| the role of c5 and t-cell receptor vb genes in susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is a rodent arthritis model in which immunization with heterologous type ii collagen induces an inflammatory polyarthritis. susceptibility to the disease is mediated by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes as well as genes at other loci. previous studies of the swr/j mouse strain, which is resistant to cia despite bearing the susceptible h-2q haplotype, have suggested that this resistance is the result of a deletion of t-cell receptor (tcr) vb gene segmen ... | 1991 | 1855815 |
| in vitro effect of phyllanthus amarus on hepatitis b virus. | to evaluate the effects of p. amarus on hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigens and hbv-dna, initial ethanolic extract and subsequent fractions of the plants were prepared. the whole plant material was dried, powdered and extracted with alcohol and subsequently fractionated in hexane, chloroform, butanol and finally in water. all the material were tested for in vitro effects on hbsag, hbeag and hbv-dna in serum samples positive for hbv antigens followed by the screening of respective antigens by elisa. ... | 1991 | 1855821 |
| microbiological evaluation of female patients in std clinics. | a total of 215 women patients attending the std clinic were evaluated in an attempt to isolate the different microorganisms in sexually transmitted diseases (std). mycoplasmas (30.22%), candida species (20.00%), trichomonas vaginalis (wet mount study; 15.81%), beta haemolytic streptococci (13.48%), neisseria gonorrhoeae (9.30%), staphylococcus aureus (13.95%), inclusion bodies of chlamydia trachomatis (11.60%) and gram negative organisms (9.30%) were isolated from these patients. sera of all pat ... | 1991 | 1855826 |
| tenth international meeting on n-nitroso compounds, mycotoxins and tobacco smoke: relevance to human cancer. | | 1991 | 1855829 |
| urinary excretion of n-nitrosoproline in relation to consumption of raw and cooked vegetables in a danish rural population. | several recent case-control studies of gastric cancer have demonstrated the protective effect of consumption of vegetables. according to correa's model of gastric carcinogenesis, the initiating agent is n-nitroso compounds either ingested or formed in vivo. in our study of endogenous nitrosation, we measured intragastric formation of n-nitroso compounds in 285 individuals by the nitrosation of proline; in this presentation we analysed the effect of consumption of vegetables on urinary excretion ... | 1991 | 1855843 |
| participation of phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome p450 in the mutagenic activation of n-nitrosopropylamines by liver and lung 9000 g fractions from five animal species and man. | the mutagenicity of nine carcinogenic n-nitrosopropylamines was studied by the ames preincubation assay using 9000 g supernatant (s9) fractions or alcohol dehydrogenase. treatment of animals with polychlorinated biphenyls or phenobarbital resulted in a marked increase in the ability of liver s9 to activate n-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, n-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, n-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine, n-nitrosobis(2-acetoxypropyl)amine, n-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, n-nitros ... | 1991 | 1855888 |
| analysis and pyrolysis of some n-nitrosamino acids in tobacco and tobacco smoke. | a new tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(n-nitrosomethylamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (iso-nnac), has been identified in tobacco, and its structure was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following enrichment of a tobacco extract. the levels of iso-nnac ranged from 0.01 to 0.95 ppm. it does not induce dna repair in primary rat hepatocytes and is inactive as a tumorigenic agent in strain a mice. in order to study the fate of nitrosamino acids during smoking, we spiked cigarettes wi ... | 1991 | 1855899 |
| roles of motility and flagellar structure in pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae: analysis of motility mutants in three animal models. | wild-type vibrio cholerae of both el tor and classical biotypes (strains n16961 and 395, respectively) and nonmotile mutant derivatives with and without flagellar structures were characterized in three different animal models: (i) the rabbit ileal loop, (ii) the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (ritard) model, and (iii) the suckling mouse model. both the wild-type strains and nonmotile mutants were toxinogenic in the rabbit ileal loop and the suckling mouse models. however, all of ... | 1991 | 1855990 |
| antibody responses after immunization with killed oral cholera vaccines during the 1985 vaccine field trial in bangladesh. | sera collected during the 1985 oral cholera vaccine trial in matlab, bangladesh, which demonstrated efficacy of a whole cell combined with cholera b subunit vaccine (wc/bs) and a whole cell only vaccine (wc), were analyzed for antitoxin and vibriocidal antibodies. before vaccines were given, antitoxin titers were highest in children, especially those with o blood group, whereas vibriocidal titers rose throughout life. two weeks after three doses of vaccine, geometric mean antitoxin titers were 2 ... | 1991 | 1856488 |
| similarity of the tdh gene-bearing plasmids of vibrio cholerae non-o1 and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the gene encoding a hemolysin similar to the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) of vibrio parahaemolyticus was previously cloned from a plasmid of vibrio cholerae non-o1. the gene (designated as nag-tdh) was subcloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined and compared with reported sequences of the four tdh gene copies encoding tdh, of which three were cloned from the chromosome and one was cloned from a plasmid of v. parahaemolyticus. in the coding region, the nag-tdh gene had 100% homolo ... | 1991 | 1857199 |
| evidence for nonrandom distribution of gd1a ganglioside in rabbit brain microsomal membranes. | gd1a is the major ganglioside of rabbit brain microsomal membranes and occurs mainly with two molecular species, containing the c18:1 (62.3%) and c20:1 (37.7%) long-chain bases. the membranes were exposed to vibrio cholerae (vc) sialidase under conditions where the enzyme hydrolyzed only gd1a (approximately 9%), producing gm1 ganglioside, whereas the other gangliosides remained virtually unaffected. the long-chain-base analysis showed that newly-formed gm1 contained approximately 68% of the c20: ... | 1991 | 1861146 |
| [bacteremia caused by vibrio cholerae non-01]. | | 1991 | 1863628 |
| purified choleragenoid does not induce migrating action potential complex activity in rabbit ileum in vivo. | the migrating action potential complex (mapc), a single ring contraction that propels luminal contents abroad, is elicited by vibrio cholerae and its enterotoxin, choleragen (a1a2b5), in rabbit ileal loops in vivo. choleragenoid (b5; the binding subunit) was shown previously to induce mapcs without activating the adenylate cyclase system and without stimulating fluid output. we restudied purified b5 (extracted by high-performance liquid chromatography) to assess its effects on the myoelectric ac ... | 1991 | 1865362 |
