| in vitro activity of newer broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters: a report from austrian intensive care units. austrian carbapenem susceptibility surveillance group. | we compared the in vitro activity of broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics against 573 gram-negative isolates (enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters) collected between november 1996 and may 1997 from 9 laboratories serving intensive care units throughout austria. mic's (minimal inhibitory concentration) were obtained with the e-test for meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome and piperacillin/tazobactam. pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism (22%), follo ... | 1999 | 10467641 |
| [salmonellosis in hiv infection in a hospital setting in gabon]. | a case-control study was carried out in libreville, gabon, to determine the incidence of salmonella infection in hiv patients and identify any special clinical, therapeutic, or prognostic features. the records of 3000 patients hospitalized in the infectious disease department of the jeanne ebori foundation between january 1990 and december 1994 were studied. the incidence of salmonella infection, serotype, clinical presentation, prognostic factors and therapeutic modalities were compared in 2759 ... | 1999 | 10472582 |
| efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes. | the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes was evaluated. a five-strain mixture of e. coli o157:h7, s. enteritidis, or l. monocytogenes of approximately 10(8) cfu/ml was inoculated in 9 ml of electrolyzed oxidizing water (treatment) or 9 ml of sterile, deionized water (control) and incubated at 4 or 23 degrees c for 0, 5, 10, and 15 min; at 35 degrees c for 0, 2, 4, and 6 min; or at 45 degrees c for 0 ... | 1999 | 10473453 |
| a predictive model for the non-thermal inactivation of salmonella enteritidis in a food model system supplemented with a natural antimicrobial. | home-made taramasalad, a traditional greek appetizer, was inoculated with salmonella enteritidis supplemented with different concentrations of oregano essential oil (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% v/w) and stored at different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 degrees c). the product's ph was adjusted from 4.3 to 5.3 with lemon juice. at each combination of the environmental factors, the bacterial counts were modelled as a function of time in order to estimate the kinetic parameters of the pathogen. for compariso ... | 1999 | 10477072 |
| oral administration of lipopolysaccharide exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. | we investigated whether oral administration of lps exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in mice, which was an experimental model of autoimmune disease. cia was induced by s.c. injection of type ii collagen emulsified with cfa into the base of the tail (day 0) followed by a booster injection on day 21. to examine the ability of lps to exacerbate cia, varying doses of lps were orally administered on day 50. the results showed that administration of lps was followed by reactivation of cia i ... | 1999 | 10477613 |
| an increase in sporadic and outbreak-associated salmonella enteritidis infections in wisconsin: the role of eggs. | in wisconsin, reported salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) infections during 1997 more than doubled compared with the previous 9 years. a case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for sporadic infections, and results of outbreak investigations were reviewed. eating raw eggs (matched odds ratio [mor]=14.5; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.7-591.6), eating raw or undercooked eggs (mor=5.8; 95% ci, 1.3-28.0), eating any eggs (mor=4.2; 95% ci, 1.2-16.2), and dining at a res ... | 1999 | 10479150 |
| growth of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis in egg yolks from highly immunized hens. | this experiment was conducted to ascertain whether the growth of salmonella enteritidis (se) or salmonella typhimurium (st) would be suppressed in the presence of antibodies contained in egg yolks. specific pathogen-free chickens (102 days of age) were subcutaneously immunized with oil-adjuvanted bacterin of se or st, twice within a four-week interval. during 160 to 170 days of age, eggs were collected, the yolks were removed and mixed with an equal volume of physiological buffered saline, inocu ... | 1999 | 10487240 |
| an international outbreak of salmonella enteritidis associated with lasagne; lessons on the need for cross-national co-operation in investigating food-borne outbreaks. | we investigated an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis involving at least 19 british tourists returning from one hotel in another european country. a retrospective cohort study of 47 hotel guests identified lasagne as the most likely vehicle of transmission (rr 11.5; 95% ci 3.0-44.1; p < 0.0001). however, difficulties in information exchange and lack of formal mechanisms to agree on the aims of the cross-national investigation hampered efficient management of the outbreak. the factors leading to ... | 1999 | 10487639 |
| efficacy of disinfection of shell eggs externally contaminated with salmonella enteritidis. implications for egg testing. | experimental contamination of the surface of shell eggs by dipping in a culture of salmonella enteritidis resulted in the presence of salmonella enteritidis in/on the shells as well as shell membranes but not in the egg content. disinfection with lugol's solution, chlorhexidine, ethanol, quarternary ammonium solutions or flaming after dipping in ethanol failed to achieve complete decontamination of the shell and membranes with resulting false positives when eggs were broken for culturing of the ... | 1999 | 10490226 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of salmonella enteritidis oil-emulsion bacterin in an intravaginal challenge model in hens. | the efficacy of salmonella enteritidis (se) oil-emulsion bacterin (a commercially available vaccine) was evaluated in an intravaginal challenge model in hens producing a high rate of se-contaminated eggs. hens were vaccinated at 38 wk of age. a second (booster) bacterin injection was administered 4 wk later. two weeks after the second vaccination, all hens were challenged intravaginally with 10(7) colony-forming units of se. after challenge, 36 of 189 eggs (19.0%) in the vaccinated hens were pos ... | 1999 | 10494419 |
| pathogenicity of salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8, and 23 in broiler chicks. | four hundred fifty day-old hubbard broiler chicks were subdivided into 15 groups of 30 chicks each. six groups of chicks received 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of salmonella enteritidis (se) phage types (pts) 4, 8, and 23 by crop gavage. similarly, six other groups received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu of se. one group was inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(6) cfu of salmonella pullorum, and another group received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu ... | 1999 | 10494420 |
