| rapid determination of amino acids in beer, red wine, and donkey-hide gelatin by gradient elution of hplc: from micellar liquid chromatography to high submicellar liquid chromatography. | amino acids (aas) in beer, red wine, and donkey-hide gelatin were rapidly determined by gradient lc elution from micellar lc to high submicellar lc. mobile phase a was a 0.075 m sodium dodecyl sulfate solution containing 20 mm ammonium acetate with a ph value adjusted to 3.5 with acetic acid solution, and mobile phase b was acetonitrile. optimized chromatographic conditions were as follows: mobile phase b increased from 25 to 60% (v/v) in 30 min and the use of a venusil xbp c18 column (5 µm, 250 ... | 2018 | 28762321 |
| donkey´s milk is well accepted and tolerated by infants with cow´s milk food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: a preliminary study. | | 2017 | 28731417 |
| rapid communication: generation offgf5knockout sheep via the crispr/cas9 system. | sheep are an important source of fiber production. fibroblast growth factor 5 (fgf5) is a dominant inhibitor of length of the anagen phase of the hair cycle. knockout or silencing of the gene results in a wooly coat in mice, donkeys, dogs, and rabbits. in sheep breeding, wool length is one of the most important wool quality traits. however, traditional breeding cannot accurately and efficiently mediate an advanced genotype into the sheep genome. in this study, we generated 3 knockout sheep via t ... | 2017 | 28727005 |
| th1/th2 balance and humoral immune response to potential antigens as early diagnostic method of equinestrongylusnematode infection. | the aim of this study was to investigate the early diagnosis of strongyle infection based on early changes in th1 and th2 cytokines beside the diagnostic accuracy values and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blotting profiles using prepared strongyles antigens. | 2017 | 28717322 |
| total phallic reconstruction after penile amputation for donkey bite: case report and review of the literature. | there are very few reported cases of traumatic amputation of the male genitalia due to animal bite. the management involves thorough washout of the wounds, debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis, tetanus and rabies immunization followed by immediate reconstruction or primary wound closure with delayed reconstruction, when immediate reconstruction is not feasible. when immediate reconstruction is not feasible, long-term good functional and cosmetic results are still possible in the majority of cases ... | 2017 | 28679197 |
| evaluation of ovarian structures using computerized microtomography. | visualization and clear understanding of the ovarian structures are important in determining the stage of oestrus, helping to diagnose several pathologies and supporting advances in reproductive technologies. in this research, computerized microtomography (microct) was used to explore and characterize the ovarian structure of seven mammalian species. ovaries of rats, female dog, queens, cows, mares, sows and a female donkey were used. after microct scanning, the same samples were prepared for hi ... | 2017 | 28678959 |
| trans-endoscopic diode laser fenestration of equine conchae via contralateral nostril approach. | to describe and report preliminary outcomes of a contralateral trans-nasal endoscopic laser fenestration of the conchae for endoscopic examination and treatment of paranasal sinuses in horses. | 2017 | 28643340 |
| the branching pattern of the brachiocephalic trunk in the donkey (equus asinus). | donkeys are a member of the horse family (equidae) and share a common ancestor. however, in morphological terms, donkeys and horses are regarded as two separate subgenus. given variations in the branching pattern of the brachiocephalic trunk (bct) in different species of animals and the use of donkeys in anatomy courses at colleges of veterinary medicine, we conducted this study in order to investigate the branching patterns of bct and to describe detailed morphological information regarding don ... | 2017 | 28547914 |
| seasonal variation of strongylosis in working donkeys of ethiopia: a cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. | helminths are one of the major health problems of working donkeys, often with heavy worm burden and contributing to their early demise and/or reduction in their work output. cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to investigate the current infection prevalence and level of strongyles infection donkeys would acquire through different seasons in the mid-lowland agro-ecological zones of ethiopia. for this purpose, faecal samples from 206 (cross-sectional study) and 102 (longitudina ... | 2017 | 28536880 |
| follicular size predicts success in artificial insemination with frozen-thawed sperm in donkeys. | in asses, semen collection, cryopreservation, and artificial insemination (ai) with frozen-thawed semen have been scarcely described and success rate, particularly following ai, is reportedly low. in the absence of reliable protocols, assisted reproductive technologies cannot support the conservation efforts aimed at endangered wild ass species and domestic donkey breeds. two experiments were conducted in this study. in experiment 1 we evaluated freezing abyssinian donkey (n = 5, 4 ejaculates ea ... | 2017 | 28520723 |
| a model to infer the demographic structure evolution of endangered donkey populations. | stemming from the worldwide donkey breeds project, an initiative aiming at connecting international researchers and entities working with the donkey species, molecularly tested pedigree analyses were carried out to study the genetic diversity, structure and historical evolution of the andalusian donkey breed since the 1980s to infer a model to study the situation of international endangered donkey breeds under the remarkably frequent unknown genetical background status behind them. demographic a ... | 2017 | 28506326 |
| detecting taxonomic and phylogenetic signals in equid cheek teeth: towards new palaeontological and archaeological proxies. | the plio-pleistocene evolution ofequusand the subsequent domestication of horses and donkeys remains poorly understood, due to the lack of phenotypic markers capable of tracing this evolutionary process in the palaeontological/archaeological record. using images from 345 specimens, encompassing 15 extant taxa of equids, we quantified the occlusal enamel folding pattern in four mandibular cheek teeth with a single geometric morphometric protocol. we initially investigated the protocol accuracy by ... | 2017 | 28484618 |
