| cd36 directly mediates cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes. | erythrocytes infected with p. falciparum express knob-like adhesion structures that allow the infected cells to cling to the postcapilliary endothelium of characteristic host organs. at present, the mechanism of cytoadherence is not fully understood. while parasitized erythrocytes have been shown to specifically bind to the platelet/matrix molecule thrombospondin, adherence to suitable target cells can also be blocked by monoclonal antibody okm5, which recognizes a surface molecule expressed by ... | 1989 | 2473841 |
| activation of monocytes and platelets by monoclonal antibodies or malaria-infected erythrocytes binding to the cd36 surface receptor in vitro. | the cd36 leukocyte differentiation antigen, recognized by mabs okm5 and okm8 and found on human monocytes and endothelial cells, has been implicated as a sequestration receptor for erythrocytes infected with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (irbc). cd36 is also expressed on platelets and appears to be identical to platelet glycoprotein iv. we investigated receptor activation of monocytes and platelets by anti-cd36 mabs and by irbc. incubation of human monocytes with anti-cd36 mab ... | 1989 | 2474569 |
| a human 88-kd membrane glycoprotein (cd36) functions in vitro as a receptor for a cytoadherence ligand on plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (ie) specifically adhere to vascular endothelium in vivo and to human endothelial cells, some human melanoma cell lines, and human monocytes in vitro. the tissue cell receptor for a ligand on the surface of the infected erythrocytes is an mr 88,000 glycoprotein (gp88) recognized by the mab okm5, which also blocks cytoadherence of ie. isolated, affinity-purified gp88 (cd36) competitively blocks cytoadherence and when absorbed to plastic surfaces, specif ... | 1989 | 2474574 |
| the effects of polyamine analogues on malaria parasites in vitro and in vivo. | | 1988 | 2475014 |
| passive modulation of antigenic expression in the surface of normal and malaria-infected erythrocytes. | the membranes of plasmodium falciparum-infected human red blood cells contain antigens of demonstrably cryptic character. we show here, by a cell surface radioimmunoassay using anti-human red cell membrane antisera, that raising the membrane microviscosity of intact cells leads to a marked increase in the cell surface antigen reactivity of normal cells, and even more so in cells infected in vitro with two strains of p. falciparum. a variety of sera from adults and children living in endemic area ... | 1989 | 2475777 |
| intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is an endothelial cell adhesion receptor for plasmodium falciparum. | the primary event in the pathogenesis of severe malaria in plasmodium falciparum infection is thought to be adherence of trophozoite- and schizont-infected erythrocytes to capillary endothelium, a process called sequestration. identifying the endothelial molecules used as receptors is an essential step in understanding this disease process. recent work implicates the membrane glycoprotein cd36 (platelet glycoprotein iv; refs 2-5) and the multi-functional glycoprotein thrombospondin as receptors. ... | 1989 | 2475784 |
| anti-sporozoite antibodies and immunity to malaria in a rural gambian population. | a conserved repeated epitope, (nanp)3, of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum has been identified previously as a putative target for artificially induced immunity to malaria. we examined the role of humoral responses to this epitope in acquired immunity to malaria in a rural african population. seropositivity to (nanp)3 was slow to develop (9% positive in subjects aged 1-11 years; 88% in those of 30 years and above), and responses in younger subjects were transient. the poor r ... | 1988 | 2475928 |
| a protective monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope in the carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich domain in the precursor of the major merozoite surface antigen of the rodent malarial parasite, plasmodium yoelii. | the 195-kda major merozoite surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum (pf pmmsa) is a potential candidate for the development of a blood-stage malarial vaccine. we have focused on an analogous 230-kda ag of the rodent malarial parasite, plasmodium yoelii, in an effort to study this protein in an experimental model system. previously we reported the cloning and sequencing of a 2.1-kb portion of the gene encoding the carboxyl-terminal 77 kda of the py pmmsa. this region contained the b cell epitope ... | 1989 | 2477452 |
| a circumsporozoite-like protein is present in micronemes of mature blood stages of malaria parasites. | we demonstrate for the first time the presence of a circumsporozoite (cs)-like protein in invasive blood stages of malaria parasites. immunogold electron microscopy using antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies localized these antigens in the micronemes of merozoites. western immunoblot and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of mature blood stage extracts of plasmodium falciparum, p. berghei, p. cynomolgi, and p. brasilianum identified polypeptides having the same apparent molecular mass and isoel ... | 1989 | 2478385 |
| t and b cell responses of plasmodium falciparum malaria-immune individuals to synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences in different regions of the p. falciparum antigen pf155/resa. | the c-terminal (3') amino acid repeat region of the plasmodium falciparum ag pf155/resa, a vaccine candidate, contains immunodominant t and b cell epitopes. in order to identify additional t cell epitopes in the molecule, synthetic peptides corresponding to the centrally (5') located repeat region, as well as to four nonrepeated regions, were synthesized. t cells from 46 p. falciparum-primed individuals living in a holoendemic area of the gambia where malaria transmission is seasonal were tested ... | 1989 | 2478632 |
