of community versus single strain inoculants on the biocontrol of salmonella and microbial community dynamics in alfalfa sprouts. | potential biological control inoculants, pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and microbial communities derived from market sprouts or laboratory-grown alfalfa sprouts, were introduced into alfalfa seeds with and without a salmonella inoculum. we examined their ability to inhibit the growth of this foodborne pathogen and assess the relative effects of the inoculants on the alfalfa microbial community structure and function. alfalfa seeds contaminated with a salmonella cocktail were soaked for 2 h in bac ... | 2005 | 15690802 |
| management of burn injuries in the horse. | extensive thermal injuries in horses can be difficult to manage. the large surface of the burn dramatically increases the potential for loss of fluids,electrolytes, and calories. burns are classified by the depth of injury: first-degree burns involve only the most superficial layers of the epidermis;second-degree burns involve the entire epidermis and can be superficial or deep; third-degree burns are characterized by loss of the epidermal and dermal components; and fourth-degree burns involve a ... | 2005 | 15691603 |
| effect of nitric oxide and plant antioxidants on microsomal content of lipid radicals. | the antioxidant ability of nitric oxide (no) generated by a chemical donor and of commercially available antioxidant preparations was assayed. snap (s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicilamine) was used as the no donor, and ginkgo biloba, wheat and alfalfa preparations were tested. lipid peroxidation was assayed by epr employing a reaction system consisting of rat liver microsomes, adp, fecl3, nadph and pobn in phosphate buffer, ph=7.4. in vitro no exposure decreased microsomal lipid peroxidation in a dose-d ... | 2000 | 15693283 |
| proline suppresses apoptosis in the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii. | the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in cell communication, control of gene expression, and oxygen sensing is well established. inappropriate regulation of ros levels can damage cells, resulting in a diseased state. in colletotrichum trifolii, a fungal pathogen of alfalfa, the mutationally activated oncogenic fungal ras (daras) elevates levels of ros, causing abnormal fungal growth and development and eventual apoptotic-like cell death but only when grown under nutrient-limiting conditions. ... | 2005 | 15699356 |
| cytoplasm and chloroplasts are not suitable subcellular locations for beta-zein accumulation in transgenic plants. | zeins, the main storage proteins of maize that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of the endosperm cells, are particularly interesting because they are rich in the essential sulphur amino acids. overexpression of certain zein genes in plants such as alfalfa would be expected to improve the nutritional characteristics of this crop. recently, significant accumulation values have been reached, but still far from those considered useful for nutritional purposes. this study investigates whether ... | 2005 | 15710628 |
| crystallographic structure of the t=1 particle of brome mosaic virus. | t=1 icosahedral particles of amino terminally truncated brome mosaic virus (bmv) protein were created by treatment of the wild-type t=3 virus with 1m cacl2 and crystallized from sodium malonate. diffraction data were collected from frozen crystals to beyond 2.9 a resolution and the structure determined by molecular replacement and phase extension. the particles are composed of pentameric capsomeres from the wild-type virions which have reoriented with respect to the original particle pentameric ... | 2005 | 15713465 |
| moulds and yeasts in fresh and minimally processed vegetables, and sprouts. | a limited survey of fresh and minimally processed vegetables, and sprouts was conducted in the washington, dc area to determine if potentially toxigenic and pathogenic fungi were present in these commodities. thirty-nine ready-to-eat salads, 29 whole fresh vegetables and 116 sprout samples (bean, alfalfa, broccoli, crunchy, garlic, spicy, onion, clover, lentil and multi-seed sprouts) were purchased from 13 local supermarkets and tested for yeast and mould counts as well as the presence of toxige ... | 2005 | 15718030 |
| probing the sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis using temperature-sensitive and impaired-function citrate synthase mutants. | to study the role of the decarboxylating leg of the bacterial tca cycle in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, we used dna shuffling and localized random polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis to construct a series of temperature-sensitive and impaired-function mutants in the sinorhizobium meliloti rm104a14 citrate synthase (glta) gene. reducing citrate synthase (cs) activity by mutation led to a corresponding decrease in the free-living growth rate; however, alfalfa plants formed fully effective nodule ... | 2005 | 15720082 |
| the lipid a substructure of the sinorhizobium meliloti lipopolysaccharides is sufficient to suppress the oxidative burst in host plants. | medicago sativa (alfalfa), medicago truncatula and nicotiana tabacum cell suspension cultures, responding to elicitation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ros), were used to analyse the suppressor (and elicitor) activity of lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the symbiotic soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. in order to identify the epitopes of the lps molecule recognized by the plant, s. meliloti mutants defective in lps biosynthesis and hydrolytically obtained lipid a were analysed f ... | 2005 | 15720666 |
| mass spectral characterization of fatty acid amides from alfalfa trichomes and their deterrence against the potato leafhopper. | a homologous series of n-(3-methylbutyl)amides of normal saturated c14, c15, c16, c17 and c18 fatty acids were identified as major components of glandular trichome extracts from medicago sativa g98a, an alfalfa genotype resistant to the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae. a second homologous series of n-(2-methylpropyl)amides of c14 through c18 normal fatty acids were minor components. saturated free fatty acids c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17 and c18 were present in trace amounts, as was the n-(3-m ... | 2005 | 15721945 |