| human serum stimulates endothelin-1 synthesis more potently than prostacyclin production by cultured vascular endothelial cells. | human serum stimulated the synthesis of a vasoconstrictive peptide, endothelin-1 (et-1), and a vasodilatory prostanoid, prostacyclin (pgi2), by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. incubation in 20% concentration of the serum for 24 h stimulated et-1 synthesis almost six-fold while pgi2 production increased two-fold. in addition, a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma), inhibited the serum-induced et-1 produ ... | 1991 | 1865754 |
| [formation of target cells in the immunocompetent organ (spleen) of mice with experimental infection caused by influenza a viruses with various properties]. | the article presents the data on the time-course of formation of ++virus-pecific target-cells in spleens of mice infected with various types of influenza caused by a virulent viral strain and its avirulent ts-mutation. it was demonstrated that these target-cells occurred in all studied patterns of infection. their formation turned to be of cyclic character, dose-dependent and closely related with the formation of all known mechanisms of specific and nonspecific cellular defense. the presentation ... | 1991 | 1866981 |
| [the use of immunoenzyme analysis and the vibriocidal antibody reaction in the serological examination of persons who have had cholera and of those in contact with them]. | the preparation of cholera toxin obtained from vibrio cholerae strain 1310 has been used for producing solid-phase immunosorbent intended for the enzyme immunoassay (eia). the use of eia and the vibriocidal antibody test (vat) in the serological study of former cholera patients and persons having contacts with them has made it possible to show the excess of the antitoxic activity of sera over their vibriocidal activity in all subjects covered by the dynamic study (from 5-14 days to 8-10 months). ... | 1991 | 1867031 |
| [the absence of differences between el tor cholera and classical cholera]. | | 1991 | 1867040 |
| enterotoxigenicity of human and animal isolates of campylobacter jejuni in ligated rat ileal loops. | human and animal isolates of campylobacter jejuni were tested for enterotoxigenicity in ligated loop of charles-foster rats. of 21 isolates, 13 were proved to be toxin-positive in the initial experiments. however, the remaining 8 required one to three passages through the rat ileal loop before showing the capacity to produce enterotoxin. all isolates caused fluid accumulation comparable with the amount produced by the standard toxigenic strain of vibrio cholerae 01 1naba 569b. the isolates of c. ... | 1991 | 1869798 |
| non-01 vibrio cholerae--nova scotia. | | 1991 | 1873848 |
| interleukin-1 inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 expression in primary cultures of leydig cells. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is a potent inhibitor of leydig cell function. we have reported that il-1 inhibited hcg-induced camp and testosterone formation. in the present study we evaluated the effect of il-1 on leydig cell cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 (p450scc) mrna levels. p450scc is the rate-limiting enzyme for leydig cell steroidogenesis. highly purified leydig cells were prepared from adult sprague-dawley male rats (55-65 day-old) using the combination of elutriation and percol ... | 1991 | 1874173 |
| interleukin-1 inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 expression in primary cultures of leydig cells. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is a potent inhibitor of leydig cell function. we have reported that il-1 inhibited hcg-induced camp and testosterone formation. in the present study we evaluated the effect of il-1 on leydig cell cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 (p450scc) mrna levels. p450scc is the rate-limiting enzyme for leydig cell steroidogenesis. highly purified leydig cells were prepared from adult sprague-dawley male rats (55-65 day-old) using the combination of elutriation and percol ... | 1991 | 1874173 |
| different patterns of behavior produced by haloperidol, pentobarbital, and dantrolene in tests of unconditioned locomotion and operant responding. | three motor-impairing drugs with different putative mechanisms of action (haloperidol 0.00, 0.075, 0.15, 0.30 mg/kg ip; pentobarbital 0.00, 4.5, 9, 12 mg/kg ip; and dantrolene 0.00, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg ip) produced strikingly similar patterns of dose-dependent attenuation in unconditioned locomotor behavior. however, the same drugs and doses produced highly divergent patterns of disruption when tested using different groups of rats in a food-rewarded operant task, which included both response initi ... | 1991 | 1876659 |
| genetic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from the western hemisphere. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic relationships among and between toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 obtained from patients and the environment in the us gulf coast and surrounding areas. a total of 23 toxigenic and 23 non-toxigenic strains were examined. all the toxigenic and 7 of the non-toxigenic strains had the same alleles at 16 enzyme loci, whereas the balance of the nontoxigenic strains had 9 distinct combinations of alleles. this study ... | 1991 | 1879486 |
| some differential growth characteristics of vibrio cholerae and vibrio metschnikovii in liquid medium. | some differential growth characteristics for vibrio cholerae and vibrio metschnikovii were examined in a liquid medium with reference to ph and ionic strength, as well as temperature and length of incubation. the purpose was to discover the combination of the above conditions which would enable selective replication of v. cholerae accompanied by suppressed growth of v. metschnikovii. preliminary routine verification of one combination of conditions which involves a lengthening of incubation to 2 ... | 1991 | 1880408 |
| [studies on the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o1 vibrio cholerae. i. enteropathogenicity of clinical and environmental isolates]. | enteropathogenicity and plasmid dna of clinical and environmental isolates of non-o1 v. cholerae were examined. results were as follows: 1). the frequencies of enteropathogenic strains judged by the results from both ligated rabbit ileal loop (ril) and suckling mouse tests were 36/38 (95%) for isolates from overseas travellers, 15/15 (100%) for isolates from food poisoning, 33/44 (75%) for isolates from fish and sea water, and 1/10 (10%) for isolates from river water. 2). plasmid dna was detecte ... | 1991 | 1880441 |
| toxigenic vibrio cholerae non-o:1 isolated from a goat in the netherlands. | a case of enterotoxicosis in a goat at necropsy is described. the animal had died without clinical signs. toxigenic vibrio cholerae non-o:1 was isolated from the intestines. this species has not been reported earlier from healthy or diseased farm animals, such as goats, in the netherlands. | 1991 | 1882490 |