| effect of induced molting on heterophil function in white leghorn hens. | this study was undertaken to determine the effects of induced molt on basal functional activities of heterophils from aging hens. for this purpose, heterophils from both molted and unmolted hens were examined by in vitro bioassays for functional responsiveness and efficiency. we evaluated the ability of the heterophils to migrate to chemotactic stimuli, phagocytize opsonized and nonopsonized salmonella-enteritidis (se), and generate an oxidative burst in response to inflammatory agonists. a sign ... | 1999 | 10494425 |
| occurrence of salmonella enteritidis in pooled table eggs and market-ready chicken carcasses in zambia. | the level of salmonella enteritidis contamination in zambian table eggs and ready market chicken carcasses was studied. nine of the 240 (3.8%) pooled samples of table eggs and 18 of 382 (4.7%) chicken carcasses were contaminated with s. enteritidis. all the isolates from the table eggs belonged to the enteropathogenic invasive phage type 4, whereas seven isolates from the chicken carcasses belonged to phage type 4, three were phage type 7, and eight were untypable (rough type). all the isolates ... | 1999 | 10494433 |
| myocardial abscess with salmonella infection. | | 1999 | 10498574 |
| prevalence of salmonella serotypes in environmental waters and their relationships with indicator organisms. | the incidence of serotypes of salmonella in three types of environmental water (sea, river and fresh reservoirs) from north-east spain was investigated. the study was performed at specific sampling locations during the summer for a period of five years (1992-1996). a total of 823 strains were isolated and 55 different serotypes were identified, 42 were recovered from sea water, 32 from river water and 12 from freshwater reservoirs. the most frequently isolated serotypes coincided with those invo ... | 1999 | 10510715 |
| induction of human beta-defensin-2 mrna expression by helicobacter pylori in human gastric cell line mkn45 cells on cag pathogenicity island. | helicobacter pylori is an etiological agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2) is an antimicrobial peptide which belongs to one of the most important host defense systems against bacterial infection in several epithelial tissues. we studied the effect of h. pylori on the expression of hbd-2 mrna in mkn45 gastric mucosal cells. h. pylori, but not culture filtrate, increased the hbd-2 mrna level in mkn45 cells; the inductive effect of h. pylori was not de ... | 1999 | 10512755 |
| [properties of salmonella isolates in the czech republic]. | based on a grant project "use and importance of epidemiological markers in salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium in the spread of salmonelloses in children under two years of age" implemented in 1995 to 1997, the authors investigated epidemiological markers in 1,186 salmonella isolates; the strains were isolated from faeces of 838 sick children, from 266 faeces of their contacts, from 49 specimens of incriminated foods and from 33 smears from the children's environment. of 1,186 salm ... | 1999 | 10528444 |
| ciprofloxacin in treatment of nosocomial meningitis in neonates and in infants: report of 12 cases and review. | twelve cases of neonatal and infant nosocomial meningitis treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin in doses of 10 to 60 mg/kg/day are described. four neonates were 21 to 28 days old and eight infants were 2 to 6 months old. six presented with gram-negative meningitis: escherichia coli (2), salmonella enteritidis (1), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1), two with two organisms, and (h. influenzae plus staphylococcus epidermidis, acinetobacter spp. plus s. epidermidis), and six were attributable to gram ... | 1999 | 10529884 |
| muscle infections caused by salmonella species: case report and review. | we describe a patient with salmonella pyomyositis and review 30 other cases reported during the past 4 decades. men outnumbered women by 2.9 to 1, and the median age of the patients was 51 years. approximately one-half the cases were caused by salmonella enteritidis. infected vascular aneurysms were observed in seven patients. prior salmonella infections and local trauma or lesions were common. diverse underlying conditions, mainly diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus infection, were presen ... | 1999 | 10530465 |
| analysis of virulence of clinical isolates of salmonella enteritidis in vivo and in vitro. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major food-borne pathogen, and its incidence among all salmonella serotypes has increased dramatically in the last two decades. to study the virulence characteristics of clinical isolates of s. enteritidis, we determined the 50% lethal doses (ld(50)) in mice of isolates of two major phage types (4 and 8). isolates of both phage types showed a wide range of ld(50) after oral inoculation, varying from under 10(2) organisms to over 10(8 ... | 1999 | 10531212 |
| colonisation of the chicken caecum by afimbriate and aflagellate derivatives of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. | a semi-quantitative cloacal-swab method was used as an indirect measure of caecal colonisation of one-day old and five-day old chicks after oral dosing with wild-type salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 and genetically defined isogenic derivatives lacking the ability to elaborate flagella or fimbriae. birds of both ages were readily and persistently colonised by all strains although there was a decline in shedding by the older birds after about 21 days. there were no significant differen ... | 1999 | 10535772 |
| the effect of probiotic bacteria on the adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal mucus. | human intestinal glycoproteins extracted from faeces were used as a model for intestinal mucus to investigate adhesion of pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella strains, and the effect of probiotics on this adhesion. s-fimbriated e. coli expressed relatively high adhesion in the mucus model, but the other tested pathogens adhered less effectively. probiotic strains lactobacillus gg and l. rhamnosus lc-705 as well as a l. rhamnosus isolated from human faeces were able to slightly reduce s-fim ... | 1999 | 10536300 |