| development of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the foot and mouth disease virus structural polyprotein gene p1 and its utilization as an experimental immunogen. | the use of transgenic plants as vectors for the expression of viral and bacterial antigens has been increasingly tested as an alternative methodology for the production of experimental vaccines. here, we report the production of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the genes encoding the polyprotein p1 and the protease 3c of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). the immunogenicity of the expressed products was tested using a mouse experimental model. parenterally immunized mice developed a strong ... | 2005 | 15734052 |
| immunoprotective properties of transgenic plants expressing e2 glycoprotein from csfv and cysteine protease from fasciola hepatica. | immune responses were elicited in laboratory animals after oral vaccination by transgenic plants (lettuce and alfalfa) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) or cysteine protease from fasciola hepatica. elisa analyses demonstrated that the oral route is effective in inducing a specific antibody response against these antigens in mice. | 2005 | 15734053 |
| wood adhesives prepared from lucerne fiber fermentation residues of ruminococcus albus and clostridium thermocellum. | fermentation residues (consisting of incompletely fermented fiber, adherent bacterial cells, and a glycocalyx material that enhanced bacterial adherence) were obtained by growing the anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria ruminococcus albus 7 or clostridium thermocellum atcc 27405 on a fibrous fraction derived from lucerne (medicago sativa l.). the dried residue was able to serve as an effective co-adhesive for phenol-formaldehyde (pf) bonding of aspen veneer sheets to one another. testing of the resul ... | 2004 | 15735965 |
| effect of water addition on selective consumption (sorting) of dry diets by dairy cattle. | the objective of this study was to determine whether adding water to a dry diet would reduce sorting and improve cow performance. eighteen multiparous lactating holstein cows were used in a cross-over design with 21-d periods. treatments had the same dietary composition and differed only by adding water (wet) or not (dry). diets consisted of 10% alfalfa silage, 30% hay (approximately 80% grass and 20% alfalfa), and 60% concentrate [dry matter (dm) basis]. dietary dm was 80.8% for dry and 64.4% f ... | 2005 | 15738239 |
| reduction of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization and invasion by an alfalfa diet during molt in leghorn hens. | the standard method for molting to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens is feed deprivation. however, the physiological changes within hens caused by feed deprivation increase susceptibility of the hens to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) infection. in an effort to develop an alternative method to induce molting without increasing susceptibility to se, an alfalfa diet was compared with the standard molting method for the level of ovary regression and se colonization. h ... | 2005 | 15742953 |
| occupational exposure to carbofuran and the incidence of cancer in the agricultural health study. | carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide registered for use on a variety of food crops including corn, alfalfa, rice, and tobacco. an estimated 5 million pounds of carbofuran is used annually in the united states, and 45% of urban african-american women have detectable levels of carbofuran in their plasma. nitrosated carbofuran has demonstrated mutagenic properties. we examined exposure to carbofuran and several tumor sites among 49,877 licensed pesticide applicators from iowa and north carolina en ... | 2005 | 15743716 |
| the effect of milk intake on forage intake and growth of nursing calves. | thirty-nine holstein steer calves were assigned to one of five treatments at birth and individually fed for 200 d with milk replacer reconstituted to equal the fat and protein concentration of beef cow milk. treatment levels were the quantities of reconstituted milk fed per day based on lactation curves, which were based on peak milk levels (pml) of 2.72, 5.44, 8.16, 10.88, and 13.6 kg/d, respectively. in addition to reconstituted milk, chopped alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum to allow for max ... | 2005 | 15753351 |
| peptide-based candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | we engineered a 21-mer peptide representing amino acids 170-190 of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein as a fusion with the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein (cp), produced recombinant almv particles presenting this peptide (vmr-rsv) on their surfaces and tested the immunogenicity in vitro in human dendritic cells and in vivo in non-human primates. significant pathogen-specific immune responses were generated in both systems: (i) human dendritic cells armed with vmr-rsv genera ... | 2005 | 15755607 |
| host effects of glandular-haired alfalfa on alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) populations in virginia. | cultivars of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., such as '54h69', are currently available and marketed as being resistant to potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). between 2000 and 2002, studies were conducted to compare the effects of '54h69' and a standard, nonglandular-haired alfalfa cultivar, 'choice', on alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), and potato leafhopper populations at campbell and montgomery counties, virginia. '54h69' had no effect on alfalfa weevil populatio ... | 2005 | 15765667 |