| angiographic anatomy of the extracranial and intracranial portions of the internal carotid arteries in donkeys. | in horses, the extracranial and intracranial pathway of the internal carotid artery has been described. the extracranial pathway of the internal carotid artery begins at the carotid termination and runs on the dorsal surface of the medial compartment of the guttural pouch. thereafter the internal carotid artery passes through the foramen lacerum to continue intracranially, forming part of the rostrolateral quadrants of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis). the objectives of this study ... | 2017 | 28439406 |
| characterization of bacterial communities of donkey milk by high-throughput sequencing. | the interest in donkey milk (dm) is growing because of its functional properties and nutritional value, especially for children with allergies and food intolerances. however, most of the available reports of dm microbiota are based on culture-dependent methods to investigate food safety issues and the presence of lactic acid bacteria (lab). the aim of this study was to determine the composition of dm bacterial communities using a high-throughput sequencing (hts) approach. bulk milk samples from ... | 2017 | 28431310 |
| a functional approach to the body condition assessment of lactating donkeys as a tool for welfare evaluation. | the breeding of lactating donkeys is increasing in western europe; with it the evaluation of body condition is growing in importance since it is considered a key principle for their welfare. however, assessment of body condition is a complex task, since several factors are involved. the aim of the present study is to investigate which animal-based indicators are the most reliable to describe the body condition of lactating donkeys. for this purpose, new animal-based indicators, which are easy to ... | 2017 | 28367363 |
| effect of dietary plant extract on meat quality and sensory parameters of meat from equidae. | plant extracts as lippia spp. have been proven antioxidant properties. recent studies have been shown that dietary supplementation with plant extracts is able to enhance meat quality parameters. studies regarding meat quality in equidae are limited. | 2017 | 28349536 |
| characterisation of clotting factors, anticoagulant protein activities and viscoelastic analysis in healthy donkeys. | studies have demonstrated differences in commonly measured haemostatic parameters between donkeys and horses. whether clotting factors, anticoagulant protein activities and thromboelastography parameters also differ between species is still unknown. | 2017 | 28323357 |
| comparison of sedation and mechanical antinociception induced by intravenous administration of acepromazine and four dose rates of dexmedetomidine in donkeys. | to assess and compare the sedative and antinociceptive effects of four dosages of dexmedetomidine in donkeys. | 2017 | 28291587 |
| new approach to assess sperm dna fragmentation dynamics: fine-tuning mathematical models. | sperm dna fragmentation (sdf) has been proved to be an important parameter in order to predict in vitro the potential fertility of a semen sample. colloid centrifugation could be a suitable technique to select those donkey sperm more resistant to dna fragmentation after thawing. previous studies have shown that to elucidate the latent damage of the dna molecule, sdf should be assessed dynamically, where the rate of fragmentation between treatments indicates how resistant the dna is to iatrogenic ... | 2017 | 28286648 |
| dietary verbascoside supplementation in donkeys: effects on milk fatty acid profile during lactation, and serum biochemical parameters and oxidative markers. | various uses of donkeys' milk have been recently proposed for human consumption on the basis of its nutritional characteristics. improvements in milk fatty acid profile and animal oxidative status can be induced through dietary supplementation of phenolic compounds. the study aimed to evaluate in donkeys the effects of dietary supplementation with verbascoside (vb) on: (i) the fatty acid profile and vitamins a and e contents of milk during a whole lactation, and (ii) blood biochemical parameters ... | 2017 | 28264745 |
| asip gene variation in chinese donkeys. | | 2017 | 28198029 |
| use of autologous platelet-rich plasma for a delayed consolidation of a tibial fracture in a young donkey. | a 9-month-old filly donkey was referred for a comminuted diaphyseal fracture of the right tibia. surgical osteosynthesis, with multiple lag screws and a neutralization plate, was performed for anatomical reconstruction. despite a good gait condition, delayed bone consolidation and a bone gap were evident on follow up radiographic evaluations. due to delayed healing, autologous platelet-rich plasma (prp) was injected on the surface of the tibia. increased bone consolidation was evident on radiogr ... | 2017 | 28190827 |
| modified thomas splint-cast combination for the management of limb fractures in small equids. | to describe the management and outcome of limb fractures in small domestic equids treated with a modified thomas splint-cast combination (mtscc). | 2017 | 28145569 |
| sedative and mechanical antinociceptive effects of four dosages of romifidine administered intravenously to donkeys. | although romifidine is commonly used to provide sedation and analgesia for the facilitation of clinical procedures in donkeys, limited scientific information is available for this drug in this species. this randomized, controlled, crossover, latin-square, blinded study compared the sedative and antinociceptive effects of four dosages of romifidine (40, 60, 80, and 100μg/kg iv; r40, r60, r80, and r100, respectively), acepromazine (0.1mg/kg iv; ace) and saline (0.9%, 5ml iv) by assigning sedation ... | 2017 | 28126600 |
| multiplex-pcr as a rapid and sensitive method for identification of meat species in halal-meat products. | species identification and authentication in meat products are important subjects for ensuring the health of consumers. the multiplex-pcr amplification and species- specific primer set were used for the identification of horse, donkey, pig and other ruminants in raw and processed meat products. | 2017 | 28088897 |
| whole-genome sequencing reveals a potential causal mutation for dwarfism in the miniature shetland pony. | the miniature shetland pony represents a horse breed with an extremely small body size. clinical examination of a dwarf miniature shetland pony revealed a lowered size at the withers, malformed skull and brachygnathia superior. computed tomography (ct) showed a shortened maxilla and a cleft of the hard and soft palate which protruded into the nasal passage leading to breathing difficulties. pathological examination confirmed these findings but did not reveal histopathological signs of premature ... | 2017 | 27942904 |
