| dissociation, reassociation, and purification of plastid and cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes. | the plastid and cytosolic isozymes of the dimeric enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9) from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and cauliflower (brassica oleracea) were purified to apparent homogeneity. the isozymes from sunflower (helianthus annuus) and clarkia xantiana were partially purified. when subunits from two electrophoretically distinguishable cytosolic isozymes, either from the same or from different species, were dissociated and allowed to reassociate in each other's presence, an act ... | 1982 | 16662282 |
| in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables: the influence of cooking and additives. | the estimation of heavy metal bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment. using an in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in raw/cooked pakchoi (brassica rapa l., chinensis group) and malabar spinach (basella rubra l.) were studied. the effect of the addition of iron, calcium and acetic acid to the samples was also determined. the results indicated that cd bioaccessibility wa ... | 2013 | 23791752 |
| effects of mercury on visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of mustard spinach plants (brassica rapa p.). | mustard spinach plants were grown in mercury-spiked and contaminated soils collected in the field under controlled laboratory conditions over a full growth cycle to test if vegetation grown in these soils has discernible characteristics in visible/near-infrared (vnir) spectra. foliar hg concentrations (0.174-3.993ppm) of the mustard spinach plants were positively correlated with hg concentration of soils and varied throughout the growing season. equations relating foliar hg concentration to spec ... | 2007 | 17188786 |
| measurement of carbon flux through the mep pathway for isoprenoid synthesis by (31)p-nmr spectroscopy after specific inhibition of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate reductase. effect of light and temperature. | the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (mep) and the mevalonate pathways are the unique synthesis routes for the precursors of all isoprenoids. an original mean to measure the carbon flux through the mep pathway in plants is proposed by using cadmium as a total short-term inhibitor of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (mecdp) reductase (gcpe) and measuring the accumulation rate of its substrate mecdp by (31) p-nmr spectroscopy. the mep pathway metabolic flux was determined in spinach (spina ... | 2011 | 21443577 |
| trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis). | an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analysed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2 + 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. t ... | 2013 | 24513061 |
| trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis). | an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analyzed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2+ 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. th ... | 2013 | 24416778 |
| graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric detection of vanadium in water and food samples after solid phase extraction on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. | vanadium(v) ions as 8-hydroxyquinoline chelates were loaded on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) in a mini chromatographic column. vanadium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gfaas). various analytical parameters including ph of the working solutions, amounts of 8-hydroxyquinoline, eluent type, sample volume, and flow rates were investigated. the effects of matrix ions and some transition metals were also studied. the column can be reused 250 times without any ... | 2013 | 24148394 |
| preconcentration system for cadmium and lead determination in environmental samples using polyurethane foam/me-btanc. | in this work, polyurethane foam (puf) loaded with 2-(6'-methyl-2'-benzothiazolylazo)chromotropic acid (me-btanc) was packed in a minicolumn and it was used in an on-line preconcentration system for cadmium and lead determination. optimum hydrodynamic and chemical conditions for metal sorption were investigated. the effects of several foreign substances on the adsorption of cadmium and lead were also reported. the enrichment factor obtained was 37 (cd and pb) for 180 s preconcentration time. the ... | 2006 | 16530947 |
| [determination of low-level pesticide residues in agricultural products by ion-trap gc/ms/ms]. | the objective of this study was to elucidate the utility of ion-trap gc/ms/ms for the analysis of pesticides in extracted matrices from various agricultural products. identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides in matrices were performed by quadrupole gc/ms and ion-trap gc/ms/ms. chlorpyrifos was added to the matrix of spinach, soybean in the pod or corn, and aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, alpha-bhc, beta-bhc, gamma-bhc, delta-bhc, p,p'-ddd, p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddt and p,p'-ddt were added to ea ... | 2003 | 15038113 |
| the influence of dietary factors on the risk of urinary stone formation. | the action of various beverages and foods on the composition of the urine in the circadian rhythm and in the 24-hour urine has been investigated under standardized conditions. orange juice leads to a significant increase of urinary ph and citric acid excretion. black tea leads to a raised excretion of oxalic acid by only 7.9%. in the short term, beer increases diuresis, but afterwards leads to a compensatory antidiuresis with increased risk of stone formation. depending on their composition, min ... | 1993 | 8146611 |
| the action of phosphatidate phosphatase on the fatty-acid composition of safflower triacylglycerol and spinach glycerolipids. | the microsomal phosphatidate phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.4) in maturing seeds of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) was specific and selective for unsaturated phosphatidates. the relative order of specificity for phosphatidate molecular species was 1,2-dilinoleoyl = 1,2-dioleoyl > 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl > 1,2-dilauroyl = 1,2-dimyristoyl > 1,2-dipalmitoyl. the order of selectivity was similar to that of the specificity. the broad selectivity for unsaturated phosphatidate species (1,2-di-unsaturated-acyl ... | 1991 | 24193745 |
| physical and genetic mapping of safflower chloroplast dna : location of psba, rbcl, atpa and rrna. | a physical map of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) chloroplast dna has been generated using sali, psti, kpni and hindiii restriction endonucleases. the circular plastid genome (151 kbp) has the usual inverted repeat. heterologous probes containing psba, rbcl, atpa or rrna structural genes mapped colinearly with spinach and other chloroplast genomes. | 1985 | 24310941 |
| construction and mapping of safflower chloroplast dna recombinants and location of selected gene markers. | dna was isolated and purified from chloroplasts of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), digested with hindiii restriction endonuclease, and ligated into the hindiii site of the plasmid puc9. recombinant dnas were isolated from ampicillin resistant white colonies which grew in the presence of the appropriate indicator, digested with hindiii, and then identified by comparison of agarose gel electrophoretic mobilities. hindiii digests of chloroplast dna were used as a standard. such recombinants we ... | 1985 | 24253119 |