| combination of immunomagnetic separation with real-time pcr for rapid detection of salmonella in milk, ground beef, and alfalfa sprouts. | a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for detecting salmonella spp. in pasteurized milk, ground beef, and alfalfa sprouts was developed. the method combined immunomagnetic separation with a real-time pcr assay based on the double-stranded dna binding dye sybr green i. the primers used produced a product with a melting temperature of 87+/-0.5 degrees c during the pcr assay by amplifying a 284-bp sequence from the invasive gene (inva) of salmonella. the method was successful in detecting 20 salm ... | 2005 | 15771182 |
| dietary modulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced adrenal toxicity in female sprague-dawley rats. | in this study, dietary modulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced adrenal toxicity in rats was investigated. beginning at postnatal day (pnd) 21, female sprague-dawley rats were fed either soy-containing nih-31 diet or soy- and alfalfa-free 5k96 diet. on the first day of diestrus when the animals were pnd 50 +/- 5, rats received either an oral dose of 80 mg/kg dmba or sesame oil, the vehicle, and were sacrificed at 24, 36, or 48 h after treatment. apoptosis was manifested at 24 ... | 2005 | 15778017 |
| subacute ruminal acidosis induces ruminal lipopolysaccharide endotoxin release and triggers an inflammatory response. | subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) was induced in 3 rumen fistulated jersey steers by offering them different combinations of wheat-barley pellets and chopped alfalfa hay. steers were offered 4, 5, and 6 kg/d of pelleted concentrate and 6, 5, and 4 kg/d of chopped alfalfa hay for diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively, during 5-d treatment periods and were fed chopped alfalfa hay between treatment periods. inducing sara increased blood concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid-a. dry matter intake ... | 2005 | 15778308 |
| utilizing different ratios of alfalfa and layer ration for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens. | molting is a common practice used by the commercial egg industry to rejuvenate flocks for a second or third laying cycle. during this time the hens rest from production, and the reproductive organs are rejuvenated to increase production and quality during the next laying cycle. although feed withdrawal (fw) is the most popular and effective method of molt induction, it has come under scrutiny due to food safety issues and animal welfare issues. this study involved feeding alfalfa mixed with laye ... | 2005 | 15782903 |
| investigations on the effects of ca-soap of linseed oil on rumen fermentation in sheep and on milk composition of goats. | six rumen-cannulated wethers were fed by a diet composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate and supplemented by 75 g ca-soap of linseed oil (5.4% in dry matter, dm) daily. a model trial was performed to detect the effects of the ca-soap on rumen fermentation parameters and on fibre digestion. approximately 3 h after feeding ca-soap, ratio of c2:c3 decreased (from 4.33 to 4.02) and the production of i- and n-butyrate and i- and n-valeriate increased by 28, 5.3, 11.76% and 6.80% respectively. total vo ... | 2005 | 15787990 |
| insights into heme-based o2 sensing from structure-function relationships in the fixl proteins. | fixl proteins are bacterial heme-containing signal transduction proteins responsible for sensing the o(2) concentration in the organism's environment. in sinorhizobium meliloti fixl is a protein histidine kinase that, together with its response regulator fixj, constitute an oxygen-sensitive switch for regulation of the organism's nitrogen fixation and microaerobic respiration genes. the o(2) sensitivity of the switch is such that it transitions during the process of symbiosis in alfalfa roots. b ... | 2005 | 15811514 |
| dispersal and evolution of the sinorhizobium meliloti group ii rmint1 intron in bacteria that interact with plants. | group ii introns are both self-splicing rnas and mobile retroelements found in bacterial and archaeal genomes and in organelles of eukaryotes. they are thought to be the ancestors of eukaryote spliceosomal introns and non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons. we show here that rmint1, a bacterial group ii intron first described in the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of alfalfa (medicago sativa) sinorhizobium meliloti, is also present in other sinorhizobium and rhizobium species. the intron-homing site ... | 2005 | 15814827 |
| individual intake and antiparasitic efficacy of free choice mineral containing fenbendazole for grazing steers. | a 95-day study (june 25-september 27, 2001) was conducted using 120 steers (311.9+/-2.4 kg) randomly allocated to two treatments: (1) mineral containing 0.55% fenbendazole (fbz) and (2) control, no fbz in the mineral. animals in the fbz group were individually identified by an electronic tag that was read each time an animal attended the mineral feeder. the feeder was equipped with load cells that enabled individual mineral intakes to be estimated. the fbz group was provided with non-medicated m ... | 2005 | 15817200 |
| evaluation of the conformational switch model for alfalfa mosaic virus rna replication. | key elements of the conformational switch model describing regulation of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) replication (r. c. olsthoorn, s. mertens, f. t. brederode, and j. f. bol, embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999) have been tested using biochemical assays and functional studies in nontransgenic protoplasts. although comparative sequence analysis suggests that the 3' untranslated regions of amv and ilarvirus rnas have the potential to fold into pseudoknots, we were unable to confirm that a proposed pseudokno ... | 2005 | 15827189 |
| coat protein activation of alfalfa mosaic virus replication is concentration dependent. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and ilarvirus rnas are infectious only in the presence of the viral coat protein; therefore, an understanding of coat protein's function is important for defining viral replication mechanisms. based on in vitro replication experiments, the conformational switch model states that amv coat protein blocks minus-strand rna synthesis (r. c. olsthoorn, s. mertens, f. t. brederode, and j. f. bol, embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999), while another report states that coat protein prese ... | 2005 | 15827190 |
