| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shigella toxin. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of shigella toxin. for the assay, a mouse monoclonal antibody against the b subunit of the toxin and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the holotoxin were employed. the monoclonal antibody was used to coat wells of a microtiter plate, and the polyclonal antibody preparation was used as the detecting antibody. the amount of bound polyclonal antibody was determined by using a goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g-alkaline p ... | 1986 | 3522627 |
| bacterial antagonists of shigellae. | bacterial antagonism between a microorganisms and shigella sonnei strains was studied in model experiments simulating conditions of the natural aquatic environment. in these studies surface waste samples from the river vltava served as the experimental environment. to ensure bacteriologically defined conditions all water samples were heat-sterilized prior to antagonism testing. consistently with the literature data and author's own observations the following bacterial species and genera were cho ... | 1986 | 3522730 |
| control of shigella flexneri in celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). | stool specimens collected systematically from a group of celebes black macaques (macaca nigra) with a high incidence of diarrhea were examined microbiologically. numerous isolates of shigella flexneri, campylobacter jejuni and pathogenic escherichia coli were recovered. previous parasitology reports had revealed that the majority of the animals had balantidium coli. subsequently, the group was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. after treatment, shigella fl ... | 1986 | 3523037 |
| bloodstream invasion with shigella sonnei in an asymptomatic newborn infant. | | 1986 | 3523456 |
| etiology and epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea in asia. | travelers' diarrhea in asia has been studied among peace corps volunteers in thailand, japanese travelers, foreign residents in bangladesh, guests in hotels, and members of various tour groups. rates of diarrheal attack of greater than 50% during four- to six-week sojourns were reported for these groups. among travelers with diarrhea, the most commonly isolated pathogen was enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (20%-34%), followed by salmonella (11%-15%), shigella (4%-7%), campylobacter (2%-5%), and ... | 1986 | 3523709 |
| antimicrobial agents in the prevention of travelers' diarrhea. | each of 433 adults traveling to guadalajara, mexico, from the united states during summer months was enrolled in one of four clinical trials of the protective effect of antimicrobial agents against travelers' diarrhea. only one (2%) of 57 subjects taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg daily) experienced diarrhea during a two-week study, whereas eight (14%) of 58 subjects taking trimethoprim alone (200 mg daily) and 10 (33%) of 30 taking placebo developed illness (p less than .05 an ... | 1986 | 3523713 |
| resistance of shigella, salmonella, and other selected enteric pathogens to antimicrobial agents. | antimicrobial agents are commonly used therapeutically and prophylactically for travelers' diarrhea. resistance of enteric pathogens to these agents may prevent the success of such therapy, with the result depending upon the level of resistance and the drug concentrations achieved in the gastrointestinal tract. data from a number of geographic locations were collected in order to determine whether consistent trends exist and whether predictions can be made regarding the susceptibility of various ... | 1986 | 3523714 |
| antimicrobial therapy for travelers' diarrhea. | three clinical trials were carried out to examine the efficacy of various antimicrobial agents in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea among students from the united states in mexico. thirty-seven subjects received twice daily for five days 160 mg of trimethoprim (tmp) and 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole (smz), 38 received 200 mg of tmp, and 35 received a placebo. another group of students were given 100 mg of furazolidone (47 students) or ampicillin (47 students) four times a day for five days. in t ... | 1986 | 3523718 |
| [biochemical properties of shigella flexneri and their practical significance]. | as the result of the study of 921 s. flexneri strains 1-6 and 4 (iv: 7,8), isolated in 31 regions of the ussr in 1975-1984, their biochemical characterization by 33 tests was made. all the strains under study proved to be typical in most of their constant signs, only some of strains 2a showed deviations in mannitol and some of strains 4a, in acetate. in strains of serovar 6, circulating in the ussr, specific features with respect to dulcitol and xylose were noted. the possibility of the biochemi ... | 1986 | 3524079 |
| [characteristics of the tissue population cycle of shigellae]. | in experiments on human fetal intestinal explants infected with shigellae the specific multiplication rate of these infective agents, found to be 0.026, and the maximum level of their accumulation in erythrocytes, reaching 22-36 microbes per cell, have been determined. these phenomena can be observed after at least 3-hour incubation and end in the release of the infective agents from the affected area with shedding epithelial elements (villi). shigellae, aggregated in the shed villi easily adher ... | 1986 | 3524080 |
| [natural population migration and the dysentery epidemic process]. | the complex analysis of materials obtained in different regions and territories of the far east makes it possible to establish that the natural migration of population affects dysentery morbidity by enhancing the susceptibility of human population to this infection. the internal mechanisms of the influence exerted on morbidity by the natural migration of population is disclosed from the viewpoint of the theory of the self regulation of the epidemic process. | 1986 | 3524082 |