| the use of maleimidocaproyloxysuccinimide to prepare malarial peptide carrier immunogens. immunogenicity of the linking region. | malarial peptides synthesized with an added n terminal cysteine were conjugated to purified diphtheria toxoid (dt) protein using the bifunctional reagent maleimidocaproyloxysuccinimide (mcs). the molar ratio of peptide to carrier was determined by subtractive sulphydryl titration and confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) electrophoresis. for enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent (elisa) analysis of sera from animals immunized with the dt conjugates, peptides were conjugated to bovine serum albumin ... | 1989 | 2478635 |
| effects of interferons on immune response to a synthetic peptide malaria sporozoite vaccine in non-immune adults. | a plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine, composed of a synthetic dodecapeptide (nanp)3 coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt), was injected, at weeks 0 and 8, into non-immune volunteers in two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. in the first trial, 37 volunteers received the vaccine simultaneously with placebo (group 1), 0.5 x 10(6-) (group 2), or 1.5 x 10(6) u (group 3) of recombinant human interferon-alpha (= ifn-alpha). in the second trial, 35 other volunteers received the vaccine w ... | 1989 | 2479187 |
| molecular studies related to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. | | 1989 | 2479423 |
| analysis of human t cell response to two plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigens. | eight novel human t cell epitopes were identified within the two major merozoite surface antigens (msa1 and msa2) of plasmodium falciparum using synthetic peptides. all except one of the peptides conformed structurally to an amphipathic alpha helix and three out of the four msa1 peptides also contained sequences containing the rothbard motif. peptide msa2/2, which fitted none of these criteria, was recognized by our donors to a similar degree as the other peptides. this peptide also contains a b ... | 1989 | 2479561 |
| a heat shock-like protein from the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum induces autoantibodies. | the humoral immune response to a 72-kda heat shock-like protein of plasmodium falciparum has been analyzed using mouse monoclonal antibodies (mab) and human immune sera. three regions of the molecule containing b cell epitopes were identified by screening a sublibrary encoding the cooh-terminal half of the antigen with the mab. one b cell epitope mapped to a region poorly conserved between the parasite 72-kda polypeptide and mammalian heat-shock proteins (hsp 70). another mab, g10c9, reacted wit ... | 1989 | 2479563 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of a beta-tubulin gene from plasmodium falciparum, a malarial parasite of man. | genomic and cdna clones, containing a plasmodium falciparum beta-tubulin coding sequence (pf-btub), were isolated and characterized. comparison of the genomic sequence with the cdna sequence showed that the malarial btub-coding region is interrupted by two introns, the positions of which are not found in any beta-tubulin gene (btub) from other species. the gene appears to be present as a single-copy gene in the p. falciparum genome and is expressed as a 2.3-kb transcript both in the asexual bloo ... | 1989 | 2479594 |
| mechanisms of immunodominance in t-cell recognition, with applications to vaccine design. | immunodominant t-cell antigenic sites can so dominate a response that their presence leads to high responsiveness and their absence to low responsiveness. therefore, it is important to locate such sites for vaccine development. factors that lead to immunodominance include features extrinsic to the structure of the site itself, such as the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules of the host and the types of fragments produced by processing of the protein antigen before the t cell sees it ... | 1988 | 2479631 |
| conserved repetitive epitope recognized by cd4+ clones from a malaria-immunized volunteer. | t cell clones obtained from a human volunteer immunized with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites specifically recognized the native circumsporozoite (cs) antigen expressed on p. falciparum sporozoites, as well as bacteria- and yeast-derived recombinant falciparum cs proteins. the response of these cd4+ cd8- cells was species-specific, since the clones did not proliferate or secrete gamma interferon when challenged with sporozoites or recombinant cs proteins of other human, simian, or rodent malari ... | 1989 | 2480642 |
| dissection of the human antibody response to the malaria antigen pf155/resa into epitope specific components. | the development of vaccines is presently receiving major attention in malaria research. as it is not possible to base malaria vaccines on the use of killed or attenuated organisms, the vaccines which are being developed are subunit vaccines in which the immunogens consist of defined parasite antigens or antigenic fragments. since protective immunity to malaria involves both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms, the immunogens in a subunit vaccine must have the capacity to induc ... | 1989 | 2481640 |
| wild isolates of plasmodium falciparum show extensive polymorphism in t cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein. | variation in the immunodominant t cell epitopes th2r and th3r of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein has been analysed from gambian clinical isolates using the polymerase chain reaction. the degree of polymorphism in these epitopes is more extensive than that found in several geographically diverse laboratory isolates. these findings strongly suggest that it will not be feasible to include all variants in a polyvalent subunit sporozoite vaccine. | 1989 | 2481827 |