| effects of short-term feed deprivation and melatonin implants on circadian patterns of leptin in the horse. | leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that influences hypothalamic mechanisms regulating appetite and energy balance. in species tested thus far, including horses, concentrations of leptin increase as animal fat mass increases. the variables and mechanisms that influence the secretion of leptin are not well known, nor is it known in equine species how the secretion of leptin is influenced by acute alterations in energy balance, circadian patterns, and/or reproductive competence. ... | 2005 | 15827247 |
| splanchnic metabolism of nitrogenous compounds and urinary nitrogen excretion in steers fed alfalfa under conditions of increased absorption of ammonia and l-arginine supply across the portal-drained viscera. | effects of increased ammonia and/or arginine absorption across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) on net splanchnic (pdv and liver) metabolism of nitrogenous compounds and urinary n excretion were investigated in six catheterized hereford x angus steers (501 +/- 1 kg bw) fed a 75% alfalfa:25% (as-fed basis) corn-soybean meal diet (0.523 mj of me/[kg bw(0.75).d]) every 2 h without (27.0 g of n/kg of dietary dm) and with 20 g of urea/kg of dietary dm (35.7 g of n/kg of dietary dm) in a split-plot de ... | 2005 | 15827253 |
| splanchnic metabolism of nutrients and hormones in steers fed alfalfa under conditions of increased absorption of ammonia and l-arginine supply across the portal-drained viscera. | effects of increased ammonia and/or arginine absorption on net splanchnic (portal-drained viscera [pdv] plus liver) metabolism of nonnitrogenous nutrients and hormones in cattle were examined. six hereford x angus steers (501 +/- 1 kg bw) prepared with vascular catheters for measurements of net flux across the splanchnic bed were fed a 75% alfalfa:25% (as-fed basis) corn and soybean meal diet (0.523 mj of me/[kg bw(0.75).d]) every 2 h without (27.0 g of n/kg of dm) and with 20 g of urea/kg of dm ... | 2005 | 15827254 |
| improving the nutritional value of oat hulls for ruminant animals with pretreatment of a multienzyme cocktail: in vitro studies. | relatively high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid in oat hulls, mainly ferulic acid, are believed to be inhibitory to digestion by ruminal microorganisms. ferulic acid is produced via the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and covalently cross-linked to polysaccharides by ester bonds and to components of lignin, mainly by ether bonds. ferulic acid also forms dimers or trimers. as a result, polysaccharides become extensively cross-linked by ferulate dimerization or trimerization and incorporation ... | 2005 | 15827258 |
| ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter and fiber in growing steers for common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern arkansas. | southern crabgrass (digitaria ciliaris [retz.] koel.) is often viewed as an undesirable weed, largely because it encroaches upon field and forage crops, gardens, and lawns. however, visual observations of livestock grazing mixed-species pastures suggest that cattle seem to prefer crabgrass to many other summer forages. the objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between july 11, and august 22, 2001, and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearan ... | 2005 | 15827259 |
| dietary manipulation in dairy cattle: laboratory experiments to assess the influence on ammonia emissions. | improvements to the efficiency of dietary nitrogen use by lactating dairy cattle can be made by altering the concentration and form of protein in the diet. this study collected urine and feces from dairy cows from selected crude protein (cp) treatments of 2 lactation studies. in the first trial, collections were made from cattle fed a diet with high (19.4%) or low (13.6%) cp content (hcp and lcp, respectively). in the second trial, collections were made from cattle fed diets in which the forage ... | 2005 | 15829670 |
| digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique. | the disappearance of dry matter (dm), crude protein (cp), and amino acids (aa) in steers after rumen incubation and intestinal passage of alfalfa hay, barley hay, corn silage, barley grain, corn grain, wheat bran, meat meal, fish meal, cottonseed meal, and soybean meal were measured in 3 steers using a mobile nylon bag technique. ruminal degradation of individual aa differed between feedstuffs. for barley hay and corn silage, the ruminal disappearance of total aa was higher and lower than the ot ... | 2005 | 15829674 |
| consumer acceptability of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched milk and cheddar cheese from cows grazing on pasture. | two experiments were conducted to study the consumer acceptability attributes of conjugated linoleic acid (cla)-enriched milk and cheese from cows grazing on pasture. in experiment 1, 15 cows were fed either a diet containing 51% alfalfa hay plus corn silage and 49% concentrate [total mixed ration (tmr)], were grazed on pasture, or were grazed on pasture and received 3.2 kg/d of a grain mix. the grain mix contained 75% full-fat extruded soybeans (ffes), 10% corn, 10% beet pulp, and 5% molasses. ... | 2005 | 15829677 |
| foraging in chemically diverse environments: energy, protein, and alternative foods influence ingestion of plant secondary metabolites by lambs. | interactions among nutrients and plant secondary metabolites (psm) may influence how herbivores mix their diets and use food resources. we determined intake of a food containing a mix of terpenoids identified in sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) when present in isoenergetic diets of increasing concentrations of protein (6, 9, 15, or 21% cp) or in isonitrogenous diets of increasing concentrations of energy (2.17, 2.55, 3.30, or 3.53 mcal/kg). lambs were offered choices between those diets with or ... | 2005 | 15839485 |