| activation of the cryptic aac(6')-iy aminoglycoside resistance gene of salmonella by a chromosomal deletion generating a transcriptional fusion. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis bm4361 and bm4362 were isolated from the same patient. bm4361 was susceptible to aminoglycosides, whereas bm4362 was resistant to tobramycin owing to synthesis of a 6'-n-acetyltransferase type i [aac(6')-i]. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and southern hybridizations indicated that the chromosomal aac(6')-iy genes for the enzyme in both strains were identical and that bm4362 derived ... | 1999 | 10542165 |
| potential of three-way randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis as a typing method for twelve salmonella serotypes. | the potential of a three-way randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) procedure (rapd typing) for typing salmonella enterica strains assigned to 12 serotypes was analyzed. the series of organisms used included 235 strains (326 isolates) collected mainly from clinical samples in the principality of asturias and 9 reference strains. rapd typing was performed directly with broth cultures of bacteria by using three selected primers and optimized pcr conditions. the profiles obtained with the three ... | 1999 | 10543793 |
| lactobacillus salivarius ctc2197 prevents salmonella enteritidis colonization in chickens. | a rifampin-resistant lactobacillus salivarius strain, ctc2197, was assessed as a probiotic in poultry, by studying its ability to prevent salmonella enteritidis c-114 colonization in chickens. when the probiotic strain was dosed by oral gavage together with s. enteritidis c-114 directly into the proventriculus in 1-day-old leghorn chickens, the pathogen was completely removed from the birds after 21 days. the same results were obtained when the probiotic strain was also administered through the ... | 1999 | 10543812 |
| longevity of pathogenic bacteria especially salmonella in cistern water. | cistern-collected rain water which is used as process water for toilet flushing, cleaning purposes, garden irrigation and linen washing, was experimentally contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacter jejuni. the longevity of those pathogens was investigated considering different temperatures and contents of organic materials. neither salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica nor campylobacter jejuni are able to grow at temperatur ... | 1999 | 10546329 |
| phase variation of the lpf operon is a mechanism to evade cross-immunity between salmonella serotypes. | conventional wisdom holds that phase variation is a mechanism for immune evasion. however, despite fimbrial phase variation, mice previously exposed to salmonella typhimurium are protected against a subsequent challenge. we evaluated whether lpf phase variation instead may be a mechanism to evade cross-immunity between salmonella serotypes. mice were immunized orally with s. typhimurium aroa mutants either that expressed the lpf operon (phase-on variant) or in which the entire lpf operon had bee ... | 1999 | 10557331 |
| hyporesponsiveness of the systemic and mucosal humoral immune systems in chickens infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis at one day of age. | newly hatched chicks lack immunological maturity, which could compromise their ability to respond to infection by pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis; se). a study was conducted in which chicks were infected with a sublethal dose of se at 1 d posthatch, and the systemic and intestinal immune responses to the challenge were followed over time. birds infected at this age experienced difficulty in clearing the infection, and 50% of the individual birds remained ... | 1999 | 10560822 |
| antagonistic action of lactobacillus lactis toward salmonella spp. and escherichia coli o157:h7 during growth and refrigerated storage. | cells of lactobacillus lactis were added to trypticase soy broth that contained cells of escherichia coli o157:h7 or cells of salmonella spp. in order to determine if l. lactis inhibited the pathogens. the inhibition of all pathogens was examined during growth at 37 degrees c for 24 h. inhibition of salmonella spp. was also examined at refrigeration temperatures (6 degrees c) for 5 days. one strain each of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella enteritidis was examined. e. coli ... | 1999 | 10571326 |
| evaluation of culture enrichment procedures for use with salmonella detection immunoassay. | to design efficient culture strategies for use with immunoassays to detect salmonella in food, the growth of these organisms was investigated according to the bacteriological analytical manual (bam) and enrichment-immunoassay (ei) culture procedures. the cultures were further evaluated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. the bam procedure includes pre-enrichment in nutrient broth (nb) for 16 h followed by selective enrichment in either rappaport-vassiliadis (rv) or ... | 1999 | 10574084 |
| detection of salmonella enteritidis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for detecting mrna from the sefa gene of salmonella enteritidis. detection of target mrna was examined from cells grown in buffered peptone water at different temperatures (37, 25 and 15 degrees c) and ph (5.5, 7.2 and 8.5). the results revealed that the levels of transcription of the sefa gene differed depending upon the physiological state of the cells. this affected the sensitivity of the rt-pcr assay. when the as ... | 1999 | 10574087 |
| isolation and detection of listeria spp, salmonella spp and yersinia spp using a simultaneous enrichment step followed by a surface adhesion immunofluorescent technique. | the use of a rapid surface adhesion immunofluorescent (saif) technique for the isolation of three pathogens using a single enrichment step from broth and enriched meat cultures was investigated. buffered peptone water (bpw, 225 ml) was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis and yersinia enterocolitica to a level of 10 cfu ml(-1) and incubated overnight at 30 degrees c. minced beef samples (25 g) were inoculated with the three pathogens to a level of 100 cfu g(-1) and incu ... | 1999 | 10579505 |
| representative salmonella serovars isolated from poultry and poultry environments in saudi arabia. | the authors describe the source and prevalence of pathogenic salmonella serovars among poultry farms in saudi arabia. a total of 1,052 (4%) salmonella isolates were recovered from 25,759 samples of poultry (broilers, layers, broiler breeders and layer breeders) and poultry environments (box liner, litter, drag swab, droppings, mice and feed) were examined bacteriologically between 1988 and 1997 at the poultry disease laboratory at the national agriculture and water research center in riyadh. ele ... | 1999 | 10588014 |