| chlorophyll breakdown in spinach: on the structure of five nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites. | in extracts of senescent leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea), five colourless compounds with uv/vis-characteristics of nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (nccs) were detected and tentatively named so-nccs. the most abundant polar ncc in the leaves of this vegetable, so-ncc-2, had been isolated earlier and its constitution was determined by spectroscopic means. the catabolite so-ncc-2 was found to be an epimer of a polar ncc from barley (hordeum vulgare), the first non-green chlorophyll cat ... | 2002 | 16228549 |
| nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in south africa. | wild vegetables play an important role in the diet of inhabitants of different parts of the world. among the wild vegetables of south africa are chenopodium album, sonchus asper, solanumnigrum and urtica urens. the leaves of these plants were analysed for their nutritive value, anti-nutritive components and polyphenolic contents. the protein contents of their leaves ranged between 13.25% and 26.44%, while the fibre and mineral (ash) contents were 16.08-23.08% and 13.0-27.75%, respectively. u. ur ... | 2009 | 19037794 |
| the biochemistry of rubisco in flaveria. | c(4) plants have been reported to have rubiscos with higher maximum carboxylation rates (kcat(co(2))) and michaelis-menten constants (k(m)) for co(2) (k(c)) than the enzyme from c(3) species, but variation in other kinetic parameters between the two photosynthetic pathways has not been extensively examined. the co(2)/o(2) specificity (s(c/o)), kcat(co(2)), k(c), and the k(m) for o(2) (k(o)) and rubp (k(m-rubp)), were measured at 25 degrees c, in rubisco purified from 16 species of flaveria (aste ... | 2008 | 18227079 |
| photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by 2-substituted 4-alkyl-6-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines with thylakoids from wild-type and atrazine-resistant chenopodium album. | the effect of 2-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines on photosynthetic electron transport (pet) was measured with thylakoids isolated from atrazine-resistant, wild-type chenopodium album, and spinach to find novel 1,3,5-triazine herbicides bearing a strong pet inhibition. the pet inhibition assay with chenopodium (wild-type and resistant), yielded a resistance ratio (r/w = i50 (resistant)/i50 (wild-type)) of 324 for atrazine while for benzylamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives of diamino-1,3,5-triazines a r/ ... | 2013 | 12562086 |
| photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by pyrimidines and pyridines substituted with benzylamino, methyl and trifluoromethyl groups. | the decrease of the number of ring nitrogen atoms of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines on herbicidal activity and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) was assayed using thylakoids from spinacia oleracea or atrazine-resistant chenopodium album. three 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines, nine pyrimidines with a benzylamino-, methyl- and trifluoromethyl-group, 2-benzylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl- pyridine and n-benzyl-3-methyl-5-trif ... | 2013 | 11371009 |
| [fluorescent properties of b-type ferredoxins]. | fluroescent spectra of six b-type ferredoxins of plant and animal origins were obtained. all investigated proteins do not contain tryptophan. the emission maxima of the native proteins, apoproteins prepared by various methods, and denaturated proteins are compared. the effects of ph, ionic strength and ferricyanide on the ferredoxins fluorescence were studied. "unusual" emission at 340nm noted previously for adrenal ferredoxin was observed for spinach and chenopodium album ferredoxins too. the l ... | 1977 | 19104 |
| h(2) metabolism in photosynthetic organisms: i. dark h(2) evolution and uptake by algae and mosses. | dark h(2) metabolism was studied in marine and fresh water red algae, the green alga, chlamydomonas, and mosses. a time variable and temperature-sensitive anaerobic incubation was required prior to h(2) evolution. h(2) evolution was sensitive to disalicylidenepropanediamine. an immediate h(2) uptake was observed in these algae. immediate dark h(2) uptake but no evolution was observed in the mosses.a cell-free hydrogenase preparation was obtained from anaerobically adapted chlamydomonas reinhardi ... | 1975 | 16659260 |
| first report of the carolina spiral nematode, scutellonema brachyurus, from soil of a garden in crete, greece. | members of the genus scutellonema can cause substantial crop losses to ornamental and cultivated plants directly by feeding ectoparasitically on plant roots (bridge et al., 2005; coyne et al., 2006). in may 2015, a soil sample from a house garden from heraklion city in crete, greece, was sent for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes. in this place, there had been cactus (opuntia sp.) plants (probably imported), which were uprooted 3 to 4 years earlier. after that, the area was cropped with cuc ... | 2016 | 27168646 |
| nutritional quality of ten leafy vegetables harvested at two light intensities. | the nutritional composition of ten leafy vegetables (chicory, green lettuce, lamb's lettuce, mizuna, red chard, red lettuce, rocket, spinach, swiss chard, and tatsoi) and quality traits of the selected leafy vegetables in relation to the light intensity (low and high photosynthetically active radiation; par) at time of harvest were determined. irrespective of the light intensity at time of harvest, the highest leaf dry matter (dm), proteins, nitrate, p, k and ca contents were observed in rocket ... | 2016 | 26776027 |
| determination of lutein from fruit and vegetables through an alkaline hydrolysis extraction method and hplc analysis. | a simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of lutein content, successfully used for cereal matrices, was evaluated in fruit and vegetables. the method involved the determination of lutein after an alkaline hydrolysis of the sample matrix, followed by extraction with solvents and analysis by normal phase hplc. the optimized method was simple, precise, and accurate and it was characterized by few steps that could prevent loss of lutein and its degradation. the optimized method was ... | 2015 | 26540023 |
| heterogeneous photocatalytic disinfection of wash waters from the fresh-cut vegetable industry. | the effectiveness of photocatalytic disinfection for control of natural and potentially pathogenic microflora in wash waters used for fresh-cut vegetables was evaluated. wash waters for lettuce, escarole, chicory, carrot, onion, and spinach from a fresh-cut vegetable processing plant were treated with a titanium dioxide (tio2) photocatalytic system. the vegetable wash waters were impelled out with a pump at a flow rate of 1,000 liters/h and conducted through a stainless steel circuit to the filt ... | 2008 | 18326177 |
| intake of vitamin a and carotenoids from the italian population--results of an italian total diet study. | the present study focused on vitamin a and carotenoids (alpha-and beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene) daily intake from the italian total diet. the input of some food groups (cereals, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy, meat and meat products, fish) most responsible for major and minor contributions to the daily intake of these molecules was evaluated. furthermore the contribution to the dietary intake of beta-carotene and lutein of the most consumed vegetables in ... | 2006 | 17048188 |