| contaminated produce--a common source for two outbreaks of shigella gastroenteritis. | simultaneous outbreaks of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis occurred in october 1983 at two texas university campuses 60 miles (96 km) apart. there were no common food handlers, recreational activities, water sources or swimming areas to explain the introduction of shigella at both campuses. however, tossed salads were found to be associated with illness at both campuses. the investigation disclosed that both schools had received produce shipments from the same company during the week preceding th ... | 1986 | 3524201 |
| comparison of norfloxacin and nalidixic acid for treatment of dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 in adults. | a severe epidemic of dysentery began late in 1979 in northeast zaire and spread to rwanda, burundi, and tanzania. the epidemic strain is a multiply resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1, which acquired resistance against trimethoprim and more recently against nalidixic acid in the course of the epidemic. a comparative open trial in rwandan adults with shiga dysentery involved 18 patients treated with norfloxacin at 400 mg twice daily and 12 patients treated with nalidixic acid at 1 g three times ... | 1986 | 3524434 |
| a genetic determinant required for continuous reinfection of adjacent cells on large plasmid in s. flexneri 2a. | we have identified a region (virg) on the 230 kb virulence plasmid of s. flexneri that is required for cell-to-cell spread of the bacterium. tn5 insertions into this region result in avirulent mutants that can initially invade and multiply in epithelial cells, but tend to lose active movement and tend to localize within the cytoplasm, where they are gradually extinguished without infecting adjacent cells. the virg region was localized to within 4 kb and may contain a single cistron. sequences hy ... | 1986 | 3524856 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of bo-1165, a new monobactam antibiotic. | bo-1165 has excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria but it is almost inactive against gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. bo-1165 was more active than the four reference drugs against escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus. also, bo-1165 exhibited high antibacterial activity against strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 3.12 mg/l) and p. cepacia (mic50, 1.56 mg/l), but ... | 1986 | 3525497 |
| crp genes of shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the salmonella typhimurium lt2 and shigella flexneri 2b crp genes were determined and compared with those of the escherichia coli k-12 crp gene. the shigella flexneri gene was almost like the e. coli crp gene, with only four silent base pair changes. the s. typhimurium and e. coli crp genes presented a higher degree of divergence in their nucleotide sequence with 77 changes, but the corresponding amino acid sequences presented only one amino acid difference. ... | 1986 | 3525518 |
| [perforated duodenal ulcer in a child with acute dysentery]. | | 1986 | 3525969 |
| shigellosis complicated by acute appendicitis. | acute appendicitis developed in a 23-year-old mexican-american man with acute bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). this is the first such case reported in the english literature. | 1986 | 3526569 |
| bacterial toxins and diarrhoea. | bacteria and their toxins are responsible for an enormous burden of diarrhoeal disease. knowledge about the toxins and their mechanisms of action is limited. thus, although considerable information is available about the mechanism of action of cholera toxin and a small number of heat-stable enterotoxins, information on the role and action of many others is incomplete. the demonstration of a toxic effect in a test system does not necessarily imply that that activity is relevant to the pathogenesi ... | 1986 | 3527494 |
| [retrospective determination of the infectiveness of raw milk arriving at a dairy plant]. | | 1986 | 3527875 |
| late intraphagosomal hydrogen ion concentration favors the in vitro antimicrobial capacity of a 37-kilodalton cationic granule protein of human neutrophil granulocytes. | we described previously (w.m. shafer, l.e. martin, and j.k. spitznagel, infect. immun. 45:29-35, 1984) the presence of a 37-kilodalton cationic antimicrobial protein (37k cap) in extracts of granules prepared from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmn). in this investigation, we prepared 37k cap from pmn granule extracts by sequential ion-exchange and molecular-sieve chromatography and examined its antimicrobial activity against a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. at concen ... | 1986 | 3527987 |
| multiply drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 and travelers' diarrhea. | | 1986 | 3528325 |
| acute infectious diarrhea among children in day care: epidemiology and control. | the incidence of diarrhea among children in day care centers is highest for those under three years of age. limited studies indicate that diarrhea occurs more frequently among children enrolled at these centers than among age-matched children cared for at home or in family day care. most reported outbreaks have been caused by rotavirus, giardia, shigella, or combinations of these organisms. children in day care centers commonly excrete enteropathogens in the absence of symptoms; the significance ... | 1986 | 3529310 |
| contribution of chromosomal beta-lactamases to beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | the two most important factors determining the level of beta-lactam resistance to novel cephalosporins in gram-negative enterobacteria are the chromosomal class c beta-lactamases, which have high affinity for these compounds, and the outer membrane permeability barrier. the individual importance of these factors and the interactions between them are discussed. wild-type strains carry a chromosomal gene, ampc, encoding class c beta-lactamases. expression from this gene is normally low, but it can ... | 1986 | 3529322 |
