| [catheterization and fungal infection risk in the university hospital of tlemcen: epidemiology and susceptibility to antifungals]. | fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and are frequently associated with the implantation of vascular catheters, especially in immune-compromised patients. unfortunately, the therapeutic arsenal available for the treatment of these infections, caused generally by the yeasts of the genus candida is still limited because of the toxicity and/or of the emergence of resistance against some antifungal agents. that is why we have undertaken this study, which is to determine th ... | 2014 | 25442921 |
| in vitro susceptibility profile of 200 recent clinical isolates of candida spp. to topical antifungal treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis, the imidazoles and nystatin agents. | topical antifungal treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis is widely recommended. the most commonly recommended topical antifungals (the imidazoles clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole and the polyene nystatin) have been on the market for more than 30 years. there are only a few recent data available on the susceptibility of different candida species to these antifungals, especially of non-albicans candida species which appear to be less responsive to treatment with imidazoles. the study aimed t ... | 2014 | 25442913 |
| [trend of susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of candida species from aseptic samples in hospitals in saitama prefecture]. | we investigated the susceptibility of candida species from clinical aseptic samples, including blood, at some hospitals in saitama prefecture. candida spp. detected from aseptic samples in the 6 institutes in saitama prefecture from november 2007 to july 2011 were studied. the number of isolates was 85, which are 43 (50.6%) of candida albicans, 24 (28.2%) of candida parapsilosis, 5 (5.9%) of candida glabrata, 5 (5.9%) of candida tropicalis, 4 (4.7%) of candida guilliermondii, 2 (2.4%) of candida ... | 2014 | 25420317 |
| management of persistent vaginitis. | with vaginitis remaining a common condition that leads women to seek care, it is not surprising that some women develop chronic vulvovaginal problems that are difficult to diagnose and treat. with a differential diagnosis that encompasses vulvar disorders and infectious and noninfectious causes of vaginitis, accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of choosing effective therapy. evaluation should include a symptom-specific history, careful vulvar and vaginal examination, and office-based tests (vag ... | 2014 | 25415165 |
| in vivo candida glabrata biofilm development on foreign bodies in a rat subcutaneous model. | biofilm studies have been mostly dedicated to the major human fungal pathogen candida albicans, whereas much less is known about this virulence factor in candida glabrata, certainly under in vivo conditions. this study provides a deeper understanding of the biofilm development of c. glabrata, its architecture and susceptibility profile to fluconazole and echinocandins. | 2015 | 25406296 |
| use of candida-specific chicken egg yolk antibodies to inhibit the adhering of candida to denture base materials: prevention of denture stomatitis. | polyclonal anti-candida chicken egg yolk antibodies (anti-igy) were used to investigate the prevention of adherence of candida species to denture base material in vitro. | 2016 | 25393605 |
| inhibitory activity in vitro of probiotic lactobacilli against oral candida under different fermentation conditions. | clinical studies have shown that probiotics positively affect oral health by decreasing gum bleeding and/or reducing salivary counts of certain oral pathogens. our aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of six probiotic lactobacilli against opportunistic oral candida species. sugar utilisation by both lactobacilli and candida was also assessed. agar overlay assay was utilised to study growth inhibition of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida krusei by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, ... | 2015 | 25380800 |
| fluconazole resistance patterns in candida species that colonize women with hiv infection. | the women's interagency hiv study was established in 1993 to study the natural history of hiv disease among women in the united states. it currently has enrolled 2,895 women testing positive for hiv infection and 972 women without hiv infection recruited from 6 national metropolitan locations. the clinical database information collected for each hiv-positive individual included cd4 cell counts, viral load, and antiviral treatment to evaluate hiv prognosis and related conditions in women. | 2014 | 25352939 |
| simultaneous detection of four common oral candida species from blood samples by the fluorescence polarization assay. | the genus candida is both the commensal microbe and the opportunistic pathogen, containing approximately 200 species inhabiting in oral cavity of 53 % of the general population. candida species can cause the diseases from local mucosal infections to systemic mycoses, even life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. the timely differentiation of candida species is important for the guidance of clinical medication. four common candida species in chinese population (candida albica ... | 2015 | 25308858 |
| oral administration of the broad-spectrum antibiofilm compound toremifene inhibits candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in vivo. | we here report on the in vitro activity of toremifene to inhibit biofilm formation of different fungal and bacterial pathogens, including candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida dubliniensis, candida krusei, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. we validated the in vivo efficacy of orally administered toremifene against c. albicans and s. aureus biofilm formation in a rat subcutaneous catheter model. combined, our results demonstrate the potential of ... | 2014 | 25288093 |
| prevalence and risk factors of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children in turkey. | to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children in turkey. | 2014 | 25272535 |