| association between hla type and antibody response to malaria sporozoite and gametocyte epitopes is not evident in immune papua new guineans. | hla-a,b,c and dr types were determined for 46 adults living in the madang area of papua new guinea. sera from these individuals were tested by elisa for antibodies against: (i) sonicated schizont extract of plasmodium falciparum; (ii) circumsporozoite repeat regions of p. falciparum and p. vivax; and (iii) epitopes on the 230 and 48/45 kd gametocyte antigens of p. falciparum. all sera were from highly immune individuals and reacted strongly to the schizont antigen. the proportions responding to ... | 1989 | 2482146 |
| cross-reactivity of antibody against an epitope of the plasmodium falciparum second merozoite surface antigen. | monoclonal antibodies directed against the 51 kd merozoite surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum also bind to other antigens within the infected cell. the sizes of these cross-reacting antigens have been characterized. immunofluorescence due to the reaction of one of the monoclonal antibodies with these cross-reacting antigens was localized in the intra-erythrocytic parasite and in granules in the infected red cell cytoplasm. this immunofluorescence could be distinguished from the merozoite s ... | 1989 | 2482473 |
| phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients. | antigens containing phosphocholine (pc) circulate in the blood during chronic filarial infection. because of the wide occurrence of such pc epitopes, we examined their specificity by evaluating 10 common parasites of humans for the presence of pc epitopes, and sera from patients infected with these parasites for circulating antigens containing pc. immunoblot analysis of extracts from various parasites using an anti-pc monoclonal antibody (ca101) demonstrated the presence of pc epitopes on the pr ... | 1989 | 2482559 |
| activation of the coagulation cascade in falciparum malaria. | the incidence and progression of coagulation abnormalities were studied in 52 patients with acute falciparum malaria. the patients were prospectively divided into 3 groups; severe (parasitaemia greater than or equal to 5% or vital organ dysfunction), 12 patients; moderate (parasitaemia 1%- less than 5% without complications), 16 patients; and mild (parasitaemia less than 1%), 24 patients. no case died or developed clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. conventional indices ... | 1989 | 2482560 |
| genetic considerations in the design of a malaria vaccine. | enormous progress has been made in recent years in understanding the molecular basis of the interaction of peptides, the major histocompatibility complex and the t-cell receptor. considerable information must still be gathered before a malaria vaccine capable of protecting individuals in endemic areas is available. this review discusses studies pertaining to the search for t epitopes suitable for inclusion in a malaria vaccine in the light of current concepts of the recognition of peptides by t ... | 1989 | 2483292 |
| [malaria:past and present aspects]. | | 1989 | 2484126 |
| uptake of antibiotics by plasmodium falciparum in culture. | the ability of plasmodium falciparum to accumulate 3h-clindamycin, 3h-tetracycline, and 3h-dihydrostreptomycin was determined in synchronized trophozoites and schizonts in 87% parasitemia 5% hematocrit cultures. accumulation was time-dependent and modestly concentration-dependent. at 0.1 mm initial external drug concentration, the ratio of drug concentration in cells:medium after 120 min was 5.5 for 3h-clindamycin, 2.8 for 3h-tetracycline, and 0.95 for 3h-dihydrostreptomycin. corresponding value ... | 1988 | 2484304 |
| [a current problem: the prevention of malaria]. | the a.a. weight present criteria of choice in order to set right a correct and effective anti-malarial prophylaxis. in the last ten years, a progressive increase of tropical diseases has been observed. this is due to the considerable growth of intercontinental traffic and of the number of persons moving to or from tropical areas where such diseases are endemic. among these, malaria represent the most alarming problem, both because of the incidence cases and the difficulties related to the effica ... | 1989 | 2484502 |
| elisa and serodiagnosis of plasmodium falciparum: a note on the specificity of crude soluble malarial antigen. | | 1989 | 2484843 |
| the feasibility of filter paper collected blood for the serodiagnosis of malaria. | | 1989 | 2487457 |
| episodes of malaria in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1989 | 2487458 |
| cytokines, integrins and the pathogenesis of malaria. | | 1989 | 2487772 |
| analysis of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei in anopheline mosquitoes. | basic knowledge of the sporogonic development of malarial parasites is crucial when evaluating the sporontocidal activity of antimalarial drugs or when determining why certain vectors are refractory to a particular parasite while others are competent vectors. we have developed a model which we have used to i) assess the sporogonic development of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi and a. freeborni mosquitoes and ii) determine the effect of chloroquine on the sporogony of p. falciparum ... | 1989 | 2487889 |
| species of the anopheles gambiae complex and chromosomal polymorphism in a rice-growing area of the rusizi valley (republic of burundi). | chromosome studies on samples of the anopheles gambiae complex were carried out in a village of the rice-growing area of the rusizi valley (burundi). a large predominance of an. arabiensis was observed throughout the year. anopheles gambiae was also present but represented about 4% only of the indoor resting an. gambiae s.l. the finding of human blood-fed specimens in animal shelters suggests partial exophily. abdominal appearance observations indicated a gonotrophic dissociation during the dry ... | 1989 | 2487890 |