| [effect of immunization with an enterobacterial vaccine on the rate of plating out of shigella from the intestinal mucosa of mice orally infected]. | the oral and subcutaneous immunization of mice with the vaccine prepared from s. minnesota strain r595, chemotype re, known as enterobacterial vaccine, was found to significantly decrease the number of shigellae in cultures obtained by the inoculation of homogenized mucosal samples taken from the large intestine of mice, the vaccine prepared from s. minnesota isogeneous strain sf 1111 with the intact structure of lipopolysaccharide had no such activity. antisera, obtained by the immunization of ... | 1986 | 3529760 |
| ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria. | the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ... | 1986 | 3529797 |
| [intrahepatic cholestasis due to shigella in an infant]. | | 1986 | 3530915 |
| comparison of dna probes and the sereny test for identification of invasive shigella and escherichia coli strains. | forty-two shigella and 29 escherichia coli strains were screened for invasiveness in the sereny test and for hybridization with two recently described dna probes for the invasiveness plasmid. both probes produced identical results. all sereny-positive strains hybridized with both dna probes. three sereny-negative strains also hybridized with the probes, suggesting that there are strains containing the invasiveness plasmid that are not pathogenic in animal models. | 1986 | 3531233 |
| characterization of shigella flexneri-specific murine monoclonal antibodies by chemically defined glycoconjugates. | chemically defined glycoconjugates are demonstrated to have considerable potential for selecting hybridoma antibodies directed toward o-antigenic determinants, especially when used in combination with a panel of well-characterized lps molecules. monoclonal antibodies specific for the shigella flexneri o-antigens of serogroup 5b, variants x and y, were generated after immunization of balb/c mice with killed bacterial cells, and active hybrids were selected on the basis of elisa performed with the ... | 1986 | 3531329 |
| shigella and child abuse. | | 1986 | 3532022 |
| [phagocytizing blood cells in dysentery]. | | 1986 | 3532361 |
| [detection of immunosuppression factors in shigella sonnei]. | a factor, making noninvasive shigellae and other bacteria capable of suppressing immunological memory and secondary immune response manifested as delayed hypersensitivity, has been detected in the germ-free filtrates of the broth cultures of invasive s. sonnei. | 1986 | 3532643 |
| [study of the conditions of activation and stabilization of dna-methylases from shigella sonnei 47 during fractionation, purification and storage]. | a comparative study of activation factors and stabilization conditions of partially purified and individual fractions of dna-methylases of shigella sonnei 47 was carried out. the stability of dna-methylases in the course of storage was examined. the influence of activating factors and stabilization conditions differed significantly depending on the degree of purification and composition of methylase preparations. it was shown that glycerol is ineffective as a stabilizing agent. the activating ef ... | 1986 | 3533162 |
| an epidemic of bacillary dysentery in western rwanda 1981-1982. | the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of a major shigella dysenteriae epidemic resistant to all available drugs that occurred in western rwanda in 1981-82 are analyzed. about 5% of the population was affected. in total, there were 11,801 cases of dysentery, with an average of 833 cases/month. the course of the epidemic was independent from seasonal variations. in children under 5 years of age, the majority (61%) of dysentery cases involved males; at all other ages, however, there was a femal ... | 1986 | 3533269 |
| epidemic reiter's syndrome following an outbreak of shigellosis. | we prospectively studied the occurrence of reiter's syndrome (rs) or reactive arthritis (rea) in 205 of 349 cruise-ship passengers who attended a buffet ashore and developed shigella flexneri 2a enteritis. five passengers probably had rs/rea and 16 were possible or doubtful cases of rs/rea. hla-b27 was identified in 4 of 5 probable rs cases, but was not present in any of the 16 possible or doubtful cases nor in any of 20 passengers (controls) without any symptoms of rs/rea. there was no statisti ... | 1986 | 3533609 |
| lack of serologically defined arthritogenic shigella flexneri cell envelope antigens in post-dysenteric arthritis. | post-dysenteric or reactive arthritis (rea) is closely associated with hla-b27. this histocompatibility antigen is heterogeneous and consists of 2 serologically defined variants: b27m1+m2+ and b27m1+m2-. this paper gives a qualitative evaluation of the antibodies present in the sera of 62 patients with dysentery due to shigella flexneri 2a, a known arthritogenic bacterium. the patients were classified in 4 groups: b27m1+m2+rea+ (n = 5), b27m1+m2+rea- (n = 7); b27m1+m2-rea- (n = 1); b27-rea- (n = ... | 1986 | 3533766 |
| [evaluation of the use of ofloxacin in the treatment of various infections]. | we investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, for the treatment of various documented bacterial infections in 26 patients (10 females, 16 males) aged 17 to 84 years. ofloxacin monotherapy was given orally in a dose of 200 mg twice (25) or three times (1) a day. antibiotic levels and serum bactericidal activity were measured using a microbiological method on the second and sixth days, before and 2 and 6 hours after a single dose. the infectious episode tr ... | 1986 | 3534724 |