| emergence of salmonella enteritidis outbreaks in broiler chickens in the lebanon: epidemiological markers and competitive exclusion control. | this study investigates the first emergence of salmonella enteritidis outbreaks among chickens in the lebanon and identifies the epidemiological markers of selected recovered enteritidis strains. in addition, the authors evaluate a competitive exclusion approach to control infection in broiler chickens by enteritidis organisms which possess the prevalent identified markers. the basic procedure in this investigation involved recording signs and lesions in eleven broiler chicken flocks on eleven f ... | 1999 | 10588015 |
| vaccination of chickens with a temperature-sensitive mutant of salmonella enteritidis. | one-day old chickens were inoculated with temperature-sensitive mutant e/1/3 of s. enteritidis. two routes of inoculation were used: oral and intraperitoneal (ip). one group of chickens were given two oral inoculations (oral-oral). a second group received two ip inoculations (ip-ip). a third group received the first dose orally and the second ip (oral-ip) and the fourth group was given the first dose ip and the second dose orally (ip-oral). the vaccine strain was safe even when inoculated at hig ... | 2000 | 10590336 |
| reservoir competence of carcinops pumilio for salmonella enteritidis (eubacteriales: enterobacteriaceae). | the histerid beetle carcinops pumilio (erichson) occurs naturally in poultry house manure and is an important predator of house fly eggs and larvae. because efforts to commercially produce c. pumilio have been unsuccessful, one fly control strategy under consideration is the direct transport of adult c. pumilio between poultry houses to facilitate their establishment. however, we demonstrate that c. pumilio is a competent reservoir of salmonella enteritidis (gaertner). adult c. pumilio exposed t ... | 1999 | 10593097 |
| salmonella meningitis and multiple cerebral abscesses in an infant. | the history of a 4-week-old infant with meningitis and multiple cerebral abscesses caused by salmonella enteritidis is reported. management included successful treatment with a prolonged course of antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, neurosurgical drainage and long-term immunoglobulin supplements. no adverse effects of joint toxicity were detected. | 1999 | 10595572 |
| epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in southern italy in the period january 1995-june 1998. | | 1999 | 10596426 |
| [the epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in southern italy in 1980-98: the contribution of molecular typing]. | | 1999 | 10596439 |
| [the pheno- and genotyping of strains of s. enterica serotype enteritidis isolated on the occasion of epidemic foci in children's day care centers in milan]. | | 1999 | 10596440 |
| [the phage typing and pulsed electrophoretic characterization of salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in tuscany]. | | 1999 | 10596441 |
| a rapid strip immunoblot assay for the specific detection of salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens. | a rapid strip immunoblot assay (rsia) was developed using recombinant sef14 antigen. the rsef14-rsia was very specific in detecting antibodies to salmonella enteritidis in chickens. when serum samples obtained from groups of chickens (n = 5) inoculated with six different salmonella serovars were tested in rsef14-rsia, only serum samples obtained from s. enteritidis inoculated birds reacted with rsef14 antigen except for a group of chickens that had been inoculated with s. dublin. to assess the s ... | 1999 | 10598114 |
| relation between complement and the febrile response of guinea pigs to systemic endotoxin. | we reported recently that the complement (c) system may play a role in the febrile response of guinea pigs to intravenous lipopolysaccharide (lps) administration because c depletion abolished the lps-induced rise in core temperature (t(c)). the present study was designed to investigate further the relation between c reduction [induced by cobra venom factor (cvf); 20, 50, 100, and 200 u/animal iv] and the fever of adult, conscious guinea pigs produced by lps injected intravenously (2 microg/kg) o ... | 1999 | 10600909 |
| a novel integron in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, carrying the bla(dha-1) gene and its regulator gene ampr, originated from morganella morganii. | the genetic organization of the gene coding for dha-1 and the corresponding ampr gene was determined by pcr mapping. these genes have been mobilized from the morganella morganii chromosome and inserted into a complex suli-type integron, similar to in6 and in7. however, they are not themselves mobile cassettes. this integron probably includes a specific site for recombination allowing the mobilization of diverse resistance genes, as observed for bla(cmy-1) and bla(mox-1). | 2000 | 10602756 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced biliary factors enhance invasion of salmonella enteritidis in a rat model. | in this study, the role of the hepatobiliary system in the early pathogenesis of salmonella enteritidis infection was investigated in a rat model. intravenous (i.v.) challenge with lipopolysaccharide (lps) has previously been shown to enhance the translocation of normal gut flora. we first confirmed that lps can similarly promote the invasion of s. enteritidis. oral infection of outbred australian albino wistar rats with 10(6) to 10(7) cfu of s. enteritidis led to widespread tissue invasion afte ... | 2000 | 10603360 |
| high intensity pulsed electric fields applied to egg white: effect on salmonella enteritidis inactivation and protein denaturation. | high-intensity electric fields have been successfully applied to the destruction of salmonella enteritidis in diaultrafiltered egg white. the effects of electric field strength (from 20 to 35 kv x cm(-1)), pulse frequency (from 100 to 900 hz), pulse number (from 2 to 8), temperature (from 4 to 30 degrees c), ph (from 7 to 9), and inoculum size (from 10(3) to 10(7) cfu x ml(-1)) were tested through a multifactorial experimental design. experimental results indicate that, for salmonella inactivati ... | 1999 | 10606141 |
| field observations with salmonella enteritidis bacterins. | a study involving 11 commercial layer flocks was conducted to determine the efficacy of salmonella enteritidis bacterins (autogenous or federally licensed). the criterion for evaluation of vaccine efficacy was the presence or absence of s. enteritidis in the environment, the organs of the bird (including ovary and oviduct), and eggs. environmental, rodent, and organ specimens from dead birds as well as eggs were cultured throughout the life of the flock. all layers were obtained from pullet sour ... | 1999 | 10611982 |
| temporal changes in the population genetics of salmonella pullorum. | salmonella pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease, which is characterized by white diarrhea and a high mortality rate in poultry. during the 1990s, the serologic "pullorum" test has occasionally failed to detect infected birds during the early stage of disease. to determine if any recent genetic changes have taken place in s. pullorum to account for poor seroconversion sometimes observed in infected flocks, s. pullorum from 1990s outbreaks and strains isolated prior to the 1980s were typed by ... | 1999 | 10611985 |