| echinocandin resistance, susceptibility testing and prophylaxis: implications for patient management. | this article addresses the emergence of echinocandin resistance among candida species, mechanisms of resistance, factors that promote resistance and confounding issues surrounding standard susceptibility testing. fungal infections remain a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with underlying immunosupression. antifungal therapy is a critical component of patient management for acute and chronic diseases. yet, therapeutic choices are limited due to only a ... | 2014 | 25255923 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of an experimental dentifrice based on ricinus communis. | this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a ricinus communis-based experimental dentifrice for denture hygiene against the following standard strains: staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, streptococcus mutans, enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans and candida glabrata. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) assay was performed with r. communis in pure oil at 2.5%. only e. coli was not inhibited by r. communis, but the mic (0.0781%) was effective against the other microorganism ... | 2014 | 25252252 |
| β-glucan induces reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils to improve the killing of candida albicans and candida glabrata isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is among the most prevalent vaginal diseases. candida albicans is still the most prevalent species associated with this pathology, however, the prevalence of other candida species, such as c. glabrata, is increasing. the pathogenesis of these infections has been intensely studied, nevertheless, no consensus has been reached on the pathogenicity of vvc. in addition, inappropriate treatment or the presence of resistant strains can lead to rvvc (vulvovaginal candidias ... | 2014 | 25229476 |
| in vitro and in vivo removal of oral candida from the denture base. | to clarify the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning for removing candida lodged in the denture base. | 2016 | 25220495 |
| oral candida carriage and prevalence of candida species among maras powder users and non-users. | the aim of this study was to investigate candida carriage and species in maras powder users and non-users. | 2015 | 25213478 |
| eukaryote culturomics of the gut reveals new species. | the repertoire of microeukaryotes in the human gut has been poorly explored, mainly in individuals living in northern hemisphere countries. we further explored this repertoire using pcr-sequencing and culture in seven individuals living in four tropical countries. a total of 41 microeukaryotes including 38 different fungal species and three protists were detected. four fungal species, davidiella tassiana, davidiella sp., corticiaceae sp., and penicillium sp., were uniquely detected by culture; 2 ... | 2014 | 25210972 |
| identification of genomic binding sites for candida glabrata pdr1 transcription factor in wild-type and ρ0 cells. | the fungal pathogen candida glabrata is an emerging cause of candidiasis in part owing to its robust ability to acquire tolerance to the major clinical antifungal drug fluconazole. similar to the related species candida albicans, c. glabrata most typically gains azole tolerance via transcriptional induction of a suite of resistance genes, including a locus encoding an abcg-type atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter that is referred to as cdr1 in candida species. in c. glabrata, cdr1 expression ... | 2014 | 25199772 |
| the candida pathogenic species complex. | candida species are the most common causes of fungal infection. approximately 90% of infections are caused by five species: candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, and candida krusei. three (c. albicans, c. tropicalis, and c. parapsilosis) belong to the ctg clade, in which the ctg codon is translated as serine and not leucine. c. albicans remains the most commonly isolated but is decreasing relative to the other species. the increasing incidence of c. glabra ... | 2014 | 25183855 |
| digestive fungal flora in asymptomatic subjects in bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso. | to identify candida species in asymptomatic subjects in bobo-dioulasso (burkina faso) by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | 2014 | 25183337 |
| host factors and clinical outcomes of candida colonization in critically ill patients. | this study aimed to describe factors and outcomes associated with candida colonization of critically ill patients. this was a cross-sectional study conducted over 2 weeks in the intensive care unit (icu) of a tertiary care hospital at the texas medical center, houston, tx. all candida samples were prospectively collected with demographic and clinical data collected retrospectively. we examined 48 patients, 32 (67%) were colonized with candida spp; 25 (52.1%) patients were isolated with candida a ... | 2015 | 25173925 |
| susceptibility of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms to silver nanoparticles in intermediate and mature development phases. | the aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilm development, in their intermediate and maturation stages, to the influence of silver nanoparticles (sn). | 2015 | 25168655 |
| the production of reactive oxygen species is a universal action mechanism of amphotericin b against pathogenic yeasts and contributes to the fungicidal effect of this drug. | amphotericin b (amb) is an antifungal drug that binds to ergosterol and forms pores at the cell membrane, causing the loss of ions. in addition, amb induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), and although these molecules have multiple deleterious effects on fungal cells, their specific role in the action mechanism of amb remains unknown. in this work, we studied the role of ros in the action mechanism of amb. we determined the intracellular induction of ros in 44 isolates of diff ... | 2014 | 25155595 |
| ten-year review of invasive candida infections in a tertiary care center in saudi arabia. | to review the epidemiology of invasive candida infections in a single center in saudi arabia over a subsequent 10-year period. | 2014 | 25129180 |
| trends in antifungal susceptibility of candida species--one year observation. | in the past years opportunistic fungal infections have seriously increased, mainly in immunocompromised patients. the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of yeast-like fungi in invasive candidiasis and to estimate its susceptibility to chosen antifungal agents. one hundred and sixty strains of yeast-like fungi were cultured from various clinical material: samples from lower respiratory tract, blood, the peritoneal cavity and others. the susceptibility tests were established accordin ... | 2014 | 25115116 |
| nosocomial bloodstream candida infections in a tertiary-care hospital in south brazil: a 4-year survey. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the epidemiology of nosocomial candidemia in a tertiary hospital in south brazil and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of isolates. blood strains from 108 patients were identified by pcr-based method. some 30.5 % of candidemia were caused by candida tropicalis, 28.7 % were due to candida albicans, 24.1 % with candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, 8.3 % with candida glabrata sensu lato, 1.8 % involved candida krusei and 6.6 % with other species. candidem ... | 2014 | 25103140 |
