| neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in birds. | endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) exert hormone-like activity in vertebrates and exposure to these compounds may induce both short- and long-term deleterious effects including functional alterations that contribute to decreased reproduction and fitness. an overview of the effects of a number of edcs, including androgenic and estrogenic compounds, will be considered. many studies have been conducted in the precocial japanese quail, which provides an excellent avian model for testing these com ... | 2008 | 18006066 |
| transition of hemoglobin between two tertiary conformations: the transition constant differs significantly for the major and minor hemoglobins of the japanese quail (cortunix cortunix japonica). | we demonstrate that 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) - dtnb - reacts with only cysf9[93]beta and cysb5[23]beta among the multiple sulfhydryl groups of the major and minor hemoglobins of the japanese quail (cortunix cortunix japonica). k(equ), the equilibrium constant for the reaction, does not differ very significantly between the two hemoglobins. it decreases 430-fold between ph approximately 5.6 and ph approximately 9: from a mean of 7+/-1 to a mean of 0.016+/-0.003. quantitative analyses of th ... | 2008 | 17991448 |
| the effect of cadmium in combination with zinc and selenium on ovarian structure in japanese quails. | in this study the effect of cadmium, cadmium+selenium and cadmium+zinc administration on the ovarian structure in japanese quails was studied. the morphometric analysis of the relative volume of primary follicles detected the highest value in control group with a similar value in the group with administration of cadmium with selenium. lower relative volume is reported in group with cadmium and zinc administration and the group with simple cadmium administration (p < 0.05). the relative volume of ... | 2007 | 17990164 |
| analysis of polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r) gene from japanese quail selected for body weight. | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r) is essential for the signalling of growth. in this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection in the japanese quail igf1r coding region and an association study between snps and body weight in two lines (ss and ll) selected for large and small body weight. of 21 snps obtained, a snp at position ab292766:c.2293g>a led to the replacement of a valine with an isoleucine (v765i). the two lines were fixed for alternate alleles, with ... | 2007 | 17956593 |
| divergent selection for shape of growth curve in japanese quail. 3. onset of sexual maturity and basic characteristics of early lay. | 1. the onset of lay, quality of eggs during early lay and gonadal development of both sexes were analysed in meat-type lines of japanese quail, hg and lg divergently selected for high and low relative weight gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant body weight (bw) at 49 d of age. 2. the lg line was sexually mature at an earlier age and lower bw than the hg line. this corresponded with the trend during embryonic and early postnatal development. 3. analysis of gonads also confi ... | 2007 | 17952726 |
| changes in vasotocin immunoreactivity of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of japanese quail in relation to different phases of sexual development. | in relevance to osmoregulatory and reproductive functions, activity of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons may also vary seasonally. the current study was performed to determine annual changes in ir-avt neurons of hypothalamus and adrenal gland function. we examined changes in ir-avt neuron by immunohistochemical method and plasma testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. the steroidogenic interrenal activity was studied by histological and biochemical methods. birds were sampled in febru ... | 2008 | 17900850 |
| brain microvascular and intracranial artery resistance to atherosclerosis is associated with heme oxygenase and ferritin in japanese quail. | oxidative stress and increased oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (oxldl) through free radical-mediated tissue injury may be important factors in the development of extracranial atherosclerotic lesions. however, the roles of oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia in intracranial atherosclerosis is less established. the induction of heme oxygenase (ho) is a cellular response to oxidative stress, and inducible ho (ho-1) may protect against oxidized lipids such as those produced by oxidative s ... | 2008 | 17846865 |
| sexual experience modulates neuronal activity in male japanese quail. | after an initial increase, repeated exposure to a particular stimulus or familiarity with an event results in lower immediate early gene expression levels in relevant brain structures. we predicted that similar effects would occur in japanese quail after repeated sexual experience within brain areas involved in sexual behavior, namely, the medial preoptic nucleus (pom), the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bst), and the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (tna), an avian homolog of medial amygdala. ... | 2007 | 17826778 |
| behavioural and endocrine fear responses in japanese quail upon presentation of a novel object in the home cage. | most tests used to study fear in birds involve transferring them to a novel environment, which constitutes a bias in studies aiming at identifying the neural correlates of a specific fear-inducing situation. in order to investigate fear in birds with minimum interference by humans, behavioural and endocrine responses to the presentation of a novel object in the home cage were investigated in two lines of japanese quail divergently selected for long or short duration of tonic immobility, a behavi ... | 2008 | 17720332 |
| neuroendocrine and immune characteristics of aging in avian species. | avian species show a remarkable diversity in lifespan. the differing lifespan patterns are found across a number of birds, in spite of higher body temperature and apparent increased metabolic rate. these characteristics make study of age-related changes of great interest, especially for understanding the biology of aging associated with surprisingly long lifespan in some birds. our studies have focused on a short-lived avian model, the japanese quail in order to describe reproductive aging and t ... | 2007 | 17675878 |
| expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mrna in the brain of japanese quail embryos. | the present study was conducted to investigate the mrna expression of the two estrogen receptor (er) subtypes eralpha and erbeta in the brain of japanese quail embryos. we found expression of both eralpha and erbeta mrna in homogenate of whole head from 6-day-old embryos, and in brain homogenate from 9- and 12-day-old embryos using real-time pcr. in 9- and 12-day-old embryos the eralpha expression was higher in females than in males. we used in situ hybridization to examine the localization of t ... | 2007 | 17638389 |
| characterization of crf, avt, and acth cdna and pituitary-adrenal axis function in japanese quail divergently selected for tonic immobility. | higher corticosterone (cort) responses to acute stress have previously been reported in quail selected for short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) than for long ti (lti), although behavioral studies indicated that lti quail were more fearful. to investigate adrenal and pituitary function in these quail lines and their possible involvement in the differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis reactivity, we measured cort responses to adrenocorticotropin (1-24 acth), corticotropin- ... | 2007 | 17626128 |
