| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response against multiple simian immunodeficiency virusa (siv) proteins in siv-infected macaques. | to identify the target proteins of cd8+ t lymphocytes we have explored the cytolytic immune responses of 12 rhesus macaques experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac). target cells were autologous b cell lines presenting sivmac proteins after infection with recombinant vaccinia viruses. the eight following proteins were studied: env, pol, gag, nef, vif, rev, tat, and vpx. macaque pbmc stimulated with con a and expanded in t cell growth factor-containing medium produc ... | 1992 | 1349322 |
| sensitization of dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated rhesus monkeys and patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease. | dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was measured in striatal homogenates of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated rhesus monkeys and humans with idiopathic parkinson's disease and compared with the activity in control tissue. no differences between parkinsonian and control tissue were found in the presence of 20 mm nacl. however, when 120 mm nacl was included in the assay medium, a significantly higher increase in the vmax of dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase a ... | 1992 | 1349341 |
| dopaminergic influences on male sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys: effects of dopamine agonists. | previous research has demonstrated that the mixed d1/d2 dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine, and the specific d2 dopamine receptor agonist, quinelorane, facilitated penile erections and masturbatory behavior of male rhesus monkeys when they were tested in the presence of a female monkey that they could see, hear, and smell but not physically contact. the present study was designed to further examine dopaminergic influences on male sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys by evaluating male copulator ... | 1992 | 1350100 |
| common aetiological agent for epidemic and sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | enterovirus-like particles have been reported in the acute phase of both epidemic and sporadic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis. to examine whether these particles were the causative agent in the two types of disease, 29 patients with acute viral hepatitis in a north indian epidemic outbreak and 9 with sporadic acute disease were investigated. 25 (86%) of 29 patients with epidemic hepatitis and 5 (56%) of 9 with sporadic disease were diagnosed as having enterically-transmitted-nanb hepatitis by exc ... | 1992 | 1351189 |
| effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced hemiparkinsonism on the kinematics of a two-dimensional,multijoint arm movement in the rhesus monkey. | the effects of the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) on the kinematics of two-dimensional arm movements in the primate were studied. two rhesus monkeys were trained to move a manipulandum at various distances and directions in horizontal space from a centrally located target box. several kinematic parameters including reaction time, and time and amplitude of peak tangential velocity were analysed. following an extensive control evaluation perio ... | 1992 | 1351272 |
| distribution of 125i-endothelin-1,-2,-3 binding sites in mammalian kidneys. | 1. binding sites for 125i-labeled endothelin (et) isopeptides et-1, et-2 and et-3 were visualized by autoradiography in the kidneys of man, baboon, rhesus monkey, tree shrew, pig and rat. 2. highest levels of binding for the three isoforms were observed in the glomeruli, cortical and medullary vessels of baboon, rhesus monkey, pig and rat, whereas there was no noticeable labeling of glomeruli in human and tree shrew kidneys. 3. the enrichment of binding sites depended on the species and peptide ... | 1992 | 1351453 |
| repetitive injections of l-glutamic acid, in contrast to those of n-methyl-d,l-aspartic acid, fail to elicit sustained hypothalamic gnrh release in the prepubertal male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | the purpose of the present study was to examine whether repetitive intravenous injections of l-glutamic acid (glu), like those of n-methyl-d,l-aspartic acid (nma), are able to elicit a sustained train of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) discharges from the hypothalamus of the prepubertal male monkey. in order to utilize pituitary luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion as a bioassay of hypothalamic gnrh release, the responsiveness of the gonadotroph of the prepubertal animals was enhanced prior ... | 1992 | 1352860 |
| the intravenous self-administration of antihistamines by rhesus monkeys. | rhesus monkeys were trained to lever press for infusions of cocaine during daily, 1-h experimental sessions. following stabilization of the cocaine-maintained baselines, various antihistamines were substituted for cocaine to determine whether they would be self-administered. the results indicated that all monkeys tested self-administered tripelennamine and chlorpheniramine. one monkey out of the four self-administered pyrilamine, but only at a single (300 microgram/kg) high dose. phenyltoloxamin ... | 1992 | 1353017 |
| activation pathways and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication are not altered in cd4+ t cells expressing the nef protein. | while recent studies in rhesus monkeys have pointed out the importance of an intact nef gene for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), no biological function has been so far unambiguously attributed to its product. since nef has been described to possess gtp-binding properties and to down-regulate cd4 cell surface expression, we looked for evidences of nef interfering with the transduction of activating signals in human cd4+ t cells. we used a murine leukemia retroviral v ... | 1992 | 1355346 |
| mptp induced hemiparkinsonism in monkeys: behavioral, mechanographic, electromyographic and immunohistochemical studies. | a single infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (mptp) into the right internal carotid artery of macaca mulatta monkeys resulted in akinesia and rigidity of the contralateral limb. the immunohistochemical study revealed a dramatic reduction in the number of th-immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra of the infused side (70-81%). after unilateral mptp-treatment movement parameters and emg activity were altered; the agonist muscle developed increased emg activity associated ... | 1992 | 1355743 |
| effects of buspirone and gepirone on i.v. cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. | buspirone and gepirone were evaluated as potential pharmacotherapies for cocaine abuse by studying the effects of acute and repeated treatment on iv cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. chlorpromazine was also evaluated as a positive control. effects of iv drug pretreatments were tested during daily 60-min sessions with lever-pressing reinforced under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of 0.02 or 0.05 mg/kg cocaine infusions. acute pretreatment with buspirone (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, iv) increased r ... | 1992 | 1355922 |