| anatomical transverse magnetic resonance imaging study of ligaments in palmar surface of metacarpus in miniature donkey: identification of a new ligament. | palmar region of metacarpus in the horses and donkeys is an important region because of its tendons and ligaments which contribute to stay apparatus. this study was done on forelimbs of 6 healthy miniature donkeys to detect the tendons, ligaments and their accessories on the palmar surface of metacarpus in this animal. | 2017 | 27830887 |
| amino acid mutations in the env gp90 protein that modify n-linked glycosylation of the chinese eiav vaccine strain enhance resistance to neutralizing antibodies. | the chinese eiav vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine obtained by serial passage of a virulent horse isolate (eiavl) in donkeys (eiavd) and, subsequently, in donkey cells in vitro. in this study, we compare the env gene of the original horse virulent virus (eiavl) with attenuated strains serially passaged in donkey mdm (eiavdlv) and donkey dermal cells (eiavfddv). genetic comparisons among parental and attenuated strains found that vaccine strains contained amino acid substitutions/deleti ... | 2016 | 27572122 |
| transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation of combined utero-placental thickness during the last half of pregnancy in martina franca donkeys. | in the recent years, the donkey population decreased dramatically so that many breeds are presently considered as endangered. in comparison to the horse, the donkey placenta still remains not completely studied. in the horse, one of the diagnostic tools useful to identify pregnant mares at risk of abortion or premature delivery, include the transrectal ultrasound examination of the uterus and its contents; and especially of the combined thickness of the uterus and of the placenta (cupt). since t ... | 2016 | 27566849 |
| relationships between body condition score and ultrasound skin-associated subcutaneous fat depth in equids. | in equids, health and welfare depend on body composition. a growing number of equids are now used as leisure and companion animals, and often found overfeed. the need for a close monitoring of body fatness led to the search for tools allowing a rapid and non-invasive estimation of fatness. this study intends to assess real-time ultrasonography (rtu) usefulness in establishing a relationship between ultrasound measures of subcutaneous fat-plus-skin thickness (sf-skin) and body condition score (bc ... | 2016 | 27766985 |
| circulating mirnas as potential alternative cell signaling associated with maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare. | during early pregnancy, the conceptus and mare communicate to establish pregnancy. cell-secreted vesicles (e.g., exosomes) have been reported in serum. exosomes contain bioactive materials, such as mirna, that can mediate cell responses. we hypothesized that a) exosomes are present in mare circulation and quantity varies with pregnancy status, b) exosomes contain mirnas unique to pregnancy status, and c) mirnas target pathways in endometrium based upon pregnancy status of the mare. first, serum ... | 2016 | 27760749 |
| electrochemotherapy as a single or adjuvant treatment to surgery of cutaneous sarcoid tumours in horses: a 31-case retrospective study. | the aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy (ect) with cisplatin as a single or adjuvant treatment for sarcoids in equids. different treatment options with different success rates were proposed. thirty-one horses and one donkey with different clinical type, size and location of tumours were treated with ect as a single treatment (18 animals with 52 tumour nodules) or as adjuvant treatment with marginal surgical excision (14 animals with 18 tumour nodules). in animals ... | 2016 | 27758950 |
| prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys. | | 2016 | 27738220 |
| degree of corneal anesthesia after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine ophthalmic solution in normal equids. | oxybuprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution has been widely used off-label in horses and donkeys, despite lack of data demonstrating efficacy and safety in these species. the objective of this study was to assess anesthetic efficacy of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in horses (n= 5) and donkeys (n= 24) and compare the effects with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution. the baseline corneal touch threshold (ctt) was measured with a cochet-bonnet esthesiomet ... | 2016 | 27733789 |
| correlation between some arterial and venous blood gas parameters in healthy newborn martina franca donkey foals from birth to 96 hours of age. | in neonatology, blood gas analysis is a useful tool in the evaluation of the health of newborns and plays a key role in early detection of critically ill subjects. because blood gas analysis parameters have not previously been studied in any depth in donkey foals, this study was performed on 16 healthy martina franca donkey foals born after an uncomplicated delivery. arterial and venous blood samples were collected at 5 minutes and at 12, 24, 72, and 96 hours of age. blood gas analysis was perfo ... | 2017 | 27667749 |
| working across europe to improve donkey welfare. | the uk public and veterinary profession often think of the equine charity sector as dealing with issues directly related to the uk equine population - overproduction, rehoming, shelter and welfare. however, the donkey sanctuary, like many uk-based equine charities, also works in europe and further afield to try to address a much broader range of issues, as alex thiemann and andy foxcroft explain. | 2016 | 27660353 |
| validation of a candidate causative mutation for white spotting in donkeys. | | 2017 | 27611565 |
| donkey milk consumption exerts anti-inflammatory properties by normalizing antimicrobial peptides levels in paneth's cells in a model of ileitis in mice. | in this study, we showed the beneficial effects of donkey milk (dm) on inflammatory damages, endogenous antimicrobial peptides levels and fecal microbiota profile in a mice model of crohn's disease. nowadays, new strategies of microbiome manipulations are on the light involving specific diets to induce and/or to maintain clinical remission. interest of dm is explained by its high levels of antimicrobial peptides which confer it anti-inflammatory properties. | 2016 | 27581119 |