| molecular epidemiology of candida albicans and candida glabrata strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in poland. | over the last decades, candida spp have been responsible for an increasing number of infections, especially in patients requiring intensive care. knowledge of local epidemiology and analysis of the spread of these pathogens is important in understanding and controlling their transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 31 candida albicans and 17 candida glabrata isolates recovered from intensive care unit patients from the tertiary hospital in krakow between 2011- ... | 2014 | 25075783 |
| synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin and fluconazole. | the incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in recent years. the present study mainly investigated glabridin (gla) alone and especially in combination with fluconazole (flc) against cryptococcus neoformans and candida species (candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis and candida glabratas) by different methods. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) indicated that gla possessed a broad-spectrum ant ... | 2014 | 25058485 |
| bpeaks: a bioinformatics tool to detect transcription factor binding sites from chipseq data in yeasts and other organisms with small genomes. | peak calling is a critical step in chipseq data analysis. choosing the correct algorithm as well as optimized parameters for a specific biological system is an essential task. in this article, we present an original peak-calling method (bpeaks) specifically designed to detect transcription factor (tf) binding sites in small eukaryotic genomes, such as in yeasts. as tf interactions with dna are strong and generate high binding signals, bpeaks uses simple parameters to compare the sequences (reads ... | 2014 | 25041923 |
| distribution of candida species isolated from blood cultures in hospitals in osaka, japan. | candida species are clinically important causes of bloodstream infections because their mortality is very high. given that some species of candida are azole-resistant, identifying the distributions of candida species could facilitate the formulation of an appropriate empirical antifungal therapy. it has been shown that the distribution varies depending on the continent, country, city, and hospital. in this paper, we describe the distributions of species in hospitals in northern osaka, japan. | 2014 | 25009091 |
| differential response of candida albicans and candida glabrata to oxidative and nitrosative stresses. | invasive candidiasis is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. candida albicans is the main pathological agent followed by candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, and candida tropicalis. these pathogens colonize different host tissues in humans as they are able to neutralize the reactive species generated from nitrogen and oxygen during the respiratory burst. among the enzymatic mechanisms that candida species have developed to protect agai ... | 2014 | 25002360 |
| development of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays to detect medically important yeasts in dairy products. | rapid detection of yeast contamination is important in the food industry. we have developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays to detect the emerging opportunistic pathogenic yeasts: candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, the candida parapsilosis group, trichosporon asahii, and trichosporon mucoides. these yeasts may cause deep-seated candidiasis or trichosporonosis. four lamp primer sets specific for candida were designed to target the internal transcribed spa ... | 2014 | 24965944 |
| silver colloidal nanoparticle stability: influence on candida biofilms formed on denture acrylic. | our aim in this study was to evaluate how the chemical stability of silver nanoparticles (sns) influences their efficacy against candida albicans and c. glabrata biofilms. several parameters of sn stability were tested, namely, temperature (50ºc, 70ºc, and 100ºc), ph (5.0 and 9.0), and time of contact (5 h and 24 h) with biofilms. the control was defined as sns without temperature treatment, ph 7, and 24 h of contact. these colloidal suspensions at 54 mg/l were used to treat mature candida biofi ... | 2014 | 24951722 |
| yeast diversity associated to sediments and water from two colombian artificial lakes. | in colombia, knowledge of the yeast and yeast-like fungi community is limited because most studies have focused on species with clinical importance. sediments and water represent important habitats for the study of yeast diversity, especially for yeast species with industrial, biotechnological, and bioremediation potential. the main purpose of this study was to identify and compare the diversity of yeast species associated with sediment and water samples from two artificial lakes in universidad ... | 2014 | 24948924 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) on pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans (ca), candida tropicalis (ct), candida glabrata (cg), candida parapsilosis (cp) and candida krusei (ck), in vitro and in vivo. in total, 24 pa strains were collected from clinical specimens and identified by gram staining, oxidase production and the api 20ne system. cross-streak, disk diffusion and co-culture methods were used to observe the inhibit ... | 2014 | 24926335 |
| candida albicans promotes invasion and colonisation of candida glabrata in a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. | the principal aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro co-infection of a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (rhve) by candida albicans and candida glabrata. | 2014 | 24924556 |
| systemic candidiasis in extremely low birthweight (elbw) neonates despite the routine use of topical miconazole prophylaxis: trends, risk factors and outcomes over an 11-year period. | this study aims to determine the incidence, trends of systemic candidiasis and meningitis in extremely low birthweight (elbw) neonates (<1000 gms) despite the routine use of topical miconazole prophylaxis and to compare the risk factors, adverse outcomes and comorbidities with controls. | 2014 | 24919490 |
| nosocomial candiduria in chronic liver disease patients at a hepatobilliary center. | nosocomial urinary tract infections (utis) are common in catheterized patients. fungal uti has become an important nosocomial problem over the past decade. the microbiology of candiduria is rapidly evolving and new trends are being reported. | 2014 | 24872653 |