| molecular cloning of a retina-specific membrane guanylyl cyclase. | we have isolated and characterized cdna clones encoding the human retinal guanylyl cyclase (retgc), a novel member of the membrane guanylyl cyclase gene family. like other membrane guanylyl cyclases, the 1101 aa retgc is predicted to have a hydrophobic amino-terminal signal sequence followed by a large extracellular domain, a single membrane spanning domain, a kinase homology domain, and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. in contrast to other membrane guanylyl cyclases, such as natriuretic pep ... | 1992 | 1356371 |
| potential significance of the cellular immune response against the macaque strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) in immunized and infected rhesus macaques. | the cellular immune response of seven rhesus macaques immunized with tween-ether-treated macaque strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and three non-vaccinated control animals was investigated. immunization elicited antigen-specific proliferating cd4+ cells in five of seven monkeys. proliferating t cells were found in all animals protected from a first virus challenge. cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) were not induced by the immunization. after the second challenge, the four formerly pr ... | 1992 | 1357081 |
| correlates of siv encephalitis in rhesus monkeys. | necropsy records from 204 siv-infected rhesus monkeys that had been inoculated with various strains of siv and had died of siv-related disease were reviewed. the relationship of siv encephalitis with other parameters was evaluated. encephalitis was associated with the presence of syncytial cells in other tissues, with persistent or early recurrent antigenemia, with a selective decrease in cd4+cd29+ blood lymphocytes, and with a shortened time of survival. monkeys whose lymphocytes produced high ... | 1992 | 1359149 |
| blockade of dynorphin a(1-13) overt psychomotor effects by naloxone. | each of the dynorphin a(1-13) or dynorphin (dyn) treatment groups receiving naloxone showed a significant overall reduction of overt signs compared with the dyn controls. the data suggested that the overt psychomotor effects of dyn in the rhesus monkey were especially prone to blockade by naloxone, and probably involved opioid mechanisms. | 1992 | 1359510 |
| synthesis and biodistribution of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (11c)wy26703. use as a radioligand for positron emission tomography. | the purpose of these experiments was to label an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor ligand with a positron emitting isotope and then test this radioligand in vivo. no-carrier-added [11c]wy26703 was synthesized by methylation of its desmethyl precursor, wy27050 with [11c]h3i followed by purification with hplc in 14% yield in a synthesis time of 35 min from eob. ki values for unlabeled wy26703, ranged from 0.52-1.55 nm in tissues that express a single alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype. tail vein inject ... | 1992 | 1363726 |
| [studies on reinforcing effects of methylephedrine, caffeine and their mixture with intravenous-self administration in rhesus monkeys]. | the reinforcing effects of methylephedrine hydrochloride (me), anhydrous caffeine (ca) and their mixture (me+ca) were studied by the intravenous cross self-administration experiment and by the progressive ratio experiment in four male rhesus monkeys each. in the intravenous cross self-administration experiment, me, ca and me+ca were found to have reinforcing effects. self-administration rates above the level of cocaine, a typical reinforcing drug, were not observed in me or ca alone, but observe ... | 1992 | 1364430 |
| striatal and non-striatal neurotransmitter changes in mptp-parkinsonism in rhesus monkey: the symptomatic versus the asymptomatic condition. | | 1992 | 1365445 |
| pharmacological profile of a potent, efficacious fentanyl derivative in rhesus monkeys. | the recent synthesis of fentanyl derivatives, some of which appear to have novel profiles of pharmacological effects, has provided compelling evidence that mu opioid efficacy might be altered systematically by modifications in the parent compound fentanyl. in the present study a new 4-(heteroanilido)-piperidine, compound 28, was studied for its effects in rhesus monkeys. in self-administration studies compound 28 maintained rates of lever pressing similar to those maintained by alfentanil; the r ... | 1992 | 1365629 |
| estradiol enhances the action of neuropeptide y on in vivo luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey. | the effect of estrogen on the responsiveness of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) neurosecretory system to neuropeptide y (npy) stimulation was examined using a push-pull perfusion method in conscious monkeys. npy, at doses of 10(-6) to 10(-12) m, was infused into the stalk-median eminence (s-me) of ovariectomized monkeys with or without estrogen, while perfusates were continuously collected. lhrh in perfusates was measured by ria. the results indicate that in both estrogen-primed ... | 1992 | 1369603 |
| identification of vp7 epitopes associated with protection against human rotavirus illness or shedding in volunteers. | sera from 17 of 18 adult volunteers challenged with a virulent serotype 1 rotavirus strain (d) were examined for prechallenge antibody levels against several well-defined rotavirus vp7 and vp4 neutralization epitopes by a competitive epitope-blocking immunoassay (eba) in order to determine whether correlates of resistance to diarrheal illness could be identified. the presence of prechallenge serum antibody at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:20 that blocked the binding of a serotype 1 vp7-s ... | 1992 | 1370092 |
| three epitopic peptides of the simian immunodeficiency virus nef protein recognized by macaque cytolytic t lymphocytes. | in 8 of 12 experimentally infected macaques, the nef sivmac 251 protein was recognized by cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) and appeared strongly immunogenic. here, we report experiments which have been performed by using synthetic peptides to precisely determine the epitopes recognized by macaque ctl. three epitopes of the nef protein have been defined as ctl targets in three macaques. the epitopic peptides are located in the central region of the protein, and all of them show high homology with pe ... | 1992 | 1370557 |
| monoclonal antipeptide antibodies recognize epitopes upon vp4 and vp7 of simian rotavirus sa11 in infected ma104 cells. | to study morphogenetic events of rotavirus sa11-infected ma104 cells with strictly defined reagents we produced monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides from both outer capsid proteins vp4 (aa residues 228-241: qntrnivpvsivsr) and vp7 (aa residues 319-326: saafyyrv) of simian rotavirus sa11. two of the selected monoclonal antibodies proved to be reactive with determinants of sa11-infected ma104 rhesus monkey kidney cells, with purified sa11 as well as with the particular peptides used fo ... | 1992 | 1370605 |
| aerosol infection of rhesus macaques with junin virus. | the purpose of our work was to determine if aerosols of junin virus can infect rhesus macaques and if the disease is the same as that produced by virus inoculated parenterally. the 6 macaques exposed to the virus by aerosol became acutely ill during the 3rd week after exposure, and all died. three died by day 21, while the remainder died after 1 month. junin virus was found primarily in visceral organs of those animals dying before 21 days after infection and in the central nervous system tissue ... | 1992 | 1371270 |