| norfloxacin in the treatment of bacterial enteric infections. | diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of illness and death among infants and young children, especially in developing countries. they are also the principal cause of illness in tourists who travel to these countries. overall, the main causes of diarrhoea are bacterial. campylobacter, enteropathogenic e. coli, shigella and enterotoxigenic e. coli are, in this order, the most common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in developing countries, and campylobacter and shigella in developed countries. e ... | 1986 | 3535054 |
| world-wide clinical experience with norfloxacin: efficacy and safety. | this review covers 2346 norfloxacin treated patients in clinical trials world wide. these studies show that 400 mg of norfloxacin b.i.d. was effective and compared favorably with other standard oral agents in the treatment of urinary tract infections, including complicated and recurrent infections in men. this regimen given b.i.d. or t.i.d. was also effective in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis due to common gastrointestinal pathogens such as enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella sp ... | 1986 | 3535057 |
| septic pylephlebitis following shigella bacteremia: case report. | | 1986 | 3535150 |
| magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage p1cinc(-) on escherichia coli c and shigella sonnei. | phage p1c(-), in a state of the phage not infective to escherichia coli k12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of e. coli c and on shigella sonnei in the presence of mg2+. citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and a salmonella typhimurium gale mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with p1cinc(-), whereas klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus rettgeri, and s. typhimurium lt2 were not susceptible to either p1cinc(-) or p1cinc(+). the lipopolysaccharide structure of e. coli c ... | 1986 | 3535235 |
| serogroup frequency and drug sensitivity of shigella strains encountered at the university hospital of the west indies. | | 1986 | 3535257 |
| morphologic evaluation of the effects of shiga toxin and e coli shiga-like toxin on the rabbit intestine. | the effects of a shiga toxin derived from shigella dysenteriae type 1, strain 60r, and a shiga-like toxin from the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, strain 933, were studied in the in vivo rabbit ileal loop model. the effects of both toxins were similar and resulted in severe villus blunting by 18-24 hours after exposure. with both toxins, a dose effect was noted; and the lesions, first detected at 2 hours after inoculation, became more severe over time. both toxins appeared to act dir ... | 1986 | 3535529 |
| [stool electrolyte concentration in acute infantile diarrhea in france]. | sodium, potassium and chloride stool content was studied in 107 children aged 1 to 32 months (11 +/- 8 months) presenting with acute diarrhea related to a rotavirus infection (34 cases), to an invasive pathogen (salmonella or shigella 14 cases, e. coli 4 cases), or of non-identified etiology (65 cases). the therapeutic protocol was the same in all cases: rehydration for the first 24 hours, progressive realimentation from the second or third day, no drugs being given. an average of 4 stools were ... | 1986 | 3535723 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 enterocolitis. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 is much more virulent than shigella flexneri and sonnei which are endemic in australia. this report describes a 22 year old woman who acquired shigella dysenteriae type 1 whilst travelling in india. during the course of her illness, she developed severe enterocolitis for which a subtotal colectomy was performed. the illness resembled fulminant ulcerative colitis and its infectious nature was difficult to establish because several fecal cultures failed to grow the path ... | 1986 | 3535768 |
| widal-type serology using live antigen for diagnosis of shigella flexneri dysentery. | | 1986 | 3536499 |
| secretory immunoglobulin a response following peroral priming and challenge with shigella flexneri lacking the 140-megadalton virulence plasmid. | this study evaluates the ability of noninvasive shigella spp., lacking the 140-megadalton virulence plasmid, to elicit a mucosal immunoglobulin a immune response in the intestine. for these studies, we used shigella flexneri m4243a1 (which lacks the plasmid and is sereny test negative) to prime and challenge three groups of rabbits perorally. both primary and immunoglobulin a memory responses were detectable in these secretions. these findings indicate that a mucosal memory response can be prime ... | 1986 | 3536753 |
| in vitro packaging of heteroduplex bacteriophage t7 dna: evidence for repair of mismatched bases. | heteroduplex dna molecules that were wild type or contained combinations of amber, missense, and temperature-sensitive mutations were prepared from bacteriophage t7. these dna molecules were then encapsulated in in vitro packaging reactions so as to produce infective t7 phage. the genotypes of the phage were examined to determine the degree to which mismatched base pairs in the heteroduplex had been corrected. the data show that conversion of the mismatches took place either during in vitro pack ... | 1986 | 3536859 |
| gastrointestinal infections--dietary interactions. | considerable progress has been made in understanding the complexities involved in the production of bacterial diarrheal diseases. the general mechanisms of disease that have been recognized include enterotoxigenicity, enteroadherence, and invasiveness. the interplay of epithelial cell surface receptors with the surface components of the various bacterial pathogens or their toxins will be reviewed. knowledge of the stereospecific interactions of bacterial ligands with the eukaryotic receptors has ... | 1986 | 3537076 |