| [an oral chemical vaccine from the hypertoxigenic strains of the causative agent of cholera km-76 inaba and km-68 ogawa]. | the material on the development of chemical vaccine, prepared from two newly formed strains (km-76 inaba and km-68 ogawa) and intended for oral administration, is presented. the conditions for the submerged cultivation of these strains have been established, which makes it possible to increase the production of choleragen 8- to 10-fold and o-antigen 3- to 4-fold in comparison with v. cholerae natural strain 569b. the maximum accumulation of neuraminidase, protease, phospholipase, along with chol ... | 1991 | 1882603 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the ct operon of the vibrio cholerae classical strain 569b. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the vibrio cholerae classical strain 569b was determined. the results prove the exactness of the amino acid ct b sequence published by takao et al. (1985, eur. j. biochem. 146, 503-508). a comparison is made with already reported ct genes. | 1991 | 1883840 |
| energy turnover and heat exchange in mature lean and obese zucker rats acutely exposed to three environmental temperatures for 24 hours. | differences between lean (fa/?, n = 6) and obese (fa/fa, n = 6) mature male zucker rats' energy turnover and heat storage were compared during a 24-h period when the animals were exposed to ambient temperatures of 30, 15 or 5 degrees c. energy turnover was examined through measurements of heat production rates via indirect calorimetry and heat loss rates via direct calorimetry. heat storage rates were calculated as the difference between heat production and heat loss rates. predicted heat storag ... | 1991 | 1885262 |
| the protein sequence responsible for lipoprotein membrane localization in escherichia coli exhibits remarkable specificity. | structural information defining an n-terminal sequence required for the membrane sorting of bacterial lipoproteins has been previously garnered through the study of a hybrid outer membrane (om) lipo-beta-lactamase (ll) (ghrayeb and inouye (1984) j. biol. chem. 259, 463-467). introduction of an aspartate as the second residue of mature ll (d2 mutant) causes an inner membrane (im) localization of this protein (yamaguchi, k., yu, f., and inouye, m. (1988) cell 53, 423-432). introduction of as aspar ... | 1991 | 1885579 |
| mutational analysis of the ligand-binding domain of the prolactin receptor. | the recent isolation and sequencing of the rat liver prolactin (prl) receptor cdna (clone f3) revealed that the receptor is a small molecular weight protein (nonglycosylated form, mr 33,000; glycosylated form, mr 42,000) comprised of 291 amino acids. a second form of the prl receptor exists (591 amino acids) that contains a much longer cytoplasmic domain. in the present study, site-directed point mutations of the 5 conserved cysteine (cys) residues and of the three potential n-linked glycosylati ... | 1991 | 1885580 |
| functional expression of furin demonstrating its intracellular localization and endoprotease activity for processing of proalbumin and complement pro-c3. | we have cloned a rat cdna encoding furin which is structurally related to yeast kex2 protease. products of 88 and 94 kda were obtained by in vitro transcription/translation of the cdna in the absence and presence of microsomes. when the cdna was transfected into cos-1 cells, furin was expressed as a major glycosylated form of 94 kda, accompanied by a minor proteolytic form of 86 kda, and found to be localized in the golgi complex. proalbumin and complement pro-c3 are intracellularly processed in ... | 1991 | 1885622 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis. | two monoclonal antibodies (ft14 and ft2f11) directed against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis were produced for use in tests to detect the organism in environmental samples and clinical specimens. the specificity of the antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. both antibodies detected lps from f. tularensis by elisa, but only one antibody, ft14, was serologically active in an immunoblot. treatment of the lps with detergents ... | 1991 | 1885735 |
| [the genomic fingerprinting of the causative agents of sapronoses]. | the genome polymorphism of the causative agents of sapronoses (vibrio cholerae, legionella and leptospira) has been studied. the use of the method of genome fingerprinting [correction of dactyloscopy] has been shown to permit the differentiation of closely related strains of such causative agents. the epidemically significant strains of the causative agents of sapronoses, isolated in different geographical regions, have been found to be genotypically related, i.e., they are probably of clonal or ... | 1991 | 1887704 |
| [the practical performance of cholera control measures in the ussr during the 7th pandemic]. | the critical analysis of anticholera measures carried out in the ussr since 1965 till the present time is presented. the grounds for the abolition or considerable reduction of a number of measures are considered from the viewpoint of their scientific substantiation, the adequacy of means and efforts spent for their realization and their antiepidemic effectiveness. special attention is paid to the necessity of differentiated approach to these measures, depending on concrete local climatic and geo ... | 1991 | 1887708 |
| the effects of some anti-arthritic drugs and cytokines on the shape and function of rodent macrophages. | non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (nsaid) enhanced the spreading of mouse and rat peritoneal macrophages attached to either plastic or glass. this was probably due to drug inhibition of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production since spreading was also inhibited by adding exogenous pge2. corticosteroids (dexamethasone, cortisol and prednisolone) and some immunosuppressants (6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, but not cyclosporin-a) also enhanced in-vitro spreading of murine peritoneal macrophages. some ... | 1991 | 1888667 |
| dentin dysplasia: review of the literature and a proposed subclassification based on radiographic findings. | the literature is reviewed to determine the radiographic appearance of the reported cases of dentin dysplasia. the sometimes confusing nomenclature is rationalized. four distinct forms of dentin dysplasia type i and one form of dentin dysplasia type ii are identified. there seems to be no need to identify more than two distinct types of this relatively rare inherited defect of human dentin, but a proposed subclassification of type i dentin dysplasia could make identification of the two types eas ... | 1991 | 1891231 |
| periplasmic interaction between two membrane regulatory proteins, toxr and toxs, results in signal transduction and transcriptional activation. | toxr is a transmembrane, dna-binding protein that can activate transcription of genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxab). here we characterize toxs, a 19 kd transmembrane regulatory protein that interacts with toxr and stimulates its activity. if a portion of the periplasmic domain of toxr is deleted, productive interaction with toxs is abolished. a toxr-phoa fusion protein that retains most of the toxr periplasmic region remains dependent on toxs for its toxr activity. toxs protects this fusion fro ... | 1991 | 1898871 |