| determination of nitrates by a novel ion chromatographic method: occurrence in leafy vegetables (organic and conventional) and exposure assessment for italian consumers. | a novel ion chromatographic method to detect nitrates in vegetables was developed, and the nitrate contents in green salad (a mixture of endive and prickly lettuce), lettuce, chicory, rocket and spinach were determined from italian markets in 1996-2002. these leaf vegetables were included because they are currently supposed to provide most of the nitrate intake in the typical italian diet. the highest content of nitrate was detected in chicory (6250 mg kg(-1)) and rocket (6120 mg kg(-1)), which ... | 2003 | 13129772 |
| [nutrient content in vegetable species from the argentine chaco]. | the nutrient composition was investigated in wild vegetable products grown in the argentine chaco. the evaluated species were: rumex sp., amaranthus quitensis and taraxacum officinale, as vegetable leaves; morrenia odorata, passiflora sp. (in two ripening stages) and eugenia myrciantes as fruits; and the pollen of the flowers of typha domingensis. sampling was performed during three harvesting seasons. values for protein, total lipid, crude fiber, ash, reducing and total sugar, starch, total pec ... | 1997 | 9673684 |
| [review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. iii. carrots, celery, parsnips, beets, spinach, lettuce, endives, chicory, rhubarb, and artichokes (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 716640 |
| extraction efficiency of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from lyophilized foods using pressurized liquid extraction and manual extraction. | the efficient extraction of antioxidants from food samples is necessary in order to accurately measure their antioxidant capacities. α-tocopherol and gallic acid were spiked into samples of 5 lyophilized and pulverized vegetables and fruits (onion, cabbage, satsuma mandarin orange, pumpkin, and spinach). the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in the samples were sequentially extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane, and then with acetic acid-acidified aqueous methanol. ... | 2014 | 25155095 |
| freezing tolerance of citrus, spinach, and petunia leaf tissue : osmotic adjustment and sensitivity to freeze induced cellular dehydration. | seasonal variations in freezing tolerance, water content, water and osmotic potential, and levels of soluble sugars of leaves of field-grown valencia orange (citrus sinensis) trees were studied to determine the ability of citrus trees to cold acclimate under natural conditions. controlled environmental studies of young potted citrus trees, spinach (spinacia pleracea), and petunia (petunia hybrids) were carried out to study the water relations during cold acclimation under less variable condition ... | 1989 | 16666563 |
| a study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. | the growths of the african catfish (clarias gariepinus) and water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) were evaluated in recirculation aquaponic system (ras). fish production performance, plant growth and nutrient removal were measured and their dependence on hydraulic loading rate (hlr) was assessed. fish production did not differ significantly between hydraulic loading rates. in contrast to the fish production, the water spinach yield was significantly higher in the lower hydraulic loading rate. fish pr ... | 2010 | 19819130 |
| formulation and characterization of functional foods based on fruit and vegetable residue flour. | fruits and vegetables are extensively processed and the residues are often discarded. however, due to their rich composition, they could be used to minimize food waste. this study aimed to develop food products based on the solid residue generated from the manufacture of an isotonic beverage. this beverage was produced based on integral exploitation of several fruits and vegetables: orange, passion fruit, watermelon, lettuce, courgette, carrot, spinach, mint, taro, cucumber and rocket. the remai ... | 2015 | 25694690 |
| cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in new zealand. | cyanogenic glycosides occur in a wide range of plant species. the potential toxicity of cyanogenic glycosides arises from enzymatic degradation to produce hydrogen cyanide, which may result in acute cyanide poisoning and has also been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. one hundred retail foods were sampled and analysed for the presence of total hydrocyanic acid using an acid hydrolysis-isonicotinic/barbituric acid colourimetric method. food samples included cassava, bamboo ... | 2013 | 23984870 |
| green leaves are the stuff of life. | children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and the elderly need to eat dark green leafy vegetables. these vegetables provide vitamin a which prevents night blindness and increases resistance to illness. the vitamin is also transferred to babies in breast milk; so mothers, in particular, need to consume these vegetables. vitamin a is also contained in squash, sweet potatoes, carrots, mangoes, milk, eggs, and liver. iron, which prevents tiredness and weakness, is found in meat, peas, beans, spinac ... | 2013 | 12345402 |
| comparative biochemical and immunological studies of the glycine betaine synthesis pathway in diverse families of dicotyledons. | members of the chenopodiaceae can accumulate high levels (>100 μmol·(g dw)(-1)) of glycine betaine (betaine) in leaves when salinized. chenopodiaceae synthesize betaine by a two-step oxidation of choline (choline→betaine aldehyde→ betaine), with the second step catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh, ec 1.2.1.8). high betaine levels have also been reported in leaves of species from several distantly-related families of dicotyledons, raising the question of whether the same betaine-syn ... | 1989 | 24212901 |
| quantifying the sensitivity of scent detection dogs to identify fecal contamination on raw produce. | consumption of raw produce commodities has been associated with foodborne outbreaks in the united states. in a recent centers for disease control and prevention report outlining the incidence of food-related outbreaks from 1998 to 2008, produce of all kinds were implicated in 46% of illnesses and 23% of deaths. methods that quickly identify fecal contamination of foods, including produce, will allow prioritization of samples for testing during investigations and perhaps decrease the time require ... | 2014 | 24405993 |
| comparison of different sample preparation procedures for the detection and isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and non-o157 stecs from leafy greens and cilantro. | the fda bacteriological analytical manual (bam) method for the detection/isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) involves enrichment of produce rinses, blended homogenates or stomached homogenates. however, the effectiveness of rinsing produce to remove attached bacteria is largely unknown. moreover, pcr inhibitors can be released under physical treatment. the study objective was to determine the relative effectiveness of recovery methods for stec contaminated produce. spinach ... | 2012 | 22986209 |
| antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some leafy vegetables. | some leafy vegetables were studied for their nutritional composition, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. the aerial parts of coriandrum sativum, spinacia oleracea, trigonella corniculata and trigonella foenum-graecum showed lower inhibitory concentration values (4.1-7.9 mg/ml), efficiency concentration values (178-321 mg/mg dpph) and higher values of anti-radical power (0.31-0.51) as compared with their seeds. thermal treatment reduced the total phenolic contents, antioxidant an ... | 2005 | 16503558 |