| production of shiga toxin and other cytotoxins by serogroups of shigella. | we measured the cytotoxic activity of 119 strains of shigella by using a quantitative [3h]thymidine-labeled hela cell assay. we assayed 13 strains of shigella dysenteriae 1; 18 strains of s. dysenteriae types 2 and 3; and 88 strains of shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, and shigella boydii. strains of s. dysenteriae 1 demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity (geometric mean, 10(5.04) cd50/mg of protein; range, 10(3.95)-10(6.10). cytotoxic activities of the non-type 1 strains of s. dysenteriae a ... | 1986 | 3537154 |
| surface hydrophobicity of plasmid-carrying virulent shigella flexneri and their avirulent variants. | five pairs of strains of s. flexneri each differing in the colour of their colonies after growth on congo red agar have been tested for their ability to cause keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye, for the presence of the 140 md virulence plasmid, for the presence of the virulence marker antigen, and for their ability to adsorb to hydrophobic surfaces (cellulose nitrate filters and phenyl sepharose). the results suggest that the presence of the 140 md virulence plasmid provides the bacteria ... | 1986 | 3537274 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae and related toxins. | a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of shiga toxin. four species of shigella, escherichia coli, and vibro parahaemolyticus were tested for production of shiga or shiga-like toxin by elisa and vero cell bioassay. in the elisa, most strains of s. dysenteriae and some strains of e. coli isolated from traveler's diarrhea were positive. these elisa-positive strains were positive by vero cell bioassay without exception. some e. coli strains and most v. para ... | 1987 | 3539985 |
| cobas-bact system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae in 4 h 20 min. | the cobas-bact (roche diagnostics, basel, switzerland) new rotor for the identification (id) in 4 h 20 min of 33 members of the family enterobacteriaceae to genus and species level was evaluated by testing 444 strains of which 398 belonged to common species and 46 belonged to rare species of enterobacteriaceae. each strain was identified by the api 20e system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.), and additional discriminating tests were set up if necessary. only first-choice id were considered i ... | 1987 | 3540000 |
| leads from the mmwr. multiply resistant shigellosis in a day-care center--texas. | | 1987 | 3540326 |
| [tissue affinity of pathogens: invasion of pathogens--intestines]. | | 1986 | 3540363 |
| [functional characteristics of plasmids of shigella sonnei 47 strains]. | the phenotypic characteristics of shigella sonnei strain 47 containing 7 plasmids of low molecular weight and 2 plasmids 60-100 md large have been studied. the strains of escherichia coli containing the single plasmids or plasmid groups from shigella sonnei have been obtained by transformation and conjugation. the comparison of phenotypes of the obtained strains has helped to find the plasmid location of the determinants for streptomycin resistance (p7), genes for colicinogenicity and colicin im ... | 1986 | 3540633 |
| serum iga to enterobacteria in ankylosing spondylitis. | the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis (as) may involve certain enterobacteria. it is therefore interesting that serum polymeric iga, a precursor of secretory iga, was statistically elevated in active as (n = 35) and that levels were comparable to those found in yersiniosis (n = 12); this might indicate antigenic stimulation by bacteria which are present in the intestines of as patients. however, specific serum iga to the incriminated enterobacteria klebsiella, shigella and yersinia, as determi ... | 1986 | 3541170 |
| shigella from ovine faeces. | | 1986 | 3541356 |
| [ultrastructural study of intestinal bacteria grown on endo- and levine-type nutrient media based on nonfood raw materials]. | the comparative electron-microscopic study of several test strains (salmonella typhi h-901, shigella flexneri la 8516, and escherichia coli 055) grown in experimental endo and levine media prepared on the basis of raw materials unsuitable for human consumption and in commonly used similar media prepared on the basis of sprat hydrolysate has shown the test strains grown in media containing aminopeptide and fodder yeast hydrolysate to retain their typical ultrastructure, which confirms the possibi ... | 1986 | 3541464 |
| [characteristics of erythrocyte diagnostic agents studied using optical methods]. | the quantitative characterization of erythrocyte diagnosticums (ed) has been made by optical methods (light microscopy with the use of an image analyzer, model magiscan 2, and the opacity spectrum technique). the following parameters of ed have been determined: the average of the major axis (5.25 +/- 0.57 micron for ed from shigella sonnei and 5.53 +/- 0.50 micron for ed from shigella flexneri), the ratio of semiaxes (p approximately equal to 3), the major axis length distribution, the refractiv ... | 1986 | 3541465 |
| [chromosomal changes in patients with acute dysentery and their relation to immunologic shifts]. | the correlation between the dynamics of the occurrence of the class of lymphocytes without chromosomal associations and with two associating acrocentric chromosomes (cl0 + 2) and the course of the disease, as well as the development of immunity in patients with acute dysentery, has been detected. the positive correlation between the occurrence of cl0 + 2 and cell-mediated immunity reactions presupposes the possibility of using this cytogenetic characteristic for evaluating the cell-mediated immu ... | 1986 | 3541467 |