| comparisons of molting diets on skeletal quality and eggshell parameters in hens at the end of the second egg-laying cycle. | a study was conducted to evaluate skeletal quality and eggshell parameters of molted hens at the end of the second laying cycle. sixty single comb white leghorn hens were used for this study. there were 2 controls and 4 molting treatments: full-fed control 1 (82 wk old; ff1), full-fed control 2 (122 wk old; ff2), feed withdrawal (fw), 100% alfalfa (a100), 90% alfalfa/10% layer ration (a90), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (a70). at the end of the second laying cycle (approximately 122 wk of age ... | 2005 | 15844806 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a rab-binding gdp-dissociation inhibitor from medicago truncatula. | we have isolated and sequenced the full-length cdna of a gdp-dissociation inhibitor (gdi) from the model legume medicago truncatula l. the cdna (mtgdi) contains an open reading frame of 1335 bp, coding for a protein of 444 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 49,785 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows significant homology to other plant gdis, the highest homology being found to gdi from the legume cicer arietinum (96% identity). the mtgdi was expressed as a n-terminal flag-fusi ... | 2005 | 15854828 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl rhizoremediation by pseudomonas fluorescens f113 derivatives, using a sinorhizobium meliloti nod system to drive bph gene expression. | rhizoremediation of organic chemicals requires high-level expression of biodegradation genes in bacterial strains that are excellent rhizosphere colonizers. pseudomonas fluorescens f113 is a biocontrol strain that was shown to be an excellent colonizer of numerous plant rhizospheres, including alfalfa. although a derivative of f113 expressing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) biodegradation genes (f113pcb) has been reported previously, this strain shows a low level of bph gene expression, limiting ... | 2005 | 15870360 |
| transgenic plants for the production of veterinary vaccines. | the expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used in the development of experimental vaccines, particularly oriented to the development of edible vaccines. hence, this technology becomes highly suitable to express immunogenic proteins from pathogens. foot and mouth disease virus, bovine rotavirus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus are considered to be the most important causative agents of economic loss of cattle production in argentina, and they are thus optimal candidate ... | 2005 | 15877600 |
| new features in the genus ilarvirus revealed by the nucleotide sequence of fragaria chiloensis latent virus. | fragaria chiloensis latent virus (fcllv), a member of the genus ilarvirus was first identified in the early 1990s. double-stranded rna was extracted from fcllv infected plants and cloned. the complete nucleotide sequence of the virus has been elucidated. rna 1 encodes a protein with methyltransferase and helicase enzymatic motifs while rna 2 encodes the viral rna dependent rna polymerase and an orf, that shares no homology with other ilarvirus genes. rna 3 codes for movement and coat proteins an ... | 2005 | 15878214 |
| embryonic development within carotenoid-enriched eggs influences the post-hatch carotenoid status of the chicken. | carotenoids in the diet of the laying hen are incorporated into the egg yolk and subsequently into the liver and other tissues of the chicken embryo. since these pigments are known to provide a range of health benefits to a variety of animals, it is of interest to know whether the effects of maternally derived carotenoids are strictly limited to the embryonic period or if they persist in the progeny after hatching. the aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of pre-hatch (from the hen' ... | 2005 | 15886038 |
| effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, metabolism, and indices of athletic performance of exercised horses. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins to mature, exercised horses, and to test the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (gm polymer) in preventing fusarium mycotoxicoses. six mature, mixed-breed mares with an average bw of 530 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 21 d in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design. feed consumed each day was a combination of up to 3.5 kg of ... | 2005 | 15890804 |
| effect of diets containing linoleic acid- or oleic acid-rich oils on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility, and performance and fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissues of finishing cattle. | two trials were conducted to determine the effect of linoleic acid- or oleic acid-rich safflower oil on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion, feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissues of beef cattle. in both trials, cattle were fed a finishing diet based on barley grain, wheat silage, and alfalfa hay. oils were fed at 5% of dietary dm. in a metabolism trial, four ruminally and duodenally cannulated angus crossbred steers were subje ... | 2005 | 15890808 |
| effect of cutting height and genetics on composition, intake, and digestibility of corn silage by beef heifers. | this research was conducted to determine the effect of corn genetics and cutting height on the composition and nutritive characteristics of corn silage. an in situ study involving eight commercially available corn hybrids indicated main effects and interactions (p < 0.01) of hybrid and cutting height on ndf, adf, and starch content and on in situ dm and ndf degradablility. four ruminally cannulated angus heifers (initial bw = 378 +/- 3 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square digestion experiment w ... | 2005 | 15890823 |
| rira is the iron response regulator of the rhizobactin 1021 biosynthesis and transport genes in sinorhizobium meliloti 2011. | the genes encoding the biosynthesis and transport of rhizobactin 1021, a siderophore produced by sinorhizobium meliloti, are negatively regulated by iron. mutagenesis of rira, the rhizobial iron regulator, resulted in abolition of the iron responsive regulation of the biosynthesis and transport genes. bioassay analysis revealed that the siderophore is produced in the presence of iron in a rira mutant. rna analysis and gfp fusions supported the conclusion that rira is the mediator of iron-respons ... | 2005 | 15899411 |