| experimental horizontal transmission of salmonella enteritidis strains (phage types 4, 8, and 13a) in chicks. | the recent isolation of phage type 4 salmonella enteritidis strains from poultry and humans in the united states has generated considerable concern because this phage type is predominant in both animals and humans in many other nations. understanding whether the presence of these strains in poultry flocks poses an elevated threat to public health is a critical issue for developing effective disease control programs. the present study evaluated whether s. enteritidis strains of various phage type ... | 1999 | 10611994 |
| a case of salmonella enteritidis septicemia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hepatitis, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. | | 1999 | 10614962 |
| salmonella osteoarticular infection without predisposing factors. | | 1999 | 10615278 |
| effect of sulfatide on acute lung injury during endotoxemia in rats. | experimental studies have shown that intrapulmonary leukocyte sequestration and activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury during endotoxemia. selectins are involved in the adhesion of leukocyte to the endothelium. sulfatide is recognized by p selectin and blocks this adhesion molecule. we studied the effects of sulfatide on endotoxin-induced lung damage in rats. endotoxin shock was produced in male rats by a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 20 mg/kg of salmonella en ... | 1999 | 10619362 |
| the effect of flavophospholipol (flavomycin) and salinomycin sodium (sacox) on the excretion of clostridium perfringens, salmonella enteritidis, and campylobacter jejuni in broilers after experimental infection. | intestinal colonization and shedding of pathogenic bacteria in animal feces is an important factor in both human food safety and animal health. the effect of broiler feed additives flavophospholipol (fpl; flavomycin, bambermycins) and salinomycin sodium (sal; sacox) given singly on the excretion of salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, and clostridium perfringens was studied following controlled infection. the incidence of shedding (number of birds with positive fecal cultures) and the d ... | 1999 | 10626641 |
| effect of chelators and nisin produced in situ on inhibition and inactivation of gram negatives. | the ability of chelators and nisin generated in situ to inhibit and inactivate e. coli and other gram negatives in a model substrate was investigated. the effect of various chelators and different concentrations of exogenous nisin on inhibition of e. coli in broth medium showed that only edta and pyrophosphates were able to cause appreciable inhibition of e. coli by nisin. in a broth where l. lactis ncfb 497 produced nisin in a concentration of 250-300 iu/ml, pyrophosphates were unable to inacti ... | 1999 | 10634702 |
| [the immunotropic properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid from salmonidae milt]. | the study of the immunotropic action of dna from salmon milt showed that it increased the antiinfectious resistance of mice to escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis, stimulated the antibody response to the thymus-dependent corpuscular antigen (sheep erythrocytes), increased the production of the antibody forming cells (afc) in the murine spleen and intensified the absorptive and digestive activities of the cells of the mononuclear phagocytes. the immunotropic properties of the dna permitte ... | 1999 | 10635415 |
| regional prophylaxis with teicoplanin in monolateral or bilateral total knee replacement: an open study. | from january 1991 to june 1997, patients undergoing primary elective monolateral or bilateral total knee replacement (tkr) were consecutively enrolled in a prospective, open clinical study on the efficacy and safety of regional prophylaxis with teicoplanin (tec). those scheduled for monolateral tkr (115 patients) received 400 mg of tec in 100 ml of saline as a 5-min infusion into a foot vein of the leg to be operated on immediately after the tourniquet was inflated to 400 mm hg (ca. 50 kpa). for ... | 2000 | 10639356 |
| [bacterial coxitis caused by salmonella enteritidis. case report and differential diagnostic considerations]. | secondary haematogenous joint involvement is seen in less than 1% of patients with salmonella infections. these atypical infections are frequently encouraged by pre-existing local or systemic disease. we present a case of a patient with known alcohol abuse who developed a septic infection of her right hip requiring resection of the femoral head. histologic analysis showed signs of pre-existing osteonecrosis probably induced by alcohol intake. cartilage and bone were invaded and destructed by an ... | 1999 | 10643396 |
| factors influencing inactivation of salmonella enteritidis in hard-cooked eggs. | the inside of a hen's egg, once considered sterile, is now known to occasionally harbor salmonella enteritidis. at least two recent outbreaks of salmonellosis in which salmonella enteritidis pt34 was involved have been associated with hard-cooked eggs. this study was undertaken to compare d56 degrees c values of salmonella senftenberg 775w and six strains of salmonella enteritidis isolated from outbreaks associated with eggs. d56 degrees c values for salmonella enteritidis in liquid egg yolk ran ... | 2000 | 10643767 |
| evaluation of the petrifilm rapid coliform count plate method for coliform enumeration from surimi-based imitation crab slurry. | the 3m petrifilm rapid coliform count (rcc) plate method was compared with two conventional methods, namely violet red bile agar (vrba) and desoxycholate lactose agar (dla), for enumerating coliforms. the vrba plating method is a reference method in the bacteriological analytical manual and the dla plating method is the method recommended by the food sanitation law of korea for enumeration of coliforms. serratia sp., a coliform that was isolated from frozen surimi, was incubated in surimi-based ... | 2000 | 10643782 |
| tracing the origins of salmonella outbreaks. | | 2000 | 10644222 |
| a role for salmonella fimbriae in intraperitoneal infections. | enteric bacteria possess multiple fimbriae, many of which play critical roles in attachment to epithelial cell surfaces. sef14 fimbriae are only found in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) and closely related serovars, suggesting that sef14 fimbriae may affect serovar-specific virulence traits. despite evidence that sef14 fimbriae are expressed by s. enteritidis in vivo, previous studies showed that sef14 fimbriae do not mediate adhesion to the intestinal epithelium. theref ... | 2000 | 10655518 |