| gene cluster rpobc1c2 in cyanobacteria does not constitute an operon. | the core enzyme of the cyanobacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase contains a unique component, gamma, which is absent from the corresponding enzymes of other eubacteria. in the heterocystous cyanobacterium nostoc commune the gene encoding gamma, rpoc1, is immediately adjacent to, and downstream of, rpob. the rpoc1 gene, and a 3' adjacent gene, rpoc2, correspond to the single rpoc gene found in escherichia coli with respect to those domains conserved within their translational products. northern ... | 1991 | 1899176 |
| transplants of mouse trisomy 16 hippocampus provide a model of alzheimer's disease neuropathology. | alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, may be attributed to the abnormal expression of gene(s) located on human chromosome 21. genetic linkage studies have narrowed the region of candidate genes to 21q11.2-21q22 of the long arm of this chromosome. several single copy sequences within this region, including the amyloid precursor protein (app), have been mapped to mouse chromosome 16. reliable strategies exist for breeding trisomy 16 mice. howev ... | 1991 | 1899372 |
| monoclonal antibodies against various forms of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic subunit and associated proteins. | monoclonal antibodies against partially purified adenylyl cyclase from bovine brain cortex were raised in mice. three types of antibody were obtained. type 1 was specific for the calmodulin-sensitive enzyme. type ii also recognized this enzyme, but recognized the calmodulin-insensitive enzymes from a variety of species and tissues as well. type i antibodies precipitated their antigens in both the native and denatured forms, while type ii strongly favored the denatured forms. type iii antibodies ... | 1991 | 1899384 |
| monoclonal antibodies against various forms of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic subunit and associated proteins. | monoclonal antibodies against partially purified adenylyl cyclase from bovine brain cortex were raised in mice. three types of antibody were obtained. type 1 was specific for the calmodulin-sensitive enzyme. type ii also recognized this enzyme, but recognized the calmodulin-insensitive enzymes from a variety of species and tissues as well. type i antibodies precipitated their antigens in both the native and denatured forms, while type ii strongly favored the denatured forms. type iii antibodies ... | 1991 | 1899384 |
| pregnancy rates after timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination after human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation of normal ovulatory cycles: a controlled study. | forty-eight patients with male (n = 16) or idiopathic (n = 32) infertility were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin. intrauterine insemination (iui) or natural intercourse were performed after either human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg)-induced or spontaneous, urinary luteinizing hormone (lh) surge-monitored ovulation. a total of 148 cycles were analyzed. in 40 cycles treated with hcg-induced ovulation and iui, 3 (7.5%) patients conceived, whereas 37 women accomplished natural intercours ... | 1991 | 1899393 |
| travelers' diarrhea among united states military personnel during joint american-egyptian armed forces exercises in cairo, egypt. | a study was conducted of travelers' diarrhea in a united states military population on deployment in cairo, egypt, during july and august 1987. acute diarrhea requiring medical attention developed in 183 (4%) of 4,500 troops. a possible etiologic agent was identified in 49% of all diarrhea cases. enteric pathogens associated with cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (17% st-producers, 13% lt-producers, and 3% lt/st-producers); shigella (9%); campylobacter spp. (2%); salmo ... | 1991 | 1900113 |
| kistrin, a polypeptide platelet gpiib/iiia receptor antagonist, enhances and sustains coronary arterial thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine preparation. | kistrin is a 68-amino acid polypeptide from the venom of the malayan pit viper agkistrodon rhodostoma, which inhibits the platelet gpiib/iiia receptor. its effect on thrombolysis, reocclusion, and bleeding associated with administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-pa) was studied in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. | 1991 | 1900221 |
| localization of the human rh blood group gene structure to chromosome region 1p34.3-1p36.1 by in situ hybridization. | a cdna clone, rhixb (1384 bp), encoding the entire protein sequence of a human blood group rh polypeptide has been used to map the rh locus, by in situ hybridization, to the region p34.3-p36.1 of chromosome 1. two other unrelated cdna clones, puca2 (750 bp) and puciii (1600 bp), isolated during the cloning procedure of the rh cdna were investigated simultaneously, and assigned to chromosome 3p21.1-3p22 (clone puca2) and to chromosome 22q12.1-22q13.1 (clone puciii). | 1991 | 1900257 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to outer-membrane-protein antigens of vibrio cholerae o1. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the major, 46-48-kda outer-membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae o1. the hybridoma clones were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with cell-surface proteins of v. cholerae o1 as the coating antigen. four hybridomas, which secreted anti-v. cholerae cell-surface-protein antibodies, were subcloned by limiting dilution and obtained as ascites in vivo. a mab of the igg1 subclass was isolated in good yield from the murine ascites by af ... | 1991 | 1901361 |
| importation of cholera from peru. | | 1991 | 1901377 |
| expression of the vibrio cholerae gene encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase is under control of toxr, the cholera toxin transcriptional activator. | the toxr gene of vibrio cholerae encodes a transcriptional activator required for the expression of the cholera toxin genes (ctxab) and more than 15 other genes encoding secreted or membrane proteins. the latter group includes virulence genes involved in the biogenesis of the tcp pilus, the accessory colonization factor, and such toxr-activated genes as taga, mutations in which cause no detectable virulence defect in the suckling mouse model. to analyze the regulation of expression and the struc ... | 1991 | 1902210 |
| evaluation of energy sources with and without carnitine in newborn pig heart and liver. | the oxidation rate of five energy substrates with and without exogenous addition of carnitine in the heart and liver of 15-h-old nonsuckled piglets was evaluated. oxygen consumption (nmol o2.mg protein-1.min-1) in heart and liver for five substrates were: pyruvate, 0.248, 0.191; palmitoyl-coa, 0.042, 0.034; palmitoyl-carnitine, 0.249, 0.111; isovalerate, 0.084, 0.059; acetoacetate, 0.166, 0.068, respectively. the addition of free carnitine doubled the rate of palmitoyl-coa utilization in both he ... | 1991 | 1904914 |