| upc2a is required for high-level azole antifungal resistance in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata, the second most common cause of candida infections, is associated with high rates of mortality and often exhibits resistance to the azole class of antifungal agents. upc2 and ecm22 in saccharomyces cerevisiae and upc2 in candida albicans are the transcriptional regulators of erg11, the gene encoding the target of azoles in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. recently two homologs for these transcription factors, upc2a and upc2b, were identified in c. glabrata. one of these, up ... | 2014 | 24867980 |
| antifungal resistance to fluconazole and echinocandins is not emerging in yeast isolates causing fungemia in a spanish tertiary care center. | accurate knowledge of fungemia epidemiology requires identification of strains to the molecular level. various studies have shown that the rate of resistance to fluconazole ranges from 2.5% to 9% in candida spp. isolated from blood samples. however, trends in antifungal resistance have received little attention and have been studied only using clsi m27-a3 methodology. we assessed the fungemia epidemiology in a large tertiary care institution in madrid, spain, by identifying isolates to the molec ... | 2014 | 24867979 |
| candida glabrata: a deadly companion? | the yeast candida glabrata has become a major fungal opportunistic pathogen of humans since the 1980s. contrary to what its name suggests, it is much closer, phylogenetically, to the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae than to the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, candida albicans. its similarity to s. cerevisiae fortunately extends to their amenability to molecular genetics methods. c. glabrata is now described as part of the nakaseomyces clade, which includes two new pathogens and other e ... | 2014 | 24861573 |
| [study on candida infections in intensive care unit from 2008 to 2012]. | to investigate and analyze the candida infection situation at the intensive care unit (icu) in tianjin fourth central hospital from 2008 to 2012. | 2014 | 24831637 |
| periocular and anterior orbital necrosis after upper eyelid gold weight loading: operation-related or self-inflicted? | a 44-year-old woman, who had undergone gold-weight implantation due to facial palsy and lagophthalmos, arrived at the ophthalmology ward with eyelid swelling and erythema, which rapidly deteriorated under intravenous antibiotics to a necrotic process involving the periocular tissues, the eye, and the anterior orbit. despite prompt removal of the gold weight, the patient's ocular and systemic condition continued to deteriorate, necessitating evisceration and debridement of necrotic tissue. cultur ... | 2014 | 24812491 |
| yeast oropharyngeal colonization in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in central taiwan. | a prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical center in central taiwan to understand the prevalence, associated factors, and microbiologic features for oropharyngeal yeast colonization in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients. oral yeast colonization was detected in 127 (45 %) patients, including 21 (16.5 %) colonized by more than one species. of the 154 isolates, candida albicans was the most common species (114, 74 %), followed by candida dubliniensis (10, 6.5 %), ... | 2014 | 24804977 |
| efficacy and safety of antifungal additives in optisol-gs corneal storage medium. | optisol-gs, the most common corneal storage medium in the united states, contains antibacterial but no antifungal supplementation. most postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis and keratitis cases are now of a fungal origin. | 2014 | 24789459 |
| candida arteritis occurring in a liver transplant recipient. | we report the first case, to our knowledge, of candida arteritis in a liver transplant recipient. the patient presented with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency arterial repair. as candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata were growing in the arterial tissue, the patient received antifungal therapy for 5 months, but died because of chronic graft dysfunction. no evidence of fungal infection was found in the tissue on postmortem examination. | 2014 | 24750364 |
| [place of vulvovaginal candidiasis in the lower genital tract infections and associated risk factors among women in benin]. | determine the place of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (vvc) in the lower genital infections and seek risk factors among women in benin. | 2014 | 24746421 |
| multi-drug resistant oral candida species isolated from hiv-positive patients in south africa and cameroon. | candida species are a common cause of infection in immune-compromised hiv-positive individuals, who are usually treated with the antifungal drug, fluconazole, in public hospitals in africa. however, information about the prevalence of drug resistance to fluconazole and other antifungal agents on candida species is very limited. this study examined 128 candida isolates from south africa and 126 cameroonian candida isolates for determination of species prevalence and antifungal drug susceptibility ... | 2014 | 24726686 |
| antioxidant and antifungal activities of smilax campestris griseb. (smilacaceae). | ethanol extract and fractions obtained from aerial parts of smilax campestris were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and antifungal activities. high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with dad analysis indicated that quercetin and rutin were the main phenolic compounds present in butanol fraction and ethanol extract, respectively. the antioxidant activity assessed by the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was significa ... | 2014 | 24707849 |
| enzymatic and hemolytic activity in different candida species. | candida species, in conditions of microbiota imbalance or decreased immune defenses, may be one of the main human fungal pathogens. virulence factors constitute the mechanisms used by the fungus to avoid host defenses. | 2015 | 24704439 |
| in vitro evaluation of adherence of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and streptococcus mutans to an acrylic resin modified by experimental coatings. | this study evaluated the effect of experimental coatings, containing zwitterion or hydrophilic monomers, on the adherence of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and streptococcus mutans to an acrylic resin. acrylic samples (smooth or rough surfaces) were left untreated (control) or coated with one of the following experimental coatings: 3-hydroxypropylmethacrylate (hp) or sulfobetaine methacrylate (s), at concentrations of 25, 30, or 35%. half of the specimens were coated with saliva. the adhesi ... | 2014 | 24684564 |
