| pathogenesis of acne. | acne vulgaris is a skin disorder of the sebaceous follicles that commonly occurs in adolescence and in young adulthood. the major pathogenic factors involved are hyperkeratinization, obstruction of sebaceous follicles resulting from abnormal keratinization of the infundibular epithelium, stimulation of sebaceous gland secretion by androgens, and microbial colonization of pilosebaceous units by propionibacterium acnes, which promotes perifollicular inflammation. the clinical presentation of acne ... | 2001 | 11479771 |
| antibacterial properties of electron beam-sterilized gutta-percha cones. | the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of electron beam sterilization on gutta-percha cones (gpcs) at different times after sterilization. an agar diffusion test was used with -one aerobic bacterium (bacillus subtilis) and five oral anaerobic bacteria (fusobacterium nucleatum, peptostreptococcus micros, porphyromonas gingivalis, propionibacterium acnes, and veillonella parvula). with each microorganism 30 agar plates were prepared, evenly distributed among three groups (group 1: un ... | 2001 | 11487145 |
| cd8- dendritic cell activation status plays an integral role in influencing th2 response development. | whether dendritic cells (dc) play a passive or active role in th2 response induction is poorly understood. in this study, we show that cd8- dc pulsed with th2-polarizing ag (soluble egg ag (sea)) from schistosoma mansoni potently stimulate th2 responses in vivo and in vitro while failing to undergo a conventional maturation process. thus, in contrast to dc pulsed with the th1 response inducing ag propionebacterium acnes, sea-exposed dc exhibit a phenotype that is most similar to that of immature ... | 2001 | 11489979 |
| seroma prevention by using corynebacterium parvum in a rat mastectomy model. | seroma formation is the most common complication after mastectomy and continues to be an important problem during the early postoperative period. several surgical and medical methods have been developed to try to overcome this problem; however, so far none have been used successfully in the routine clinical practice. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of corynebacterium parvum (cp) as a sclerosing agent in both prevention and treatment of seromas after mastectomy and axillary disse ... | 2001 | 11490129 |
| diagnosis and management of chronic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children. | to describe the history, symptoms, and clinical signs and discuss the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. | 2001 | 11495307 |
| malp-2, a mycoplasma lipopeptide with classical endotoxic properties: end of an era of lps monopoly? | although some activities of lps are shared by other bacterial components, for half a century lps has been regarded as unique in displaying many pathophysiological activities. here we report on a synthetic lipopeptide, malp-2 from mycoplasma fermentans, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and whose lethal toxicity is comparable to that of lps. with the exception of the limulus lysate gelation test, in which malp-2 was approximately 1000-fold less active than lps, the synthetic lipopept ... | 2000 | 11521073 |
| tnf-alpha hyper-responses to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in propionibacterium acnes primed or salmonella typhimurium infected mice. | ifn-gamma-dependent hypersensitivity to lps is inducible in mice by infection or pre-treatment with killed bacteria. hypersensitive mice exhibit enhanced inflammatory responses to lps, including the overproduction of tnf-alpha. using lps(n) balb/c and lps(d) balb/c/l mice, primed with propionibacterium acnes or infected with salmonella typhimurium, we show that concurrently to hypersensitivity to lps, a hypersensitivity to other constituents of killed gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria and ... | 2001 | 11521096 |
| focal intracranial infections due to propionibacterium acnes: report of three cases. | except for its role in shunt infections, propionibacterium acnes has been of little interest to neurosurgeons. the rarity and indolent nature of focal intracranial infections by p. acnes limit their recognition. three cases of serious intracranial infection due to this organism are described. clincal presentation: three patients with histories of immunosuppression and neurosurgical procedures developed nonspecific, delayed presentations (5 wk to 5 yr after surgery) of intracranial infections. in ... | 2001 | 11523684 |
| a clinical and therapeutic study of 29 patients with infantile acne. | infantile acne is a relatively uncommon condition; there are few data in the literature on the optimum treatment for this disorder. | 2001 | 11531837 |
| delayed infections after posterior tsrh spinal instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis: revisited. | to determine the incidence of delayed infections in idiopathic scoliosis treated with tsrh instrumentation, proper wound management after instrumentation removal, and whether the previously identified bacterial trend remains consistent. | 2001 | 11547197 |