| the malaria epidemic in antananarivo observed from pediatric service "a" of the befelatanana general hospital. | a recent malaria epidemic striking antananarivo, the capital city of madagascar, is shown from hospital records of pediatric service "a" of the befelatanana general hospital. from 1980 to 1988 malaria cases in this hospital service increased from 0.9% to 14.4% of all admissions (on average 1785 per year). the unexpected expansion is observed in 1984, 1985 and 1986 and since that time malaria has apparently maintained a stable endemic level. malaria mortality as a proportion of general mortality ... | 1989 | 2487897 |
| congenital falciparum malaria with chloroquine resistance type ii. | a case of congenial falciparum malaria has been reported. the diagnosis was based on history of illness, clinical manifestations, age of the child and presence of the ring form falciparum malaria in the peripheral blood films. treatment with chloroquine showed resistance type ii, though treatment with quinine was successful. in malaria endemic areas, although rare, one must be aware of the possibility of congenital malaria. | 1989 | 2488240 |
| [accidental malaria in parenteral drug abuse]. | | 1989 | 2490442 |
| [malaria. experience at a general hospital]. | general hospitals should not ignore tropical diseases, even if they are not directly concerned with them. in our area, 3 and 6 instances of malaria have been diagnosed per year, 13 cases having been observed during the last 3 years. prognosis is related with the quickness in achieving the diagnosis after the onset of symptoms; in our series it ranged from 4 days and one month. the outcome was good in all cases. to keep a reasonable good suspicion level, it should be remembered that the latency p ... | 1989 | 2490697 |
| [imported malaria: a clinical and epidemiological description of 49 cases]. | malaria is the most common protozoan infection in the world. in 1964, it was considered eradicated in our country, all the new cases being declared as imported, the present migratory and tourism factors obviously having increased the incidence. we analyzed 49 cases of imported malaria diagnosed at "hospital de mar" in barcelona between 1976 and 1987. 14 patients were emigrants from endemic areas. africa as the continent (73.4%), and equatorial guinea as the country (44.8%) being the geographical ... | 1989 | 2491046 |
| construction and screening of plasmodium falciparum cdna library. | the hainan isolate of plasmodium falciparum fcc1/hn was cultured in vitro in large quantities. the total parasite mrna was purified and reverse transcribed into cdna. the cdna fragments were inserted into lambda gt11 to construct a p. falciparum fcc1/hn erythrocytic stage cdna library. inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) m26-32, f6-c2, and f6-d3 were used to screen the cdna library expressed in e. coli. a total of 27 positive clones were found to react with m26-32 alone and 34 clones with b ... | 1989 | 2491316 |
| calcium/calmodulin functions in p. falciparum in vitro--implications for antiprotozoal drug design. | | 1989 | 2491694 |
| homology of the 70-kilodalton antigens from mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 71-kilodalton antigen and with the conserved heat shock protein 70 of eucaryotes. | two lambda gt11 recombinant clones, jkl2 and jkl15, each containing an insert coding for part of the highly immunogenic 70-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen, were isolated from a mycobacterium leprae genomic library by immunoscreening with the monoclonal antibody l7. clone jkl2 contained the largest insert, 2.3 kilobase pairs. nonoverlapping fragments of this insert were used as probes and showed strong hybridization to a number of mycobacterium tuberculosis-lambda gt11 recombinants producing pro ... | 1989 | 2491836 |
| molecular cloning, genomic structure and localization in a blood stage antigen of plasmodium falciparum characterized by a serine stretch. | two short dna segments were isolated by screening of a lambda gt11 library from plasmodium falciparum schizont cdna with an antiserum against the 140 kda protein, which confers protective immunity to monkeys. the segments were used to identify a genomic fragment which carries the entire coding sequence for a protein of 113 kda characterized by a stretch of serine residues (serp i). we present the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence as well as the structure of the serp i gene. the ... | 1989 | 2492080 |
| suppression of cell-mediated immune responses to malaria antigens in pregnant gambian women. | in malaria endemic areas, pregnancy predisposes previously immune women to clinical and subclinical malaria infection. while parameters of humoral immunity do not seem to be affected by pregnancy, suppression of cellular immunity has been demonstrated for a number of antigens. in this study of women from a rural area of the gambia where falciparum malaria is holoendemic, we show that lymphoproliferative responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens are depressed in pregnant women compared to parit ... | 1989 | 2493200 |
| malaria in travelers returning from kenya: failure of self-treatment with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. | | 1989 | 2497333 |