| equine cyathostominae can develop to infective third-stage larvae on straw bedding. | domesticated grazing animals including horses and donkeys are frequently housed using deep litter bedding systems, where it is commonly presumed that there is no risk of infection from the nematodes that are associated with grazing at pasture. we use two different approaches to test whether equids could become infected with cyathostomines from the ingestion of deep litter straw bedding. | 2016 | 27581072 |
| reproductive characteristics of foal heat in female donkeys. | in this study, the first postpartum heat, termed the foal heat, characteristics and performance in female donkey (jenny) of martina franca are described. to this end, the follicular development of 42 jennies during foal heat was compared with that of 31 jennies at the third estrus after foaling. estrus length (7.1±0.9 and 6.8±0.7 days), follicular development and preovulatory follicle size (43.7±3.5 and 45.1±2.5 mm) were similar between jennies during the foal heat and during the third estrus af ... | 2017 | 27571706 |
| author׳s reply: old age may influence features of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (ppfe): lessons from a donkey model for ppfe. | | 2016 | 27566390 |
| old age may influence features of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (ppfe): lessons from a donkey model for ppfe. | | 2016 | 27566389 |
| correction: sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia after sublingual administration of detomidine hydrochloride gel to donkeys. | | 2016 | 27556264 |
| echocardiographic reference ranges for sedentary donkeys in the uk. | the aim of this study was to provide two-dimensional (2d) and m-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of the uk population of donkeys including geriatrics (>30 years), owned by the donkey sanctuary, and to assess the influence of gender, weight and age on these variables. a total of 36 donkeys with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular disease were examined; 24 geldings and 12 females, aged 3-45 years old, weighing 130-262 kg. left atrial to aortic ratio was ... | 2016 | 27539939 |
| assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations. | the donkey sanctuary (ds) owns 3500-4000 donkeys, estimated to be about 35 per cent of the uk population. although postmortem surveys suggest a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys, there is sparse clinical information about cardiovascular examination findings and echocardiographic findings in health and disease. in this cross-sectional study, auscultation findings were recorded, and in a subset of donkeys, echocardiography was used to screen for structural and functional cardiac ... | 2016 | 27534982 |
| validation of the accutrend plus point-of-care triglyceride analyzer in horses, ponies, and donkeys. | to assess the accuracy and reliability of a point-of-care (poc) triglyceride analyzer and to establish reference intervals for blood ([trig]poc/wb ) and plasma triglyceride concentrations ([trig]poc/pl ) in horses, ponies, and donkeys. | 2016 | 27508527 |
| high polymorphism at microsatellite loci in the chinese donkey. | to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between chinese donkey breeds, 415 individuals representing ten breeds were investigated using ten microsatellite markers. the observed number of alleles, mean effective number of alleles (ne), mean expected heterozygosity (he), and polymorphic information content (pic) of each breed and polymorphic locus were analyzed. the results showed that seven (htg7, htg10, aht4, htg6, hms6, hms3, and hms7) of ten microsatellite loci were polym ... | 2016 | 27420967 |
| integumentary disorders including cutaneous neoplasia in older horses. | few skin diseases specifically or exclusively affect older horses and donkeys. hypertrichosis (hirsutism) associated with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is probably the most recognized and best understood exception and is the most common age-related skin condition in equids. many other conditions are known to be more serious in older horses. horses affected with immune-compromising conditions can be more severely affected by infectious diseases of the skin or heavy and pathologically sign ... | 2016 | 27329491 |
| purification and identification of endogenous antioxidant and ace-inhibitory peptides from donkey milk by multidimensional liquid chromatography and nanohplc-high resolution mass spectrometry. | donkey milk is a valuable product for the food industry due to its nutraceutical, nutritional, and functional properties. in this work, the endogenous peptides from donkey milk were investigated for their antioxidant and ace-inhibitory activities, combining a two-dimensional peptide fractionation strategy with high-resolution mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis, and in vitro assays. after extraction, the endogenous peptides were fractionated twice, first by polymeric reversed phase and th ... | 2016 | 27325462 |
| total phallic reconstruction using the radial artery based forearm free flap after traumatic penile amputation. | although genital injuries in civilian centers are rare, the scenario is completely different in the battlefield. if the penile distal stump is not adequate for primary reimplantation or it cannot be found, then delayed penile reconstruction needs to be considered. | 2016 | 27318022 |
| sedation and mechanical hypoalgesia after sublingual administration of detomidine hydrochloride gel to donkeys. | objective to compare sedative and mechanical hypoalgesic effects of sublingual administration of 2 doses of detomidine gel to donkeys. design randomized blinded controlled trial. animals 6 healthy castrated male donkeys. procedures in a crossover study design, donkeys received each of the following sublingual treatments 1 week apart in a randomly assigned order: 1 ml of molasses (d0) or detomidine hydrochloride gel at 20 μg/kg (9 μg/lb; d20) or 40 μg/kg (18 μg/lb; d40). sedation score (ss), head ... | 2016 | 27308886 |
| the effects of low voltage electrical stimulation on donkey meat. | | 2016 | 27192665 |
| sequence characterization and glycosylation sites identification of donkey milk lactoferrin by multiple enzyme digestions and mass spectrometry. | lactoferrin, a protein showing an array of biochemical properties, including immuno-modulation, iron-binding ability, as well as antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities, but which may also represent a potential milk allergen, was isolated from donkey milk by ion exchange chromatography. the characterization of its primary structure, by means of enzymatic digestions, spitc derivatization of tryptic digest, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray and matrix- ... | 2016 | 27020775 |