| perfusion with anti-insulin gamma globulin indicates a b to a to d cellular perfusion sequence in the pancreas of the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta. | the cellular sequence of intraislet vascular perfusion has been shown to be important in the regulation of islet hormone secretion in the rat and dog islet. in order to test whether a b to a to d sequence of islet cellular perfusion is also present in a nonhuman primate, pancreata from the rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta, were isolated and perfused in vitro in the presence and absence of anti-insulin gamma globulin. in the presence of the insulin antibody, efflux concentration of insulin decreased ... | 1992 | 1372978 |
| [laser photocoagulation for experimental choroidal neovascularization. 1. mild dye laser photocoagulation]. | the author treated experimentally produced choroidal neovascularization (chnv) with mild dye laser photocoagulation (phc). we treated these chnvs with 590 nm wavelength, 200 microns spot size, 0.2 second duration and 50 mw of power. eleven eyes of nine rhesus monkeys were used. then these chnvs were examined clinically and histopathologically at 24 hours, 2 weeks and a month after therapeutic phc. small chnvs, less than 1/3 disc diameter healed successfully and histopathologically most of them w ... | 1992 | 1373031 |
| a primate model for human cerebral malaria: plasmodium coatneyi-infected rhesus monkeys. | a major factor in the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria is blockage of cerebral microvessels by the sequestration of parasitized human red blood cells (prbc). in vitro studies indicate that sequestration of prbc in the microvessels is mediated by the attachment of knobs on prbc to receptors on the endothelial cell surface such as cd36, thrombospondin (tsp), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1). however, it is difficult to test this theory in vivo because fresh human brain tissues ... | 1992 | 1374220 |
| characterization of human monoclonal antibodies directed against hepatitis b surface antigen. | four hybridoma cell lines stably secreting human monoclonal antibodies directed against hepatitis b surface antigen have been isolated. the monoclonal antibodies have been characterized by determining several allotypes, measuring affinity for hbsag, binding to two hbsag subtypes, and kinetics of antibody binding to solid adsorbed antigen. in addition, the relative position of the epitopes have been determined by competition in binding to hbsag. the results indicate that human anti-hbsag monoclon ... | 1992 | 1374272 |
| analysis of escherichia coli colonization factor antigen i linear b-cell epitopes, as determined by primate responses, following protein sequence verification. | colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i)-bearing strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are responsible for a significant percentage of etec diarrheal disease worldwide whether the disease presents as infant diarrhea with high mortality or as traveler's diarrhea. cfa/i pili (fimbriae) are virulence determinants that consist of repeating protein subunits (pilin), are found in several etec serogroups, and promote attachment to human intestinal mucosa. while cfa/i pili are highly immunogen ... | 1992 | 1375193 |
| cerebrospinal fluid monoamine and adrenal correlates of aggression in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. | clinical and preclinical studies involving several different mammalian species and research paradigms suggest a negative correlation between aggression and central serotonin activity. to test the generalizability of laboratory findings in rhesus monkeys that show a negative correlation between cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and aggression, we obtained cisternal cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma samples from monkeys living in naturalistic conditions. during a sem ... | 1992 | 1376105 |
| simian virus 40-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | simian virus 40 (sv40) disease was diagnosed in four rhesus monkeys that died with siv-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). one juvenile monkey seroconverted for sv40 6 months after inoculation with siv and developed severe bilateral tubulointerstitial nephritis. in contrast, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) occurred in two adult monkeys that were seropositive for sv40 before siv inoculation, as well as a third adult that was naturally infected with siv and seroposi ... | 1992 | 1376560 |
| control of eye-head coordination during orienting gaze shifts. | combined eye and head displacements are routinely used to orient the visual axis rapidly (gaze). humans can use a wide variety of head movement strategies. however, in the cat, comparatively limited eye motility forces a more routine and stereotyped use of head motion. nevertheless, the same general principles of gaze control may be applicable to humans, rhesus monkeys and cats. the gaze control system can be modeled using a feedback system in which an internally created, instantaneous, gaze mot ... | 1992 | 1377424 |
| effect of adjuvant formulations on the selection of b-cell epitopes expressed by a malaria peptide vaccine. | because subunit vaccines may create artificial epitopes, the goal of this study was to concentrate the immune response toward protective epitopes contained in a peptide, [(nagg)5]y. this peptide consisted of five repeat sequences of the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi and a terminal tyrosine. it was conjugated to bovine serum albumin and mixed with various adjuvant formulations, including block copolymers l121, l141, l180 ... | 1992 | 1377851 |
| [morphological study of rubeosis iridis induced in animal eyes]. | rubeosis iridis was produced experimentally in rhesus monkey eyes, by means of occlusion of the major retinal vessels of the retina and persistent ocular hypotony. clinically, rubeosis iridis was recognized 5 days after the procedure. histopathologically, these vessels developed anteriorly to the iris surface and endothelial fenestrations showed evidence of iris neovascularization. endothelial cells of the vessels projected toward the internal lumen and showed immaturity. newly formed vessels or ... | 1992 | 1377866 |
| firing characteristics of vestibular nuclei neurons in the alert monkey after bilateral vestibular neurectomy. | after destruction of the peripheral vestibular system which is not activated by moving large-field visual stimulation, not only labyrinthine-ocular reflexes but also optokinetic-ocular responses related to the "velocity storage" mechanism are abolished. in the normal monkey optokinetic-ocular responses are reflected in sustained activity changes of central vestibular neurons within the vestibular nuclei. to account for the loss of optokinetic responses after labyrinthectomy, inactivation of cent ... | 1992 | 1378026 |
| hiv-induced cysteine deficiency and t-cell dysfunction--a rationale for treatment with n-acetylcysteine. | markedly decreased plasma cystine and cysteine concentrations have been found in hiv-infected patients at all stages of the disease and in siv-infected rhesus macaques. the elevated glutamate levels found in the same patients aggravate the cysteine deficiency by inhibiting the membrane transport activity for cystine. the intact immune system appears to require a delicate balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant conditions, maintained by a limited and well-regulated supply of cysteine. this ba ... | 1992 | 1378279 |
| interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | interstitial pneumonia unrelated to pneumocystis carinii or other infections was observed histopathologically in 5 of 25 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the predominant lesion was lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and hyperplasia of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid tissue. immunohistochemical staining using a panel of antibodies against human t and b lymphocytes, macrophages, and immunoglobulins showed that peribronchial aggregates and inter ... | 1992 | 1378892 |
| characterization of t cell epitopes on the envelope glycoprotein of simian retrovirus 1 and 2 (srv-1 and srv-2) in several mouse strains. | various mouse strains were immunized with either srv-1 or srv-2 virus adsorbed on alum. seven to 14 days later spleen cells were removed, and spleen cells were cultured with varying amounts of srv-1 virus and srv-2 virus, or varying amounts of selected srv-1 and srv-2 synthetic envelope peptides to determine their ability to initiate t cell proliferative responses. our studies demonstrated that all mouse strains tested gave strong proliferative responses with srv-2 virus. in contrast, srv-1 viru ... | 1992 | 1378937 |
| a comparison of interferon responses to poly iclc in males and females. | interferon (ifn) responses to polyriboinosinic acid polyribocytidylic acid in poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly iclc) have been studied in detail in 6 men and 3 women as part of a preliminary trial in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). patients received intravenous (i.v.) doses of 100 micrograms/kg poly iclc, and serum ifn levels were determined serially every 4 h for 16 h. men and women produced substantial levels of ifn at 8, 12, and 16 h after infusion, but levels in men were ... | 1992 | 1379290 |
| effects of repeated injections of cocaine on catecholamine receptor binding sites, dopamine transporter binding sites and behavior in rhesus monkey. | in order to determine if repeated injections of cocaine produced long-lasting alterations in catecholaminergic binding sites, rhesus monkeys were treated with saline (1.0 ml/15 kg) or cocaine (3.0-4.0 mg/kg) four times daily for 14 consecutive days and sacrificed two weeks after the last injection. the densities of dopamine d1 receptor binding sites, dopamine transporter binding sites and beta adrenergic receptor binding sites were significantly decreased in caudate nucleus to 51%, 17% and 61% o ... | 1992 | 1380862 |
| studies on a type d retrovirus isolated from an aids patient lymphoma. | the development of aids-related lymphomas (arl) has been on the rise in recent years. during an analysis of arl from aids patients, one individual developed atypical syncytial variants of high-grade burkitt's-type b-cell lymphomas, which prompted further study. however, the search for a hiv-1 retrovirus, which we hypothesized was infecting these cells, led to the subsequent discovery of a type d retrovirus in two early-passage lymphoma cell lines derived from this patient. nucleotide and amino a ... | 1992 | 1381207 |
| effects of maternal marginal zinc deficiency on myelin protein profiles in the suckling rat and infant rhesus monkey. | in the current study, the effects of marginal zn deficiency on myelin protein profiles in neonatal rats and rhesus monkeys were investigated. following mating, rats were fed a zn-adequate diet, ad libitum (50 micrograms zn/g; 50 zn al), or a marginal zn diet (10 micrograms zn/g) from day 0 (10 zn d0) or day 14 (10 zn d14) of gestation to day 20 postnatal. an additional group of dams was restricted-fed the control diet to the food intake of the 10 zn d0 group (50 zn rf). day 20 pup plasma and liv ... | 1992 | 1382522 |
| species-specific epitopes exist on the cytoplasmic amino-terminal domain of erythrocyte band 3 protein. | monoclonal antibodies (p3-9h, p3-1f, p3-2h, p3-4a, and p3-4c) to human erythrocyte band 3 were produced using human erythrocyte membranes as the immunogen. all epitopes defined by these antibodies were found on the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3. the antibodies crossreacted variously with erythrocyte band 3 of primates (chimpanzee, orangutan, rhesus monkey, japanese monkey, spider monkey, and capuchin monkey) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. p3-9h did not crossreact ... | 1992 | 1383196 |
| cingulate input to the primary and supplementary motor cortices in the rhesus monkey: evidence for somatotopy in areas 24c and 23c. | we examined the distribution of cingulate projections to the somatotopically related parts of the primary (m1) and supplementary (m2) motor cortices of the monkey by using fluorescent dyes. labeled neurons were found in layers 3, 5 and 6 of areas 24c and 23c and were heaviest following injections placed in m2. projections to analogous somatotopic areas in m1 and m2 arose from similar cingulate regions. in area 24c, neurons projecting to the face area of m1 and m2 were located anteriorly, those t ... | 1992 | 1383283 |
| helper virus induced t cell lymphoma in nonhuman primates after retroviral mediated gene transfer. | moloney murine leukemia virus (momulv) causes t cell neoplasms in rodents but is not known to be a pathogen in primates. the core protein and enzyme genes of the momulv genome together with an amphotropic envelope gene are utilized to engineer the cell lines that generate retroviral vectors for use in current human gene therapy applications. we developed a producer clone that generates a very high concentration of retroviral vector particles to optimize conditions for gene insertion into pluripo ... | 1992 | 1383375 |
| a longitudinal assessment of csf monoamine metabolite and plasma cortisol concentrations in young rhesus monkeys. | twenty-two rhesus macaques were studied longitudinally from infancy to early adolescence in order to assess the effects of developmental change, experimental history, gender, and individual variation on the response of the catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and adrenocortical systems to separation-induced stress. experimental effects were assessed by comparing subjects reared for the first 6 months of life either with their mothers or in peer groups. developmental changes in response to repeated s ... | 1992 | 1384725 |
| hydroxyurea-induced hbf production in anemic primates: augmentation by erythropoietin, hematopoietic growth factors, and sodium butyrate. | hydroxyurea, a cell-cycle-specific cytotoxic agent, has been shown to increase fetal hemoglobin (hbf) production. this property makes it an attractive drug for treatment of sickle cell disease and severe beta thalassemia. its potential efficacy is limited because of a variable and often suboptimal response. combinations of hydroxyurea and other drugs may induce more clinically significant increases in hbf. we have utilized chronically phlebotomized rhesus monkeys, treated with oral hydroxyurea, ... | 1992 | 1385194 |
| pathological changes in the reproductive tract of male rhesus monkeys associated with age and simian aids. | the pathological changes associated with ageing and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in groups of immature, adult and ageing rhesus monkeys were studied. eighty three per cent (5 of 6) of uninfected ageing animals had hyperplasia of the prostate, 33 per cent (2 of 6) had mild prostatitis and in 66 per cent (4 of 6) there were calcified concretions in the seminal vesicles. the testes were normal and showed active spermatogenesis. in the siv-infected animals, two types of lesion occur ... | 1992 | 1385497 |