| the construction of a monoclonal diagnostic system for the field detection of vibrio cholerae. | an enzyme-based double monoclonal field diagnostic system detecting both serotypes of vibrio cholerae has been developed. the system uses nitrocellulose as a solid support, 1.25% skimmed dried milk as blocking reagent, water as washing reagent, and alkaline phosphatase cross-linked to antibody by means of glutaraldehyde as detecting reagent. the sensitivity of the system was 10(5) vibrios/ml. the biotin-avidin system gave sensitivity an order of magnitude weaker. there were no cross-reactions wi ... | 1991 | 1905563 |
| smoking habits and carcinoma of the stomach: a case-control study. | over a period of 8 years, a case-control study was carried out on smoking habits in 117 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and 234 controls, and a significant association of a particular method of smoking with the site of gastric carcinoma was found in the cancer patients. furthermore, there was a highly significant difference in method of smoking between the cancer patients and the control group. the prevalence of smoking habit in the latter was 37%, of which 26% had swallowed the smoke reg ... | 1991 | 1905696 |
| acquired immunity and epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium. | human immune responses to schistosome infection have been characterized in detail. but there has been controversy over the relative importance of ecological factors (variation in exposure to infection) and immunological factors (acquired immunity) in determining the relationships between levels of infection and age typically found in areas where infection is endemic. independent effects of exposure and age on the rates of reinfection with schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy have been demo ... | 1991 | 1905786 |
| absence epilepsy and the level of vigilance in rats of the wag/rij strain. | in man, a relationship exists between sleep-wake states and absence epilepsy. during wakefulness, spike-wave discharges predominantly occur when the level of vigilance is not high, while during sleep they have a preference to occur during slow-wave sleep. during this latter type of sleep, spike-wave discharges prevail in periods where slow-wave sleep is light. in a series of experiments, the wag/rij rat model for absence epilepsy was characterized with respect to the relationships between the le ... | 1991 | 1906586 |
| cholera and vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhoea endemicity in calabar, nigeria. | the microbiological and morbidity profiles of acute diarrhoeal episodes were studied in 881 patients seen at the out-patients department of the university of calabar teaching hospital (ucth), calabar, between january and december, 1988. of a total of 108 (12.3%) culturally confirmed bacterial diarrhoeas, 47 (43.5%) were due to escherichia coli, 33 (30.6%) to vibrios (vibrio cholerae-01; classical and e1 tor biotypes and v. parahaemolyticus), while shigella spp. and salmonella. spp. accounted for ... | 1991 | 1911487 |
| a 67-year-old man with a 1 1/2 year history of progressive left supraclavicular mass. | | 1991 | 1913314 |
| impairment of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in brown adipose tissue and its acute stimulation by cold in selenium deficiency. | the activity of the type ii iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase enzyme in brown adipose tissue has been examined in rats-fed a selenium-deficient diet. iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity was threefold lower in brown adipose tissue of deficient rats than in control animals. the activity of glutathione peroxidase, a biochemical index of selenium deficiency, was also greatly decreased in deficient animals. cytochrome oxidase activity in brown fat was, however, unaltered by selenium deficiency. acute expo ... | 1991 | 1913324 |
| calcium dependence of effects of endothelin on rat mesenteric microvessels. | we investigated the calcium dependence of the effects of endothelin (et) on resistance vessels (less than 300 microns lumen diameter) from the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat, mounted on a wire myograph. et-1 induced a potent sustained contraction with an ed50 of 12 nmol/l. the response to et-3 and big et at the maximum concentrations used (100 nmol/l) was less than 40% of that to et-1, with an estimated ed50 of 45 nmol/l. relaxation of the et-1-induced contraction was slow, and resulted in a ... | 1991 | 1913326 |
| effect of systemic inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on muscle protein balance after trauma in the rat. | anaesthetized rats were subjected to a single impact trauma to the medial aspect of the right hindlimb (gastrocnemius muscle), and were compared with sham-treated controls. for 3 days after injury, muscles of the traumatized limb showed a marked catabolic response. muscle protein repletion commenced after day 3, however, this process was not complete until 21 days after injury. muscles of the uninjured limb of the traumatized rats also showed a distinct catabolic response, compared with rats tha ... | 1991 | 1913329 |
| x-ray inactivation, weigle reactivation, and weigle mutagenesis of the lysogenic vibrio kappa phage. | vibrio cholerae lysogenic kappa phage was inactivated by x-ray (60 kv) in a dose-dependent manner, the inactivation dose leading to 37% survival (d37) in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.4, being 0.36 kgy. the phages were significantly protected against x-ray irradiation when histidine or cysteine or both were present in pbs or when phages were irradiated in nutrient broth. maximum protection was offered when both histidine (10.0 mm) and cysteine (10.0 mm) were present in pbs (dose enhancem ... | 1991 | 1913338 |
| modulation of clostridium difficile induced mortality as a function of the dose and the viability of the saccharomyces boulardii used as a preventative agent in gnotobiotic mice. | the ability of viable and nonviable saccharomyces boulardii to protect gnotobiotic mice from clostridium difficile induced mortality was tested. with the exception of irradiated s. boulardii, which retained some activity, only viable yeast protected the mice from lethality. the survival of c. difficile infected mice was dependent on the dose of the yeast provided in the drinking water. | 1991 | 1913342 |
| image reconstruction reveals the complex molecular organization of adenovirus. | the three-dimensional structure of adenovirus has been determined by image reconstruction from cryo-electron micrographs. comparison with the high resolution x-ray crystal structure of hexon, the major capsid protein, enabled an unusually detailed interpretation of the density map and confirmed the validity of the reconstruction. the hexon packing in the capsid shows more extensive intermolecular interfaces between facets than previously proposed. the reconstruction provides the first three-dime ... | 1991 | 1913814 |