| erratum to: evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. | | 2016 | 27008064 |
| evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. | for the last few years, researchers have been interested in developing a method for chemical sterilization which may be a better alternative to surgical castration. an ideal chemical sterilant would be one that effectively arrests spermatogenesis and androgenesis as well as libido with absence of toxic or other side effects. calcium chloride in various solutions and concentrations has been tested in many animal species, but few studies have been evaluated it in equines as a chemical sterilant. s ... | 2016 | 26956100 |
| influence of season on daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the northern guinea savanna zone of nigeria. | the present experiment was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of season on behavioral activities of donkeys during the rainy and harmattan seasons in the northern guinea zone of nigeria. sixteen apparently healthy donkeys were used as subjects and divided into four groups based on age. during each season, behavioral activities of each donkey were evaluated for three weeks using the focal animal sampling technique. the dry-bulb temperature (dbt), relative humidity (rh), and temper ... | 2015 | 26858575 |
| plasma disposition, milk excretion and parasitological efficacy of mebendazole in donkeys naturally infected by cyathostominae. | mebendazole (mbz) has been licensed for use in horses and donkeys, however there are no data available in the literature regarding its pharmacokinetic disposition and efficacy in donkeys. this study was designed to determine the plasma disposition, milk excretion and anthelmintic efficacy of mbz in donkeys naturally infected by cyathostominae. the animals were allocated to three groups, each of six donkeys. one group was untreated control (c-group) and the others were treated using a paste formu ... | 2016 | 26827868 |
| hematological and biochemical findings in pregnant, postfoaling, and lactating jennies. | the aims of this study were to (1) verify if significant changes occur in hematological and biochemical parameters in jennies during the last 2 months of pregnancy and the first 2 months of lactation, and (2) determine any differences with mares. hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in jennies every 15 days during late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. the kolmogorov-smirnov test, analysis of variance for repeated measurements and tukey's multiple comparison test as ... | 2016 | 26792379 |
| welfare conditions of donkeys in europe: initial outcomes from on-farm assessment. | this paper is a baseline study to present the initial outcomes of data collected in a sample of eu donkey farms using the awin welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, comprehensive of 22 valid, reliable and feasible animal-based indicators. a total of 20 donkey facilities (n = 12 in italy and n = 8 in united kingdom) were visited and 278 donkeys of different breed, aged 2-45 years, were assessed. three assessors underwent a common training period to learn how to perform and score all the indica ... | 2016 | 26761034 |
| anbarnesa: the past tradition, the future medicine. | in the iranian traditional medicine, anbarnesa smoke derived from burning female donkey's dung has long been used for treatment of inflammatory ulcers and infections of the middle and external ear with no significant side effects. the aim of this study was to introduce anbarnesa and discuss its therapeutic effects. | 2015 | 26756020 |
| effects of breed, age, season, and multiple ovulations on cyclic, pgf2α-induced, and postpartum estrus characteristics in spanish jennies. | this retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed data for a total of 104 jennies reared in southern spain over the period 1995 to 2014. intervals to ovulation and incidence of multiple ovulation and pregnancy were charted for spontaneous, pgf2α-induced, and postpartum estrous cycles. in spontaneous estrous cycles, the interovulatory interval varied as a function of breed (p < 0.03) and month of ovulation (p < 0.01), and duration of estrus signs was longer in older jennies (0. ... | 2016 | 26747577 |
| corrigendum: donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution. | | 2015 | 26681131 |
| organ of corti explants direct tonotopically graded morphology of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. | the spiral ganglion is a compelling model system to examine how morphological form contributes to sensory function. while the ganglion is composed mainly of a single class of type i neurons that make simple one-to-one connections with inner hair cell sensory receptors, it has an elaborate overall morphological design. specific features, such as soma size and axon outgrowth, are graded along the spiral contour of the cochlea. to begin to understand the interplay between different regulators of ne ... | 2016 | 26663318 |
| monthly variations of rhinoestrus spp. (diptera: oestridae) larvae infesting donkeys in egypt: morphological and molecular identification of third stage larvae. | this study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and monthly intensity of rhinoestrus (r) spp. among donkeys slaughtered at giza zoo abattoir, egypt. a total of 144 donkeys were examined at postmortem through two visits per month from january 2010 to december 2010. all donkeys were infested with one or more larval stages during all months of the examination period (100%). the 1st and 2nd stage larvae (l1 and l2) were mostly observed in the turbinate bones and seldom in the nasal passages ... | 2015 | 26644940 |
| repair of lung herniation with titanium prosthetic ribs and prolene mesh. | we present a rare case of intercostal lung herniation due to blunt trauma. a 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with lung herniation due to falling off a donkey. computed tomography demonstrated a fracture of the 8th left rib, a comminuted fracture of the 9th rib, and lung herniation into the 8th intercostal space. the herniation was repaired using a titanium prosthetic rib, a rib plate, and prolene mesh via a thoracotomy. | 2016 | 26612961 |
| comparative characteristics of dna polymorphisms of κ-casein gene (csn3) in the horse and donkey. | the aims of this study were to assess the genetic variability in the exon 1 of the κ-casein gene in four italian horse populations (italian saddle horse, italian trotter, italian heavy draught horse, and murgese horse) and in a sample of martina franca donkey by estimating genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies, as well as several population genetic indices. genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was performed using the pcr-rflp technique with two restriction enzymes: psti and bseyi aimed ... | 2015 | 26600516 |