| early postnatal androgenization imprints selective changes in the action of estrogens in the rat uterus. | exposure of animals perinatally to some hormonally active agents may imprint permanent changes on the action of related hormones. the present study investigated the effects of early postnatal androgenization on various genomic responses to estrogen in the uterus of prepubertal rats. female rats were androgenized at postnatal ages of 1, 5, or 13 days with a single s.c. injection of testosterone propionate. at the age of 21 days, the animals were stimulated with estrogens. the uteri of androgenize ... | 1992 | 1391305 |
| different patterns of myometrial activity and 24-h rhythms in myometrial contractility in the gravid baboon during the second half of pregnancy. | two clearly distinct epochs of myometrial contractility were observed in 13 pregnant baboons when recorded either as intraamniotic pressure (iap) or myometrial electromyogram (emg). contractures, epochs lasting longer than 3 min, were the characteristic form of myometrial activity throughout pregnancy. contractures generated only small increases in iap. short-lived contractions, generating larger increases in iap, were characteristic of labor and delivery. power spectral analysis of iap and myom ... | 1992 | 1391314 |
| maternal plasma catecholamines in the rhesus macaque during late gestation: effect of photoperiod and timed melatonin infusion. | this study tested the hypothesis that changes in photoperiod alter plasma catecholamine concentrations in the rhesus monkey during late gestation. twelve chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus macaques were acclimated to a 12-h photoperiod (lights-on, 0700-1900 h). under the control l:d cycle, blood samples were collected at 3-h intervals over 24 h for catecholamine analysis. plasma concentrations (mean +/- sem, pg/ml) ranged from 678 +/- 90 to 928 +/- 142 for norepinephrine; 230 +/- 22 to 631 ... | 1992 | 1391345 |
| immunogenicity of diaspirin cross-linked human hemoglobin solutions. | to assess the potential immunogenicity of human diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (dclhb) solution, repetitive doses of this material were given intravenously to rhesus monkeys at monthly intervals and the immune response to this challenge was assessed. serum samples collected at multiple intervals throughout the study showed no evidence of dclhb specific igg or igm production. intradermal skin tests performed one month after the final dclhb infusion were also negative. these data demonstrate th ... | 1992 | 1391483 |
| [studies on the strain differences of schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of china. viii. immunoreactions in experimental animals]. | observations on the immunoreactivities toward egg antigens of different experimental animals infected with schistosoma japonicum were made, which included mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit and rhesus monkey. the cercariae applied for infection were shed by snails collected from 5 different isolates, i.e., anhui, hubei, sichuan, yunnan and guangxi in the mainland of china. sera from the same sort of animals were separately pooled according to the different sources of infection mentioned above. antibody ... | 1992 | 1394904 |
| sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay for quantifying pergolide in plasma. | pergolide, a synthetic ergoline with potent dopaminergic activity, is used to treat parkinson disease. the low plasma concentrations of pergolide achieved during therapy complicate the development of a method for its analysis. because radioimmunoassay successfully measures other structurally related ergolines in physiological fluids, we undertook the development of a radioimmunoassay of pergolide. the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay is 21 ng/l with an optimal working range from 100 to 10 ... | 1992 | 1394981 |
| young children's (homo sapiens) understanding of knowledge formation in themselves and others. | three- and 4-year-old children (homo sapiens) were tested for comprehension of knowledge formation. in experiment 1, 34 subjects watched as a surprise was hidden under 1 of 4 obscured cups. the experimenter then pointed to the cup. all children searched under the correct cup, but no 3-year-olds (in contrast to most 4-year-olds) could explain how they knew where to look. subjects then discriminated between simultaneous pointing by 2 adults, one who had hidden a surprise and one who had left the r ... | 1992 | 1395492 |
| affiliative vocalizations in infant rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | in experiment 1, infant rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were separated and then reunited with mothers, united with a male, or placed in an empty cage. infants girned more when with mothers or the male than when alone. girns declined over time when infants were united with the male. coo rates were high when the infant was alone or with the male. shrieks, barks, and fear-related behavior were higher with the male. in experiment 2 the vocalizations of infants were examined during separation when al ... | 1992 | 1395495 |
| oral self-administration of pentobarbital by rhesus monkeys: relative reinforcing effects under concurrent signalled differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates schedules. | during daily 3-h sessions two separate pentobarbital solutions were concurrently available to rhesus monkeys under signalled differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (signalled drl) schedules of mouth contacts with spouts. the schedules were synchronized so that each time the 30-s drl interval expired, lights above both spouts were illuminated and a liquid delivery could be obtained either from the left or right spout, but not both. first water and then each of four 'comparison-concentration' pen ... | 1992 | 1396103 |
| growth hormone- and prolactin-binding proteins in mammalian serum. | the present study was undertaken to characterize the species specificity and diversity of lactogenic and somatogenic binding to serum among mammals and to classify gh-binding protein (gh-bp) in this group of species. animal sera were characterized on the basis of human (h) gh and bovine (b) prl binding levels, binding specificity toward ghs and prls, binding affinity constant (ka), and the ability of a monoclonal antirabbit gh receptor antibody (mab-7) to inhibit the binding to serum. analyses o ... | 1992 | 1396325 |
| effect of ru 486 on the endometrial response to deciduogenic stimulus in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys treated with oestrogen and progesterone. | using the artificial plaque--decidual cell model in rhesus monkeys, the potential role of progesterone in the process of of epithelial and stromal cell responses was investigated by time-adjusted application of an antiprogestin, ru 486. epithelial plaque formation is an immediate response of the endometrium to either trauma or invading trophoblast cells. to study this process, ru 486 (2.5 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (ethanol/saline, 7:3, v/v, i.m.) was administered to the first group of monkey ... | 1992 | 1400927 |
| genesis of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the monkey. | we have analyzed the genesis of various neuronal classes and subclasses in the ganglion cell layer of the primate retina. neurons were classified according to their size and the time of their origin was determined by pulse labeling with 3h-thymidine administered to female monkeys 38 to 70 days pregnant. all offspring were sacrificed postnatally, and their retinas processed for autoradiography. the somata of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer generated on embryonic day (e) 38 ranged from 9 ... | 1992 | 1401251 |