| effects of parity and supply of rumen-degraded and undegraded protein on production and nitrogen balance in holsteins. | eight holstein cows (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to determine milk production response and n balance when diets had no nrc-predicted excess of rumen-undegradable protein (rup) or rumen-degradable protein (rdp), 10% rup excess, 10% rdp excess, or 10% excess of both rup and rdp. diets were fed as a total mixed ration with (dry matter basis) 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, 19 to 21% corn grain, and varying proportions of solvent soybean ... | 2005 | 15905440 |
| effects of a proteolytic feed enzyme on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production. | the effects of exogenous proteolytic enzyme (epe) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and lactational performance were determined using 8 lactating holstein cows in a double 4 x4 latin square experiment with a 2 x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. diets based on barley silage and alfalfa hay as the forage sources were formulated to maintain different forage to concentrate ratios [60:40 vs. 34:66, dry matter (dm) basis]. four dietary treatments were tested: high forage (hf) withou ... | 2005 | 15905444 |
| coat protein enhances translational efficiency of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas and interacts with the eif4g component of initiation factor eif4f. | the three plus-strand genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and the subgenomic messenger for viral coat protein (cp) contain a 5'-cap structure, but no 3'-poly(a) tail. binding of cp to the 3' end of amv rnas is required for efficient translation of the viral rnas and to initiate infection in plant cells. to study the role of cp in translation, plant protoplasts were transfected with luciferase (luc) transcripts with 3'-terminal sequences consisting of the 3' untranslated region of amv rna ... | 2005 | 15914864 |
| expression of the nodulation gene nod c of rhizobium meliloti in escherichia coli: role of the nod c gene product in nodulation. | the nod c gene of rhizobium meliloti encodes a protein of mol. wt. 44 000 which is highly conserved in at least three rhizobium species. in order to overproduce this protein, a gene fusion of lambda ci repressor sequences to a large fragment of nod c was constructed. the fusion was placed under control of the tac promoter on plasmid pea305 to yield pjs1035. iptg-induced escherichia coli cells harbouring pjs1035 accumulated the ci-nod c hybrid protein up to 19% of total cellular protein. the synt ... | 1985 | 15929218 |
| [alfalfa growth and its relation with soil water status in loess hilly and gully region]. | this paper studied the dynamics of alfalfa growth and its relation with the excessive depletion and resumption of soil water in loess hilly and gully region. the results showed that alfalfa could grow in this region for 10 years, being most flourishing at the forth and fifth year, but declined gradually because of the excessive depletion of soil water. from 0 to 35 cm above ground, the stem biomass was higher than the leaf biomass, and the ratio of stem to leaf was 1.7:1; at 40 cm above ground, ... | 2005 | 15943352 |
| [dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in alfalfa-crop rotated farmland in semiarid area of northwest china]. | pasture-crop rotation is regarded as a key planting system in the semiarid area of china's loess plateau. this paper studied the dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter within the two years of alfalfa-crop rotation. the results showed that in comparing with continuous alfalfa planting, alfalfa-crop rotation induced a decline of soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents by 5.4% and 19.5%, and 46.8% and 28.2%, respectively, in the first and second year, but no significant di ... | 2005 | 15943353 |
| pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe (oryctolagus cuniculus). | pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is an infrequent condition of animals characterized by the existence of numerous thin-walled, gas-filled cystic structures within the intestinal wall and adjacent lymph nodes. microscopically, the cystic structures appear to be dilated lymphatics located in the lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes. this report describes a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe from an organic farm wher ... | 2005 | 15945383 |
| effect of forage legumes and anthelmintic treatment on the performance, nutritional status and nematode parasites of grazing lambs. | recent studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (medicago sativa), red clover (trifolium pratense) and white clover (trifo ... | 2005 | 15946801 |
| effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (hmb) and its isopropyl ester on milk production and composition by holstein cows. | the esterification of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (hmb) to isopropanol (hmbi) decreases the rate and extent of its ruminal breakdown. the modes of action of hmb and hmbi appear to be different. the quantification of the production response to hmbi has not been done. the objectives of this study were (1) to determine the lactation response to hmb, (2) to determine the lactation response to hmbi, and (3) to evaluate whether the response to hmbi is affected by hmb in the diet. sixty-one ... | 2005 | 15956311 |
| effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. | eight continuous culture fermentors inoculated with ruminal liquor from heifers fed a 50:50 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet (17.6% crude protein, 28.0% neutral detergent fiber) were used in 3 replicated periods to study the effects of cinnamaldehyde (cin) and garlic oil (gar) on rumen microbial fermentation. treatments were no additive (negative control); 1.25 mg/l (mon) and 12.5 mg/l (mon10) of the ionophore antibiotic monensin (positive control); 31.2 mg/l cin (cin) and 312 mg/l (cin10) of cin; a ... | 2005 | 15956313 |