| presence of propionibacterium acnes in blood components. | sterility testing, as part of the qc of blood components at the japanese red cross aichi blood center between april 1998 and march 2000, showed that 10 of 5568 tested blood components (0.18%), all of which were rbc concentrates, were contaminated with bacteria. nine isolates were propionibacterium acnes and one was staphylococcus capitis. | 2001 | 11552069 |
| inflammatory liver disease shortens atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in rats. | and objective inflammatory liver dysfunction in rats leads to a prolonged vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade due to insufficient metabolism. a coexisting resistance against the drug partly counteracts this prolongation. the present study investigates the pharmacodynamics of atracurium whose metabolism does not depend on liver function. | 2001 | 11553255 |
| propionibacterium acnes: an indigenous bacterium may be pathogenic in several cutaneous disease states. | | 2001 | 11559229 |
| shunt nephritis from propionibacterium acnes in a solitary kidney. | since its initial description in 1965, immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with ventriculoatrial shunts (vas) has been reported widely in the literature. the most common incriminating organism is staphylococcus epidermidis, but less often, an organism generally regarded as nonpathogenic, such as propionibacterium acnes, has been noted as the cause. shunt infection usually occurs within a few months after placement or manipulation of the shunt, and shunt nephritis (sn) develops gradually ... | 2001 | 11576905 |
| susceptibilities of propionibacterium acnes ophthalmic isolates to moxifloxacin. | | 2001 | 11583007 |
| the evolving role of propionibacterium acnes in acne. | propionibacterium acnes is a member of the resident cutaneous flora. sebaceous follicles involved in acne are characterized by the accumulation of abnormally desquamated corneocytes and excess sebum-the microcomedo. this environment provides ideal growth conditions for p acnes. several orders of magnitude level of p acnes are found in microcomedos. p acnes produces a variety of chemotactic factors and proinflammatory molecules that are responsible for the inflammatory phase of acne. antibiotic t ... | 2001 | 11594668 |
| modulation of cytokine responses in corynebacterium parvum-primed endotoxemic mice by centrally administered cannabinoid ligands. | the cannabinoid receptor agonists [(-)-11-hydoxy-delta(8)tetrahydrocannabinol-dimethylheptyl] (hu-210) and [(r)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl[pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthalenyl) methanone] (win 55212-2) were previously shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12) and to upregulate antiinflammatory interleukin-10 when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice before an endotoxin challenge. cytokine modulat ... | 2001 | 11672577 |
| protein tyrosine nitration in mouse peritoneal macrophages activated in vitro and in vivo: evidence against an essential role of peroxynitrite. | tyrosine nitration is considered a key reaction of peroxynitrite-triggered tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. we investigated the potential involvement of peroxynitrite in protein tyrosine nitration in isolated murine peritoneal macrophages activated either in vitro with interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide or in vivo by priming mice with corynebacterium parvum (10 mgxkg-1). both protocols led to release of no and accumulation of nitrite accompanied by formation of protein-bound 3-nitrotyros ... | 2001 | 11689461 |
| granulomatous colitis associated with botryomycosis of propionibacterium acnes. | propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus, is a common inhabitant of the skin, and its virulence is considered to be low in humans. this report describes an unusual case of granulomatous colitis associated with p acnes infection in a 46-year-old woman. the affected cecum exhibited a tumor histologically characterized by massive transmural infiltrates of small lymphocytes and noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. botryomycotic ... | 2001 | 11698011 |
| il-18-binding protein protects against lipopolysaccharide- induced lethality and prevents the development of fas/fas ligand-mediated models of liver disease in mice. | il-18-binding protein (il-18bp) is a natural il-18 inhibitor. human il-18bp isoform a was produced as fusion construct with human igg1 fc and assessed for binding and neutralizing il-18. il-18bp-fc binds human, mouse, and rat il-18 with high affinity (k(d) 0.3-5 nm) in a biacore-based assay. in vitro, il-18bp-fc blocks il-18 (100 ng/ml)-induced ifn-gamma production by kg1 cells (ec(50) = 0.3 microg/ml). in mice challenged with an ld(90) of lps (15 mg/kg), il-18bp-fc (5 mg/kg) administered 10 min ... | 2001 | 11698468 |
| erythromycin-resistance of cutaneous bacterial flora in acne. | some studies have raised the problem of an increase of bacterial resistance in acne patients. this study was carried out in france, where no previous studies about resistance to erythromycin has been performed, on 40 patients with mild to moderately severe acne. microbiological samples were obtained by using williamson and kligman method. this study showed that the prevalence of bacterial resistance to erythromycin was 95% for staphylococcus epidermidis strains and 52% for propionibacterium acne ... | 2001 | 11701406 |