| [manifestations of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in populations of shigella sonnei and of humans at different phases of the development of the epidemic process]. | the study of the structure and developmental dynamics of s. sonnei populations and the state of local immunity to this infection in children under school age has revealed that the interaction of the heterogeneous populations of the parasite and the host is the internal motive force of the self-regulating phasic development of the epidemic process. in the course of this process complementary changes in the virulence of the infective agent and in the immunoresistance of children are generated on t ... | 1986 | 3541470 |
| [phenomenology and molecular mechanisms of shigella sonnei dissociation: its variability in model in vivo and in vitro systems]. | the dynamics of the accumulation of phase ii s. sonnei in the infectious process in germ-free rats, during cultivation and in subcultures was studied. the in vivo variability of s. sonnei showed a sharply defined phasic character of the process with the periods of the apparent absence of phase ii, the increase of its occurrence and stabilization with the preservation of s-forms in minor amounts. kanamycin-resistant phase ii accumulated in vivo more rapidly than in vitro. cultivation with sodium ... | 1986 | 3541471 |
| shigellosis outbreak associated with swimming. | in june 1982, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by shigella sonnei occurred among residents of two counties in oklahoma. a case-control study of cases and age and sex-matched controls showed an association with attendance at a southern oklahoma lake (14/17 cases vs 3/17 controls, matched pair odds ratio [or] 9/0, confidence interval [ci] 2.4-infinity). a survey of 85 persons who had visited the lake area showed that persons who had swum were more likely to have been ill with a gastr ... | 1987 | 3541651 |
| [bacteriological study of shigellosis in the lake kivu area (central africa). developments in the last 15 years (1968-1983)]. | 1913 shigella strains were isolated from 1968 to 1983 in lake kivu area (central africa). distribution and evolution of serotypes, biotypes and antibiotypes were studied. the majority of serotypes and biotypes were stable. however, few of these strains showed variations, among them shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, causing epidemic dysenteriae since 1981. epidemiologic survey of shigellosis in kivu seems to be rather underdeveloped (4 bacteriology laboratories for an area of 10 million inhabitant ... | 1986 | 3542256 |
| ionic requirements for entry of shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 into cells. | the ionic requirements for entry of shiga toxin into cells were examined by measuring inhibition of protein synthesis after short-term incubations with toxin. the sensitivity of vero cells and hela cells to shiga toxin was strongly dependent on the divalent cation present. vero cells were most sensitive in the presence of cacl2 and srcl2, whereas hela cells were equally sensitive in the presence of mgcl2, srcl2, and cacl2. both cell lines were protected by bacl2, cocl2, and mncl2. inhibitors of ... | 1987 | 3542829 |
| cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons. | an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ... | 1987 | 3542967 |
| identification of the carbohydrate receptor for shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the binding of shiga toxin isolated from the bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 to a series of glycolipids and to cells or cell homogenates has been studied. bound toxin was detected using either 125i-labeled toxin or specific monoclonal antibody and 125i-labeled anti-antibody. overlay of toxin on thin-layer chromatograms with separated glycolipids and binding to glycolipids coated in microtiter wells established that the toxin specifically bound to gal alpha 1-4gal beta (galabiose) placed te ... | 1987 | 3543013 |
| outbreak of post-measles gastroenteritis due to shigella dysenteriae type-i in karsog tehsil, district mandi (h.p). | | 1986 | 3543110 |
| limitations of using the plasmid pattern as an epidemiological tool for clinical isolates of shigella sonnei. | | 1987 | 3543149 |
| shigellosis in bangladesh. | | 1987 | 3543150 |
| convulsions in childhood shigellosis. clinical and laboratory features in 153 children. | we studied 153 children who experienced convulsions associated with shigellosis. the male-female ratio was 1.2:1.0. thirty-six children had a previous history of febrile convulsions, and 31 children had a family history of convulsive disorder. most of the children were 0.5 to 3 years of age, although 49 (32%) were older than 3 years of age and 20 (13.1%) were older than 5 years of age. all children were febrile; in 75% of the children, the temperature was over 39 degrees c. the majority of the c ... | 1987 | 3544808 |
| [infectious colitis. endoscopy]. | colon and rectum localizations of an disease or a parasitosis depend essentially on the nature of the pathogenous agent and the host resistance. acute enterocolitis is secondary to enterotoxinogenous germs (such as cholera vibrio), invasive germs (such as shigella), penetrating germs (such as salmonella); viruses are seldom concerned. parasitic colitis include mostly amibiasis and bilharziosis. infectious and parasitic enterocolitis may be transmitted sexually. on the other hand, certain venerea ... | 1986 | 3545041 |
| [a preliminary study on the usefulness of the plasmid profile analysis for the epidemiological investigation of shigellosis]. | | 1986 | 3545491 |
| comparison of enterobacterial common antigen from different species by serological techniques. | enterobacterial common antigen (eca) was isolated from a number of selected species (including salmonella montevideo, shigella sonnei and plesiomonas shigelloides) using the extraction method described by männel and mayer [eur. j. biochem. 86, 361-370 (1978)]. eca of all these species behaved identically in enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (elisa) and in its inhibition using monoclonal anti-eca antibodies. immunoblotting showed a ladder-like pattern of at least 20 bands for all preparations te ... | 1987 | 3545822 |