| pre-extraction preparation (fresh, frozen, freeze-dried, or acetone powdered) and long-term storage of fruit and vegetable tissues: effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. | activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, guaiacol peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and superoxide dismutase were assayed in honeydew (cucumis melo l.) fruit and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves either as fresh, frozen to -80 degrees c, frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried, or acetone powder, representing the various ways tissues are treated prior to enzyme extraction. treated tissues were analyzed ... | 2004 | 15080616 |
| modifications induced by benomyl and related compounds into chloroplasts spectral patterns, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents of spinacia oleracea and cucumis melo. | | 1977 | 861396 |
| amino-substituted para-benzoquinones as potential herbicides. | although quinones present a large array of biological activities, a few studies on the herbicidal potential of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones have been reported to date. in this work, starting from benzoquinone, 13 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in 46 - 93% yield. the products were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses and their phytotoxicity against cucumis sativus and sorghum bicolor seedlings was investigated. at 100 ppm, compounds caused 10 - 88% ... | 2016 | 27389616 |
| rubrolides as model for the development of new lactones and their aza analogs as potential photosynthesis inhibitors. | natural phytotoxins and their synthetic analogs are a potential source of new bioactive compounds for agriculture. analogs of rubrolides, a class of γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones isolated from different ascidians, have been shown to interfere with the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, yet their activity needs to be improved. with this aim, ten 5-aryl-6-benzyl-4-bromopyridazin-3(2h)-ones were prepared in yields ranging from 44 to 88% by reaction of their correspondent γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones wit ... | 2015 | 26172321 |
| consumer sensory analysis of organically and conventionally grown vegetables. | consumers of organically grown fruits and vegetables often believe that these products taste better than conventional produce. however, comparison of produce from supermarket shelves does not permit adequate assessment of this consumer perception, given potentially confounding cultivar and environmental effects. we used replicated side-by-side plots to produce organic and conventional vegetables for consumer sensory studies. in one test, red loose leaf lettuce, spinach, arugula, and mustard gree ... | 2007 | 17995860 |
| characterisation of senescence-induced changes in light harvesting complex ii and photosystem i complex of thylakoids of cucumis sativus cotyledons: age induced association of lhcii with photosystem i. | structure and function of chloroplasts are known to after during senescence. the senescence-induced specific changes in light harvesting antenna of photosystem ii (psii) and photosystem i (psi) were investigated in cucumis cotyledons. purified light harvesting complex ii (lhcii) and photosystem i complex were isolated from 6-day non-senescing and 27-day senescing cucumis cotyledons. the chlorophyll a/b ratio of lhcii obtained from 6-day-old control cotyledons and their absorption, chlorophyll a ... | 2003 | 12685033 |
| lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in relation to photoinhibition induced by chilling in moderate light. | the effect of a chilling stress, at a moderate photon flux density for a few hours, on the peroxidation of membrane lipids and on superoxide dismutase (sod) activity was compared in leaf slices of chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive plants. the aim was to determine if susceptibility to chill-temperature photoinhibition could be related to either damage to membrane lipids by superoxide and-or a decrease in activity of chloroplast sod. plants used were nerium oleander l., grown at 45° c, a ... | 1991 | 24186344 |
| superoxide production by thylakoids during chilling and its implication in the susceptibility of plants to chilling-induced photoinhibition. | factors influencing the rate of superoxide (o 2 (-) ) production by thylakoids were investigated to determine if increased production of the radical was related to injury induced by chilling at a moderate photon flux density (pfd). plants used were spinacia oleracea l., cucumis sativus l. and nerium oleander l. grown at either 200° c or 45° c. superoxide production was determined by electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of the (o 2 (-) )-dependent rate of oxidation of 2-ethyl-1-hydroxy-2,5,5-trim ... | 1991 | 24193624 |
| cause for dark, chilling-induced inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system in cucumber leaves. | effects on oxygen evolution of the storage of detached cucumber (cucumis sativus) leaves at 0 degrees c in the dark were investigated with thylakoids and oxygen-evolving photosystem ii membranes isolated from stored leaves. the cold and dark treatment of leaves selectively inactivated electron transport on the oxidizing side of photosystem ii. photosystem ii membranes isolated from treated leaves were largely depleted of two proteins of 20 and 14 kilodaltons, which correspond to the extrinsic 23 ... | 1990 | 16667624 |
| thermal dependence of the apparent k(m) of glutathione reductases from three plant species. | the thermal dependencies of the apparent k(m) of the glutathione reductases from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) corn (zea mays l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were determined. the apparent k(m) of the enzymes were found to vary up to 9-fold between 12.5 and 45 degrees c. values of the apparent k(m) in excess of 200% of the observed minimum are suggested to be detrimental to the normal function of the enzyme. we propose the term "thermal kinetic window" to describe to the range of temperat ... | 1990 | 16667543 |
| photosynthesis is not involved in the mechanism of action of acifluorfen in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the possible role of photosynthesis in the mechanism of action of the herbicide acifluorfen (2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-2-nitrobenzoate; af) was examined. the sensitivity to af of cotyledons of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) which had been grown under far red light (fr) and white light were compared. fr grown tissues which were photosynthetically imcompetent were hypersensitive to af under white light and had approximately the same relative response to af under blue and red light as gree ... | 1986 | 16664919 |
| photosynthesis involvement in the mechanism of action of diphenyl ether herbicides. | photosynthesis is not required for the toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides, nor are chloroplast thylakoids the primary site of diphenyl ether herbicide activity. isolated spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplast fragments produced malonyl dialdehyde, indicating lipid peroxidation, when paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion) or diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] were added to the medium, but no malonyl dialdehyde was produced when chloroplast fragments were treated with ... | 1985 | 16664206 |