| antifungal susceptibility of candida isolates at one institution. | species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candida isolates at one institution were evaluated. detection rates of fungi were examined for 5 years between 2007 and 2011. sensitivities of fungi to amphotericin b, flucytosine, fluconazole, micafungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole were evaluated in blood culture-positive patients. a total of 3,832 fungal isolates were detected, including candida albicans 66.5%, candida glabrata 20.3%, candida parapsilosis 6.2%, candida tropicalis 5.5%, ... | 2014 | 24682093 |
| synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity evaluations of novel pyrazole carboxylic and dicarboxylic acid derivatives. | a series of pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized, the structures were confirmed by their nmr ((1)h and (13)c) and ft-ir spectra, and elemental analyses. the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds against five bacterial and five fungal pathogens were screened using modified agar well diffusion assay. most of the molecules have inhibitory effects on both standard and clinical candida albicans strains. however, only the molecul ... | 2014 | 24681068 |
| a novel echinocandin mig0310 with anticandida activity from newly isolated fusarium sp. strain ms-r1. | to isolate and identify an anticandida compound from newly isolated fusarium strain ms-r1 and characterization of its activity against standard and clinical strains of candida. | 2014 | 24674450 |
| species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of candida isolates from bloodstream infections in lima, peru. | yeast identification and in vitro susceptibility testing provide helpful information for appropriate administration of antifungal treatments; however, few reports from the latin american region have been published. the aim of this study was to identify the species present in isolates from bloodstream infections diagnosed in nine hospitals in lima, peru and to determine their in vitro susceptibility to four antifungal drugs. we tested and identified 153 isolates collected between october 2009 and ... | 2014 | 24667770 |
| candidemia surveillance in iowa: emergence of echinocandin resistance. | we performed prospective surveillance for candidemia at 14 iowa hospitals in 2011-2012. a total of 163 episodes were analyzed. candida albicans (n = 69 [42%]) and candida glabrata (n = 58 [36%]) were the most common species. antifungal resistance was uncommon; 9% of c. glabrata were fluconazole resistant, and 5% (3 isolates) were intermediate or resistant to 1 or more of the echinocandins. molecular analyses of the fks1 and fks2 hotspots of the c. glabrata revealed no mutations except in 2 of th ... | 2014 | 24666704 |
| in vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to staphylococcus aureus and yeast species. | we have studied the effect of inactivated microbial stimuli (candida albicans, candida glabrata, saccharomyces boulardii, and staphylococcus aureus) on the in vitro differentiation of lineage negative (lin(-)) hematopoietic progenitor mouse cells. purified lin(-) progenitors were co-cultured for 7 days with the stimuli, and cell differentiation was determined by flow cytometry analysis. all the stimuli assayed caused differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. s. boulardii and particularly c. gl ... | 2014 | 24650426 |
| determination of candida species nestled in denture fissures. | with the growing number of elderly individuals, candida is occasionally recognised as a fungal cause of aspiration pneumonia. in addition, there are numerous investigational reports on oral candidiasis. however, there are currently no reports on candida contamination of denture base materials. this study was conducted to investigate candida species in the oral cavity, denture parts and oral lesions of older/elderly subjects with oral candidiasis. the candida strains were isolated and the species ... | 2013 | 24648980 |
| dual antifungal properties of cationic antimicrobial peptides polybia-mpi: membrane integrity disruption and inhibition of biofilm formation. | with the increasing emergence of resistant fungi, the discovery and development of novel antifungal therapeutics were urgently needed. compared with conventional antibiotics, the limited propensity of amps to induce resistance in pathogens has attracted great interest. in the present study, the antifungal activity and its mechanism-of-action of polybia-mpi, a cationic peptide from the venom of social wasp polybia paulista was investigated. we demonstrated that polybia-mpi could potently inhibit ... | 2014 | 24642357 |
| studies on the possible aetiological role of different candida species in pathogenesis of dentine caries by monitoring the calcium release from tooth particles. | an in vitro model has been developed for study of cariogenic potential of different candida species. slices were prepared from the root of extracted healthy teeth. these disks were covered with inert material, only the central hole, i.e. the root canal dentin surface remained uncovered. these preparates with free root dentin surfaces were incubated in sabouraud medium in the presence of six-six candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida inconspicua and candid ... | 2014 | 24631750 |
| the development and validation of a rapid genetic method for species identification and genotyping of medically important fungal pathogens using high-resolution melting curve analysis. | accurate, rapid and economical fungal species identification has been a major aim in mycology. in this study, our goal was to examine the feasibility of a high-resolution melting curve analysis (hrma) of internal transcribed regions its1 and its2 in ribosomal dna (rdna) for a rapid, simple and inexpensive differentiation of eight clinically relevant candida species (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, candida guilliermondii, candida dubli ... | 2014 | 24628973 |
| promising results of cranberry in the prevention of oral candida biofilms. | in the context of dental caries prevention by natural foodstuff sources, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of dry commercial extracts of cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) and two other red fruits (vaccinium myrtillus l. and malpighia punicifolia l.) were assessed on candida albicans and candida glabrata yeasts. when added to the culture medium, the cranberry extract displayed a significant anti-adhesion activity against candida spp. when used at low concentrations. in addition, t ... | 2014 | 24623607 |
| antifungal activity of phenolic compounds identified in flowers from north eastern portugal against candida species. | to evaluate the antifungal effect of gallic acid, catechin, luteolin and quercetin, phenolic compounds identified from flowers of north eastern portugal, against candida planktonic and biofilm cells. | 2014 | 24571069 |