| experimental production of colicin type v of shigella sonnei unusual in nature. | col v factor of fredericq's strain escherichia coli 1.7a was mobilized for a transfer by the r (sm, cm, tc, su) factor of shigella sonnei strain in three component test. the strain e. coli k13 hfrr (a universal indicator for evidence of colicinogeny) and s. sonnei strain became the recipient of both plasmids. s. sonnei, a producer of colicin v has not been found in natural conditions as yet. | 1987 | 3546028 |
| plasmid-mediated early killing of eucaryotic cells by shigella flexneri as studied by infection of j774 macrophages. | in shigella flexneri a 220-kilobase plasmid encodes the ability to invade nonprofessional phagocytes by a mechanism similar to phagocytosis. in this report, the continuous macrophage cell line j774 was used to study the intracellular fate of both invasive and noninvasive strains. pwr100, the virulence plasmid of s. flexneri serotype 5, mediated very efficient and rapid killing of j774 macrophages, as measured by cellular detachment and uptake of trypan blue. for this to occur, the bacteria had t ... | 1987 | 3546130 |
| the comparative activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents against enteropathogenic microorganisms. | in this study, we compared the activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 269 enteropathogenic strains (campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and yersinia enterocolitica) with that of rosoxacin, flumequin, nifuroxazide, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, amikacin, netilmicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin were always amo ... | 1986 | 3546145 |
| shigella keratitis: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. | | 1987 | 3547292 |
| chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ... | 1986 | 3547624 |
| [delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice immunized with ribosomal vaccines against shigella sonnei]. | the capacity of s. sonnei ribosomal vaccine (srv) for inducing delayed hypersensitivity (dh) was studied in the foot pad test on mice. the test injection of srv in a dose of 10 micrograms, inducing only transient changes in intact mice, led to a highly pronounced reaction in mice immunized with ribosomes in freund's complete adjuvant. the mean difference in thickness between the test and control (injected with physiological saline) feet amounted to 0.54 mm on day 16 after immunization in two inj ... | 1986 | 3548170 |
| [infantile diarrhea in libreville (gabon). ecological studies]. | the identification of different infectious agents found in infantile diarrheas was undertaken in 237 children hospitalized in pediatric institutions in libreville. in neonates between 0 and 18 months of age, the most common pathogen was rotavirus (20.6%), followed by shigella (10.8%), e. coli (9.24%), salmonella (3.46%), e. histolytica (0.8%) and y. enterocolitica (0.4%). the highest percentage of diarrheas caused by rotaviruses was found among children between 6 and 11 months of age. the freque ... | 1986 | 3548635 |
| bacterial drug resistance in meat animals: a review. | prolonged oral or parenteral administration of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms. bacteria acquire drug resistance by mutation, conjugation and transduction. oral antibiotics by a process of selection pressure facilitate the proliferation of resistant population of bacteria. drug resistant bacteria are capable of transferring their resistance to drugs to other bacteria by the process of transferable drug resistance (tdr). this can lead to multiple resi ... | 1986 | 3549599 |
| evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli. | a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ... | 1986 | 3549665 |
| local and systemic antibody responses to shigella infection in rhesus monkeys. | | 1987 | 3549918 |
| [isolation and characteristics of shigella antigens during the course of dysentery]. | in 2,436 fecal samples and 1,272 urinary samples taken from 633 patients with dysentery caused by s. flexneri, s. newcastle and s. sonnei, shigella antigens were detected by means of the passive hemagglutination test with antibody diagnostic agents and the antibody neutralization test. the antigen-binding activity of shigellae in urine dynamically increased in the course of dysentery. the comparison of the parallel results of both serological tests made it possible to evaluate the dispersion of ... | 1987 | 3551415 |
| antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (bw a509u). | the thymidine analog 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (bw a509u; azidothymidine [azt]) had potent bactericidal activity against many members of the family enterobacteriaceae, including strains of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella flexneri, and enterobacter aerogenes. azt also had bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae and the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. azt had no activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, m ... | 1987 | 3551832 |
| congo red binding phenotype is associated with hemin binding and increased infectivity of shigella flexneri in the hela cell model. | wild-type isolates of shigella flexneri bind the dye congo red from solid media, thus producing red (crb+) colonies. mutants which fail to bind the dye produce white colonies (crb-) and are avirulent in a variety of systems. in s. flexneri the ability to bind congo red correlates with the ability to bind hemin and protoporphyrin ix. binding of hemin by crb+ s. flexneri was observed both in solid media and in liquid assays. results of competition experiments suggest that congo red and hemin bind ... | 1987 | 3553000 |