| unsuspected echocardiographic abnormality in the long qt syndrome. diagnostic, prognostic, and pathogenetic implications. | the idiopathic long qt syndrome (lqts) is characterized by electrocardiographic abnormalities and by a high incidence of lethal arrhythmias. the present case/control study demonstrates the frequent occurrence of unusual and specific ventricular wall motion abnormalities in lqts and their association with history of syncope or cardiac arrest. these anomalies were present in 23 of 42 lqts patients (55%) and in two of 42 healthy controls (5%, p less than 0.0001) matched for age, sex, height, and we ... | 1991 | 1914095 |
| bacteriologic studies of food and water consumed by children in myanmar: 1. the nature of contamination. | to isolate major bacterial pathogens from children's food and drinking water, a 3-month study was conducted in a suburban community in yangon, myanmar. from the morning meals and stored drinking water of 208 randomly selected children, 775 food and 113 water samples were collected and were cultured using standard methods. escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae non-01, and salmonella were isolated from 505, 28 and 6 food samples respectively, and e. coli and v. cholerae non-01 were isolated from 29 an ... | 1991 | 1918837 |
| persistence of vibrio cholerae in inter epidemic period--preliminary observations on analysis of water. | out of the 61 water samples collected from hand pumps and wells from cholera endemic areas of varanasi city, vibrio cholerae non 01 was detected in only one sample. however, seven (18.9 per cent) samples out of 37 samples of river water were positive for v. cholerae non 01. none of the samples showed vibrio cholerae. these observations indicate transmission and dilution of vibrio cholerae bacillus in environment. | 1991 | 1918868 |
| [studies on the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o1 vibrio cholerae. ii. lethality, adhesion, colonization and cytopathogenicity of enteropathogenic strains]. | lethality, adhesion, colonization, hemagglutinable activity, invasiveness and cytopathogenicity of non-o1 v. cholerae were compared between enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic strains. the following results were obtained. 1) minimum lethal doses (mld) of enteropathogenic strains were significantly lower than those of non-enteropathogenic strains. 2) there were no differences in adhesive and hemagglutinating activities between enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic strains. 3) a greater ... | 1991 | 1919095 |
| [studies on the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o1 vibrio cholerae. iii. production of enteroreactive toxins]. | cholera toxin gene and production of enteroreactive toxins were examined in 134 strains of non-o1 v. cholerae. results obtained were summarized as follows. frequencies of cholera-toxin-gene-positive strains were 2/58 (3.4%) from human sources and 2/76 (2.6%) from fish and environment. while, frequencies of production of hemolysin, fluid accumulating factor (faf) related with protease, fluid accumulating factor in the suckling mouse, nag-rtdh, nag-st and vero toxin were 100, 72, 31, 2, 0 and 0%, ... | 1991 | 1919109 |
| [cholera toxin producibility by vibrio cholerae isolated during the cholera outbreak in the ntt nagoya hall]. | an outbreak of cholera occurred among guests of the ntt nagoya hall in september 1989. clinical findings showed that all but one were symptomatic infections out of 44 bacteriologically confirmed cases. in relation to the high incidence of symptomatic infections, we examined cholera toxin (ct) producibility of the isolated v. cholerae. 1. strains of the ntt case produced 16-256 (mean 130) ng of ct per ml in caye-l medium at 30 degrees c and 32-256 (mean 142) ng of ct per ml by polymyxin b treatme ... | 1991 | 1919110 |
| [molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o-1 from outbreak and sporadic patients in nagoya in 1989]. | enterotoxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae o-1 biotype eltor, isolated from three sporadic cases of cholera in nagoya in 1989 and an outbreak of cholera in nagoya in 1989 were analyzed for their similarities. all isolates of v. cholerae o-1 were indistinguishable in bacteriophage types, serovars, biovars and drug resistance patterns. because the epidemiological investigation based on a primary structure of chromosomal dna is more reliable, we isolated chromosomal dna from these isolates and comp ... | 1991 | 1919114 |
| [studies on the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o1 vibrio cholerae. iv. role of hemolysin]. | the role of hemolysin in the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o1 v. cholerae was experimentally investigated, in vitro and in vivo. results are summarized as follows. 1). a greater majority of enteropathogenic strains produced hemolysin in eagle mem medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and in the rabbit ileal loop, while most non-enteropathogenic strains did not under the same conditions. 2). non-enteropathogenic mutants derived from enteropathogenic parent strains produced much less hemolys ... | 1991 | 1919122 |
| morphological and immunological changes in the spleen of xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. | | 1991 | 1925006 |
| toxin production by atypical strains of vibrio cholerae e1 tor under different cultural conditions. | it was observed that at 37 degrees c under in vitro conditions, aerobic culture filtrates of a few strains of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor isolated from diarrhoeal cases produced a minute amount of toxin which failed to elicit a positive ileal loop reaction like toxigenic strains. thus, these strains showed an atypical behaviour in their toxin producing ability. at 25 degrees c and 30 degrees c under aerobic cultural conditions enhanced toxin production was noticed in toxigenic strains, but th ... | 1991 | 1930578 |
| activation of murine autoreactive b cells by interleukin 1-like factors released from synovial inflammatory cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. | the effect of interleukin 1 (il-1)-like factor(s), produced by cells isolated from the synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients, on an in vitro murine model of spontaneous autoimmunity, i.e., the development of plaque-forming cells (pfc) to bromelain-treated mouse red blood cells (br-mrbc) in mouse peritoneal cell (pc) cultures, has been investigated. it has been found that il-1-containing culture supernatants from cells isolated from joint fluids of ra patients, as well as recombin ... | 1991 | 1932507 |
| expression of antifreeze proteins in transgenic plants. | the quality of frozen fruits and vegetables can be compromised by the damaging effects of ice crystal growth within the frozen tissue. antifreeze proteins in the blood of some polar fishes have been shown to inhibit ice recrystallization at low concentrations. in order to determine whether expression of genes of this type confers improved freezing properties to plant tissue, we have produced transgenic tobacco and tomato plants which express genes encoding antifreeze proteins. the afa3 antifreez ... | 1991 | 1932678 |