| [chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria confirmed by semi-micro sensitivity test for chloroquine seen in a person returned from nigeria to japan]. | a 39-year-old japanese male engineer who stayed in nigeria from august 17, 1987 through january 22, 1988, presented chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. he was taking oral chloroquine prophylactically. but he suffered from p. falciparum malaria in november, 1987 and early january, 1988. he was treated in nigeria. after his return to japan, he was admitted to our hospital with a fever of 39 degrees c on january 29, 1988. the peripheral blood smear on admission showed the presence ... | 1989 | 2501425 |
| soluble cd8 antigen in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | | 1989 | 2503567 |
| continuous culture of plasmodium falciparum asexual stages in "normal" air atmosphere. | the growth of six strains of plasmodium falciparum in 5% co2, 5% o2, 90% n2 and normal air atmosphere was determined daily by microscopical examination of blood films. all strains were able to grow in flasks without additional gas mixture but significantly lower parasitaemia was observed within the first five days of cultivation. attempt at cultivating in petri dishes without candle jar technique failed but parasites survived in plasticine sealed dishes. the cultivation in air cannot be recommen ... | 1989 | 2504654 |
| antimalarial activity of selected aromatic chelators v. localization of 59fe in plasmodium falciparum in the presence of oxines. | | 1989 | 2506579 |
| sero-epidemiological studies of malaria in indian tribes and monkeys of the amazon basin of brazil. | a sero-epidemiological study of malaria, with special emphasis on plasmodium brasilianum/p. malariae, was conducted on 4 indian tribes living in the amazon basin of northern brazil: the arara, the parakana, the asurini, and the metuktire. the incidence of malaria, as determined by blood films, was very low in all tribes. parasitemia levels in most individuals were less than 0.02%; determination of the plasmodial species was not feasible. high levels of antibodies to both blood stages and sporozo ... | 1989 | 2508499 |
| effect of rate of infusion of quinine on insulin and glucose responses in malawian children with falciparum malaria. | | 1989 | 2508820 |
| specificities of antibodies that inhibit merozoite dispersal from malaria-infected erythrocytes. | when malaria schizont-infected erythrocytes are cultured with immune serum, antibodies prevent dispersal of merozoites, resulting in the formation of immune clusters of merozoites (icm) and inhibition of parasite growth. antigens recognized by these antibodies were identified by probing two dimensional immunoblots of plasmodium falciparum antigens with antibodies dissociated from immune complexes present at the surface of merozoites in icm. total immune serum recognized 88 of the 135 protein spo ... | 1989 | 2509909 |
| conjugate vaccines against pseudomonas aeruginosa and malaria. | | 1989 | 2510972 |
| transcription of telomere repeats in protozoa. | the telomerically located variant cell surface glycoprotein (vsg) gene expression sites of the protozoan parasite trypanosoma brucei are transcribed by an unusual alpha-amanitin resistant rna polymerase. we show that the telomere gggtta repeats located at the chromosome ends of t. brucei and the related protozoan t. equiperdum are also transcribed by alpha-amanitin resistant rna polymerases. this transcription predominantly proceeds unidirectionally towards the end of the chromosome, in both blo ... | 1989 | 2511008 |
| conformational analysis of t immunogenic peptides by circular dichroism spectroscopy. | the structure of two t-immunogenic peptides, one from the gag p24 protein of the human immunodeficiency virus, the other from the 11.1 gene product of plasmodium falciparum, was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy in various ph and solvent conditions. although both sequences are predicted to adopt an alpha-helical conformation and one of them is a repeat of a perfect alpha-amphipathic sequence pattern, these two peptides exhibit a strong propensity to adopt an extended, turn or aperiodica ... | 1989 | 2511030 |
| malaria: a door ajar. | | 1989 | 2512309 |
| antibody-dependent red cell removal during p. falciparum malaria: the clearance of red cells sensitized with an igg anti-d. | the clearance of autologous red cells sensitized with an igg anti-d has been studied in patients during and after an attack of p. falciparum malaria, and in 11 uninfected control subjects. in most patients with p. falciparum malaria there was evidence of increased clearance of sensitized red cells, compared to controls. clearance half-times of igg sensitized red cells were significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) in 16 patients with acute falciparum malaria (median 21 min, range 11-53 min) com ... | 1989 | 2513869 |
| growing problem of malaria. | | 1989 | 2513942 |
| malaria prophylaxis during military operations in thailand. | thai soldiers deployed along the thai-kampuchean border experience high attack rates of drug-resistant falciparum malaria. adequate drug prophylaxis has proven difficult with the failure of chloroquine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine/dapsone. under some circumstances, mefloquine, doxycycline, and proguanil/sulfamethoxazole can successfully prevent falciparum malaria in thailand. decisions regarding chemoprophylaxis drugs in thailand depend on a complex interaction of effectiveness, ... | 1989 | 2515474 |
| killing of plasmodium falciparum by human monocyte-derived macrophages. | freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes inhibited the growth of blood-stage asexual plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro. the monocytes contained intracellular parasite pigment and a few whole parasites, but the remaining parasites reinvaded fresh red cells successfully and were morphologically normal. anti-parasitic activity of these macrophages was not significantly enhanced by treatment with recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha, recombinant gamma-interferon or lymphoblastoid ... | 1989 | 2515516 |