| photoperiodic changes in hypothalamic insulin receptor gene expression are regulated by gonadal testosterone. | in order to adapt to seasonal changes, animals exhibit robust changes in their reproductive status, body weight, and molt. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating such seasonal changes in physiology and behavior are not fully understood. here, we report the photoperiodic regulation of the insulin receptor (ir) gene in the infundibular nucleus (anatomically homologous to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) of the japanese quail. when the birds were transferred from short-day to long-day condition ... | 2007 | 17618942 |
| association of the fads2 gene with omega-6 and omega-3 pufa concentration in the egg yolk of japanese quail. | this study focused on the association of polymorphisms of the fads2 gene with fatty acid profiles in egg yolk of eight japanese quail lines selected for high and low omega-6:omega-3 pufa ratio (h2 = 0.36-0.38). for the identification of polymorphisms within the fads2 gene 1350 bp of cdna sequence were obtained encoding 404 amino acids. five synonymous snps were found by comparative sequencing of animals of the high and low lines. these snps were genotyped by single base extension on 160 japanese ... | 2007 | 17612842 |
| inbreeding in japanese quail estimated by pedigree and microsatellite analyses. | accurately estimating inbreeding is important because inbreeding reduces fitness and production traits in populations. we analyzed information from pedigrees and from microsatellite markers to estimate inbreeding in a line of japanese quail derived from a randombred line (qo) and maintained for 17 generations by pedigreed matings of brothers to groups of sisters. pedigree data were used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient (f(it)), which is the level of inbreeding based on a reference ancesto ... | 2007 | 17602180 |
| differential c-fos expression in the brain of male japanese quail following exposure to stimuli that predict or do not predict the arrival of a female. | we investigated the effects of presenting a sexual conditioned stimulus on the expression of c-fos in male japanese quail. eight brain sites were selected for analysis based on previous reports of c-fos expression in these areas correlated with sexual behaviour or learning. males received either paired or explicitly unpaired presentations of an arbitrary stimulus and visual access to a female. nine conditioning trials were conducted, one per day, for each subject. on the day following the ninth ... | 2007 | 17561846 |
| melatonin and its synthesizing enzymes (arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase-like and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase) in avian eggs and early embryos. | the presence of melatonin and the enzymes (transcripts and activities) involved in its synthesis, i.e. arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat) and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt), was investigated in the eggs and early embryos of japanese quail at hamburger-hamilton stages 1-10. melatonin was present in the egg yolk (approximately 70 pg/g) and albumen (approximately 20 pg/g). the average content of melatonin was approximately 416 pg/egg. aa-nat and hiomt transcripts were present in ... | 2007 | 17349030 |
| cocaine sensitization in male quail: temporal, conditioning, and dose-dependent characteristics. | chronic cocaine administration typically results in increased locomotor activity, known as behavioral sensitization. investigating the time course of locomotor activity across trials may provide a more detailed analysis of the temporal changes that might occur within sensitization. prior research with rodents shows that the peak of locomotor activity shifts from acute to chronic drug administration. the purpose of the current experiment was to investigate acute versus chronic cocaine effects on ... | 2007 | 17316715 |
| effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 on regulation of food intake, body temperature and locomotor activity in the japanese quail. | to investigate the physiological roles of glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (glp-2) in avian species, we elucidated the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of glp-1 and glp-2 on food intake, body temperature and gross locomotor activity in adult japanese quail. both i.p. and i.c.v. administration of glp-1 suppressed food intake at 2, 4 and 12h after administration. moreover, both i.p. and i.c.v. administration of glp-1 si ... | 2007 | 17267112 |
| an age-specific 35-kda phosphoprotein binds to a repressor element in the ovalbumin gene promoter in the avian species japanese quail. | the ovalbumin (ov) gene is expressed in the tubular gland cells of the avian oviduct in a specific manner under the control of developmental, tissue-specific, and hormonal cues. the expression is controlled by an array of positive and negative cis-acting elements present up to 1 kb upstream of its transcription start site. our findings presented in this communication indicate that a well-characterized repressor element may be involved in active repression of the gene during aging. at least two p ... | 2007 | 17263596 |
| morphometrical studies of reproductive system of birds after treatment with dopamine receptor blockers and melatonin. | male japanese quails were treated with melatonin alone or melatonin combined with d1 and d2 dopamine receptor blockers. following the treatment, hypothalamus, pituitary glands and testes were analyzed morphometrically. the results suggest the existence of an interaction between melatonin and dopaminergic system in the brain in the regulation of reproductive processes in immature birds. the character of this interaction alters according to the time of the treatment (morning, afternoon, evening, n ... | 2006 | 17220946 |
| [studies of the eating behavior of japanese quail chicks in the early postnatal period]. | time of the eating reaction (response to video signals) and eating behavior shortly after hatching were studied in japanese quail chicks whose embryonic development took place under normal or changed gravity. chicks partially incubated in a changed gravity showed a much slower eating reaction when compared with the chicks the prenatal development of which occurred under the normal gravity. in the chicks incubated at 1 g and placed in individual cages immediately after dominating afferentation fo ... | 2006 | 17193978 |
| differential effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment on aggressive pecking, feather pecking, feather loss, food wastage and productivity in japanese quail. | 1. we examined the effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment (foraging opportunities, structural complexity, sensory stimulation/novelty, and social companionship) on aggressive and feather pecking, feather condition, food wastage, body weight, feed conversion, and egg production in adult japanese quail. sex differences were examined where possible. 2. glm analysis was used to evaluate the effects of enrichment and housing, while test-retest reliability and the stability of measures over 18 ... | 2006 | 17190672 |
| correlated response in yolk testosterone levels following divergent genetic selection for social behaviour in japanese quail. | maternal effects are a powerful tool that parents can use to modify the phenotype of their offspring. in birds, the amount of androgens that females deposit in their eggs has been shown to influence early development and adult behavioural phenotypes. differences in such behavioural strategies have been used as the target of artificial selection programmes with a view to improve animal welfare. in this study, we tested whether artificial selection for divergent social behaviour in japanese quail ... | 2007 | 17171709 |