| is acne an infection of blocked pilosebaceous follicles? implications for antimicrobial treatment. | a model is proposed which is based on the assumption that acne is due to infection of functionally blocked pilosebaceous follicles by propionibacteria. noninflamed lesions, which are first visible during the adrenarche in acne-prone individuals, do not contain propionibacteria. comedogenesis appears to be independent of bacterial infection and may be driven by high levels of bioactive interleukin-1 alpha derived from ductal hyperkeratinocytes. the stimulus which triggers interleukin-1 alpha prod ... | 2000 | 11702364 |
| optimal management of acne to prevent scarring and psychological sequelae. | acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory dermatoses and is seen in both the hospital setting and in general practice. multiple factors are involved in the pathophysiology of acne, including: an alteration in the pattern of keratinization within the pilosebaceous follicles resulting in comedone formation; an increase in sebum production which is influenced by androgens; the proliferation of propionibacterium acnes; and the production of perifollicular inflammation. genetic and hormona ... | 2001 | 11705090 |
| the combination formulation of clindamycin 1% plus benzoyl peroxide 5% versus 3 different formulations of topical clindamycin alone in the reduction of propionibacterium acnes. an in vivo comparative study. | isolates of propionibacterium acnes resistant to one or more anti-acne antibiotics (most commonly erythromycin) are being increasingly reported, and the emergence of resistant strains can be associated with therapeutic failure of topical treatment. | 2001 | 11705253 |
| differences in innate defense mechanisms in endotoxemia and polymicrobial septic peritonitis. | loss, reduction, or enhancement of the ability to respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) has no influence on survival of mice in a model of postoperative polymicrobial septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (clp). this was demonstrated by using either mice with a defective tlr4 gene, which encodes the critical receptor molecule for lps responses, or mice deficient for lps binding protein (lbp) or mice sensitized to lps by propionibacterium acnes. though interleukin-12 ( ... | 2001 | 11705897 |
| microwave-assisted preparation of cyclic ketals from a cineole ketone as potential cosmetic ingredients: solvent-free synthesis, odour evaluation, in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays. | some cyclic ketals derived from (+)1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-one were obtained in excellent yields by microwave activation under solvent-free conditions, as a 'green chemistry' procedure. the results obtained using acidic alumina containing 7% p-toluenesulfonic acid, as mineral support, are reported and compared with those obtained by classical methods. the new compounds were tested for their olfactive character and for a potential cosmetic use. in vitro skin cytotoxicity tests ... | 2002 | 11719009 |
| is acne vulgaris a genuine inflammatory disease? | | 2001 | 11752811 |
| [mechanisms behind the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria]. | bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing threat to the successful treatment of hospital and community-acquired infections. | 2001 | 11757446 |
| quantitative analysis of mycobacterial and propionibacterial dna in lymph nodes of japanese and european patients with sarcoidosis. | the cause(s) of sarcoidosis is unknown. mycobacterium spp. are suspected in europe and propionibacterium spp. are suspected in japan. the present international collaboration evaluated the possible etiological links between sarcoidosis and the suspected bacterial species. formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of biopsy samples of lymph nodes, one from each of 108 patients with sarcoidosis and 65 patients with tuberculosis, together with 86 control samples, were collected from two institut ... | 2002 | 11773116 |
| anaerobic thyroid abscess from a thyroid cyst after fine-needle aspiration. | anaerobic abscess formation within a thyroid cyst is rare but still possible, although aerobic thyroid abscess formation in the thyroid gland after fine-needle aspiration (fna) has been observed in immunocompromised patients. | 2002 | 11774407 |
| cutting edge: th2 response induction by dendritic cells: a role for cd40. | we investigated the influence of dendritic cell (dc) cd40 expression on th2 and th1 development by in vivo transfer of ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived dc generated from wild-type (wt) or cd40(-/-) mice. contrary to expectation, cd40(-/-) dc primed with ag that inherently induce a th2 response (soluble egg ag from schistosoma mansoni) failed to induce a th2 response or any compensatory th1 response, whereas cd40(-/-)dc primed with ag that inherently induce a th1 response (propionibacterium acnes) g ... | 2002 | 11777943 |