| serum concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin during prolonged therapy in rhesus monkeys. | concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were measured by bioassay in sera of rhesus monkeys treated with these drugs for inhalation anthrax. antibiotic doses were determined on the basis of published serum concentration data from humans and comparative body surface area calculations for humans and rhesus monkeys. the antibiotics were well tolerated. serum peak and trough concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively, averaged 2.7 and 0.8, 1.31 an ... | 1992 | 1402033 |
| monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor--alpha prevents lethal endotoxin sepsis in adult rhesus monkeys. | in a rhesus monkey endotoxin sepsis model established by intravenous administration of 300 mg/kg d-galactosamine and 0.1 microgram/kg lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi, hemodynamic, respiratory, metabolic and hematologic variables; levels of blood gases; monkey leukocyte elastase levels, and blood plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor--alpha (tnf) were monitored for 6 hours after administration, and again after 24 hours. thirty minutes after administration of lipopolysacch ... | 1992 | 1402333 |
| primiparous rhesus monkey mothers are more sensitive to the nursing-induced inhibition of lh and ovarian steroid secretion. | the duration of lactational infertility is prolonged significantly in adolescent, primiparous rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) mothers compared with adult, multiparous mothers. the present study examined the hypothesis that this parity/age difference in lactational infertility is due to a difference in the physiological responsiveness to nursing behaviour between adolescent and fully adult mothers and is not a consequence of differences in nursing behaviour, per se. at 22 weeks postpartum, mother- ... | 1992 | 1402555 |
| primacy and recency effects in nonhuman primates. | the reports of primacy and recency memory effects in nonhuman primates have been criticized because they have all used an initiating response. that is, the presentation of the to-be-remembered list of items was always contingent on a response being initiated by the nonhuman primate. it has been argued that this initiating response improves performance for early items in the list, resulting in the occurrence of the primacy effect, independent of any memory processing mechanism. this criticism was ... | 1992 | 1402692 |
| comparative assessment of psychomotor performance: target prediction by humans and macaques (macaca mulatta). | although nonhuman primates such as rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) have been useful models of many aspects of cognition and performance, it has been argued that, unlike humans, they may lack the capacity to respond as predictor-operators. data from the present series of experiments undermine this claim, suggesting instead a continuity of predictive competency between humans and nonhuman primates. a prediction coefficient was devised to examine the degree to which each subject's response path app ... | 1992 | 1402703 |
| enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis: epidemics, animal transmission, and hepatitis e virus detection by the polymerase chain reaction. | we studied epidemics of viral hepatitis occurring at three different places in india. one was a combined epidemic due to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. in this epidemic, hav affected children below 10 years of age, whereas hev infected the young adult population. hev was transmitted to rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata) and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on bile from the animals. fecal material from acutely infected patients in one of the epidemics ... | 1992 | 1402825 |
| growth of the mandible following replacement of the mandibular condyle with the sternal end of the clavicle: an experimental investigation in macaca mulatta. | this study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of transplanted clavicles to the temporomandibular joint (tmj) in juvenile monkeys. sixteen juvenile female monkeys (macaca mulatta) were used in this experiment. eight animals were used as controls and were allowed to grow undisturbed for an 18-month period (group control). eight animals were divided into two groups and underwent bilateral condylar excision via extraoral vertical ramus osteotomies. four of these animals had their cond ... | 1992 | 1403276 |
| sera from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. | rhesus macaque monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) develop a syndrome mimicking acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. we had demonstrated previously that sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes from healthy noninfected subjects and that this phenomenon was associated with the development of clinical aids. thus, we sought to determine whether sera from siv-infected monkeys would also i ... | 1992 | 1403349 |
| mutations within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna which enhance replication in bs-c-1 cells. | passage of human hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture results in attenuation of the virus as well as progressive increases in the efficiency of virus replication in cell culture. because the presence of identical mutations within the 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) of several independently isolated cell culture-adapted hav variants suggests that the 5'ntr may play a role in determining this change in virus host range, we constructed chimeric infectious cdna clones in which portions of the 5 ... | 1992 | 1404601 |
| arteriopathy in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | an arteriopathy characterized by intimal and medial thickening and fibrosis was seen in 19 of 85 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), a lentivirus with morphologic, genetic, and biologic similarities to hiv-1 and hiv-2. | 1992 | 1405492 |
| descriptive morphology of developing fetal neostriatal allografts in the rhesus monkey: a correlated light and electron microscopic golgi study. | primate fetal striatal neurons were transplanted into the ibotenic acid lesioned rhesus monkey striatum. ten weeks after transplantation the monkeys were transcardially perfused and graft tissue was histologically stained. golgi impregnated, and processed for electron microscopy. the monkeys received magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans before lesioning, after lesioning, and ten weeks after transplantation to noninvasively study the striatal grafts. the study demonstrated that fetal striatal g ... | 1992 | 1407554 |
| the metabolism of human sex hormone-binding globulin in the rhesus monkey. | the metabolism of human sex hormone-binding globulin (hshbg) was studied in eight female rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) after the pulse injection of [125i]-hshbg. hshbg was iodinated with 125i using a chloramine t technique, and the [125i]-hshbg was separated from other constituents by molecular sieve chromatography with a sephadex g-25 column. the [125i]-hshbg was administered intravenously as a pulse in 2 ml of phosphate buffer, ph 7.4, to each of eight rhesus monkeys. blood samples (2.0 ml) ... | 1992 | 1409736 |