| immunotoxicity of trenbolone acetate in japanese quail. | trenbolone acetate is a synthetic androgen that is currently used as a growth promoter in many meat-exporting countries. despite industry laboratories classifying trenbolone as nonteratogenic, data showed that embryonic exposure to this androgenic chemical altered development of the immune system in japanese quail. trenbolone is lipophilic, persistent, and released into the environment in manure used as soil fertilizer. this is the first study to date to assess this chemical's immunotoxic effect ... | 2007 | 17162502 |
| effect of arsanilic acid on performance and residual of arsenic in tissue of japanese laying quail. | three hundred seventy-five 63-d-old laying japanese quail were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups (125 birds per group) and fed the following diets for 40 d, with 30 d on the experimental diets, followed by a 10-d withdrawal period: 1) control; 2) 50 mg of 4-arsanilic acid/kg of feed; and 3) 100 mg of 4-arsanilic acid/kg of feed. each treatment consisted of 5 replicates of 25 birds. during the first 30 d of the experiment, all eggs were recorded, collected, individually weighed dail ... | 2006 | 17135662 |
| effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. | 1. the effects of various sources of natural carotenoids (px alfalfa concentrate, tomato powder and marigold extract) as feed additives in quail diets on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition were investigated. 2. adult japanese quail were fed one of 5 different diets for 23 d: three diets each contained px alfalfa concentrate (px) or tomato powder (tp) or marigold extract (mg), one diet contained marigold extract and tomato powder (mg + tp) and a control diet (wheat/barley based) was ... | 2006 | 17050099 |
| lack of estrogenic or antiestrogenic actions of soy isoflavones in an avian model: the japanese quail. | isoflavones are soy compounds that possess weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. in addition, phytochemicals, including isoflavones, may play a role in regulating seasonal reproductive cycles. as soy is a common constituent in poultry diets, the effect of these compounds on the reproductive system of production birds may be of concern. the present study examined the putative effects of soy isoflavones supplemented into the diet at 1 and 5% using endpoints of growth and reproduction in t ... | 2006 | 17032818 |
| effects of androgen disruption by dde on the development and functioning of the immune system in japanese quail. | we hypothesized that immunosuppression in birds that is caused by exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals occurs mainly through disruption of the development of the androgen-sensitive avian lymphoid organ, the bursa of fabricius. injections of 20.0 or 40.0 mug of p,p'-dde [ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)], an antiandrogen, were administered at embryonic day 1. bursas from only chicks treated with dde were larger than, had fewer follicles, and exhibited vacuolization within follicles ... | 2006 | 16997800 |
| chromosomal localization of a proinsulin transgene in japanese quail by laser pressure catapulting. | transgenic avian bioreactors produce therapeutic recombinant proteins in egg white. to date, however, methods for transgenic modification of the avian genome or determining transgenic status of individual birds are scarce. the dual, but interrelated, goals of this research were to: (1) develop a method of detecting stable dna insertion into japanese quail; and (2) provide a method for gene location on avian chromosomes. we created teflon-coated coverslip slides to facilitate laser pressure catap ... | 2006 | 16906443 |
| targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 expression with locked nucleic acids antisense reveals different thresholds for the hormonal regulation of male sexual behavior in relation to aromatase activity and protein expression. | steroid receptors such as the androgen and estrogen receptors require the presence of several proteins, known as coactivators, to enhance the transcription of target genes. the first goal of the present study was to define the role of src-1 on the steroid-dependent expression of the aromatase protein and its activity in male japanese quail. the second goal was to analyze the rapid plasticity of the pom following antisense treatment interruption. we confirm here that the inhibition of src-1 expre ... | 2006 | 16797739 |
| comparative apparent metabolisable energy values of high, medium and low tannin varieties of sorghum in cockerel, guinea fowl and quail. | 1. nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy values (amen) of three varieties of sorghum (white-low tannin, brown-medium tannin and red-high tannin) were measured in three species of poultry (cockerel, guinea fowl and japanese quail) by a practical diet replacement (total collection) method. 2. each variety of sorghum was tested at two concentrations (200 and 400 g/kg of reference diet) in 6 replications with one cockerel or guinea fowl or two quails per replication. the duration of the t ... | 2006 | 16787858 |
| in ovo exposure quail assay for risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. | although there are in vivo assays using various organisms for the risk assessment of chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties, effective experimental methods for avian species are still under debate. we have developed an in ovo exposure assay using japanese quail eggs, aimed at assessing disrupting effects on avian reproductive development and function. hybrid eggs from brazilian brown male and white egg female quails, which can be genetically sexed by their plumage color after hatching, w ... | 2006 | 16710698 |
| effects of dietary genistein on nutrient use and mineral status in heat-stressed quails. | genistein is a powerful antioxidant and plays a role in calcium and bone metabolism. we evaluated the efficacy of dietary supplementation with genistein on the nutrient use and mineral concentrations in tibia and serum of quails reared at high environmental temperature (34 degrees c). two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 days old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. the birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at 22 degrees c (thermon ... | 2006 | 16651689 |
| plasticity in the expression of the steroid receptor coactivator 1 in the japanese quail brain: effect of sex, testosterone, stress and time of the day. | analysis of nuclear receptor action on the eukaryotic genome highlights the importance of coactivators on gene transcription. the steroid receptor coactivator-1 in particular is the focus of an intense research and physiological or behavioral studies have confirmed that it plays a major role in the modulation of steroid and thyroid receptors activity. however, little is known about the regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 expression the brain. the goal of this study was to determine the ... | 2006 | 16650617 |
| dietary arginine silicate inositol complex during the late laying period of quail at different environmental temperatures. | arginine silicate inositol complex (asidagger; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%) is a novel material which is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. asi offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. poor eggshell quality has been a major economic concern to commercial egg producers. poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot conditions and in older birds. the effects of asi supplementation on e ... | 2006 | 16641032 |
| stressor-induced changes in open-field behavior of japanese quail selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to immobilization. | the effect of no treatment (undisturbed controls; con) or 5 min exposure to immobilization stress (str) before assessment of open-field behavior in japanese quail lines selected for high (high stress; hs) or low (low stress; ls) plasma corticosterone (b) response to a similar immobilization stress was examined. during a 5-min test period in an open field, the following behavioral measurements were made: the latency to ambulate (lamb), the number of open-field floor sectors entered (sectors), and ... | 2006 | 16553267 |