| food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in north-eastern italy. | the relation between dietary factors and the risk of colorectal cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in pordenone province, north-eastern italy, on 123 cases of colon cancer, 125 of rectal cancer and 699 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic or digestive disorders. consistent positive associations were observed with more frequent consumption of bread (odds ratio, or = 2.1 for colon and 2.2 for rectum for highest vs. lowest tertile), polenta (or = 2.1 for co ... | 1992 | 1730516 |
| the role of leaves in sex expression in hemp and spinach. | when shoots of young plants of hemp (cannabis sativa l.) and spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) were cultured as cuttings and allowed to regenerate advenitious roots, ca. 80-85% became female (formed pistillate flowers) regardless of whether the leaves were left on the plants or were cut off (except for the 2-3 uppermost ones) after the beginning of adventitious-root formation. but when the leaves were cut off and the cuttings treated with gibberellic acid (ga3, 25 mg/l) ca. 77-80% of the plants bec ... | 1979 | 24408695 |
| dithiol oxidant and disulfide reductant dynamically regulate the phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex ii proteins in thylakoid membranes. | light-induced phosphorylation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex ii (lhcii) proteins in plant thylakoid membranes requires an activation of the lhcii kinase via binding of plastoquinol to cytochrome b(6)f complex. however, a gradual down-regulation of lhcii protein phosphorylation occurs in higher plant leaves in vivo with increasing light intensity. this inhibition is likely to be mediated by increasing concentration of thiol reductants in the chloroplast. here, we have determined the ... | 2003 | 12970473 |
| value addition of traditional wheat flour vermicelli. | vermicelli is a product prepared by using whole or refined wheat flour. hard dough is prepared, extruded and dried in the sun. since wheat flour is deficient in lysine, one of the essential amino acids, the protein quality remains poor. refining of wheat further reduces nutritional quality. therefore value addition of vermicelli is of prime importance to improve nutrient content and to save its delicacy. secondly, use of value added convenient/processed foods can be a solution to the problem of ... | 2013 | 24425987 |
| low temperature acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and leaf morphology in the context of phloem loading type. | carbon export from leaf mesophyll to sugar-transporting phloem occurs via either an apoplastic (across the cell membrane) or symplastic (through plasmodesmatal cell wall openings) pathway. herbaceous apoplastic loaders generally exhibit an up-regulation of photosynthetic capacity in response to growth at lower temperature. however, acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature by symplastically loading species, whose geographic distribution is particularly strong in tropical and subtropical areas ... | 2012 | 22791016 |
| espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production. | espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) supply for carrot (daucus carota l.), spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) nutrition. | 2015 | 26123995 |
| arsenic availability from chromated copper arsenate (cca)-treated wood. | lumber used to construct raised garden beds is often treated with chromated copper arsenate (cca). this project aimed to determine (i) how far as, cu, and cr had diffused away from cca-treated wood surfaces in raised garden beds under realistic conditions, (ii) the uptake of these elements by crops, and (iii) the effect of cca solution on soil bacteria. this study showed that as, cu, and cr diffuse into soil from cca-treated wood used to construct raised garden beds. to determine crop uptake of ... | 2013 | 14964372 |
| effect of various temperatures on phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in thylakoid membranes. | lipid unsaturation, the major factor to maintain thylakoid membrane fluidity, is affected by temperature. in this work, we analysed the molecular species composition of phosphatidylglycerol (pg) in thylakoid membranes during spinach (spinacia oleracea) and squash (cucurbita pepo) cotyledon growth to investigate how the growth temperature affects the pg biosynthesis. of the 10 molecular species detected, temperature affected mainly the relative content of molecular species containing linolenic ac ... | 2003 | 12702014 |
| import of peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase into glyoxysomes. | a new procedure was used to purify the peroxisomal matrix enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr) from green leaves of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). monospecific antibodies were prepared against this enzyme in rabbits. immunoprecipitation of hpr from watermelon (citrullus vulgaris schrad.) yielded a single protein with a subunit molecular weight of 45 kda. immunohistochemical labeling of hpr was found exclusively in watermelon microbodies. isolated polyadenylated ... | 1988 | 24220768 |
| antioxidant activity of brazilian vegetables and its relation with phenolic composition. | vegetables are widely consumed in brazil and exported to several countries. this study was performed to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of vegetables commonly consumed in brazil using five different methods, namely dpph and abts free radical, β-carotene bleaching, reduction of fe(3+) (frap), oxidative stability in rancimat, and the chemical composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the content of phenolic compounds ranged from 1.2 mg ga/g (carrot) to ... | 2012 | 22942744 |
| sulfhydryl reagents and energy-linked reactions in monocot thylakoids. | monofunctional maleimides have been used to covalently modify the coupling factor protein of monocot thylakoid membranes. as with dicot thylakoids, incubation of the monocot thylakoids with maleimides in the light but not in the dark results in inhibition of both atp synthesis and hydrolysis. in the dark, sites on the gamma and epsilon subunits of maize zea mays coupling factor 1 are modified after incubation of maize mesophyll thylakoids with the fluorescent maleimide n-(anilinonaphthyl-4) male ... | 1990 | 16667548 |
| inhibition of 3-phosphoglycerate-dependent o(2) evolution by phosphoenolpyruvate in c(4) mesophyll chloroplasts of digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop. | the effects of phosphoenolpyruvate (pep), inorganic phosphate (pi), and atp on 3-phosphoglycerate (pga)-dependent o(2) evolution by chloroplasts of digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop. (crabgrass) were evaluated relative to possible mechanisms of pep transport by the c(4) mesophyll chloroplast. crude and percoll purified chloroplast preparations exhibited rates of pga-dependent o(2) evolution in the range of 90 to 135 micromoles o(2) per milligram chlorophyll per hour, and up to 180 micromoles o(2) ... | 1984 | 16663911 |
| regulation of chloroplast photosynthetic activity by exogenous magnesium. | magnesium was most inhibitory to photosynthetic reactions by intact chloroplasts when the magnesium was added in the dark before illumination. two millimolar mgcl(2), added in the dark, inhibited co(2)-dependent o(2) evolution by hordeum vulgare l. and spinacia oleracea l. (c(3) plants) chloroplasts 70 to 100% and inhibited (pyruvate + oxaloacetate)-dependent o(2) evolution by digitaria sanguinalis l. (c(4) plant) mesophyll chloroplasts from 80 to 100%. when mg(2+) was added in the light, o(2) e ... | 1978 | 16660509 |