| varying protein and starch in the diet of dairy cows. i. effects on ruminal fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients. | the main objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of the percentage and source of crude protein (cp) and the amount of starch in the diet of dairy cows on ruminal fermentation, nutrient passage to the small intestine, and nutrient digestibility. for this purpose, 6 multiparous holstein cows fistulated in the rumen and duodenum that averaged 73 d in milk were used in a 6 x 6 latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. two sources of cp [solvent-extracted s ... | 2005 | 15956316 |
| varying protein and starch in the diet of dairy cows. ii. effects on performance and nitrogen utilization for milk production. | the main objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of the percentage and source of crude protein (cp) and the amount of starch in the diet of dairy cows on the lactational performance and use of n for milk production. sixty multiparous holstein cows were used in a 210-d lactational trial with a completely randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. two sources of cp [solvent-extracted soybean meal (sbm) and a mixture of sbm and a blend of animal-marine prote ... | 2005 | 15956317 |
| the effect of diets on milk production and composition, and on lactation curves in pastured dairy goats. | a 2-yr study investigated effects of different levels of concentrate supplementation on milk production, composition, and lactation curves in pastured dairy goats. for both years, 44 alpine goats (capra hircus; 55 +/- 11 kg body weight) were randomly allocated to 4 groups. animals were supplemented with 0.66 (treatments a and b), 0.33 (treatment c), or 0 kg of concentrate (treatment d) per kg of milk over 1.5 kg/d. mixed vegetative forages were rotationally grazed by the goats (treatments b, c, ... | 2005 | 15956322 |
| changes in ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in growing holstein heifers from 80 to 250 kg fed high-concentrate diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios. | six holstein heifers (initial bw = 65.2 +/- 1.8 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a repeated measures trial to assess the effect of age and forage-to-concentrate ratio on ruminal fermentation end products and in situ degradation kinetics of four plant protein supplements (soybean meal, sunflower meal, peas, and lupin seeds). alfalfa hay also was incubated in situ to estimate ndf degradation. three experimental periods were conducted at 13, 27, and 41 wk of age. heifers were fed one o ... | 2005 | 15956470 |
| temporally distinct escherichia coli 0157 outbreaks associated with alfalfa sprouts linked to a common seed source--colorado and minnesota, 2003. | escherichia coli o157 outbreaks were identified in minnesota in february 2003 involving seven persons and in colorado in july 2003 involving 13 persons. case isolates from the two states had matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. independent case-control studies linked infections in each outbreak with eating alfalfa sprouts that were traced to the same seed distributor. the colorado sprouter reportedly complied with the food and drug administration (fda) sprout guidance, wher ... | 2005 | 15962550 |
| two new sinorhizobium meliloti lysr-type transcriptional regulators required for nodulation. | the establishment of an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and its legume host alfalfa (medicago sativa) depends on the timely expression of nodulation genes that are controlled by lysr-type regulators. ninety putative genes coding for lysr-type transcriptional regulators were identified in the recently sequenced s. meliloti genome. all 90 putative lysr genes were mutagenized using plasmid insertions as a first step toward determining their roles in symbiosis. two ... | 2005 | 15968067 |
| efficiency of echinacea purpurea on performance and immune status in pigs. | the aim of the present investigation was to examine the inclusion of the dried herb echinacea purpurea (l.) moench as feed additive in diets of sows, piglets, and grower/finisher pigs on growth performance, blood picture, plasma enzymes including proliferation of lymphocytes, antibody status, and protein and immune globulin content of colostrum. the control groups were supplemented with alfalfa meal. the sows (total 36) received 0%, 1.2%, or 3.6% echinacea cobs in the diet from day 85 to day 110 ... | 2005 | 15972074 |
| [cloning, deletion and functional analysis of noea from sinorhizobium meliloti 042bm]. | 042bm noea was obtained by pcr. it is identical to that of s. meliloti 1021 at 99% level, and similarity of their noea is 97%. in addition, it was found that this protein shares significant homology with the sam-dependent methyltransferase of mesorhizobium sp. bnc1 (32% similarity), and the similarity of its 303-362 region to the 160- 220 region of ll11 methyltransferases of e. coli (prma) is 41%. compared to 042bm, the noea deletion mutant 042bma-km showed different degrees of increase in numbe ... | 2005 | 15989259 |
| oral immunization with pbsvp6-transgenic alfalfa protects mice against rotavirus infection. | a critical factor in edible plant-derived vaccine development is adequate expression of the exogenous antigens in transgenic plants. we synthesized a codon-optimized gene (svp6) encoding the vp6 protein of human group a rotavirus and inserted it into the alfalfa genome using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. as much as 0.28% of the total soluble protein of the pbsvp6-transgenic alfalfa was svp6. female balb/c mice were gavaged weekly with 10 mg of transgenic alfalfa extract containing 24 mi ... | 2005 | 15992851 |
| metabolic engineering of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in alfalfa. | the potential health benefits of dietary isoflavones have generated considerable interest in engineering the synthesis of these phytoestrogens into plants. genistein glucoside production (up to 50 nmol g(-1) fresh weight) was engineered in alfalfa (medicago sativa) leaves by constitutive expression of isoflavone synthase from medicago truncatula (mtifs1). glucosides of biochanin a (4'-o-methylgenistein) and pratensein (3'-hydroxybiochanin a) also accumulated. although mtifs1 was highly expressed ... | 2005 | 16006598 |