| genetic parameters from univariate and bivariate analyses of egg and weight traits in japanese quail. | fully pedigreed records of a japanese quail population were analyzed for genetic parameters of egg and bw traits. a restricted maximum likelihood (reml) procedure was applied in univariate and bivariate analyses. quantitative genetic analyses, including maternal effects, were carried out on the records of 947 male and 861 female birds (total = 1,808). the traits were analyzed with bird as a random factor to fit the additive direct effect, bird being the individual for which the trait was recorde ... | 2006 | 16523612 |
| effects of atrazine on sexual maturation in female japanese quail induced by photostimulation or exogenous gonadotropin. | the herbicide atrazine has gained recent attention for its reported effects on reproduction in amphibians. the present study examined the putative effects of atrazine during sexual maturation in the photostimulated female japanese quail. furthermore, the effects of atrazine on birds administered exogenous gonadotropin (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin [pmsg]) were investigated. atrazine was administered up to 1,000 ppm in the diet to female quail undergoing photoperiodically induced sexual matur ... | 2006 | 16494247 |
| daily and photoperiod variations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness in japanese quail selected for short or long tonic immobility. | the aims of this study were to investigate the existence of a circadian rhythm of basal corticosterone (b) plasma concentrations in male and female japanese quail lines divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) and the possible effects of photoperiod length on corticotropic axis reactivity. significant peaks in b levels were observed throughout the day in 3 out of the 4 groups used in our experiments. however, b levels remained very low for all groups ( ... | 2005 | 16479951 |
| relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness and age, sexual maturity status, and sex in japanese quail selected for long or short duration of tonic immobility. | the influences of age (4 to 12 wk), sexual maturity status, and sex on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis responsiveness were investigated by measuring changes in peripheral basal levels of corticosterone (b) and responses to 10 min of physical restraint in a crush cage or injection of 1-24 adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) in 2 genotypes of japanese quail divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti). although gonad development was more advanced in ... | 2005 | 16479950 |
| adrenocortical responses of japanese quail to a routine weighing procedure and to tonic immobility induction. | tonic immobility (ti) is induced by brief manual restraint, and it is a commonly used test of fearfulness, particularly in poultry. however, in view of increasing ethical concerns about experimentation on living animals, there is a need to ensure that the tests used do not elicit unacceptable distress. in the united kingdom, there is some debate as to whether ti should be classified as a regulated experimental procedure that requires a home office license to experiment on living animals under th ... | 2005 | 16463963 |
| changes in the activity of soluble arylsulphatase during the post-hatch development and regression after light reduction of japanese quail testes and epididymides. | this study demonstrates that specific activity of soluble arylsulphatase (as) during post-hatch development of japanese quail testes is the highest for testes weighing from 20 to 200mg, and then decreases as the weight of testes increases, while as activity per g of wet tissue decreases steadily for testes weighing over 20 to 30 mg. total as activity showed a steady increase with the increasing weight of testes. the highest increments in the enzyme activity concerned testes weighing up to 30 mg ... | 2007 | 16443338 |
| t(3) implantation mimics photoperiodically reduced encasement of nerve terminals by glial processes in the median eminence of japanese quail. | photoperiodically generated triiodothyronin (t(3)) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh) has critical roles in the photoperiodic response of the gonads in japanese quail. in a previous study, we demonstrated seasonal morphological changes in the neuro-glial interaction between gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) nerve terminals and glial endfeet in the median eminence (me). however, a direct relationship between photoperiodically generated t(3) and seasonal neuro-glial plasticity in the me rem ... | 2006 | 16432711 |
| in ovo exposure to a triazine herbicide: effects of atrazine on circulating reproductive hormones and gonadal histology in young japanese quail. | the triazine herbicide, atrazine, has come under scrutiny for its reported feminizing effects in amphibians. to date, there is little information concerning the effects of atrazine on reproduction in avian species. the current study examined the putative reproductive toxicity of atrazine after exposure in ovo. atrazine at 504, 246, and 123 microg/kg was administered to japanese quail eggs before incubation. the eggs were hatched and the birds raised to 14 days of age. indices of hatchability, se ... | 2006 | 16418894 |
| effect of long and short photoperiod on vasotocin neurons of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of water deprived japanese quail. | the responses of magnocellular neurons of paraventricular nuclei (pvn) and changes to adrenal activity to water deprivation in japanese quail maintained under gonado-inhibitory and stimulatory photoperiods were examined. water deprivation of 4 days resulted in a 12% decrease in body weight of sexually regressed short day (sd, 6l:18d) quail, while the decrease was more (18%) in sexually stimulated long day (ld, 16l:8d) quail. the increase in plasma osmolality following water deprivation was also ... | 2006 | 16406272 |
| aging alters the reduction of pro-apoptotic signaling in response to loading-induced hypertrophy. | this study tested the hypothesis that loading decreased apoptosis in skeletal muscle in an aging-dependent fashion. one wing of young and aged japanese quails was loaded for 7 or 21 days to induce hypertrophy. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. loading increased fast-twitch quail patagialis muscle mass by 28 and 49%, after 7 or 21 days of loading, respectively in young adult birds. muscle mass was not elevated after 7 days of loading, but increased by 29% after 21 days of ... | 2006 | 16377111 |
| rapid changes in production and behavioral action of estrogens. | it is well established that sex steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors, which then act as transcription factors to control brain sexual differentiation and the activation of sexual behaviors. estrogens locally produced in the brain exert their behavioral effects in this way but mounting evidence indicates that estrogens also can influence brain functioning more rapidly via non-genomic mechanisms. we recently reported that, in japanese quail, the activity of preoptic estrogen synthase (aromat ... | 2006 | 16359807 |
| a comparative study of embryonic development of japanese quail selected for different patterns of postnatal growth. | patterns of early embryonic development have traditionally been viewed as invariant within vertebrate taxa. it has been argued that the specific differences which are found arise during the later stages of development. these differences may be a result of allometry, heterochrony or changes in relative growth rates. to test whether early embryonic development is indeed invariant, or whether selection of adult characteristics can alter embryonic growth, we compared embryonic development in birds s ... | 2001 | 16351825 |