| isolation of mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells from digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop. leaves and a scanning microscopy study of the internal leaf cell morphology. | a technique is described for the separation of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells from digitaria sanguinalis leaves and evidence for separation is given with light and scanning electron micrographs. gentle grinding of fully differentiated leaves in a mortar releases mesophyll cells which are isolated on nylon nets by filtration. more extensive grinding of the remaining tissue yields bundle sheath strands which are isolated by filtration with stainless steel sieves and nylon nets. further grinding ... | 1971 | 16657571 |
| isotopic discrimination and kinetic parameters of rubisco from the marine bloom-forming diatom, skeletonema costatum. | the cosmopolitan, bloom-forming diatom, skeletonema costatum, is a prominent primary producer in coastal oceans, fixing co2 with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) that is phylogenetically distinct from terrestrial plant rubisco. rubiscos are subdivided into groups based on sequence similarity of their large subunits (ia-id, ii, and iii). id is present in several major oceanic primary producers, including diatoms such as s. costatum, coccolithophores, and some dinoflagella ... | 2015 | 25302659 |
| gradients of intercellular co(2) levels across the leaf mesophyll. | most current photosynthesis models, and interpretations of many wholeleaf co(2) gas exchange measurements, are based on the often unstated assumption that the partial pressure of co(2) is nearly uniform throughout the airspaces of the leaf mesophyll. here we present measurements of co(2) gradients across amphistomatous leaves allowed to assimilate co(2) through only one surface, thus simulating hypostomatous leaves. we studied five species: eucalyptus pauciflora sieb. ex spreng., brassica chinen ... | 1988 | 16666027 |
| novel o-d-galacturonoyl esters in the pectic polysaccharides of suspension-cultured plant cells. | driselase digestion of uronate-6-14c-labeled primary walls of cultured spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) cells yielded about 18 novel uronate-containing compounds, most of which could be hydrolyzed by cold dilute alkali to yield oligo-[14c]galacturonides. one typical driselase digestion product (compound 17) yielded alpha-(1-->4)-d-[14c]galacturonotriose(gala3) upon very mild treatment with alkali (50% yield of gala3 in 7.2 min at ph 11 and 25 degrees c). one of the three galacturonate residues in ... | 1993 | 8022945 |
| compost maturity and nitrogen availability by co-composting of paddy husk and chicken manure amended with clinoptilolite zeolite. | the availability of paddy husk from rice processing plants remains high owing to increase in the worldwide rice consumption. increasing demand for chicken products leads to poultry wastes production. co-composting of the aforementioned wastes could solve the indiscriminate disposal of these wastes. thus, co-composting of paddy husk and chicken slurry with clinoptilolite zeolite and urea as additive was carried out. clinoptilolite zeolite was used to enhance ammonium and nitrate retention in the ... | 2015 | 25819928 |
| immunomagnetic separation and visual fluorescence detection of salmonella spp., using aoac approved sas molecular tests. | the sas molecular tests method for detection of salmonella spp. in various food matrixes has been certified by the aoac research institute and designated performance tested method no. 021202. the current method modification includes the optional immunomagnetic separation (ims) to enrich the bacteria as well as optional visual fluorescence readout without the use of a turbidimeter. the modifications were validated against the u.s. department of agriculture/ food safety and inspection service micr ... | 2014 | 25145139 |
| validation of the ansr salmonella method for detection of salmonella spp. in a variety of foods. performance tested method 061203. | this study represents a proposal to extend the matrix claims for the ansr salmonella test, performance tested method 061203. the test is based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction (near) isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. the assay platform features simple instrumentation, minimal labor, and following a single-step 16-24 h enrichment (depending on sample type), an extremely short assay time of 30 min including sample preparation. detection is real-time using fluorescent mo ... | 2014 | 24830155 |
| multiplex taqman® detection of pathogenic and multi-drug resistant salmonella. | overuse of antibiotics in the medical and animal industries is one of the major causes for the development of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) food pathogens that are often difficult to treat. in the past few years, higher incidences of outbreaks caused by mdr salmonella have been increasingly documented. the objective of this study was to develop a rapid multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous detection of pathogenic and mdr salmonella spp. a multiplex taqman®real-t ... | 2013 | 23973830 |
| nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes from rural villages in empangeni, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | accurate nutrient composition data for composite dishes unique to a population is essential for the development of a nutrient database and the calculation of dietary intake. the present study aimed to provide the nutritional composition of composite dishes frequently consumed in rural kwazulu-natal, south africa. | 2013 | 23216447 |
| diet and lifestyle factors associated with fish consumption in men and women: a study of whether gender differences can result in gender-specific confounding. | fish consumption and intake of omega-3 fatty acids from fish are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. however, a prospective study from northern sweden showed that high consumption of fish is associated with an increased risk of stroke in men, but not in women. the current study aimed to determine if fish consumption is differently related to lifestyle in men compared with women in northern sweden. | 2012 | 23210480 |
| comparison of starch and adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase levels in nonembryogenic cells and developing embryos from induced carrot cultures. | cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) in a medium without added 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were separated into fractions of embryos at different stages of development (large globular and heart, torpedo, and germinating) and nonembryogenic cells. the average starch content per cell in these fractions was similar. however, due to the smaller sizes of the cells of the embryos relative to the nonembryogenic cells, starch content per weight of tissue was higher in the embryos. the adp-glucose pyr ... | 1988 | 16665929 |
| dried and free flowing granules of spinacia oleracea accelerate bone regeneration and alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis. | the aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of extract derived from spinacia oleracea extract (soe) in reversing bone loss induced by ovariectomy and bone healing properties in a drill-hole fracture model in rats. | 2017 | 28118295 |
| enzyme-assisted extraction of stabilized chlorophyll from spinach. | zinc complex formation with chlorophyll derivatives in spinach pulp was studied by adding 300ppm zn(2+) for production of stable food colorant, followed by the heating at 110°c for 15min. zinc complex formation increased at ph values of 7.0 or greater. pectinex ultra sp-l was selected for enzyme-assisted release of zinc-chlorophyll derivatives from spinach pulp. effect of enzyme concentration (1-9%), treatment temperature (30-60°c), and time (30-210min) on total chlorophyll content (tcc) were op ... | 2015 | 25624218 |