| prophylactic administration of immune lymphokine derived from t cells of salmonella enteritidis-immune pigs. protection against salmonella choleraesuis organ invasion and cecal colonization in weaned pigs. | experiments involving 132 weaned piglets were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine (pilk) derived from the t cells of salmonella enteritidis (se)-immunized pigs to protect weaned piglets from salmonella choleraesuis (sc) infection. fourteen-to-seventeen day-old piglets were weaned and randomly placed into 1 of 5 groups: (1) noninfected controls, (2) pilk 3x noninfected, (3) sc infected controls, (4) pilk 1x sc infected, and (5) pilk 3x sc infected. pil ... | 1999 | 10659371 |
| a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and salmonella enteritidis bacteraemia complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute cholecystitis. | | 2000 | 10662885 |
| accidental salmonella enteritidis vaccine injection leading to finger necrosis--a report of 4 cases. | | 1999 | 10665732 |
| salmonella enteritidis fimbriae displaying a heterologous epitope reveal a uniquely flexible structure and assembly mechanism. | two distinct salmonella fimbrins, agfa and sefa, comprising thin aggregative fimbriae sef17 and sef14, respectively, were each genetically engineered to carry pt3, an alpha-helical 16-amino acid leishmania t-cell epitope derived from the metalloprotease gp63. to identify regions within agfa and sefa fimbrins amenable to replacement with this epitope, pcr-generated chimeric fimbrin genes were constructed and used to replace the native chromosomal agfa and sefa genes in salmonella enteritidis. imm ... | 2000 | 10669594 |
| the antimicrobial properties of chitosan in mayonnaise and mayonnaise-based shrimp salads. | the potential for using chitosan glutamate as a natural food preservative in mayonnaise and mayonnaise-based shrimp salad was investigated. mayonnaise containing 3 g/liter of chitosan combined with acetic acid (0.16%) or lemon juice (1.2 and 2.6%) was inoculated with log 5 to 6 cfu/g of salmonella enteritidis, zygosaccharomyces bailii, or lactobacillus fructivorans and stored at 5 and 25 degrees c for 8 days. in mayonnaise containing chitosan and 0.16% acetic acid, 5 log cfu/g of l. fructivorans ... | 2000 | 10678425 |
| specificity of a conductance assay for enumeration of escherichia coli from broiler carcass rinse samples containing genetically similar species. | experiments were conducted to evaluate the specificity of a rapid method for enumeration of escherichia coli from fresh broiler chicken carcasses. in three separate trials, e. coli, citrobacter freundii, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei were serially diluted and then inoculated into identical broiler chicken carcass rinses. inoculated rinses were mixed with double-strength coliform medium supplemented with 2% dextrose. this mixture was placed in a bactometer module in duplicate, and c ... | 2000 | 10678434 |
| lactobacillus flora in the cloaca and vagina of hens and its inhibitory activity against salmonella enteritidis in vitro. | lactobacilli in the cloaca and vagina of 40 normal laying hens were investigated quantitatively and qualitatively, and their ability to inhibit growth of salmonella enteritidis (se) was examined using a spot-the-lawn technique. all samples of cloacal contents and half the samples of vaginal mucus were positive for lactobacilli. the means +/- sd of total lactobacillus counts in the cloaca and those in the vagina were log10 5.5 +/- 1.1 and 2.5 +/- 2.6 cfu/g, respectively. in the cloaca, lactobacil ... | 2000 | 10685882 |
| [a comparative analysis of the properties of bacteria in the genus salmonella isolated from children in latvia]. | since social and economic changes in latvia in 1991 the incidence of salmonellosis dramatically increased: more than 500 pediatric cases are registered every year. specification of the properties of the salmonella strains isolated in latvia was undertaken. the study demonstrated that acute salmonellosis in pediatric inpatients was mainly due to s.typhimurium (78 per cent) and only in 22 per cent of the patients it was due to s.enteritidis. all the s.typhimurium isolates showed high antibiotic re ... | 2000 | 10690424 |
| fatal neonatal salmonella enteritidis sepsis. | a case history of a fatal neonatal infection caused by salmonella enteritidis group d is reported. the baby deteriorated rapidly at 24 hours after birth with clinical signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen. bloody diarrhea led to a tentative diagnosis of midgut volvulus or necrotizing enterocolitis. autopsy and bacteriologic investigation revealed sepsis by s. enteritidis group d. the same organism was found in cultures taken from stool and vaginal swabs from the mother. this clearly confirmed t ... | 2000 | 10693101 |
| levels of virulence are not determined by genomic lineage of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains. | mouse virulence and the ability to adhere to, and invade cultured mdck cells were investigated in 38 phage type reference strains of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and correlated with genomic lineage. the genomic lineage of 11 of the strains was determined in the present study; one is200 and one ribotype pattern that had not been reported previously were observed. log c.f.u. in the spleen 10 days post intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with 3x10(3) bacteria (logvc10) varied between 2.9 a ... | 1999 | 10694152 |
| electronic network for monitoring travellers' diarrhoea and detection of an outbreak caused by salmonella enteritidis among overseas travellers. | the traveller's diarrhoea network, by which the infectious disease surveillance center is electronically connected with two major airport quarantine stations and three infectious disease hospitals, was launched in february 1988 in japan. the data on travellers' diarrhoea detected is reported weekly by e-mail. two clusters of infection among travellers returning from italy were reported by two airport quarantine stations at the end of september 1998. a total of 12 salmonella isolates from 2 clust ... | 1999 | 10694153 |
| inhibition of pathogenic salmonella enteritidis growth mediated by escherichia coli microcin j25 producing strains. | for the first time, microcin-producing strains showing inhibitory activities against enteropathogen salmonella enteritidis were isolated from poultry intestinal contents. among the numerous strains isolated, two strains of escherichia coli, named j02 and j03, showing the greatest activities against s. enteritidis, were studied. biochemical tests and purification identified the main antagonist compound produced as microcin j25. in order to evaluate the protective potential of e. coli j02 and j03 ... | 1999 | 10696477 |