| depletion of intracellular thiols and increased production of 4-hydroxynonenal that occur during cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa lead to caspase activation, loss of motility, and cell death. | oxidative stress has been linked to sperm death and the accelerated senescence of cryopreserved spermatozoa. however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. reactive oxygen species (ros) are considered relevant signaling molecules for sperm function, only becoming detrimental when ros homeostasis is lost. we hereby hypothesize that a major component of the alteration of ros homeostasis in cryopreserved spermatozoa is the exhaustion of intrinsic antioxidant defe ... | 2015 | 26536905 |
| characterization of the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the combined glucose-insulin test in donkeys. | glucose-insulin dynamic challenges such as the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivgtt) and combined glucose-insulin test (cgit) have not been described in donkeys. the objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the ivgtt and cgit in healthy adult donkeys, and (2) to establish normal glucose-insulin proxies. sixteen donkeys were used and body morphometric variables obtained each. for the ivgtt, glucose (300 mg/kg) was given iv. for the cgit, glucose (150 mg/kg) followed by recombinant i ... | 2015 | 26515163 |
| artificial suckling in martina franca donkey foals: effect on in vivo performances and carcass composition. | in recent years, there has been an increasing interest on donkey milk production, on its characteristics, and also on breeding techniques. donkey milk is characterized by high economic value, although the productive level of jennies is poor. during the milking process, foals are usually separated from their dams, allowing the milk collection in the mammary gland of jennies before milking session. this takes 8 h per day of fastening period for lactating donkey foals. during this period, it could ... | 2016 | 26510946 |
| equids. | alongside domestic horses and donkeys, the horse family, also known as equids, comprises six extant wild species of asses and zebras (figure 1). equids are extremely well represented in the fossil record, comprising a 55 million-year evolutionary history, punctuated by many episodes of innovation, extinction and migration. limited to the single genus equus today, in the miocene (23.0–5.3 million years ago) the equid family flourished, comprising more than twenty genera. the group originated in n ... | 2015 | 26485367 |
| clinical abnormalities in working donkeys and their associations with behaviour. | working donkeys are at risk of developing multiple, acute and chronic health problems. the ability to recognise and assess pain in donkeys associated with these health problems is important for people responsible for their care and treatment, including owners and veterinary or animal health workers. | 2015 | 26392903 |
| using physical and emotional parameters to assess donkey welfare in botswana. | working donkeys in maun, botswana contribute to people's livelihoods substantially through the provision of transport, ploughing and income generating activities. however, working donkeys suffer from various welfare issues that were investigated in this study to provide preliminary insights on their health and well-being. | 2015 | 26392888 |
| clinical research abstracts of the british equine veterinary association congress 2015. | yellow fat disease or steatitis is characterised by a local or general inflammation of fat tissue and is occasionally found in horses. diagnosis is challenging because of the wide range of nonspecific clinical signs. | 2015 | 26375299 |
| l-carnitine and pyruvate are prosurvival factors during the storage of stallion spermatozoa at room temperature. | the spermatozoa of many stallions do not tolerate being cooled, restricting the commercial viability of these animals and necessitating the development of a chemically defined room temperature (rt) storage medium. this study examined the impact of two major modulators of oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate (pyr) and l-carnitine (l-c), on the storage of stallion spermatozoa at rt. optimal concentrations of pyr (10 mm) and l-c (50 mm) were first identified and these concentrations were then used t ... | 2015 | 26316064 |
| improving the lives of dairy donkeys. | | 2015 | 28319913 |
| ki-67 membranous staining: biologically relevant or an artifact of multiplexed immunofluorescent staining. | in the process of developing a multiplex of 8 common breast cancer biomarkers (her2/neu, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, ki-67, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1, nak-atpase, cytokeratin 8/18, and myosin smooth muscle) on a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slide using a sequential staining, imaging, and dye bleaching technology developed by general electric company, membranous ki-67 staining was observed and colocalized with her2/neu staining. using immunohistochemistry as gold standards ... | 2016 | 26258752 |
| status of the genetic diversity and population structure of the pêga donkey. | pedigree analysis was extended to the pêga donkey population in order to evaluate the status of genetic diversity and population structure. all parameters were computed for three reference populations of animals born between 2004 and 2014: all animals, animals with mouse gray coat color, and animals with roan coat color. although the average inbreeding coefficient observed was low (about 3 %), highly inbred animals are present in the current population. the effective population size based on the ... | 2015 | 26255185 |
| development of the larval migration inhibition test for comparative analysis of ivermectin sensitivity in cyathostomin populations. | cyathostomins are the most prevalent parasitic pathogens of equids worldwide. these nematodes have been controlled using broad-spectrum anthelmintics; however, cyathostomin resistance to each anthelmintic class has been reported and populations insensitive to more than one class are relatively commonplace. the faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) is considered the most suitable method for screening anthelmintic sensitivity in horses, but is subject to variation and is relatively time-consumin ... | 2015 | 26120037 |