| time keeping by the quail's eye: circadian regulation of melatonin production. | previous studies have shown that eye removal disrupts the circadian body temperature and activity rhythms of japanese quail supporting the hypothesis that the eyes act as pacemakers within the quail circadian system. furthermore, the putative ocular pacemakers are coupled to the rest of the circadian system via neural and hormonal outputs. although the neural pathway has yet to be identified, experiments suggest that the daily rhythm of ocular melatonin synthesis and release is the hormonal outp ... | 2006 | 16277985 |
| chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail. | 1. the effects of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (mda), vitamin c, vitamin e, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees c; thermoneutral, tn) or ambient (34 degrees c for 8 h/d; heat stress, hs). both tn and hs were fed ei ... | 2005 | 16268103 |
| molecular mechanism of the photoperiodic response of gonads in birds and mammals. | appropriate timing of various seasonal processes is crucial to the survival and reproductive success of animals living in temperate regions. when seasonally breeding animals are subjected to annual changes in day length, dramatic changes in neuroendocrine-gonadal activity take place. however, the molecular mechanism underlying the photoperiodic response of gonads remains unknown for all living organisms. it is well known that a circadian clock is somehow involved in the regulation of photoperiod ... | 2006 | 16253532 |
| histological changes in immune and endocrine organs of quail embryos: exposure to estrogen and nonylphenol. | effects of 17beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol were examined in the immune and endocrine organs of japanese quail embryos. the test compounds were injected into the yolk of embryonated eggs. injection of estrogen resulted in (1) disappearance of lymphoid cells and flattened development of plicae in the bursa of fabricius, (2) decreased area of thyroid follicles and height of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in the thyroid, (3) increased follicular appearance of the thymus, and (4) development of ... | 2006 | 16246420 |
| post-embryonic development of chicks of the japanese quail under conditions of the limited volume. | according to our results, chicks of the japanese quail can survive within the first 10 days of a life under conditions of the limited volume when their mobility is completely limited. however, their development was impaired in comparison with chicks housed in the common cages. besides, the delay in development of chick's plumage has been observed. the analysis of body mass in test groups has shown that practically all chicks were smaller than chicks from control group. it is the result of feed c ... | 2004 | 16237825 |
| localization of estrogen receptor-alpha and -betamrna in brain areas controlling sexual behavior in japanese quail. | two estrogen receptors (ers), denoted eralpha and erbeta, have been identified in humans and various animal species, including the japanese quail. estrogens play a key role in sexual differentiation and in activation of sexual behavior in japanese quail. the distribution of eralpha in the brain of male and female adult quail has previously been studied using immunohistochemistry, whereas in situ hybridization has been employed to study the distribution of erbeta mrna in males only. in this artic ... | 2006 | 16215996 |
| fluctuating asymmetry and growth as biomarkers for exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals in japanese quail. | the effects of embryonic exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals (adcs) on growth and fluctuating asymmetry (fa) were determined in japanese quail chicks. embryos were exposed to an anti-androgenic chemical, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-dde) at 20 or 40 microg, or to an androgenic chemical, trenbolone acetate, at 5 or 50 microg on day one of incubation. growth was measured by body weight and tarsus and culmen lengths from day of hatch until day 29. fa was measured as dif ... | 2005 | 16215698 |
| use of l-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. | this experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using l-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. a total of 280 japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg l-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (farmagülatör dry plus)/kg and 100 mg l-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. t ... | 2005 | 16156131 |
| subcellular responses of p53 and id2 in fast and slow skeletal muscle in response to stretch-induced overload. | tumor suppressor p53 and inhibitor of dna-binding/differentiation id2 were examined after 7 or 21 days of wing weighting in fast patagialis (pat) and slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) wing muscles of young adult and old japanese quails. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. seven days of loading increased pat and ald muscle weight by 28 and 96%, respectively, in young birds. pat and ald muscle weight was 49 and 179% greater, respectively, than control muscles after 21 day ... | 2005 | 16002773 |
| impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in japanese quail. | many environmental contaminants can interact with the endocrine system, thereby potentially disrupting the reproductive fitness of individuals. in avian species, the egg-yolk is a major route for excretion of lipophilic compounds by the adult female bird and embryos are exposed to contaminants that have been deposited in the eggs. the reproductive and neuroendocrine system of japanese quail undergoes sexual differentiation during embryo development. the phenotypic sex, including sex-specific adu ... | 2005 | 15998507 |
| age-related apoptotic responses to stretch-induced hypertrophy in quail slow-tonic skeletal muscle. | in the present study, we examined the responses of apoptosis and apoptotic regulatory factors to muscle hypertrophy induced by stretch overload in quail slow-tonic muscles. the wings from one side of young and aged japanese quails were loaded by attaching a tube weight corresponding to 12% of the bird's body weight for 7 or 21 days. muscle from the contralateral side served as the intraanimal control. relative to the intraanimal contralateral control side, the muscle wet weight increased by 96% ... | 2005 | 15972839 |
| laser pressure catapulting followed by b actin gene identification in japanese quail macrochromosomes and microchromosomes using teflon-coated coverslip slides. | laser microdissection of individual mammalian chromosomes (> 2 microm) has been achieved though the use of a microscope slide coated with a polyethylene naphthalate (pen) membrane. although these slides have proved sufficient for larger chromosomes, they are insufficient for small chromosomes (< 1 microm). we have developed a new type of slide which allows laser microdissection of single japanese quail microchromosomes (0.5 microm) and macrochromosomes (3-4 microm). to test the usefulness of the ... | 2005 | 15958014 |
| early embryonic administration of xenoestrogens alters vasotocin system and male sexual behavior of the japanese quail. | the copulatory behavior and the parvocellular vasotocin (vt) system of the nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst) are sexually dimorphic in the japanese quail. embryonic administration of estradiol benzoate (eb) induces an organizational effect determining the disappearance of such a dimorphism (male shows behavior and cerebral phenotype of the female). the vt parvocellular system can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual differentiation of brain circuits and a very sensitive i ... | 2005 | 15950431 |