| the application of controlled intracranial hypertension in slit ventricle syndrome patients with obstructive hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction. | when a shunted patient with slit-ventricle syndrome (svs) presents with a shunt malfunction or infection, the third ventricle may not be of sufficient caliber, despite the shunt malfunction, to allow atraumatic passage of an endoscope to the floor of the third ventricle. we describe four slit ventricle syndrome patients with respectively 24, 12, 18 and 2 prior shunt revisions who presented with shunt infection. in each patient the shunt was externalized and controlled intracranial hypertension ( ... | 2001 | 11786698 |
| the microbiology of mucopyocele. | to evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of mucopyocele. | 2001 | 11801943 |
| the effect of benzoyl peroxide and benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin combination on the antioxidative defence system in papulopustular acne. | acne vulgaris is a common, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous duct. propionibacterium acnes proliferated in sebum, produces chemotactic factors followed by phagocytosis and this process results in the production of reactive oxygen species which contribute to the inflammatory reaction in papulopustular type acne. benzoyl peroxide (bp) and bp combination with erythromycin (bp/e) are effective topical medications for the treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris. in the present study, the ... | 2002 | 11809596 |
| ccr5 gene expression in fulminant hepatitis and dth in mice. | aim:to isolate mouse ccr5 cdna (muccr5) and study its expression in vivo.methods: marathon pcr was used to isolate muccr5 cdna and two animal models were designed to investigate the gene expression in vivo, one was mouse fulminant hepatitis induced by propionibacterium acnes (p.acnes) and the other was that with delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (dth). a specific gst-nh2-terminus of muccr5 fusion protein antibody f(ab')(2) was prepared and clarified. rt-pcr and immunohistochemical analysis ... | 1998 | 11819219 |
| propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis in ahmed glaucoma valve. | to report a case of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis in a patient with an ahmed glaucoma valve. | 2001 | 11820313 |
| propionibacterium acnes chest infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease: case reports. | antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) has decreased the prevalence of infections, but uncommon microorganisms are being observed more frequently. propionibacterium acnes, a saprophyte of the skin, is generally not involved in infections other than acne. two cases of p. acnes extracutaneous infections in teenagers with cgd are reported. | 2002 | 11830798 |
| the integral role of topical and oral retinoids in the early treatment of acne. | this article will review the rationale for early use of topical retinoids alone or in combination with topical antimicrobials in light of the pathogenesis of microcomedones and later lesions. knowledge of the pathogenic processes in acne vulgaris has risen dramatically over the last three decades. it is now widely accepted that acne is the result of four distinct processes: increased proliferation, cornification, and shedding of follicular epithelium; increased sebum production; colonization of ... | 2001 | 11843233 |
| current issues in antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of acne. | this review summarizes current information regarding the use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of patients with inflammatory acne. a number of drugs have been used effectively as topical or systemic therapy, often in combination with benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid. propionibacterium acnes exhibits high in vitro sensitivity to a wide range of antimicrobials, including ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, nadifloxacin, ofloxacin, minocycline, cephalexin, and ge ... | 2001 | 11843235 |
| levels of antibody to staphylococcus epidermidis in patients with acne vulgaris. | sera from 23 patients with acne vulgaris of varying degrees and sera from 15 patients with skin diseases other than acne were tested for antibody levels to staphylococcus epidermidis by use of bacterial agglutination and agar-gel immunodiffusion. antibody levels to s epidermidis varied from 0 to 1:160 in both the patients with acne and in the control groups. there was no correlation between the antibody level to s epidermidis and the degree of acne. in a previous investigation it was found that ... | 1965 | 11850964 |
| effects of instrumentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infection in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of microorganisms in root canals of teeth with infected pulps and periapical bone lesions with and without the use of calcium hydroxide medication. | 2002 | 11858203 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin compared to seven other oral antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | using a microbroth method for aerobes and agar dilution for anaerobes, we studied the comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, three fluoroquinolones, two macrolides and two beta-lactams, against 207 aerobic and 162 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates. gemifloxacin was active at < or = 0.25 ug/ml against 198/207 [96%] aerobes and 127/162 [78%] anaerobes or 325/369 [88%] of all isolates and was the most active quinolone on a weight basis against gram-positive organisms. all haemophilus ... | 2002 | 11858906 |