| ionizing radiation potentiates the induction of nitric oxide synthase by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) or ifn-gamma and lipopolysaccharide in bnl cl.2 murine embryonic liver cells: role of hydrogen peroxide. | the effects of ionizing irradiation on the nitric oxide (no) production in murine embryonic liver cell line, bnl cl.2 cells, were investigated. various doses (5-40 gy) of radiation made bnl cl.2 cells responsive to interferon-gamma alone for the production of no in a dose-dependent manner. small amounts of lipopolysaccharide (lps) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) synergized with ifn-gamma in the production of no from irradiated bnl cl.2 cells, even though lps or tnf-alpha alone did not ... | 2000 | 10699750 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs--united states, 1996-1998. | | 2000 | 10703766 |
| outbreaks of salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs--united states, 1996-1998. | during the 1980s and 1990s, salmonella serotype enteritidis (se) emerged as an important cause of human illness in the united states. the rate of se isolates reported to cdc increased from 0.6 per 100,000 population in 1976 to 3.6 per 100,000 in 1996 (figure 1). case-control studies of sporadic infections and outbreak investigations found that this increase was associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs (1). from 1996 to 1998, the rate of culture-confirmed se cases reported to cdc decl ... | 2000 | 10706440 |
| granulocyte selected live salmonella enteritidis vaccine is species specific. | selection of salmonellae from granulocytes may result in safe and effective vaccine strains. we demonstrated that the reduced virulence of such strains is limited to the species in which the selection was made. repeated (sequential) selection of salmonella enteritidis from chicken granulocytes yielded an avirulent strain for chickens. repeated (sequential) selection of salmonella enteritidis from pig granulocytes (neutrophils) yielded a strain that was comparable to the original wildtype strain. | 2000 | 10717343 |
| survival of some species of salmonella and shigella in mukumbi, a traditional zimbabwean wine. | mukumbi is a traditional zimbabwean wine prepared from a fruit called mapfura by the shona people of zimbabwe and amaganu by the ndebele. the majority of people in africa call the tree marula (sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra). the survival of salmonella group b, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri in unfermented and fermented mapfura (marula) juice (mukumbi) was investigated. it was found that within 30 min of inoculation, there were no longer any viable pathogens ... | 1999 | 10719586 |
| [extra-intestinal salmonella infections in kidney transplant patients]. | immunosuppression to prevent rejection of solid organ transplants is accompanied by an increased risk of infections. the most frequent diseases include cytomegalovirus as well as bacterial infections of the urinary tract and the lung. the rate of enteric salmonella infections is increased in transplant patients. we report on four cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis after kidney allotransplantation. | 2000 | 10719719 |
| [urinary infection caused by non typhi salmonella]. | the aim of this study was to know the frequency and the clinical characteristics of urinary infection by non typhi salmonella in our area in spain. | 2000 | 10721578 |
| prophylactic treatment of endotoxic shock with monophosphoryl lipid a in newborn rats. | mortality due to gram-negative septic shock remains high despite advances in medical care. induction of endotoxin tolerance might be a new treatment strategy to prevent septic shock in the newborn. the present study was performed to show that an injection in pregnant rats of monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl), a nontoxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide (lps), induces tolerance to salmonella enteritidis lps and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) in their offspring. mpl at a dose of 2 mg/kg was in ... | 2000 | 10729723 |
| a case of acute pancreatitis complicating salmonella enteritis. | we report a case of acute pancreatitis complicating salmonella enteritis. a 43-yr-old woman who was admitted to our department because of salmonella enteritis developed clinical acute pancreatitis with laboratory and radiographic signs on the fourth hospital day. she was free from symptoms on the eighth hospital day, but her elevated serum amylase and lipase levels persisted for more than 2 m.o. in this case, clinical acute pancreatitis was a complication of bacterial enteritis caused by salmone ... | 1999 | 10732296 |
| the effects of dietary mannaoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. | the ability of different enteric pathogens and coliforms to trigger agglutination of yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae, ncyc 1026) and a yeast cell wall preparation (mos) was examined. five of seven strains of escherichia coli and 7 of 10 strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis agglutinated mos and sac. cerevisiae cells. strains of salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella pullorum, and campylobacter did not lead to agglutination. two strains that agglutinated mos (s. typhimur ... | 2000 | 10735748 |
| antibacterial activity of garlic powder against escherichia coli o-157. | the antibacterial activity of garlic powder against o-157 was tested by using garlic bulbs post-harvested 1 y. o-157 at 10(6-7) cfu/ml perished after incubation for 24 h with a 1% solution of garlic powder. the use of powder from fresh garlic was more effective for antibacterial activity than that from old garlic; the 1% solution of fresh garlic powder eradicating the o-157 in 6 h. the antibacterial activity was resistant to heat treatment of 100 degrees c for 20 min. the water-soluble component ... | 1999 | 10737231 |
| nosocomial outbreak of salmonella enteritidis in a university hospital. | | 2000 | 10738985 |
| usefulness of the bactec myco/f lytic system for detection of mycobacteremia in a clinical microbiology laboratory. | 278 bactec myco/f lytic system blood cultures for mycobacteria were evaluated between 1997 and 1999. sixty of them were read as positive by the system, being considered 15 of them as false positives. twenty-seven yielded mycobacterial growth (13 mycobacterium avium from 3 patients and 14 mycobacterium tuberculosis from 8 patients). other bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococcus (13 samples), corynebacterium sp. (5 samples), salmonella enteritidis (2 samples) and klebsiella pneumo ... | 2000 | 10739344 |
| survival and filamentation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 at low water activity. | in this study we investigated the long-term survival of and morphological changes in salmonella strains at low water activity (a(w)). salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 survived at low a(w) for long periods, but minimum humectant concentrations of 8% nacl (a(w), 0. 95), 96% sucrose (a(w), 0.94), and 32% glycerol (a(w), 0.92) were bactericidal under most conditions. salmonella rpos mutants were usually more sensitive to bactericidal level ... | 2000 | 10742199 |