| effects of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol) and p-nonylphenol on the development of immune organs in male japanese quail. | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of estrogen and endocrine disrupters on the immune organs of japanese quail. we used p-nonylphenol (np) as a model endocrine disrupter. birds were injected with 17 beta-estradiol (e2) in doses of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 ng/g body weight and np in doses of 1000, 100 and 10 ng/g body weight from 4 to 7 weeks of age. the data indicate injection of e2 during the growth phase resulted in cyst formation, increased connective tissue, disappearance of lymphoid ... | 2005 | 15915150 |
| dietary modulation of lens zeaxanthin in quail. | although higher dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin has been associated with reduced risk for cataracts, the impact of dietary supplements on lens lutein (l) or zeaxanthin (z) has not been examined. if higher lens carotenoids do reduce risk for cataract, it would be essential to know whether dietary carotenoids can elevate carotenoids in the adult vertebrate lens. in this study, a covey of japanese quail were hatched and raised 6 months on carotenoid-deficient diet, then switched to deficient di ... | 2005 | 15913607 |
| incorporation of competitive effects in forest tree or animal breeding programs. | competition among domesticated plants or animals can have a dramatic negative impact on yield of a stand or farm. the usual quantitative genetic model ignores these competitive interactions and could result in seriously incorrect breeding decisions and acerbate animal well-being. a general solution to this problem is given, for either forest tree breeding or penned animals, with mixed-model methodology (blup) utilized to separate effects on the phenotype due to the individuals' own genes (direct ... | 2005 | 15911590 |
| atrazine and the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in sexually maturing precocial birds: studies in male japanese quail. | the herbicide atrazine is a putative endocrine disruptor. the present studies investigated the effects of atrazine in male japanese quail during sexual maturation. atrazine was administered for two weeks in the diet or systemically to birds under long photoperiods. atrazine had no effect on mortality but depressed both feed intake and growth (average daily gain [adg] in g/day) at dietary concentrations of 1000 ppm. atrazine in the diet at 10 ppm, but at no other concentrations, increased testes ... | 2005 | 15829615 |
| organizational effects of diethylstilbestrol on brain vasotocin and sexual behavior in male quail. | in japanese quail, we previously described a sexual dimorphism of the parvocellular vasotocin system of the limbic region that, as the reproductive behavior, is steroid-sensitive and is organized during embryonic life by the exposure to estradiol. we verified in this study whether diethylstilbestrol, a chemical xenoestrogen, has analogous organizational effects on the vasotocin system of limbic regions and on copulatory behavior of male japanese quail. we injected in the yolk sac of 3 day-old qu ... | 2005 | 15811585 |
| effects of endocrine modulators on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in male japanese quail. | a number of environmental contaminants have been shown to interfere with the endocrine system. many of these compounds bind to estrogen receptors, thereby potentially disrupting estrogen-regulated functions. in this paper, we review some background data on avian sexual differentiation and present some of the results from our studies on effects of estrogenic chemicals administered during sexual differentiation in the japanese quail. initially, our goal was to elucidate whether a decreased male se ... | 2005 | 15811583 |
| assessing the consequences of the pesticide methoxychlor: neuroendocrine and behavioral measures as indicators of biological impact of an estrogenic environmental chemical. | japanese quail provide an advantageous avian model for assessing long-term biological consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). these studies examined route of exposure and vulnerability to biological impact of edcs over the life cycle in a precocial avian model, the japanese quail. embryonic exposure occurs with maternal deposition and methoxychlor (mxc) accumulated with maternal exposure. egg injections of mxc or estradiol at selected stages of development impacted hypothalamic ne ... | 2005 | 15811582 |
| effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and tissue chromium levels of japanese quails. | this study was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, blood chemistry, and tissue distribution of chromium (cr3+) in quails. two hundred forty 1-d-old japanese quails were divided into five groups with four replicates and were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 80, or 100 mg/kg cr (crcl3.6h2o) until 38 d of age. chromium supplementation decreased carcass fat percentage, serum low-density ... | 2005 | 15772442 |
| two new plumage mutations in the japanese quail: "curly" feather and "rusty" plumage. | the genetics of plumage of japanese quail is of interest both from a biological standpoint, for comparative studies between avian species, and from a zootechnical standpoint, for identifying commercial selection lines or crosses. there are only few plumage mutations reported in quail, and the present work describes a new color variant "rusty" and a new feather structure "curly", and their heredity from an f1 and f2 segregation experiment. | 2005 | 15760477 |
| the reciprocal switching of two thyroid hormone-activating and -inactivating enzyme genes is involved in the photoperiodic gonadal response of japanese quail. | the molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic time measurement are not well understood in any organism. relatively recently, however, it has become clear that thyroid hormones play an important role in photoperiodism, and in a previous study we reported that long daylengths in japanese quail increase hypothalamic levels of t(3) and of the thyroid hormone-activating enzyme, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase. the present study extends these observations to measure gene levels of the thyroid horm ... | 2005 | 15746251 |
| nongenomic inheritance of emotional reactivity in japanese quail. | avian scientific literature includes few reports on the influence of characteristics of mothers on the behavior of their offspring. by comparing young domestic japanese quail raised by adoptive mothers with high levels of general emotional reactivity (e+ mothers) to young raised by adoptive mothers with low levels of general emotional reactivity (e- mothers), we evaluated the influence of characteristics of mothers on the behavioral development of their offspring. our results revealed that gener ... | 2005 | 15690384 |
| sexual behavior activates the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zenk (egr-1) in catecholaminergic neurons of male japanese quail. | we analyzed the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zenk (egr-1) in the brain of male quail that were gonadally intact (i) or castrated and treated (cx+t) or not (cx) with testosterone and had been exposed for 60 min either to a sexually mature female (f), or to an empty arena (ea) or were left in their home cage (hc). alternate sections in the brains collected 90 min after the start of behavioral interactions were stained by immunocytochemistry for the proteins fos or zenk alone o ... | 2005 | 15680688 |
| an animal model of fetishism. | an animal model of sexual fetishism was developed with male japanese quail based on persistence of conditioned sexual responding during extinction to an inanimate object made of terrycloth (experiments 1 and 3). this persistent responding occurred only in subjects that came to copulate with the terrycloth object, suggesting that the copulatory behavior served to maintain the fetishistic behavior. sexual conditioning was carried out by pairing a conditioned stimulus (cs) with the opportunity to c ... | 2004 | 15500813 |