| ethnoveterinary of sahrawi pastoralists of western sahara: camel diseases and remedies. | pastoral populations around the world hold complex and detailed ethnoveterinary knowledge, essential for the survival of their herds and securing their livelihood. in recent decades, several studies have given attention to local veterinary remedies and practices and their validation, and to the local conceptualization of livestock diseases. despite this, relatively little has been reported on indigenous knowledge of camel diseases (e.g., aetiological factors, epidemiological patterns, symptoms, ... | 2015 | 26087846 |
| procaine induces cytokinesis in horse oocytes via a ph-dependent mechanism. | coincubating equine gametes in the presence of procaine has been reported to facilitate in vitro fertilization, with cleavage rates exceeding 60%. we report that while procaine does trigger sperm hyperactivation, it independently induces cleavage of equine oocytes. first, we found that procaine (1-5 mm) did not facilitate stallion sperm penetration of equine oocytes but instead induced sperm-independent oocyte cytokinesis in the absence of the second polar body extrusion. indeed, 56 ± 4% of oocy ... | 2015 | 26085521 |
| an investigation of the equine infectious disease threat represented by the presence of donkeys at mixed equestrian events in ireland. | the number of abandoned or otherwise neglected donkeys has significantly increased in ireland in the recent past. the real or perceived capacity of the donkey to act as a reservoir of equine infectious disease, and thus pose an increased risk of disease transmission to horses and ponies, may be a factor in this increased abandonment and neglect. the authors here report on a field study exploring the infectious disease transmission threat the donkey poses to the general equine industry in ireland ... | 2015 | 26075056 |
| minor and potentially toxic trace elements in milk and blood serum of dairy donkeys. | the aim of this trial was to study the concentration of ti, v, as, rb, sr, mo, cd, cs, and pb in donkey milk and blood serum. one hundred twelve individual milk and blood serum samples were collected from 16 lactating donkeys (martina-franca-derived population; 6 to 12 yr old; 3 to 7 parities; average live weight 205.4kg; 32 to 58 d after foaling at the beginning of the trial) during a 3-mo-long experiment. the samples were analyzed for the aforementioned elements by inductively coupled plasma-m ... | 2015 | 26074242 |
| factors affecting pregnancy length and phases of parturition in martina franca jennies. | the knowledge of normal pregnancy length, duration of parturition stages, and neonatal early adaptation is mandatory for a rationale management of birth, especially in monotocous species with long gestations. this study reports data obtained from a large number of martina franca jennies with normal healthy pregnancies and spontaneous eutocic delivery of a mature, healthy, and viable donkey foal. pregnancy lasts, on average, 371 days, and only the fetal gender significantly determines pregnancy l ... | 2015 | 26007611 |
| screening for anthelmintic resistance in equid strongyles (nematoda) in romania. | resistance to anthelmintic medication of equid strongyles is a worldwide phenomenon and for this reason systematic investigations of resistant parasite populations are necessary. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of equid strongyles resistant to the anthelmintics used in romania, as well as the pre-treatment and post-treatment prevalence of species of strongylid nematodes. the faecal egg count reduction test was performed between 2010 and 2013 on a ... | 2015 | 25960567 |
| energy-related parameters and their association with age, gender, and morphometric measurements in healthy donkeys. | donkeys are commonly afflicted by endocrine and metabolic disturbances but few studies have investigated endocrine variables involved in energy regulation and their association with morphometric indices, age or gender in this species. hemostatic and clinical differences have been demonstrated between horses and donkeys, so to consider both species as metabolically and endocrinologically similar could lead to misdiagnosis. in this study, plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides and endocri ... | 2015 | 25920762 |
| effect of single-layer centrifugation or washing on frozen-thawed donkey semen quality: do they have the same effect regardless of the quality of the sample? | the aims of this study were to determine the sperm quality of frozen-thawed donkey sperm samples after single-layer centrifugation (slc) using androcoll-e in comparison to sperm washing or no centrifugation and to determine if the effect on the sperm quality after slc or sperm washing depends on the quality of the sample. frozen-thawed sperm samples from andalusian donkeys were divided into three aliquots, and they were processed using three different techniques after thawing: uncentrifuged dilu ... | 2015 | 25917884 |
| a missense mutation in the agouti signaling protein gene (asip) is associated with the no light points coat phenotype in donkeys. | seven donkey breeds are recognized by the french studbook and are characterized by a black, bay or grey coat colour including light cream-to-white points (lp). occasionally, normand bay donkeys give birth to dark foals that lack lp and display the no light points (nlp) pattern. this pattern is more frequent and officially recognized in american miniature donkeys. the lp (or pangare) phenotype resembles that of the light bellied agouti pattern in mouse, while the nlp pattern resembles that of the ... | 2015 | 25887951 |
| a comparison of the carcass and meat quality of martina franca donkey foals aged 8 or 12 months. | the effects of slaughter age (8 vs 12 months) were investigated on meat and carcass quality obtained from martina franca donkey foals. sixteen male foals were used, eight were slaughtered at 8 months of age with a mean (±s.e.) final body weight of 101±18kg and the remaining 8 foals slaughtered at 12 months of age with a mean final body weight of 122±13kg. carcass weight and dressing percentage were higher (p<0.05) in older foals. shear force value was lower (p<0.05) in donkeys slaughtered at 8 m ... | 2015 | 25863189 |
| effects of age and season on haematological parameters of donkeys during the rainy and cold-dry seasons. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and season on haematological parameters of donkeys at rest during the rainy and cold-dry seasons. thirty healthy donkeys divided into three groups based on their age served as the subjects. during each season, blood sample was collected from each donkey thrice, 2 weeks apart, for haematological analysis, and the dry-bulb temperature (dbt), relative humidity (rh) and temperature-humidity index (thi) were obtained thrice each day during th ... | 2015 | 25860334 |