| the full precursor of the 33 kda oxygen-evolving complex protein of wheat is exported by escherichia coli and processed to the mature size. | a full-length cdna encoding the precursor of the lumenal 33 kda oxygen-evolving complex protein from wheat was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector. cell-free transcription-translation of this construct generates a precursor protein of the correct size. however, when expressed in escherichia coli, the protein is quantitatively exported into the periplasm and processed to the mature size. the results indicate that the thylakoid transfer sequence of this precursor can function as an inter ... | 1991 | 1932696 |
| microvessel diameter estimation: error bias correction of serial measurements. | the assessment of vessel patency can be substantially improved by serial microvessel diameter measurements taken successively along an extensive length of the vessel. it is possible to avoid making the a priori assumptions about the existence or location of local constriction sites implicit in single diameter measurements. the problem then becomes one of making sense of tens or hundreds of measurements for each vessel. equivalent diameter is defined here as as the diameter of a uniform circular ... | 1991 | 1932720 |
| effect of cadmium-mobilizing dithiocarbamates on essential trace metal metabolism in rats. | | 1991 | 1932858 |
| drug use during breast-feeding. | the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic factors involved in transfer of drugs into breast milk are reviewed. passage of drugs into milk can best be viewed as a two-compartment system. various ratios of the drug concentration values in the two compartments and ratios of maternal-to-infant intake have been described. knowledge of the limitations of these methods is necessary to properly interpret and apply the literature on drug excretion into breast milk. factors involved in choosing a drug for a ... | 1991 | 1934918 |
| transformation of vibrio cholerae by plasmid dna. | the lack of an efficient transformation system in vibrio cholerae was a handicap in the genetic manipulation of this important human pathogen. since v. cholerae cells secrete dnases, this may interfere with the uptake of dna. the present report describes the approaches taken for transforming v. cholerae cells with plasmid dna, by overcoming this dnase barrier. the partial success of transforming dnase-negative mutants confirmed the role of dnase in the nontransformability of the wild-type cells. ... | 1991 | 1936999 |
| neonatal cholera in a hospital born baby. | | 1991 | 1937624 |
| inhibition of chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to interleukin-8 by endotoxins of various bacteria. | the effects of endotoxins from various bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhosa, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) on chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to formyl peptide and interleukin-8 were tested in an improved chemotaxis assay involving a "sparse-pore" polycarbonate (nuclepore) membrane in a boyden-type chamber. the possible chemotactic activity of the endotoxins themselves were tested by the same technique. in addition, the effec ... | 1991 | 1937782 |
| evaluation of the rosco system for the identification of listeria species. | the rosco system was used to identify previously confirmed isolates of the seven currently recognised species of listeria. these included reference cultures and recent isolates from clinical material, food products and environmental sources. the system identified all correctly. results were obtained after 4 h if heavy inocula, as suggested by the manufacturers, were used. the method may be used to aid identification of isolates of listeria from clinical and non-clinical specimens and would be of ... | 1991 | 1941987 |
| analysis of structure and function of the b subunit of cholera toxin by the use of site-directed mutagenesis. | oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of ctxb was used to produce mutants of cholera toxin b subunit (ct-b) altered at residues cys-9, gly-33, lys-34, arg-35, cys-86 and trp-88. mutants were identified phenotypically by radial passive immune haemolysis assays and genotypically by colony hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. mutant ct-b polypeptides were characterized for immunoreactivity, binding to ganglioside gm1, ability to associate with the a subunit, ability to form holotoxin, ... | 1991 | 1943708 |
| [the austrian vaccination plan]. | in march 1991 the supreme board of health issued new recommendations for immunization of children which are basically similar to those issued in 1989, but were partially reformulated. again, bcg vaccination is not generally recommended and should be given only to individuals at high risk of contracting the disease. it is therefore not listed any more in the general recommendations (a) but only mentioned under special vaccinations (b). special indications for bcg vaccination were clearly reformul ... | 1991 | 1949818 |
| [the types of the epidemic manifestations of cholera on the territory of the ussr]. | on the basis of the analysis of cholera cases for the period of 1965-1989 three main main types of epidemic manifestations of this infection on the territory of the ussr were determined with due attention to the complex of data, characterizing the intensity and types of the epidemic process, the danger of the outbreak and spread of cholera. this made it possible to differentiate and decrease the complex of prophylactic measures, depending on the type of the territory. | 1991 | 1950282 |
| human [74se]selenomethionine metabolism: a kinetic model. | a study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics of an organically bound form of selenium. six adults received a single oral 200-micrograms dose of 74se as l-selenomethionine. a kinetic model was developed to simultaneously account for the appearance and disappearance of the tracer in plasma, urine, and feces. the model included absorption distributed along the gastrointestinal tract, uptake by the liver-pancreas subsystem, enterohepatic recirculation, distribution to two large tissue ... | 1991 | 1951166 |
| specification of small distal 6q deletions in two patients by gene dosage and in situ hybridization study of plasminogen and alpha-l-fucosidase 2. | gene-dosage and in situ hybridization study of plasminogen (plg) and alpha-l-fucosidase 2 (fuca2) was performed on two patients with a small deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 6, to define the structural abnormality more precisely. the results led to the cytogenetic diagnosis of an interstitial 6q deletion, del(6)(q25.1q25.3), in one patient and of a terminal 6q deletion resulting from a paternal t(1;6)(q44;q2605) translocation in the other patient. the latter patient had congenital n ... | 1991 | 1951444 |
| static muscle contraction reflexly increases adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats. | little is known about the mechanisms responsible for activation of sympathoadrenal function during exercise. we hypothesized that sympathoadrenal discharge is activated at the onset of exercise by a reflex arising in the contracting muscle. adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (sna) was recorded during 1 min stimulation of the tibial nerve at two times motor threshold, before and during neuromuscular blockade, in 12 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. static muscle contractions, induced by stimula ... | 1991 | 1951780 |