| propargyl-linked antifolates are dual inhibitors of candida albicans and candida glabrata. | species of candida, primarily c. albicans and with increasing prevalence, c. glabrata, are responsible for the majority of fungal bloodstream infections that cause morbidity, especially among immune compromised patients. while the development of new antifungal agents that target the essential enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), in both candida species would be ideal, previous attempts have resulted in antifolates that exhibit inconsistencies between enzyme inhibition and antifungal propertie ... | 2014 | 24568657 |
| impact of therapeutic strategies on the prognosis of candidemia in the icu. | to determine the epidemiology of candida bloodstream infections, variables influencing mortality, and antifungal resistance rates in icus in spain. | 2014 | 24557426 |
| genome structure and dynamics of the yeast pathogen candida glabrata. | the yeast pathogen candida glabrata is the second most frequent cause of candida infections. however, from the phylogenetic point of view, c. glabrata is much closer to saccharomyces cerevisiae than to candida albicans. apparently, this yeast has relatively recently changed its life style and become a successful opportunistic pathogen. recently, several c. glabrata sister species, among them clinical and environmental isolates, have had their genomes characterized. also, hundreds of c. glabrata ... | 2014 | 24528571 |
| candida albicans isolates from a malaysian hospital exhibit more potent phospholipase and haemolysin activities than non-albicans candida isolates. | this study was aimed at determining the phospholipase and haemolysin activity of candida isolates in malaysia. a total of 37 candida clinical isolates representing seven species, candida albicans (12), candida tropicalis (8), candida glabrata (4), candida parapsilosis (1), candida krusei (4), candida orthopsilosis (1) and candida rugosa (7) were tested. in vitro phospholipase activity was determined by using egg yolk plate assay whereas in vitro haemolysin activity was tested by using blood plat ... | 2013 | 24522136 |
| micafungin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic adequacy for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemofiltration. | to explore the pharmacokinetics (pk) and pharmacodynamics (pd) of micafungin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemofiltration (cvvh). | 2014 | 24505092 |
| formulation and in vitro evaluation of coconut oil-core cationic nanocapsules intended for vaginal delivery of clotrimazole. | the objective of this work was to propose coconut oil-core nanocapsules prepared from eudragit(®) rs100, a cationic polymer, and to evaluate their potential for vaginal delivery of clotrimazole in candidiasis. nanocapsule suspensions loaded with clotrimazole at 1.0 and 3.0mg/ml were prepared by interfacial deposition of eudragit(®) rs100. the physicochemical characterization showed average diameter lower than 200 nm, low polydispersity index, positive zeta potential (+10.94 to +14.57 mv), acid p ... | 2014 | 24503350 |
| in vitro effect of amphotericin b on candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis biofilm formation. | candida spp. biofilm is considered highly resistant to conventional antifungals. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of amphotericin b on candida spp. biofilms at different stages of maturation. we investigated the activity of amphotericin b against 78 clinical isolates of candida spp., representing three species, growing as planktonic and sessile cells, by a widely accepted broth microdilution method. the in vitro effect on sessile cell viability was evaluated by mtt re ... | 2014 | 24436013 |
| the influence of chemical composition of commercial lemon essential oils on the growth of candida strains. | candida yeasts are saprophytes naturally present in the environment and forming colonies on human mucous membranes and skin. they are opportunistic fungi that cause severe and even fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. several essential oils, including eucalyptus, pine, cinnamon and lemon, have been shown to be effective against candida strains. this study addresses the chemical composition of some commercial lemon essential oils and their antifungal potential against selected candi ... | 2014 | 24436010 |
| ten-year review of candidemia in a canadian tertiary care centre: predominance of non-albicans candida species. | to review the epidemiology and associated risk factors for candidemia at a tertiary care centre, in view of recent reports on the changing epidemiology of bloodstream infection due to candida species. | 2013 | 24421833 |
| impact of new antifungal breakpoints on antifungal resistance in candida species. | we reviewed our antifungal susceptibility data for micafungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole against candida species and compared resistance rates determined by the previous and recently revised clsi antifungal breakpoints. with the new breakpoints, resistance was significantly increased for micafungin (from 0.8% to 7.6%), anidulafungin (from 0.9% to 7.3%), and voriconazole (from 6.1% to 18.4%) against candida glabrata. resistance was also increased for fluconazole against candida ... | 2014 | 24403302 |
| molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of yeast isolates causing fungemia collected in a population-based study in spain in 2010 and 2011. | we report the molecular identifications and antifungal susceptibilities of the isolates causing fungemia collected in the candipop population-based study conducted in 29 spanish hospitals. a total of 781 isolates (from 767 patients, 14 of them having mixed fungemia) were collected. the species found most frequently were candida albicans (44.6%), candida parapsilosis (24.5%), candida glabrata (13.2%), candida tropicalis (7.6%), candida krusei (1.9%), candida guilliermondii (1.7%), and candida lus ... | 2014 | 24366741 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts from in vivo and in vitro propagated lamium album l. plants. | the antimicrobial activity of 18 different extracts from in vivo and in vitro grown l. album l. plants was evaluated against clinical bacteria and yeasts using the well diffusion method. all the used extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, whereas only the water extracts from leaves (in vivo) possessed antifungal activity against candida albicans nbimcc 72 and candida glabrata nbimcc 8673 (14 and 20 mm diameter of inhibition zones and mic 10 mg/ml, respectively). the methanol and ethanol e ... | 2013 | 24311888 |
| antifungal susceptibility and growth inhibitory response of oral candida species to brucea javanica linn. extract. | candida species have been associated with the emergence of resistant strains towards selected antifungal agents. plant products have been used traditionally as alternative medicine to ease candidal infections. the present study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal susceptibility patterns and growth inhibiting effect of brucea javanica seeds extract against candida species. | 2013 | 24305010 |