| determination of r dna hirudin and a-human thrombin- hirudin complex in plasma samples: enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for hirudin and complex vs. chromogenic thrombin substrate assay. | rdna hirudin plasma concentrations in man and rhesus monkeys were determined over a period of 15 and 24 h. the plasma concentration of alpha-human thrombin-hirudin complex was measured after administration of the complex to rhesus monkeys. the complex was also determined after administration of hirudin to man and rhesus monkeys to study a possible formation of a complex with alpha-human thrombin in blood. the determination of hirudin was performed by a sandwich elisa, using polyclonal and monocl ... | 1992 | 1412181 |
| pharmacokinetic investigations of the alpha-human thrombin-hirudin complex in rhesus monkeys. | | 1992 | 1412198 |
| enantioselective induction of peroxisomal proliferation in cd-1 mice by leukotriene antagonists. | the effects of a racemic leukotriene antagonist (mk-0571) and its component enantiomers (l-668,018 and l-668,019) on hepatic peroxisome proliferation were examined in mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys. administration of racemic mk-0571 to mice resulted in increased liver weights, increased peroxisomal volume density, and a pleiotropic induction of characteristic peroxisomal and nonperoxisomal enzyme activities associated with peroxisomal proliferation. when the individual enantiomers of mk-0571 wer ... | 1992 | 1412466 |
| effect of cyproterone acetate on structure and function of rhesus monkey reproductive organs. | a low dose of cyproterone acetate (cpa; 1 mg/kg body weight/day for 70 days) was administered to adult male rhesus monkeys to assess its effects on testicular and epididymal structure and function in a nonhuman primate species. cpa caused extensive degenerative changes in morphology of seminiferous, efferent duct, and epididymal epithelia, including decrease in diameter of seminiferous and epididymal tubules and their lumen, height of epididymal epithelium, and an increase in intertubular connec ... | 1992 | 1416098 |
| morphogenetic and functional activity of type ii cells in early fetal rhesus monkey lungs. a comparison between primates and rodents. | to evaluate further the role of type ii alveolar epithelial cells in primate lung development, lungs of fetal (46 to 155 days gestational age [dga]), postnatal, and adult rhesus monkeys were investigated with antibodies against surfactant protein a (sp-a), alcian blue (ab) staining, and periodic acid-schiff (pas) staining with/without alpha-amylase pre-treatment. in adult and postnatal lungs, type ii cells (cuboid shape; large, roundish nucleus) displayed a unique cytoplasmic staining for sp-a. ... | 1992 | 1416101 |
| complications of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rhesus monkeys. | | 1992 | 1417450 |
| cardiac xenografting in the pig-to-rhesus monkey model: manipulation of antiendothelial antibody prolongs survival. | transplantation of immediately vascularized grafts across species barriers in which preformed cytotoxic antibodies exist, otherwise known as discordant combinations, has uniformly resulted in hyperacute rejection. we studied how well plasma exchange and perfusion through organs removes preformed immunoglobulin m cytotoxic antibodies and prolongs survival of a porcine heart heterotopically transplanted into a rhesus monkey. with the use of plasma exchange or absorption of antibodies by porcine ki ... | 1992 | 1420246 |
| differential effects of sequential, simultaneous, and single agent interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on megakaryocyte maturation and platelet response in primates. | recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) following interleukin-3 (il-3) priming has been shown to increase thrombopoiesis. to elucidate the comparative abilities of il-3 and gm-csf in influencing megakaryocyte development in vivo, serial bone marrow analyses were performed on rhesus monkeys treated with 5 micrograms/kg/d of il-3 and 5 micrograms/kg/d of gm-csf sequentially for 4 days each, simultaneously for 8 days, and as single agents for 8 days. platelet counts ma ... | 1992 | 1421371 |
| the neurobiology of primate puberty. | in higher primates the protracted prepubertal phase of development is occasioned by a mechanism that suppresses pulsatile hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion from late infancy until the onset of puberty and thereby guarantees, in the juvenile, the quiescence of the pituitary-gonadal axis. studies from our laboratory have employed the rhesus monkey, a representative higher primate, as an experimental paradigm. gnrh release has been measured using luteinizing hormone secre ... | 1992 | 1425027 |
| cloning and sequences of primate cd4 molecules: diversity of the cellular receptor for simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus. | to study the interaction between the primate lentiviruses simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the cd4 receptor we have cloned and sequenced the cd4 molecule from six non-human primate species: african green monkeys (three subspecies: sabeus, pytherethrus, aethiops), sooty mangabeys, patas monkeys, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and pig-tail macaques. molecular cdna clones representing cd4 mrna were generated from total rna from peripheral blood mononucle ... | 1992 | 1425921 |
| cd4 immunoadhesins in anti-hiv therapy: new developments. | cd4, the cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), is a member of the immunoglobulin (ig) gene superfamily. it contains 4 extracellular sequences homologous to ig variable domains, the first of which (v1) is sufficient for binding to hiv. to develop cd4 as an anti-hiv therapeutic, we engineered a cd4 immunoadhesin (cd4-igg)--a fusion protein containing the v1 and v2 domains of cd4 with the hinge and fc regions of human ig heavy chain. a chimeric protein of this type has s ... | 1992 | 1428410 |
| the relationship between apoptosis and atrophy in the irradiated lacrimal gland. | atrophy is generally considered to be a true late effect of radiation. however, in serous glands, atrophy was thought to be a consequential late effect because serous cells die within hours of irradiation and the apparent effects of atrophy are observed contemporaneously with radiation treatment. therefore, to determine the pathogenesis of atrophy in serous glands, it is necessary to differentiate between parenchymal loss as a result of direct radiation death of serous cells and parenchymal loss ... | 1992 | 1429093 |
| localization of renin gene expression to monkey ovarian theca cells by in situ hybridization. | to investigate the sites of renin gene expression and localization of renin in primate ovaries, five cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and one rhesus (macaca mulatta) monkey were treated with gonadotropins to induce multiple follicle development. one ovary was removed before hcg injection (1200 iu) from three monkeys and one ovary was removed 36 h after hcg administration from three monkeys. in three monkeys, the remaining ovary was removed 3, 5, and 7 days after injection of hcg. to detect and l ... | 1992 | 1430100 |
| an antibody capture bioassay (acb) for dnase in human serum samples. | a novel assay for antibody captured bioactivity (acb) has been developed to quantitate deoxyribonuclease i (dnase) in human serum samples. the procedure is simple, sensitive, reproducible and has a high throughput. serum samples are diluted a minimum of 1/4 and assayed in 96-well microtiter plates coated with polyclonal antibodies specific to dnase. the serum is removed from the wells, the plates are washed and the antibody bound dnase is incubated at 37 degrees c with a dna-methyl green substra ... | 1992 | 1431153 |