| aids surveillance among american indians and alaska natives. | to assess the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic among american indians and alaska natives (ai/an), we examined acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) case and seroprevalence data through december 1990. while ai/an had a low 1990 reported aids case rate (4.0/100,000), the increase in diagnosed cases adjusted for reporting delays from 1989 to 1990 was higher (23.1%) among ai/an than any other racial/ethnic group. seroprevalence data for military applicants have documented higher rates for a ... | 1991 | 1951804 |
| the tuskegee syphilis study, 1932 to 1972: implications for hiv education and aids risk education programs in the black community. | the tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in the negro male is the longest nontherapeutic experiment on human beings in medical history. the strategies used to recruit and retain participants were quite similar to those being advocated for hiv/aids prevention programs today. almost 60 years after the study began, there remains a trail of distrust and suspicion that hampers hiv education efforts in black communities. the aids epidemic has exposed the tuskegee study as a historical marker for the l ... | 1991 | 1951814 |
| the new york needle trial: the politics of public health in the age of aids. | during the past 5 years, the exchange of sterile needles and syringes for dirty injecting equipment has gained increasing acceptance outside the united states as a potential means of reducing the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among intravenous drug users. this article describes the controversy over attempts to establish a needle and syringe exchange scheme in new york city between 1985 and 1991. the response to a health crisis is used as an indicator of patterns of socia ... | 1991 | 1951815 |
| a modified agar plate method for detection of strongyloides stercoralis. | the agar plate method is a new technique with high detection rates for coprological diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. this report details modifications of the technique and establishes a standardized procedure. we recommend that all plates should be carefully observed using a microscope because macroscopic observation can lead to false negative results. it is also advisable to pour formalin solution directly into microscopically positive dishes to collect worms by sedimentation. this procedur ... | 1991 | 1951861 |
| characterization of naturally acquired antibody responses to a recombinant fragment from the n-terminus of plasmodium falciparum glycoprotein 195. | antibody responses to the glycoprotein precursor of the major merozoite surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum (gp195) were investigated in acutely infected thai adults. specific igg antibody was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant fragment derived from the n-terminal region of gp195 as the capture antigen. two control groups were found to be without significant cross-reacting antibody. among occupationally exposed soldiers, 84 of 85 men developed positive antibod ... | 1991 | 1951865 |
| isotypic analysis of humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys to an adult microsomal antigen of schistosoma mansoni: an indicator of successful treatment. | a study was undertaken to examine the potential role of immunodiagnostic methods in determining successful chemotherapy in schistosomiasis. fifteen rhesus monkeys were infected with 1,500 schistosoma mansoni (puerto rico strain) cercariae, and 10 of the monkeys were then treated with a curative dose of praziquantel 13 weeks after infection. five monkeys remained untreated. one monkey was not successfully cured, as confirmed by the presence of both male and female worms at the time of perfusion. ... | 1991 | 1951874 |
| [the mechanism of taste quality discrimination in rat pontine parabrachial nucleus]. | 1. cross-correlation analysis was made in the taste-sensitive neuron pairs recorded simultaneously from the parabrachial nucleus (pbn) of rats. three indices were adopted to evaluate the activities of the taste neurons: 1) the spike response density (rd value), which is the net spike density with the 4 basic tastes. 2) the frequency of correlated discharges (fc value), which was determined by measuring the area of the peak appearing in the cross-correlogram (cc) during application of the test fl ... | 1991 | 1951940 |
| increased intestinal protein permeability in a model of lung injury induced by phorbol myristate acetate. | multiple nonpulmonary organ failure is a frequent complication of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards), and contributes significantly to the high mortality rate associated with this disorder. although previous studies suggest that systemic organ injury may be an integral component of ards, little is known about the specific functional alterations that occur in these target organs. the present study was designed, therefore, to test the hypothesis that endothelial damage, as assessed by ... | 1991 | 1952450 |
| efficacy of a single dose of furazolidone for treatment of cholera in children. | to test the efficacy and safety of furazolidone given as a single dose for childhood cholera, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out among 118 culture-positive dehydrated children with diarrhea. patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups to receive medication orally in liquid suspension: furazolidone at 7 mg/kg/day once, furazolidone at 7 mg/kg/day divided into four doses for 3 days, placebo once, or placebo for 3 days. after 12 patients with furazolidone-r ... | 1991 | 1952859 |
| the current status of diarrhoea related vaccines. | since diarrhea is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in india as well as in developing and developed countries, public health specialists strive to develop vaccines against various pathogens which cause diarrhea. rotavirus (rv) causes 20-40% of severe diarrhea among 6-24 month olds. so they hope for a single dose vaccine against all 4 rv serotypes which can be administered to newborns, but such a vaccine does not yet exist. the bovine and rhesus vaccines are the only heterol ... | 1990 | 1966245 |
| the role and specificity of guanine nucleotide binding proteins in receptor-effector coupling. | nine distinct alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (g-proteins) have now been identified by cdna cloning. each of these functions to allow transduction of information between hormone-activated receptors in the plasma membrane and effector systems which are either ion channels or enzymes which regulate the intracellular concentration of second messengers. as the individual g-proteins are highly similar in primary sequence, it is pertinent to ask what degree of specificity of inte ... | 1990 | 1966633 |
| [pharmacologic bases of antihypertensive drugs with mechanisms of multi-factor action]. | | 1990 | 1971122 |