| pathogenic role of sef14, sef17, and sef21 fimbriae in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection of chickens. | very little is known about the contribution of surface appendages of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis to pathogenesis in chickens. this study was designed to clarify the role of sef14, sef17, and sef21 fimbriae in serovar enteritidis pathogenesis. stable, single, defined sefa (sef14), agfa (sef17), and fima (sef21) insertionally inactivated fimbrial gene mutants of serovar enteritidis were constructed. all mutant strains invaded caco-2 and ht-29 enterocytes at levels similar to that of th ... | 2000 | 10742278 |
| antagonistic effect of lactobacillus acidophilus, saccharomyces boulardii and escherichia coli combinations against experimental infections with shigella flexneri and salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice. | lactobacillus acidophilus, saccharomyces boulardii and escherichia coli are probiotic strains used individually to protect against enteropathogenic agents. in order to determine if a synergistic effect of the individual protective mechanisms ordinarily attributed to each of these biotherapeutic agents is possible, we orally administered lact. acidophilus h2b20, s. boulardii and e. coli emo (lse) to germfree mice. ten days after colonization of the digestive tract, groups of animals associated (e ... | 2000 | 10747216 |
| activity of hydrolysed lactoferrin against foodborne pathogenic bacteria in growth media: the effect of edta. | lactoferrin was hydrolysed with pepsin and the antimicrobial activity of the resulting hydrolysate (hlf) was studied in 1% peptone, 0.05% yeast extract, 1% glucose (pyg) medium and tryptic soy broth (tsb). hlf was effective against listeria monocytogenes, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis in pyg, however, the highest studied concentration (1.6 mg ml-1) did not inhibit growth of any of these organisms in tsb. the addition of edta enhanced the activity of hlf in tsb, i ... | 2000 | 10747257 |
| salmonella infection of a ventricular aneurysm with mural thrombus. | we describe a case of salmonella infection of a left ventricular aneurysm with a mural thrombus and review 12 cases described in the literature. this entity should be looked for in any patient with persistent or relapsing salmonella bacteremia in whom an intracardiac thrombus is demonstrated. nuclear imaging may help in the diagnosis. a combined medical and surgical approach should be aggressively pursued because patients who do not undergo an aneurysmectomy are unlikely to survive. | 2000 | 10750793 |
| inactivation of the flagellin gene of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strongly reduces invasion into differentiated caco-2 cells. | a nonflagellated mutant of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis was constructed by disrupting the flagellin gene (flic). northern blot analysis indicated that the mutation did not affect expression of the downstream fliu gene. infection experiments with differentiated caco-2 cells revealed that the mutant was about 50-fold less invasive than the wild-type strain, while bacterial adherence was unaffected. complementation of the mutant with an intact flic copy restored flagella formation and e ... | 2000 | 10754244 |
| salmonella enteritidis epidemic. | | 2000 | 10755925 |
| salmonella enteritidis epidemic. | | 2000 | 10755926 |
| development of a new lysis solution for releasing genomic dna from bacterial cells for dna amplification by polymerase chain reaction. | a new lysis solution designated tz, consisting of 2.0% triton x-100 plus 2.5 mg sodium azide/ml in 0.1 m tris-hcl buffer at ph 8.0, yielded higher levels of genomic dna from escherichia coli o157:h7 cells compared with a number of other commonly used cell lysis methods. ethidium bromide stained dna bands resulting from pcr amplification of target dna from 100 cfu of e. coli o157:h7 were readily detected following electrophoresis of agarose gels. in contrast, conventional cell lysis methods faile ... | 2000 | 10756522 |
| recognition of nomenclatural standing of salmonella typhi (approved lists 1980), salmonella enteritidis (approved lists 1980) and salmonella typhimurium (approved lists 1980), and conservation of the specific epithets enteritidis and typhimurium. request for an opinion. | in 1994, the judicial commission of the icsb announced that le minor and popoff's request for an opinion in 1987 to designate salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev. as the type and only species of the genus salmonella was denied. thus, the current species of the genus salmonella are salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhi, salmonella choleraesuis (including six subspecies) and salmonella bongori, with the type species, s. choleraesuis (smith 1894) weldin 1927 (approved ... | 2000 | 10758910 |
| inactivation of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella senftenberg by ultrasonic waves under pressure. | the resistance of salmonella enteritidis (atcc 13076), salmonella typhimurium (atcc 13311), and salmonella senftenberg 775w (atcc 43845) to ultrasonic waves under pressure treatments, at sublethal (manosonication) and lethal temperatures (manothermosonication) in citrate-phosphate buffer and in liquid whole egg was investigated. the influence of treatment parameters on the inactivation rate of manosonication was also studied. decimal reduction times (dt) of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typ ... | 2000 | 10772209 |
| combined effect of antibiotic and competitive exclusion treatment on salmonella enteritidis fecal shedding in molted laying hens. | salmonella enteritidis is an important pathogen for the layer industry, primarily because of its ability to infect hens and ultimately contaminate egg contents. studies have shown that stress situations, such as flock recycling (induced molting), can increase salmonella enteritidis problems in the flock. the present study examined the effect of antibiotic treatment and competitive exclusion (ce) on salmonella enteritidis shedding in the period following molt and 14-day feed withdrawal. in two se ... | 2000 | 10772224 |
| outbreak of salmonella enteritidis caused by contaminated buns peddled by a producer using traveling cars in hyogo and neighboring prefectures in 1999: an epidemiological study using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | | 2000 | 10777857 |
| comparison by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of salmonella enteritidis genotypes from various food poisoning outbreaks from 1997 to 1999 in hyogo prefecture. | | 2000 | 10777858 |