| transdermal drug delivery systems of albuterol: in vitro and in vivo studies. | in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted with double- and single-layer albuterol transdermal pads designed for once-a-day application. in the in vitro experiments, dissolution of albuterol from pads and permeation of albuterol through hairless mouse skin were monitored. in the in vivo experiments, pads were applied to the chest area of four female rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata), and an albuterol aqueous solution was injected into the saphenous vein of the same animals in a crossover desig ... | 1992 | 1432626 |
| effects of in vivo and in vitro administration of morphine sulfate upon rhesus macaque polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis and chemotaxis. | the effects of morphine administration were evaluated upon the polymorphonuclear (pmn) cell activities of rhesus macaques. sixteen animals were used in the study. seven macaques were treated with saline and nine animals were administered morphine in the form of morphine sulfate, following a control period of saline injections. the dosage regime was initiated at 1 mg of morphine sulfate per kg of b.wt., 3 times daily, with incremental steps to a stable dose of 5 mg/kg, 3 times daily. pmn cells pr ... | 1992 | 1432688 |
| highly potent, orally active diester macrocyclic human renin inhibitors. | replacing one amide bond in macrocyclic renin inhibitors of the general structure 1 and 2 with an ester linkage gave glutamate-derived inhibitors 3 and serine-derived inhibitors 4. while this oxygen-for-nitrogen exchange had little effect on potency in the glutamate series, potency was dramatically increased in the serine series. in this series, the 14-membered ring compounds proved to be more potent than the corresponding 13-membered ring derivatives. substitution of the ring at the position co ... | 1992 | 1433190 |
| are gamma delta t cells important for the elimination of virus-infected cells? | rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) gamma delta t cells were identified using a monoclonal antibody. the relative representation of gamma delta t lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen resembles that of homo sapiens. the analysis of function and specificity revealed further significant similarities between the simian and human gamma delta t-cell systems. since both human and monkey gamma delta t lymphocytes can effectively lyse cells infected with immunodeficiency viruses, it i ... | 1992 | 1433261 |
| comparison of protection from homologous cell-free vs cell-associated siv challenge afforded by inactivated whole siv vaccines. | this study attempted to determine if siv vaccines could protect against challenge with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from an siv infected rhesus monkey. mature macaca mulatta were vaccinated four times with formalin inactivated sivmac32h administered in mdp adjuvant (n = 8) or sivmac32h iscom vaccine (n = 8). controls included animals vaccinated with measles virus in mdp adjuvant (n = 4) or iscom (n = 4) preparations. of each group, half were challenged intravenously (iv) with ten m ... | 1992 | 1433263 |
| mechanism of genital transmission of siv: a hypothesis based on transmission studies and the location of siv in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. | to understand the biologic processes involved in transmission of hiv, we examined the genital tracts of chronically infected female macaques and localized siv-infected cells. siv was found in the genital tract of 12 of 16 animals and siv-infected cells were located in the cervix and vagina. inoculation of cell-free siv into the blind vaginal pouch of hysterectomized macaques resulted in systemic infection. we propose a hypothesis to explain the early events in the genital transmission of siv. | 1992 | 1433268 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus dna in macrophages from infected rhesus macaques. | we have examined the frequency of infection of monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages isolated from rhesus macaques inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) utilizing a semiquantitative pcr methodology. animals were inoculated with either pathogenic (sivmac239) or nonpathogenic (sivmac1a11) molecularly cloned viruses of sivmac, or with uncloned pathogenic sivmacbiol. the frequency of siv dna in macrophages was highest early after infection and at terminal stages of disease, wher ... | 1992 | 1433270 |
| efficacy of live-attenuated and whole-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines against vaginal challenge with virulent siv. | the ability of two vaccine preparations (uv-psoralen inactivated siv administered intramuscularly and live-attenuated siv inoculated intravaginally) to prevent genital transmission of virulent siv in rhesus macaques was tested. two of six whole-inactivated siv vaccinated macaques, three of five live-attenuated siv vaccinated macaques, and four of six controls became persistently infected after two separate intravaginal inoculations with a 50% animal infectious dose of virulent siv. no associatio ... | 1992 | 1433273 |
| diarrhea rates and risk factors for developing chronic diarrhea in infant and juvenile rhesus monkeys. | ten independent risk factors were evaluated in an effort to identify predictors of problem diarrhea at weaning and chronic diarrhea in infant and juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) at the california primate research center. none of the variables proved to be a significant predictor of problem diarrhea at weaning; however, two of the variables were significant predictors for developing chronic diarrhea. odds ratios, adjusted for other variables in the logistic regression model, showed that ... | 1992 | 1434494 |
| pickle barrels as enrichment objects for rhesus macaques. | two breeding groups of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) housed in outdoor enclosures on key lois island were observed for 84 hours. instantaneous scan sampling of a focal animal was used to gather data to test hypotheses concerning frequencies of agonistic and affiliative behaviors as well as differential use of pickle barrels as enrichment objects. type of barrel used, behavior, and age/sex class of the animal were noted. barrels were arranged three ways: unattached, on a swivel, and stationary. ... | 1992 | 1434501 |
| congenital hypotrichosis in a rhesus monkey. | | 1992 | 1434505 |
| langerhans cells, macrophages and lymphocyte subsets in the cervix and vagina of rhesus macaques. | the lower reproductive tract is an important site of contact with pathogenic microorganisms and local immune responses to a variety of antigens have been reported. the purpose of this investigation was to define the morphology of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the genital tract of rhesus monkeys. | 1992 | 1434540 |
| dependence studies of new compounds in the rhesus monkey and mouse (1991). | | 1992 | 1435984 |
| filtering seton implant for glaucoma: initial animal trial. | a newly developed silicone filtering seton device was implanted in each of five eyes of four rhesus monkeys after they had undergone extensive argon-laser trabeculoplasty to raise their intraocular pressure (iop). one animal (one implant eye) was killed at 6 weeks. the other three animals (four implant eyes) were observed for 17 to 24 months following implantation surgery. mild to moderate postoperative inflammation subsided during the first postoperative week. the eyes remained quiet throughout ... | 1992 | 1436974 |