| aging influences cellular and molecular responses of apoptosis to skeletal muscle unloading. | the influence of aging on skeletal myocyte apoptosis is not well understood. in this study we examined apoptosis and apoptotic regulatory factor responses to muscle atrophy induced via limb unloading following loading-induced hypertrophy. muscle hypertrophy was induced by attaching a weight to one wing of young and aged japanese quails for 14 days. removing the weight for 7 or 14 days after the initial 14 days of loading induced muscle atrophy. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal c ... | 2005 | 15483226 |
| seasonal change in luteinizing hormone subunit mrna in japanese quail and effects of short daylength and low temperature. | changes in pituitary mrna levels of lhbeta-subunit (lhbeta) and glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (common alpha) were investigated in male japanese quail under natural and laboratory conditions to clarify the mechanisms of seasonal regulation of luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion. in experiment 1, birds were kept in outdoor cages under natural conditions from august for 12 months. both lhbeta and common alpha mrna levels decreased rapidly from august to september, and after a period of low leve ... | 2004 | 15474534 |
| effect of 17beta estradiol and progesterone on the conformation of the chromatin of the liver of female japanese quail during aging. | plasma levels of 17beta estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in immature, adult and old female japanese quails. the levels of progesterone and the progesterone/estradiol ratio were maximum in adult, egg laying birds. conformation of the chromatin of the liver of birds of various ages before and after administration of steroid hormones was studied by digesting the nuclei with micrococcal nuclease (mnase) and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease i (dnase i) followed by electrophore ... | 2004 | 15374094 |
| age-related and steroid induced changes in the histones of the quail liver. | histones were extracted from the liver of young, adult and old japanese quails. both linker and core histones were found to vary with age. an extra band, h3x, was found between h2a and h4. its level is higher in young and old birds in comparison to that of the adult. h3x shows interesting changes under steroid induction. its level is higher in progesterone administered young birds. in adult and old birds, it is higher in progesterone treated (p) and progesterone primed estradiol administered (p+ ... | 2004 | 15374037 |
| expression of hypothalamic arginine vasotocin gene in response to water deprivation and sex steroid administration in female japanese quail. | arginine vasotocin (avt) is a neurohypophyseal hormone involved in reproductive function and control of osmoregulation in birds. in view of the dual function of avt, the present experiment was designed to observe the effect of water deprivation (wd) and sex steroid [estradiol benzoate (eb) and testosterone propionate (tp)] treatment independently, as well as simultaneously, on the profile/activity of the hypothalamic avt system. wd resulted in a significant increase in plasma osmolality, sodium ... | 2004 | 15277557 |
| dose-dependent cocaine place conditioning and d1 dopamine antagonist effects in male japanese quail. | the dopamine d1 receptor subtype has been implicated in drug reward processes in mammals. two experiments investigated whether dose-dependent differences in cocaine conditioned place preference (cpp) would be obtained in an avian species and whether these cocaine effects were mediated by the dopamine d1 antagonist r(+/-)-sch23390. in experiment 1, male birds were given intraperitoneal injections of 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of cocaine hydrochloride, paired with a chamber that contained distinct visu ... | 2004 | 15276793 |
| effects of central administration of naloxone during the extinction of appetitive sexual responses. | several studies indicate that opioids are involved in the control of consummatory sexual behavior in male japanese quail. naloxone has been reported to increase copulatory responses. in the current study, the effect of naloxone on appetitive sexual behaviors was assessed during extinction test trials. naloxone was found to substantially reduce appetitive responding, suggesting that opioids differentially affect anticipatory and contact components of sexual behavior. | 2004 | 15265655 |
| retinal target cells of the centrifugal projection from the isthmo-optic nucleus. | although the avian retina has long been known to receive projection from a midbrain nucleus, the isthmo-optic nucleus (ion), the output of its target cells has remained obscure. we labeled the isthmo-optic (io) terminals in the japanese quail retina, by using anterograde transport of fluorescent tracer injected into the ion, and then labeled target cells for these terminals by means of intracellular tracer injection under direct microscopic observation. somata of the io target cells (iotcs) lie ... | 2004 | 15248195 |
| divergent selection for shape of growth curve in japanese quail. 2. embryonic development and growth. | 1. embryonic growth and development were analysed using meat type lines of japanese quail, hg and lg, divergently selected for shape of the growth curve. a total of 1020 embryos of generations 9, 10 or 13 were used for analysis. 2. considerable inter-line differences were observed in the rate of embryonic development. when compared to hg, lg embryos appeared to be developmentally accelerated during the first 42 h of incubation (larger blastoderm diameter, more somites and higher frequency of mor ... | 2004 | 15222413 |
| immediate early gene expression associated with induction of brooding behavior in japanese quail. | certain species can be induced to foster infant or neonatal animals through the process of sensitization. we induced brooding behavior in adult japanese quail through repeated exposure to foster chicks across five 20-min trials. brooding behavior was characterized by a bird allowing chicks to approach and remain underneath its wings while assuming a distinctive stationary crouching posture, preening, and feather fluffing. birds who did not show brooding behavior actively avoided chicks. among th ... | 2004 | 15215038 |
| seasonal morphological changes in the neuro-glial interaction between gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals and glial endfeet in japanese quail. | in a previous study we showed that photoperiodically generated t3 in the hypothalamus is critical for the photoperiodic response of gonads in japanese quail. the expression of thyroid hormone receptors in the median eminence (me) suggested that photoperiodically generated t3 acts on the me. because thyroid hormone is known to play a critical role in the development and plasticity of the central nervous system, in the present study we have examined ultrastructure of the me in japanese quail kept ... | 2004 | 15178649 |
| influences of social learning on mate-choice decisions. | evidence from both field and laboratory is consistent with the hypothesis that animals can acquire mate preferences by observing the mating behavior of others. it is difficult, however, to distinguish social learning about mates from a host of other social effects on mating that do not produce changes in preferences. examples are drawn from laboratory studies on mate choice in female and male japanese quail that illustrate ways in which social cues influence mating decisions. quail of both sexes ... | 2004 | 15161145 |