| cellular immune responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in children receiving long term anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis. | fifty-two gambian children who had received fortnightly chemoprophylaxis with maloprim, (pyrimethamine and dapsone), and 45 receiving placebo, were studied. cellular immune responses to malaria antigens, measured by lymphoproliferative responses and interferon production, were higher in children who had received prophylaxis than in controls, although the anti-malarial antibody levels were lower. during a one-year period after termination of prophylaxis, there was no increase in the frequency of ... | 1989 | 2515634 |
| selection of anopheles stephensi for refractoriness and susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum. | variation in susceptibility of the vector anopheles stephensi liston to the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (welch) was demonstrated using twelve strains of mosquitoes and one strain of parasites cultured in vitro. the beech strain of an. stephensi exhibited greatest natural refractoriness, but with high intrapopulation variability. by selection for the required characteristic, two refractory lines of the punjab strain and one highly susceptible line of the sind strain were obtained ... | 1989 | 2519646 |
| role of the proline residues on the immunogenic properties of a p. falciparum circumsporozoite peptide linked to a carrier protein. | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of p. falciparum contains an immunodominant epitope, nadp, that is repeated 37 times in the native molecule. the presence of proline in the coat proteins of the plasmodium parasite at various developmental stages and strains is a frequent occurrence. in this study we evaluate the influence of substitution of proline residues by glycine on the immunogenic behavior of two tandemly repeated peptides linked via glutaraldehyde to a protein carrier: the (nanp)4 p. fal ... | 1989 | 2520748 |
| a novel design of peptide immunogens: synthetic peptide with a reversible handle for the attachment to protein carriers. | a novel design of peptide antigen suitable for the preparation of peptide-based antibody is described. the peptide is synthesized in a special benzhydrylamine (p-acyloxybenzhydrylamine) resin that contains two detachable sites, both of which are stable to the mild sn2 deprotection of the side chains that allows the deprotected peptide to remain attached to the resin support. release of the peptide is achieved by methylaminolysis in a volatile solvent that produces a deprotected peptide with a de ... | 1989 | 2520750 |
| high titer response against a malarial antigen depends on the flanking sequence of the immunizing peptide conjugate. | the immunogenicity of peptides conjugates containing the epitope stns, recognized by inhibitory monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen msa2, was investigated. the sequence of the flanking regions was critical in determining the response against the central epitope. in the best immunogen tested, this flanking sequence was not related to the sequence of the surface antigen itself but nevertheless gave rise to a strong anti-msa2 protein response a ... | 1989 | 2520766 |
| cd8+ t cells inhibit plasmodium falciparum-induced lymphoproliferation and gamma interferon production in cell preparations from some malaria-immune individuals. | infection with plasmodium falciparum induces marked disturbances in normal immunoregulatory functions. antigen-specific immunosuppression is a feature of acute malaria and has been linked to activation of cd8+ t suppressor cells. among immune adults, cell-mediated immune responses to malaria antigens are extremely variable when measured in vitro, and there is no obvious relation between responsiveness and resistance to clinical disease. in this study, when cd8+ cells were removed from peripheral ... | 1989 | 2522421 |
| [a severe and atypical form of plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with intravenous quinine and exsanguinotransfusion]. | | 1989 | 2523048 |
| the immunologic significance of variation within malaria circumsporozoite protein sequences. | we have previously suggested that variation within the circumsporozoite protein of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum was the result of selection by immune t cells. our hypothesis has been supported by experiments documenting a lack of cross-reactivity between variant peptides from the c-terminal region for murine t cells primed by 7g8-specific sequences. now, by using a murine model we have found that peptides representing variant regions (amino acid residues 326-343 and 361-380) of two ... | 1989 | 2523929 |
| [transient disorders of memory after a malaria attack. caused by mefloquine?]. | | 1989 | 2524056 |
| [hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly in an european returning from central africa]. | | 1989 | 2524785 |
| phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane and cytoskeleton proteins in cells infected with plasmodium falciparum. | phosphorylation changes in the erythrocyte membrane and cytoskeletal proteins as a consequence of infection by the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum were examined. spectrin, band 3, band 4.1, ankyrin and glycophorin are phosphorylated in normal erythrocytes. as a consequence of invasion by the merozoite, the extracellular stage of the parasite, into 32p-prelabeled normal erythrocytes, all the major 32p-labeled erythrocyte proteins are dephosphorylated. as the parasite develops intracellula ... | 1989 | 2525229 |
| [failure of antimalarial prophylaxis by chloroquine in niger]. | | 1989 | 2525712 |
| [severe chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria acquired in senegal]. | | 1989 | 2525768 |