| two variants in the kit gene as candidate causative mutations for a dominant white and a white spotting phenotype in the donkey. | white spotting phenotypes have been intensively studied in horses, and although similar phenotypes occur in the donkey, little is known about the molecular genetics underlying these patterns in donkeys. white spotting in donkeys can range from only a few white areas to almost complete depigmentation and is characterised by a loss of pigmentation usually progressing from a white spot in the hip area. completely white-born donkeys are rare, and the phenotype is characterised by the complete absenc ... | 2015 | 25818843 |
| presence and distribution of leptin and its receptor in the minor salivary glands of the donkey. | leptin is a hormone widely diffused in the mammalian body in which it plays functions that go far beyond control of appetite and energy metabolism. the finding that it is present in the major salivary glands of various animal species is of interest for the functional implications that it may imply. since there are no data on the presence of leptin and its receptor in the minor salivary glands, the aim of this study was to demonstrate their presence and distribution in such glands of donkeys. thi ... | 2015 | 25800979 |
| essential oils in the management of the donkey louse, bovicola ocellatus. | chewing lice are widespread and clinically compromising parasites of livestock and equids. their management is complicated by growing levels of resistance to commonly applied insecticides. hence, the development of novel approaches to their control is of major clinical interest. | 2016 | 25756296 |
| [discrimination of donkey meat by nir and chemometrics]. | donkey meat samples (n = 167) from different parts of donkey body (neck, costalia, rump, and tendon), beef (n = 47), pork (n = 51) and mutton (n = 32) samples were used to establish near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nir) classification models in the spectra range of 4,000~12,500 cm(-1). the accuracies of classification models constructed by mahalanobis distances analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogy (simca) and least squares-support vector machine (ls-svm), respectively comb ... | 2014 | 25739218 |
| peptidome characterization and bioactivity analysis of donkey milk. | donkey milk is an interesting commercial product for its nutritional values, which make it the most suitable mammalian milk for human consumption, and for the bioactivity associated with it and derivative products. to further mine the characterization of donkey milk, an extensive peptidomic study was performed. two peptide purification strategies were compared to remove native proteins and lipids and enrich the peptide fraction. in one case the whole protein content was precipitated by organic s ... | 2015 | 25668324 |
| successful practice of electroacupuncture analgesia in equine surgery. | electroacupuncture analgesia was used for surgery in horses and donkeys. a kwd-808 electrical stimulator was used to incrementally induce a dense, dispersed wave output at frequencies from 20 to 55 hz, which was maintained at a frequency of 55 hz, and to change the amplitude of the wave to the best grading number for the suggested operation in each animal. induction of analgesia lasted for 20-30 minutes, and the effect of analgesia was maintained for 20-45 minutes depending on the type of surger ... | 2015 | 25660442 |
| pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the uk. | resistance to currently available anthelmintics is a serious phenomenon which is prevalent globally. cyathostomins are one of the major parasites, and are of primary concern in donkeys. there have been reports of emerging resistance to pyrantel, but the status of pyrantel resistance in donkey populations in the uk is largely unknown. this report investigates pyrantel resistance in two geographically isolated donkey herds in the south west of england. the first herd had suspected pyrantel resista ... | 2015 | 25576440 |
| piroplasms in feral and domestic equines in rural areas of the danube delta, romania, with survey of dogs as a possible reservoir. | rural areas of romania, particularly the localities covering danube delta, are still not sufficiently explored in terms of epidemiological aspects, despite the large density of domestic animals living in close contact with people and natural environment of the danube delta biosphere reserve. between 2010 and 2012, a survey on equine piroplasmids species was performed in this area, using a total of 178 horses, 15 donkeys and 177 dogs from 18 localities inside and outside the danube delta. none of ... | 2014 | 25468026 |
| nutritional properties and consumer evaluation of donkey bresaola and salami: comparison with conventional products. | nutritional properties and consumer evaluation were performed in bresaola and salami from donkey meat compared with respective conventional products. donkey bresaola and salami showed higher content of protein and lower content of fat than beef bresaola and pork salami. significant differences in the unsaturation level of fatty acids were found. particularly, donkey meat products showed lower saturated fatty acids, higher polyunsatured fatty acid content and better nutritional indices than conve ... | 2015 | 25462378 |
| udder characteristics and effects of pulsation rate on milking machine efficiency in donkeys. | very little is known about the udder characteristics, partitioning of milk in the mammary gland and efficiency of machine milking in donkeys. this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the udder and teats, milk yield in relation to pulsation rates (90, 120 and 150 cycles/min), milk partitioning in the mammary gland, composition of the spontaneously removed and residual milk fractions and milking efficiency. forty-one healthy martina franca jennies in the third month of lactation and rou ... | 2015 | 25434360 |
| sedation and mechanical antinociception after intravenous administration of detomidine in donkeys: a dosage-effect study. | there is limited, useful, scientific information on detomidine in donkeys. this study compared the effects of intravenous saline, detomidine (10, 13.5, 17 and 20 μg/kg) and acepromazine (50 μg/kg) in donkeys by computing areas under the curve for 0-30, 30-60 and 60-120 minutes (auc0-30, auc30-60 and auc60-120) for sedation scores, head heights and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (mnts). for sedation scores, all detomidine treatments, except 10 μg/kg, increased auc0-30 values compared with sali ... | 2015 | 25430939 |