| review of the 4-quinolones. | improvements in antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics have moved the 4-quinolones into the forefront of antibiotic research. the 4-quinolones are analogues of nalidixic acid, and there are presently at least six agents in this group under investigation in the united states. it is difficult to generalize their clinical usefulness, since these agents exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles, antimicrobial activity (with varied minimum inhibitory concentrations among similar organisms), and ... | 1987 | 3553053 |
| rapid automated method for screening of enteric pathogens from stool specimens. | a total of 800 colonies suggestive of salmonella, shigella, or yersinia species isolated on stool differential agar media were inoculated onto both conventional biochemical test media (triple sugar iron agar, urea agar, and phenylalanine agar) and entero pathogen screen cards of the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.). based on the conventional tests, the automicrobic system method yielded the following results: 587 true-negatives, 185 true-positives, 2 false-negatives, and ... | 1987 | 3553230 |
| [infectious diarrhea in children. results of a prospective study concerning various epidemiological and clinical aspects of infectious diarrhea in children]. | over a 3-year period (from october 1981 to september 1984) 352 pediatric patients were treated for infectious diarrhea at the division for pediatric infectious diseases, department of pediatrics, university of berne, switzerland. routine diagnostic tests on stool samples included cultures for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and yersinia, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rotazyme) for rotaviruses. in selected cases special tests for parasitic pathogens were also performed. the patients ... | 1987 | 3554501 |
| recent advances in bacterial diarrhoea. | | 1986 | 3554546 |
| current problems in antimicrobial therapy for bacterial enteric infection. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is currently considered the treatment of choice for shigellosis and severe travelers' diarrhea. the problem with this combination regimen is inactivity against campylobacter jejuni strains and other bacterial enteropathogens showing in vitro resistance to the drug. resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole among enteric pathogens has occurred frequently in certain areas of the world. a study of the in vitro susceptibility of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated fr ... | 1987 | 3555056 |
| clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin compared with placebo in bacterial diarrhea. | in a double-blind, randomized trial, 85 adult patients with acute diarrhea (more than three watery stools per day) received either 500 mg of ciprofloxacin twice daily or placebo for five days. seventy-six patients were evaluated, 38 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (16 with salmonella species, 19 with campylobacter jejuni, and three with shigella species) and 38 patients in the placebo group (21 with salmonella species, 11 with c. jejuni, and six with shigella species). the duration of fever ... | 1987 | 3555057 |
| neonatal shigellosis: a case report. | | 1987 | 3556231 |
| shigellosis in the south-western cape of good hope 1968-85. | during the period 1968-85 shigella organisms were isolated from stool specimens of 1562 patients attending tygerberg hospital, situated in the south-western province of the cape of good hope of the republic of south africa. shigella flexneri (72% of patients) was the commonest subgroup identified. sh. sonnei was the second-commonest isolate (20%), with smaller numbers of sh. boydii (5%) and sh. dysenteriae (3%). sh. dysenteriae has not been isolated since 1979. in 1985 30% of isolates were resis ... | 1987 | 3556443 |
| in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides. | epidemiologic evidence suggests that plesiomonas shigelloides is an enteric pathogen. we conducted in vitro, animal, and volunteer studies on p. shigelloides isolates from patients with diarrhea. five strains gave a negative keratoconjunctivitis reaction in guinea pigs and did not invade hela cells. genetic probes for heat-stable enterotoxins related to those of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and for gene sequences common to the invasiveness plasmids of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive e. coli ... | 1987 | 3557621 |
| [the incidence of campylobacter jejuni and other pathogenic bacteria in childhood summer diarrhea]. | it was investigated the incidence of campylobacter jejuni which has been recognized as a common cause of akut gastroenteritis and other pathogenic bacteria in childhood summer diarrhea. it was examined 94 diarrheic patients stool in 0-5 years old in summer months 1985-86. campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella were isolated as a pathogenic bacteria. | 1986 | 3561278 |
| shigella bacteremia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | bacteremic infection with shigella species is extremely rare in adults. we report five cases of shigella bacteremia in adult men that occurred at our hospital over a 2-yr period. four of these cases occurred in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. the fifth patient had evidence of cell-mediated immunodeficiency, but did not meet centers for disease control criteria for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. shigellemia is a potentially fatal but treatable complication of the ... | 1987 | 3565339 |
| cytotoxicity of shiga toxin for primary cultures of human colonic and ileal epithelial cells. | shiga toxin purified from shigella dysenteriae 1 was cytotoxic to cultured epithelial cells from human colon and ileum. the cytotoxicity, which affected only about 50% of treated cells, was neutralized by rabbit antiserum monospecific for shiga toxin and mediated by protein synthesis inhibition. | 1987 | 3570477 |