| variation in temperature increases the cost of living in birds. | the effect of temperature variability on laying birds was studied experimentally, using japanese quail. two aspects of temperature variability were investigated: the effects of regular daily variation in temperature, and of a sudden change in temperature. both of these may become more common as a consequence of climate change. these manipulations were carried out at two levels of food supply. energy expenditure increased with higher daily temperature variation, and also after a sudden change in ... | 2004 | 15143140 |
| assessment of a caudal external thoracic artery axial pattern flap for treatment of sternal cutaneous wounds in birds. | to assess the use of a caudal external thoracic artery axial pattern flap to treat sternal cutaneous wounds in birds. | 2004 | 15077694 |
| aromatization of androgens into estrogens reduces response latency to a noxious thermal stimulus in male quail. | we recently demonstrated the presence of estrogen synthase (aromatase) and of estrogen receptors in the dorsal horn (laminae i-ii) throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the spinal cord in male and female japanese quail. the spinal laminae i-ii receive and process abundant sensory information elicited, among others, by acute noxious stimulation of the skin and resulting in rapid, reflex-like withdrawal behavior. in the present study, we demonstrate that systemic treatment with estradiol or testos ... | 2004 | 15047013 |
| circadian expression of clock gene in the optic tectum of japanese quail. | the physiological activity of avian optic tectum (teo) is known to be regulated by the circadian system. in a previous study, we found clock gene expression in the teo of japanese quail. here we report rhythmic expression of the per2 gene in the stratum griseum et fibrosum (sgf) of the teo under a light--dark (ld) cycle, constant darkness (dd), and constant light (ll) conditions. however, light pulse did not affect per2 expression in the teo. these results suggest that light stimulus and melaton ... | 2004 | 15044078 |
| sequential pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis in quail and the effect of selenium supplementation in modifying the disease process. | feeding of aflatoxin b1 @ 1 ppm to 2-week old japanese quail for a period of 8 weeks produced gross and microscopic changes in the liver, skeletal muscles, heart and bursa of fabricius. these included fatty changes, bile duct hyperplasia and lymphoid aggregation in liver; haemorrhages in thigh, breast muscles and myocardium; mild depletion of lymphocytes, cystic degeneration and fibrous tissue proliferation in bursa of fabricius. more or less similar lesions were seen in quail chicks fed on afla ... | 2004 | 15008352 |
| aromatase (estrogen synthase) activity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord: functional implications. | the presence of aromatase (estrogen synthase) in neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in japanese quail suggests that estrogens produced locally from androgens could control spinal sensory processes including nociception. we used the hot water nociceptive test (54 degrees c) to appraise the long-term effect of an inhibition of aromatization on the foot withdrawal latency in male quail. four weeks after the ablation of their main source of testosterone (testes), castrated males displayed ... | 2003 | 14993059 |
| [peculiarities of eye morphogenesis in embryonic japanese quails developed in microgravity]. | this work is a part of comprehensive research into the effects of space flight on japanese quail ontogenesis. analysis of eye morphogenesis in the embryonic japanese quails developed in microgravity discovered considerable deviations and abnormalities. ocular abnormalities in the embryonic quail were mainly micro-ophthalmic and associated with disproportional growth of the pigmental epithelium and neural retina which resulted in plication and a broken sandwich structure of the retina. | 2003 | 14959621 |
| morphometry of otoconia in the utricle and saccule of developing japanese quail. | the development of otoconia in the utricular and saccular maculae from initial embryonic formation to adult stages was examined in japanese quails. both the morphology and size of the otoconia were quantified at different developmental stages. it was observed that the otoconia were initially formed on embryologic stage e5 in the saccule and e6 in the utricle. otolith mass areas increased in a sigmoidal growth pattern, with saccular otolith areas being smaller than the utricular mass areas. saccu ... | 2004 | 14759573 |
| daily organization of laying in japanese and european quail: effect of domestication. | in the present study, we aimed to examine the possible effects of domestication on the daily organization of laying in female quail. to achieve this we compared laying patterns in a laboratory strain of japanese quail with those in european quail originating from a wild population. under ld 14:10, the same specific laying window was observed, with ovipositions occurring mainly between 7 h and 15 h after lights on. thus, domestication did not modify the specific daily organization of laying in fe ... | 2004 | 14743518 |
| genetic similarity and relationships of dna fingerprints with performance and with heterosis in japanese quail lines from two origins and under reciprocal recurrent or within-line selection for early egg production. | dna fingerprints of japanese quail male and female pure line breeders were obtained with probes 33.6, 33.15, and r18.1 and they yielded a total of 59 scoreable bands. bandsharing (0<bs<1) was calculated within and between six quail lines of two origins, and under reciprocal recurrent (aa and bb), within-line (dd and ee) or no (pp and ff) selection. twenty one pair types were compared. bs was 0.30 higher within line than between lines. bs with the control line was smaller for reciprocal recurrent ... | 2009 | 14736393 |
| photoperiodic regulation of type 2 deiodinase gene in djungarian hamster: possible homologies between avian and mammalian photoperiodic regulation of reproduction. | the molecular mechanisms responsible for seasonal time measurement have yet to be fully described. recently, we used differential analysis to identify that the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (dio2) gene is responsible for the photoperiodic response of gonads in japanese quail. it was found that expression of dio2 in the mediobasal hypothalamus is induced by light and that t(3) content in the mediobasal hypothalamus increased under long day conditions. in addition, we showed that intracerebroven ... | 2004 | 14726436 |
| relation between tonic immobility and production estimated by factorial correspondence analysis in japanese quail. | duration of tonic immobility (ti) is a well-established criterion of fearfulness in birds, but its relation to production traits has been little studied. ti and 27 variables related to egg production and quality, feed consumption, and body condition were collected for 355 female japanese quail. experimental birds were the f2 generation from a reciprocal cross between a line selected for long ti and a line from a different origin and selected for early egg production. ti and several other variabl ... | 2003 | 14717540 |
| vitamin e and selenium supplementation to alleviate cold-stress-associated deterioration in egg quality and egg yolk mineral concentrations of japanese quails. | the effects of vitamin e (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) and selenium (se; na2-seo3) on egg production, egg quality, and mineral content of egg yolk in japanese quails reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees c) were evaluated. birds (n=300; 7 wk old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups, 25 birds per group. the birds in a 3 x 2 factorial design received either three levels of vitamin e (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg diet) or two levels of selenium (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg diet). after 2 wk o ... | 2003 | 14716097 |