| repurposing as a means to increase the activity of amphotericin b and caspofungin against candida albicans biofilms. | biofilms of candida species, often formed on medical devices, are generally resistant to currently available antifungal drugs. the aim of this study was to identify compounds that increase the activity of amphotericin b and caspofungin, commonly used antifungal agents, against candida biofilms. | 2014 | 24284780 |
| antifungal application of nonantifungal drugs. | candida species are the cause of 60% of all mycoses in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to ∼150,000 deaths annually due to systemic infections, whereas the current antifungal therapies either have toxic side effects or are insufficiently efficient. we performed a screening of two compound libraries, the enzo and the institute for molecular medicine finland (fimm) oncology collection library, for anti-candida activity based on the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (e ... | 2014 | 24277040 |
| epidemiology of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. a changing face. | invasive candidiasis is a leading cause of mortality. candidaemia is the most common clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis but more that 30% of these infections do not yield positive blood cultures. candida albicans remains the predominant aetiology, accounting for 50% of all cases. however, there has been an epidemiological shift in the last decades. some species of candida different to c. albicans have emerged as an important cause of severe candidaemia as they can exhibit resistance t ... | 2014 | 24270071 |
| the oxidative stress response of the opportunistic fungal pathogen candida glabrata. | organisms have evolved different strategies to respond to oxidative stress generated as a by-product of aerobic respiration and thus maintain the redox homeostasis within the cell. in particular, fungal pathogens are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ros) when they interact with the phagocytic cells of the host which are the first line of defense against fungal infections. these pathogens have co-opted the enzymatic (catalases, superoxide dismutases (sods), and peroxidases) and non-enzymatic ( ... | 2014 | 24270068 |
| histatin 5-spermidine conjugates have enhanced fungicidal activity and efficacy as a topical therapeutic for oral candidiasis. | oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) is caused by the opportunistic fungi candida albicans and is prevalent in immunocompromised patients, individuals with dry mouth, or patients with prolonged antibiotic therapies that reduce oral commensal bacteria. human salivary histatins, including histatin 5 (hst 5), are small cationic proteins that are the major source of fungicidal activity of saliva. however, hsts are rapidly degraded in vivo, limiting their usefulness as therapeutic agents despite their lac ... | 2014 | 24247141 |
| nosocomial bloodstream infections due to candida spp. in the usa: species distribution, clinical features and antifungal susceptibilities. | candida spp. are among the most frequent nosocomial pathogens, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. longitudinal data on the epidemiology of candida bloodstream infections (bsis) are still limited. isolates and clinical data from 1218 episodes of candida bsi were prospectively collected from patients in 52 hospitals in the usa between 1998 and 2006. susceptibilities to amphotericin b, flucytosine, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungi ... | 2014 | 24182454 |
| the yeast anaerobic response element ar1b regulates aerobic antifungal drug-dependent sterol gene expression. | saccharomyces cerevisiae ergosterol biosynthesis, like cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals, is regulated at the transcriptional level by a sterol feedback mechanism. yeast studies defined a 7-bp consensus sterol-response element (sre) common to genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and two transcription factors, upc2 and ecm22, which direct transcription of sterol biosynthetic genes. the 7-bp consensus sre is identical to the anaerobic response element, ar1c. data indicate that upc2 and ecm22 fu ... | 2013 | 24163365 |
| use of micafungin as a surrogate marker to predict susceptibility and resistance to caspofungin among 3,764 clinical isolates of candida by use of clsi methods and interpretive criteria. | due to unacceptably high interlaboratory variation in caspofungin mic values, we evaluated the use of micafungin as a surrogate marker to predict the susceptibility of candida spp. to caspofungin using reference methods and species-specific interpretive criteria. the mic results for 3,764 strains of candida (eight species), including 73 strains with fks mutations, were used. caspofungin mic values and species-specific interpretive criteria were compared with those of micafungin to determine the ... | 2014 | 24153129 |
| characterization of the recombinant candida albicans β-1,2-mannosyltransferase that initiates the β-mannosylation of cell wall phosphopeptidomannan. | the presence of β-mannosides in their cell walls confers specific features on the pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and candida glabrata compared with non-pathogenic yeasts. in the present study, we investigated the enzymatic properties of bmt1 (β-mannosyltransferase 1), a member of the recently identified β-mannosyltransferase family, from c. albicans. a recombinant soluble enzyme lacking the n-terminal region was expressed as a secreted protein from the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. i ... | 2014 | 24138199 |
| comparison of the t2dx instrument with t2candida assay and automated blood culture in the detection of candida species using seeded blood samples. | as a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia is associated with increased mortality and healthcare costs, a more rapid method of detection is urgently needed. the t2candida assay is a new rapid diagnostic test, which uses t2 magnetic resonance technology to identify candida spp. directly from whole blood in approximately 3 hours. in this study, the performance of the bactec 9050 using aerobic plus/f blood culture bottles was compared to that of the t2candida assay run on the t2dx inst ... | 2013 | 24135411 |
| epidemiology and predictive factors for early and late mortality in candida bloodstream infections: a population-based surveillance in spain. | a prospective, multicentre, population-based surveillance programme for candida bloodstream infections was implemented in five metropolitan areas of spain to determine its incidence and the prevalence of antifungal resistance, and to identify predictors of death. between may 2010 and april 2011, candida isolates were centralized to a reference laboratory for species identification by dna sequencing and for susceptibility testing by eucast reference procedure. prognostic factors associated with e ... | 2014 | 24125548 |