| plasmodium falciparum schizont sonic extracts suppress lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and antigens in malaria-immune adults. | cellular immune responses to malaria antigens are suppressed during acute plasmodium falciparum infection, and evidence from both murine and human studies suggests that parasite-derived factors may be directly immunosuppressive. in this study we have shown that p. falciparum schizont sonic extract will suppress in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to purified malaria antigens and other soluble antigens. the degree of suppression appears to correlate with the level of the lymphoproliferative re ... | 1989 | 2528508 |
| [acute respiratory distress syndrome with fatal outcome after exsanguinotransfusion in pernicious malaria attack]. | | 1989 | 2529517 |
| [peroxidative antimalaria mechanism of sodium artesunate]. | peroxidative antimalaria action of sodium artesunate was studied in vitro. under alkaline conditions, sodium artesunate could produce active oxygen species, including the superoxide anion (o2-) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), but no o2- or h2o2 was produced by the drug at ph 7.4. however, sodium artesunate could increase the concentration of o2- and h2o2 in erythrocytes by increasing membrane lipid peroxidation, with this action being more marked in infected than in normal erythrocytes. | 1989 | 2529985 |
| [surveillance of imported falciparum malaria in yongkang county, zhejiang province]. | from august 1985 to february 1987, 43 cases with falciparum malaria were noted in yongkang county of zheijiang province, an area breed from the disease. these patients had been to the border area between yunnan province and burma, approximately making up 5-7% of the returned population from the endemic area. most of cases were found during the periods of january to march and june to august when they came home. no introduced case was reported due to prompt case diagnosis and treatment as well as ... | 1989 | 2530001 |
| red cell membrane protein distribution during malarial invasion. | immuno-gold labelling electron microscopy of thin sections was used to determine the distribution of red cell membrane and membrane skeleton proteins in the vicinity of internalized malaria parasites. when examined immediately after invasion (young ring-stage parasites), the parasitophorous vacuole membranes of both plasmodium falciparum and p. knowlesi were found to be characterized by the essentially complete absence of spectrin, ankyrin and the most abundant transmembrane protein, band 3. p. ... | 1989 | 2532219 |
| [ultrasonographic changes in the gallbladder wall in non-gallbladder diseases]. | alterations of the gallbladder wall is a well known sonographic sign of acute cholecystitis. but thickening of the gallbladder wall is also found in patients without intrinsic gallbladder disease. we present our experience on this regard in patients with cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, halothane hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure, malaria due to plasmodium falciparum, heart failure, severe malnutrition due to gastric obstruction, septicemia, pyogenic hepatic abscess ... | 1989 | 2535557 |
| metabolic interconnection between the human malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum and its host erythrocyte. regulation of atp levels by means of an adenylate translocator and adenylate kinase. | the metabolic inter-relationships between malarial parasites and their host erythrocytes are poorly understood. they have been investigated hitherto mostly by observing parasite behavior in erythrocyte variants, in metabolically altered erythrocytes, or in cell-free in vitro systems. we have studied the interconnection between the bioenergetic metabolism of host and parasite through compartment analysis of atp in plasmodium falciparum-infected human red blood cells, using sendai virus-induced ho ... | 1989 | 2536737 |
| erythrocyte invasion by two plasmodium falciparum isolates differing in sialic acid dependency in the presence of glycophorin a antibodies. | merozoites of plasmodium falciparum depend on glycophorins for invasion into human erythrocytes, although this dependency varies between different geographic isolates of the species. the fcr-3 (gambia) isolate appears to be fully dependent on the n-acetylneuraminic acid (neunac) residues of the o-linked tetrasaccharide of glycophorin for invasion. invasion of the cdc-1 (honduras) isolate into neuraminidase treated erythrocytes is 50% of that into normal erythrocytes. this and additional results ... | 1989 | 2539023 |
| blood monocyte oxidative burst activity in acute p. falciparum malaria. | the release of superoxide anion from blood monocytes was studied in eight patients with acute primary attack p. falciparum malaria. before treatment a significant enhancement of the oxidative burst prevailed, which contrasts with previous findings of a depressed monocyte chemotactic responsiveness. during treatment and after clinical recovery the activity of superoxide anion release normalized in all patients. | 1989 | 2543429 |
| conversion of 5-s-ethyl-5-thio-d-ribose to ethionine in klebsiella pneumoniae. basis for the selective toxicity of 5-s-ethyl-5-thio-d-ribose. | 5-s-ethyl-5-thio-d-ribose (ethylthioribose) exhibits antiprotozoal activity against plasmodium falciparum, giardia lamblia, and ochromonas malhamensis, but is nontoxic to cultured human and murine bone marrow cells (riscoe, m. k., ferro, a. j., and fitchen, j. h. (1988) antimicrob. agents chemother. 32, 1904-1906). we propose the following mechanism to account for the observed selective toxicity of ethylthioribose. 1) the cytocidal action of ethylthioribose against protozoa is a result of its co ... | 1989 | 2543672 |