| interaction of ascorbate with photosystem i. | ascorbate is one of the key participants of the antioxidant defense in plants. in this work, we have investigated the interaction of ascorbate with the chloroplast electron transport chain and isolated photosystem i (psi), using the epr method for monitoring the oxidized centers [formula: see text] and ascorbate free radicals. inhibitor analysis of the light-induced redox transients of p700 in spinach thylakoids has demonstrated that ascorbate efficiently donates electrons to [formula: see text] ... | 2014 | 24965848 |
| crystal structure of cyanoq from the thermophilic cyanobacterium thermosynechococcus elongatus and detection in isolated photosystem ii complexes. | the psbq-like protein, termed cyanoq, found in the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 is thought to bind to the lumenal surface of photosystem ii (psii), helping to shield the mn4cao5 oxygen-evolving cluster. cyanoq is, however, absent from the crystal structures of psii isolated from thermophilic cyanobacteria raising the possibility that the association of cyanoq with psii might not be a conserved feature. here, we show that cyanoq (encoded by tll2057) is indeed expressed in the thermop ... | 2014 | 24838684 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assays for detection of four seedborne spinach pathogens. | to develop multiplex taqman real-time pcr assays for detection of spinach seedborne pathogens that cause economically important diseases on spinach. | 2014 | 24823269 |
| furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from balfourodendron riedelianum as photosynthetic inhibitors in spinach chloroplasts. | in the search for natural inhibitors of plant growth, we investigate the mechanism of action of the natural furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from balfourodendron riedelianum (rutaceae): evolitrine (1), kokusaginine (2), γ-fagarine (3), skimmianine (4) and maculosidine (5) on the photosynthesis light reactions. their effect on the electron transport chain on thylakoids was analyzed. alkaloids 1, 2, 4 and 5 inhibited atp synthesis, basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled electron transport acting as ... | 2013 | 23416711 |
| degradation of psbo by the deg protease hhoa is thioredoxin dependent. | the widely distributed members of the deg/htra protease family play an important role in the proteolysis of misfolded and damaged proteins. here we show that the deg protease rhhoa is able to degrade psbo, the extrinsic protein of the photosystem ii (psii) oxygen-evolving complex in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 and in spinach. psbo is known to be stable in its oxidized form, but after reduction by thioredoxin it became a substrate for recombinant hhoa (rhhoa). rhhoa cleaved reduced eukaryotic (spe ... | 2012 | 23029195 |
| fusion of spinach mesophyll protoplasts with carrot root parenchyma protoplasts and the effect on spinach chloroplasts. | mesophyll protoplasts of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) have been fused, using polyethylene glycol, with root parenchyma protoplasts of carrot (daucus carota l.) to enable studies of spinach chloroplasts in a foreign cytoplasm. after 24 h culture, electron microscopy of the fused protoplasts showed many intact chloroplasts, but some chloroplasts were completely disrupted, showing loss of chloroplast envelope and stroma. spinach protoplasts showed normal chloroplast structure 24 h after peg treat ... | 1984 | 23196088 |
| molecular mechanisms of the resistance to hydrogen peroxide of enzymes involved in the calvin cycle from halotolerant chlamydomonas sp. w80. | cdna clones encoding nadp(+)-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (nadp(+)-gapdh) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (sbpase) were isolated and characterized from halotolerant chlamydomonas sp. w80 (c. w80) cells. the cdna clone for nadp(+)-gapdh encoded 369 amino acid residues, preceded by the chloroplast transit peptide (37 amino acid residues). the cdna clone for sbpase encoded 351 amino acids with the chloroplast transit peptide. the activities of nadp(+)-gapdh and sbpase from c. w80 c ... | 2001 | 11396920 |
| characterization of high molecular weight cadmium species in contaminated vegetable food. | spinach and radish grown from seeds were each contaminated with 4 different amounts of cadmium. after a cell breakdown of the eatable parts and centrifugation of the resulting homogenates all supernatants (cytosols) were separated by gel permeation chromatography (gpc). the size-range of the gpc method used was about 20-8000 kda for globular proteins. the high molecular weight (hmw-cd-sp, 150-700 kda) and the low molecular weight cd species (lmw-cd-sp, < 150 kda) in all plant cytosols eluted at ... | 2013 | 11220593 |
| identification of the maize amyloplast stromal 112-kd protein as a plastidic starch phosphorylase. | amyloplast is the site of starch synthesis in the storage tissue of maize (zea mays). the amyloplast stroma contains an enriched group of proteins when compared with the whole endosperm. proteins with molecular masses of 76 and 85 kd have been identified as starch synthase i and starch branching enzyme iib, respectively. a 112-kd protein was isolated from the stromal fraction by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to tryptic digestion and amino acid sequence a ... | 2001 | 11154342 |
| chimaeric cp47 mutants of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 carrying spinach sequences: construction and function. | chimaeric mutants of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 have been generated carrying part or all of the spinach psbb gene, encoding cp47 (one of the chlorophyll-binding core antenna proteins in photosystem ii). the mutant in which the entire psbb gene had been replaced by the homologous gene from spinach was an obligate photoheterotroph and lacked photosystem ii complexes in its thylakoid membranes. however, this strain could be transformed with plasmids carrying selected regions of s ... | 1996 | 24271295 |
| photoinhibition of photosystem i electron transfer activity in isolated photosystem i preparations with different chlorophyll contents. | photoinhibition of the light-induced photosystem i (ps i) electron transfer activity from the reduced dichlorophenol indophenol to methyl viologen was studied. ps i preparations with chl/p700 ratios of about 180 (ps i-180), 100 (ps i-100) and 40 (ps i(ha)-40) were isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes by the treatments with triton x-100, followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. white light irradiation (1.1 × 10(4)μe m(-2) s(-1)) of ps i-1 ... | 1996 | 24301820 |
| photosynthesis in fescue: i. high rate of electron transport and phosphorylation in chloroplasts of hexaploid plants. | chloroplasts isolated from tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., showed high rates of electron transport, comparable to rates observed for spinach chloroplasts.chloroplasts were well coupled and rates of electron transport from water to methyl viologen (photosystem ii and i) were increased two to five times when adp and inorganic phosphate or methylamine (uncoupler) were added to the reaction mixture. ratios of p:2e for photosystem ii plus i were found to be near 1.2. electron transport rate ... | 1981 | 16661751 |