| changing epidemiology of candidemia in a medical center in middle taiwan. | candidemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the health care setting, and the epidemiology of candida infection is changing. | 2015 | 24113067 |
| epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and outcome of candidemia across five sites in italy and spain. | candidemia has become an important bloodstream infection that is frequently associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, and its growing incidence is related to complex medical and surgical procedures. we conducted a multicenter study in five tertiary care teaching hospitals in italy and spain and evaluated the epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibilities, and outcomes of candidemia episodes. in the period of 2008 to 2010, 995 episodes of candidemia were identified i ... | 2013 | 24108614 |
| effects of bovine lactoferrin to oral candida albicans and candida glabrata isolates recovered from the saliva in elderly people. | the effects of bovine lactoferrin (blf) on the growth of candida species and on inflammatory cytokine production in gingival keratinocytes, ndusd-1 co-cultured with candida strains were investigated. the results showed that blf at 10 and 100 μg/ml significantly inhibits the growth of two c. albicans strains and two c. glabrata strains isolated from the saliva of elderly people requiring nursing care, respectively. the levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (il)-6, and il-8 in ndusd-1 co-c ... | 2013 | 24077721 |
| assessment of host defence mechanisms induced by candida species. | some species of candida are opportunistic pathogens that can cause disease in a host immunocompromised by underlying local or systemic pathological processes. c. albicans is the species most often associated with oral lesions, but other species of candida, including c. glabrata, c. tropicalis and c. parapsilosis, have also been isolated in the saliva of subjects with and without candidiasis. in the present study we evaluated the host defence mechanisms induced by candida albicans and other candi ... | 2017 | 24067462 |
| emergence of non-albicans candida among candidal vulvovaginitis cases and study of their potential virulence factors, from a tertiary care center, north india. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of various candida species and study some of their virulence factors among thevulvovaginal candidiasis(vvc)patients. | 2013 | 24056652 |
| candidemia in intensive care unit patients: a one year study from a tertiary care center in south india. | the occurrence of candidemia is on a rise worldwide. non-albicans candida species have emerged as major causes of candidemia in many countries. added to it is the problem of antifungal resistance in candida isolates. | 2015 | 24029196 |
| photodynamic inactivation of clinical isolates of candida using photodithazine®. | this study evaluated the photodynamic inactivation (pdi) mediated by photodithazine(®) (pdz) against 15 clinical isolates of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida tropicalis. each isolate, in planktonic and biofilm form, was exposed to pdi by assessing a range of pdz concentrations and light emitting diode fluences. cell survival of the planktonic suspensions was determined by colony forming units (cfu ml(-1)). the antifungal effects of pdi against biofilms were evaluated by cfu ml(-1) ... | 2013 | 24025068 |
| invasive candidiasis in intensive care units in china: in vitro antifungal susceptibility in the china-scan study. | the objectives of this study were to determine species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of candida isolates identified in the multicentre china-scan study of invasive candida infection (ici) in intensive care units (icus) across china. | 2014 | 24004860 |
| isavuconazole pharmacodynamic target determination for candida species in an in vivo murine disseminated candidiasis model. | pharmacodynamic (pd) studies with triazoles in the neutropenic murine disseminated candidiasis model have been performed extensively for candida albicans. they have consistently shown that the pharmacodynamic index most closely correlated with efficacy is the ratio of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (auc) to the mic, and a target 24-h free-drug auc/mic ratio near 25 is associated with 50% of maximal microbiologic efficacy. we utilized this model to investigate the pharmacodynami ... | 2013 | 24002092 |
| evaluation of bactec mycosis ic/f and plus aerobic/f blood culture bottles for detection of candida in the presence of antifungal agents. | clinical practice guidelines recommend performing follow-up cultures for patients with candidemia in order to determine the time when candida is cleared from the bloodstream. since this requires culturing blood samples from patients undergoing antifungal treatment, we evaluated two blood culture bottles (the bactec mycosis ic/f [micf], specifically adapted to the growth of fungi, and the bactec plus aerobic/f [paf], containing resins to inactivate anti-infective agents) for their effectiveness i ... | 2013 | 23985911 |
| candida species contamination of preservation fluid-outcome of renal transplantation in 6 patients. | fungal infections are a rare but important cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplantation. fungal contamination of the kidney preservation fluid may, sometimes, be the cause of these infections. however, the clinical consequences of fungal contamination of this fluid are not completely understood and literature on this topic is controversial. the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of preservation fluid contamination by fungi and its clinical consequences. | 2013 | 23953531 |
| possible transmission of candida albicans on an intensive care unit: genotype and temporal cluster analyses. | nosocomial transmission of candida spp. has not been fully explored and previous studies have shown conflicting results. | 2013 | 23927923 |
| clinical isolates and laboratory reference candida species and strains have varying abilities to form biofilms. | candida biofilms are a major virulence trait for this yeast. in this study, the biofilm-forming ability of the major medically important clinical and laboratory reference strains was compared. biofilms were quantified using traditional methods, that is, crystal violet (cv), tetrazolium (xtt) reduction and colony-forming unit assays (cfu), and two new methods: an automated cell counter (acc) and biofilm suspension turbidity (bst) method. biofilms could be categorized based on biofilm biomass (hig ... | 2013 | 23927631 |