| comparison of the partitioning in vitro of chloroquine and its desethyl metabolites between the erythrocytes and plasma of healthy subjects and those with falciparum malaria. | the partitioning of chloroquine and its two desethyl metabolites between red blood cells (rbcs) and plasma was studied in vitro, using blood from healthy adults and from children with plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. blood from the volunteers was incubated with varying concentrations of chloroquine (cq), desethylchloroquine (dcq) and bisdesethyl-chloroquine (bdcq) for 15 min and the rbc/plasma concentration ratio determined. desethylchloroquine and bdcq were concentrated in the red cells of u ... | 1989 | 2547293 |
| immunity in malaria: ii. heterophile and malarial antibodies in acute plasmodium falciparum infection. | the sera of 55 nigerian children (30 malarious and 25 healthy) were analysed for heterophile antibodies against normal sheep erythrocytes by the passive haemagglutination technique. fluorescent antibodies to plasmodium falciparum were quantified by the indirect immunofluorescence method while the three major immunoglobulins (igg, iga and igm) were estimated by the radial immunodiffusion technique. an increasing age gradient was demonstrated in the heterophile antibody titres within the malarious ... | 1989 | 2551166 |
| thermal properties of red blood cells infected by malaria parasites. | three membrane thermotropic transitions at 8, 20, and 40 degrees c have been detected in human red blood cells (rbc) by using spin-labeled stearic acids. red blood cells infected in vitro by plasmodium falciparum showed the disappearance of the 8 degrees c transition and a lowering of the 40 degrees c transition to 32 degrees c. the disappearance of the 8 degrees c transition was observed in synchronized cultures of p. falciparum trophozoites as well as in mouse rbc infected in vivo by an asynch ... | 1989 | 2551720 |
| formulation of malaria treatment policy for children in côte d'ivoire as chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum spreads into west africa. | to develop a malaria treatment policy for children with plasmodium falciparum, an in vivo and in vitro chloroquine (cq) sensitivity study was conducted in côte d'ivoire in september 1986. the efficacy of a single dose of cq (10 mg base kg-1, c10) was tested with assessment of subjects on days 2 and 7 after treatment; 108 (99%) of 109 children were aparasitaemic on day 7. of 33 isolates of p. falciparum tested in vitro, two (6%) were resistant to cq. although c10 appeared effective clinically and ... | 1989 | 2557800 |
| unusual transmission of falciparum malaria in italy. | | 1989 | 2564085 |
| cdna sequence predicting an octapeptide-repeat antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2564637 |
| successful treatment of falciparum malaria in pregnancy with mefloquine. | | 1989 | 2565466 |
| rapid test for malaria. | | 1989 | 2565483 |
| cytoadherence of knobless plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and its inhibition by a human monoclonal antibody. | red blood cells infected with mature stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum bind to the endothelial lining of capillaries and venules. this sequestration is important for the survival of the parasite but may have severe consequences for the host. for example, it is involved in the causation of cerebral malaria which carries 25% mortality. knob-like protrusions present on the surface of infected erythrocytes have been considered necessary but not sufficient for this cytoadherence. h ... | 1989 | 2566118 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in eastern sudan. | in vivo testing of the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was carried out in 61 falciparum malaria patients with acute symptoms, in eastern sudan. in 26 patients (42%), p. falciparum was resistant to chloroquine. nine patients (15%) had ri resistance, seven (11%) had rii resistance while ten (16%) had riii resistance. the persistance of parasitaemia and symptoms were highly correlated in patients with riii responses. in 21 patients in vitro testing of chloroquine sensitivity was ... | 1989 | 2566268 |
| seasonal population changes and malaria transmission potential of anopheles pharoensis and the minor anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya. | a study in 1984 and 1985 showed that anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. pharoensis were the major anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya, constituting 83.86% and 15.69% of the catch respectively. four minor species made up the remaining 0.45%. the irrigation phase of the rice cultivation cycle in august, which linked the flooding effects of the two rainy seasons, resulted in major population increases of an. pharoensis and enabled continuous breeding for up to 9 months per year. the average of ... | 1989 | 2566271 |
| the m13 repeat probe detects rflps between two strains of the protozoan malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2566975 |
| antihistaminic drugs that reverse chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum. | | 1989 | 2569137 |
| transport proteins. export-import family expands. | | 1989 | 2569165 |
| the conformational restriction of synthetic peptides, including a malaria peptide, for use as immunogens. | a new strategy is advanced for the conformational restriction of peptidyl immunogens. our approach is to replace putative amide-amide hydrogen bonds with covalent hydrogen-bond mimics. because on average every other amino acid in a protein engages in this bond, the syntheses of diversely shaped peptides can be contemplated. synthetic methods for introducing a potential hydrogen-bond mimic into a peptide with alpha-helical potential is reported and the structural consequences are discussed. the r ... | 1989 | 2569211 |
| halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. | | 1989 | 2570238 |
| interpretation of blood films in diagnosis of malaria. | | 1989 | 2570307 |