| spectrophotometric determination of fe3+ and pb2+ in real samples after micelle-mediated extraction. | a cloud-point extraction process using micelle of the cationic surfactant ctab to extract fe3+and pb2+ from aqueous solutions was investigated. the method is based on the color reaction of fe3+and pb2+ with bromopyrogallol red at ph 5.0 and micelle-mediated extraction of the complex. the optimal extraction and reaction conditions (e.g., surfactant concentration, reagent concentration and effect of time) were studied and the analytical characteristics of the method (e.g., limit of detection, line ... | 2011 | 24062039 |
| the novel herbicide oxaziclomefone inhibits cell expansion in maize cell cultures without affecting turgor pressure or wall acidification. | oxaziclomefone [oac; iupac name 3-(1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2h-1,3-oxazin-4-one] is a new herbicide that inhibits cell expansion in grass roots. its effects on cell cultures and mode of action were unknown. in principle, cell expansion could be inhibited by a decrease in either turgor pressure or wall extensibility. cell expansion was estimated as settled cell volume; cell division was estimated by cell counting. membrane permeability to water was measu ... | 2005 | 16219072 |
| light-mediated regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the unicellular cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 6301. | glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) activity from the unicellular cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 6301 shows a short-term regulation by light-dark transitions. the enzyme activity declines down to 30% of the original level after 2 h of dark incubation, and can be fully reactivated within 15 min of re-illumination. the loss of activity is not due to protein degradation, but rather to a reversible change of the enzyme, as deduced from the gs-protein levels determined in dark-incubate ... | 1992 | 24178052 |
| purification and properties of nuclease sp. | single-strand-specific nucleases are a diverse and important group of enzymes that are able to cleave a variety of dna structures present in duplex molecules. nuclease sp, an enzyme from spinach, has been purified to apparent homogeneity, allowing for the unambiguous characterization of a number of its physical properties as well as its dna strand cleavage specificities. the effects of ionic strength, ph, divalent metal cations, and temperature on nuclease sp activity have been examined in detai ... | 1991 | 1655020 |
| purification of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with high specific activity by fast protein liquid chromatography. | a rapid procedure for the purification of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) (ec 4.1.1.39) by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) is described. chloroplasts isolated mechanically from spinach leaves were used as the source of a stromal extract enriched in rubisco. by subsequent fractionation of this extract on ion-exchange fplc, highly purified rubisco (sp act 2.10-2.76 mumol/mg protein x min) was obtained in less than 30 min. the high specific activity and excellen ... | 1986 | 3963387 |
| gibberellin-sensitive suspension cultures. | suspension cultures were incubated in the presence and absence of gibberellic acid (ga(3)) in an attempt to define a new experimental system for study of the molecular action of gibberellins upon growth. unlike many suspension cultures, an auxin-independent green clone from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and an auxin-dependent line of "paul's scarlet" rose (rosa sp.) were promoted in expansion growth by ga(3) at 10(-11) to 10(-6) molar. in rosa the cells also elongated upon ga(3) treatment where ... | 1980 | 16661216 |
| determination of diphenylamine in agricultural products by hplc-fl. | a method for the determination of diphenylamine in agricultural products was developed. diphenylamine was extracted with acetonitrile from a sample under an acidic condition, passed through a c18 cartridge column, re-extracted with n-hexane, cleaned up on a psa cartridge column, determined by hplc with fluorescence detector and confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. average recoveries (n=5) from brown rice, corn, soybeans, potato, cabbage, eggplant, spinach, orange, ap ... | 2016 | 28025454 |
| coumestrol inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by regulating akt, erk1/2, and jnk mapk cell signaling cascades. | coumestrol is the one of the major phytoestrogens which is abundant in soybeans, legumes, brussel sprouts, and spinach. the beneficial effects of coumestrol are well known in various biological processes including; neuroprotective effects on the nervous system, function of the female reproductive system, anti-bacterial properties, and anti-cancer effects. although the anti-tumor activity of coumestrol has been demonstrated for ovarian, breast, lung, and cervical cancers, little is known of its e ... | 2017 | 27431052 |
| plant derived alternatives for hormone replacement therapy (hrt). | abstract hormone replacement therapy (hrt) has undisputable positive effects on climacteric complaints, in the bone and on body weight but also several undesired side effects. therefore, plant-derived alternatives are currently promoted. phytoestrogens - primarily the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and coumestrol, stemming from soy (glycine max) or red clover (trifolium pratense) - were suggested to have the desired but not the undesired effects of estrogens. most recently published placebo-con ... | 2013 | 25436745 |
| [validation study on a multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products by new automatic pretreatment equipment (fasrac) and gc-ms/ms]. | a validation study was performed on a multiresidue method for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products according to the method validation guideline of the ministry of health, labour and welfare of japan. fasrac (food automatic analytical systems for residual agricultural chemicals) automatically performs extraction of pesticide residues from agricultural products with acetonitrile, filtration, constant volume, mixing with the use of air, mixing acetonitrile with buffer solven ... | 2014 | 25743385 |
| structural profiling and quantitation of glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides in plants with fourier transform mass spectrometry. | glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (gipc) are the main sphingolipids in plants, and optimization of their extraction and detection is still in the focus of research. mass spectrometry provides new options for the analysis and structural elucidation of this complex class of lipids. the coupling of linear ion trap and orbitrap (ltq orbitrap) enabled various fragmentation experiments (ms(2), ms(3)) by collision-induced dissociation (cid) and pulsed-q dissociation (pqd). for structural analysis, gip ... | 2013 | 23573790 |
| optimization of a multi-residue screening method for the determination of 85 pesticides in selected food matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption gc-ms. | a multi-residue method to determine 85 pesticides, including organochlorine pesticides, carbamates, organophosphorus pesticides, and pyrethroids, in vegetables, fruit, and green tea, has been developed. the method is based on stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse) coupled to thermal desorption (td) and retention time locked (rtl) gc-ms operating in the scan mode. samples are extracted with methanol and diluted with water prior to sbse. dilution of the methanol extract before sbse was optimized to o ... | 2005 | 16013835 |