| effects of gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, alpha-copaene, and alpha-terpinene on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep. | although plant secondary chemistry influences shrub consumption by free-ranging ruminants, the effects of many specific compounds on herbivores have not been examined. we conducted four experiments to examine effects of individual terpenes on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs. forty-five lambs were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, alpha-copaene, or alpha-terpinene at one of five concentrations in an ethanol carrier. treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10x) were ... | 2005 | 16024718 |
| utilization of phosphorus in lactating cows fed varying amounts of phosphorus and sources of fiber. | this study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary p content and fiber source on p utilization. four dietary treatments were formed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. the p content was 0.32 or 0.44%, and the fiber source was varied by substituting 10% soyhulls for 6% alfalfa hay on a dry matter (dm) basis. diets also contained approximately 50% corn silage and alfalfa silage for all treatments. the diets were fed to 32 early to midlactation holsteins for 10 wk. fecal p excretion was est ... | 2005 | 16027200 |
| rumen fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients in dairy cows fed rumen-protected soy products. | four multiparous lactating holstein cows that were fistulated in the rumen and duodenum and that averaged 205 d in milk were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the practical replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal (ssbm) with soy protein products of reduced ruminal degradability. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 15% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, 34.3 to 36.9% corn grain, 19.4% soy products, 18.2% crude protein, 25.5% neutral detergent fiber, and 35.3% starch. in ... | 2005 | 16027203 |
| a survey of selected heavy metal concentrations in wisconsin dairy feeds. | heavy metals such as zinc (zn), copper (cu), chromium (cr), arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) are potential bioaccumulative toxins of the dairy production system. the heavy metal content of dairy feeds, however, remains poorly documented, particularly in the united states. this survey determined the heavy metal content of 203 typical dairy ration components sampled from 54 dairy farms in wisconsin. lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in homegrown alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay ... | 2005 | 16027206 |
| selection of bacteria and plant seeds for potential use in the remediation of diesel contaminated soils. | enumeration and recovery of the dominant bacteria from a chronically fuel contaminated soil has been investigated. bacterial counts from these polluted soils ranged between 0.70x10(8) and 28.20x10(8) cfu/g soil. three different types of bacterial colonies have been recovered on the agar plates. biochemical examination of the recovered bacteria revealed that they mainly belonged to the genus pseudomonas, micrococcus and bacillus. turbidity, cell biomass (dry weight basis), and physical appearance ... | 2005 | 16028197 |
| use of suppression-subtractive hybridization to identify genes in the burkholderia cepacia complex that are unique to burkholderia cenocepacia. | we have previously shown differences in virulence between species of the burkholderia cepacia complex using the alfalfa infection model and the rat agar bead chronic infection model. burkholderia cenocepacia strains were more virulent in these two infection models than burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia stabilis strains. in order to identify genes that may account for the increased virulence of b. cenocepacia, suppression-subtractive hybridization was performed between b. cenocepacia k56- ... | 2005 | 16030222 |
| suspected photosensitisation in lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus). | suspected photosensitisation occurred in three groups of lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus c.v. grasslands goldie). in one group, sucking lambs aged about 10 weeks, grazing birdsfoot trefoil, developed skin lesions while lambs of a similar age and from the same flock grazing lucerne (medicago sativa) or a mixed sward of both species showed no signs of photosensitisation. affected lambs had lesions on their backs and ears. in a few animals the tips of the ears were shortened by ... | 1995 | 16031826 |
| role of trehalose transport and utilization in sinorhizobium meliloti--alfalfa interactions. | genes thua and thub in sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021 code for a major pathway for trehalose catabolism and are induced by trehalose but not by related structurally similar disaccharides like sucrose or maltose. s. meliloti strains mutated in either of these two genes were severely impaired in their ability to grow on trehalose as the sole source of carbon. thua and thub show no homology to any known enzymes in trehalose utilization. thua has similarity to proteins of unknown function in mesorhiz ... | 2005 | 16042015 |
| guab activity is required in rhizobium tropici during the early stages of nodulation of determinate nodules but is dispensable for the sinorhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiotic interaction. | the guab mutant strain rhizobium tropici ciat8999-10t is defective in symbiosis with common bean, forming nodules that lack rhizobial content. in order to investigate the timing of the guab requirement during the nodule formation on the host common bean by the strain ciat899-10.t, we constructed gene fusions in which the guab gene is expressed under the control of the symbiotic promoters noda, baca, and nifh. our data indicated that the guab is required from the early stages of nodulation becaus ... | 2005 | 16042020 |