| clinical spectrum of infections due to propionibacterium acnes. | | 1998 | 11864233 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of t-3912, a novel non-fluorinated topical quinolone. | the in vitro and in vivo activity of t-3912, a novel non-fluorinated topical quinolone, was compared with that of nadifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and gentamicin. the in vitro activity of t-3912 against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, ofloxacin-resistant and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, ofloxacin-resistant s. epidermidis, penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and propionibacterium acnes was four-fold to 16 000 ... | 2002 | 11864945 |
| lymecycline and minocycline in inflammatory acne: a randomized, double-blind intent-to-treat study on clinical and in vivo antibacterial efficacy. | some antibiotics represent a mainstay in acne treatment. however, studies comparing their efficacies are rare. | 2002 | 11867968 |
| ventricular patch endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes: advantages of gallium scanning. | propionibacterium acnes is a weakly pathogenic commensal of the skin. when isolated from blood cultures it is often considered a contaminant. however, p. acnes may be responsible for severe infections and its role in certain cases of infectious endocarditis has now been definitely established.(1) we report a case of endocarditis due to p. acnes stemming from a ventricular patch and revealed by a gallium 67 scan. | 2001 | 11869063 |
| expression and role of cd14 in mice sensitized to lipopolysaccharide by propionibacterium acnes. | propionibacterium acnes-primed mice develop an ifn-gamma-dependent hypersensitivity towards lps. since cd14 plays a key role in lps-induced cell activation the regulation and function of cd14 in this sensitization process were studied in ifn-gamma r-/- and the respective wild-type (wt) mice. in unprimed mice, cd14 (mrna and protein) was either absent (liver) or only weakly expressed in organs (spleen, lung) and in plasma. priming with p. acnes led to a moderate, mainly ifn-gamma-dependent up-reg ... | 2002 | 11870620 |
| toxicity of australian essential oil backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle). part 1. antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. | the antimicrobial and toxicological properties of the australian essential oil, lemon myrtle, (backhousia citriodora) were investigated. lemon myrtle oil was shown to possess significant antimicrobial activity against the organisms staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), aspergillus niger, klebsiella pneumoniae and propionibacterium acnes comparable to its major component-citral. an in vitro toxicological study ba ... | 2002 | 11893412 |
| meningitis and shunt infection caused by anaerobic bacteria in children. | this review describes the microbiology and management of meningitis and shunt infections caused by anaerobic bacteria in children. the predominant anaerobes recovered in meningitis are bacteriodes spp., bacteriodes fragilis, fusobacterium spp., and clostridium spp. peptostreptococcus, veillonella, actinomyces, propionibacterium acnes, and eubacterium are less commonly isolated. the predisposing conditions for meningitis are acute or chronic middle-ear infection, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pulmo ... | 2002 | 11897473 |
| propionibacterium acnes and inflammation in acne; p. acnes has t-cell mitogenic activity. | circumstantial evidence suggests that propionibacterium acnes has a role in the inflammation of acne. this could be effected by antigenic or superantigenic or mitogenic reactions. | 2002 | 11903228 |
| sinusoidal endothelial cell injury by superoxide anion and iron in the propionibacterium acnes-pretreated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat liver. | we attempted to measure the generation of superoxide anion, examine its site of release and determine its pathological role in propionibacterium acnes-lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in the rat. | 2001 | 11903887 |
| the resistance of p. acnes--primed interferon gamma-deficient mice to low-dose lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury. | endotoxin has been identified as a principal mediator of sepsis, often with resulting multiple organ failure. although interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) has a central role in controlling bacterial infection through the activation of macrophages and t lymphocytes, it can also enhance the harmful effects of the inflammatory response. to examine the role of ifn-gamma in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced injury, we administered lps (20 or 800 microg/mouse) alone or as low-dose lps (20 microg/mouse) 7 days ... | 2002 | 11915026 |
| effect of lipase activities of propionibacterium granulosum and propionibacterium acnes. | we studied the lipase activities of propionibacterium granulosum, p. acnes and the suppression of these activities by jumi-haidoku-to (jht). lipase activity of p. acnes biotype iii (biii) was strongest, while that of p. granulosum was faintly expressed. compared with the control medium, the production of propionic and butyric acids was suppressed by all the tested mediums combined with jht. the decrease in these acids produced by jht was significantly higher in p. granulosum than in p. acnes. al ... | 2001 | 11951573 |
| bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. | to determine the incidence of bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens (iol) implantation. | 2002 | 11978463 |
| focal intracranial infections due to propionibacterium acnes: report of three cases. | | 2002 | 11987282 |
| enumeration of viable anaerobic bacteria by solid phase cytometry under aerobic conditions. | classical enumeration methods for anaerobes are time-consuming and require special conditions. solid phase cytometry (spc) is a recent laser scanning technique for the quantitative detection of fluorescently labelled bacteria on a membrane filter that eliminates the need for a growth phase. fluorescent labelling of cells results from the cleavage by intracellular esterases of a fluorescein type ester to yield a free fluorescein derivative, which is retained only in cells with an intact cytoplasm ... | 2002 | 11997163 |
| pivotal role of dendritic cell-derived cxcl10 in the retention of t helper cell 1 lymphocytes in secondary lymph nodes. | various immune diseases are considered to be regulated by the balance of t helper (th)1 and th2 subsets. although th lymphocytes are believed to be generated in draining lymph nodes (lns), in vivo th cell behaviors during th1/th2 polarization are largely unexplored. using a murine granulomatous liver disease model induced by propionibacterium acnes, we show that retention of th1 cells in the lns is controlled by a chemokine, cxcl10/interferon (ifn) inducible protein 10 produced by mature dendrit ... | 2002 | 12021306 |
| induction of macrophage-inflammatory protein-3alpha gene expression by tnf-dependent nf-kappab activation. | macrophage-inflammatory protein-3alpha (mip-3alpha), also designated as liver and activation-regulated chemokine (larc), exodus, or ccl20, is a recently identified cc chemokine that is expected to play a crucial role in the initiation of immune responses. in this study, we describe that mip-3alpha expression is under the direct control of nf-kappab, a key transcription factor of immune and inflammatory responses. overexpression of the p65/rela subunit of nf-kappab significantly increased the mip ... | 2002 | 12023359 |
| prevalent bacterial species and novel phylotypes in advanced noma lesions. | the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in advanced noma lesions using culture-independent molecular methods. 16s ribosomal dna bacterial genes from dna isolated from advanced noma lesions of four nigerian children were pcr amplified with universally conserved primers and spirochetal selective primers and cloned into escherichia coli. partial 16s rrna sequences of approximately 500 bases from 212 cloned inserts were used initially to determine species identity or close ... | 2002 | 12037085 |
| looking back to the future--acne. | | 2002 | 12037442 |
| [mechanisms and causes of acne]. | three pathogenic factors are closely involved in the mechanism of acne with a sequence beginning with seborrhea, then sebum retention, and finally inflammation. the sebaceous gland is a target of androgens. acne may be related to an excessive sensitivity of sebaceous end-organs to androgens. however, in women, an ovarian or adrenal hyperandrogenism may be implicated. the cause of sebum retention is the hyperkeratinisation of the infra infundibulum of the sebaceous duct. many factors, particularl ... | 2002 | 12053788 |
| [general antibiotic therapy in acne]. | the primary indication for systemic antibiotics is acute therapy for moderate-to-severe inflammatory acne. the preferred agents include tetracyclines and derivatives; macrolides, co-trimoxazole, and trimethoprim may represent acceptable alternatives. antibiotics act mainly on inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) and are only slightly comedolytic. oral antibiotics reduce the number of propionibacterium acnes. in addition, they have an anti-inflammatory activity. the side effects associated ... | 2002 | 12053791 |
| ifngamma and tnfalpha account for a pro-clonogenic activity secreted by activated murine peritoneal macrophages. | in the present study, we found that murine peritoneal macrophages elicited by bcg or listeria monocytogenes release into the media an activity capable of stimulating the lung colonization as well as the expression of mhc class i antigens in b16 melanoma cells. a similar activity has previously been found in media conditioned by corynebacterium parvum-elicited macrophages. analysis by gel filtration chromatography of media conditioned by corynebacterium parvum-, bcg- or listeria monocytogenes-eli ... | 2002 | 12067206 |
| clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel: a review of its use in the management of acne. | clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of acne vulgaris through both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory means. benzoyl peroxide may exert its antibacterial activity by the interaction of oxidized intermediates with elements of bacterial cells. clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunits causing inhibition of peptide-bond formation. benzoyl peroxide decreases inflammatory damage by inhibiting the release ... | 2002 | 12069641 |
| effects of roxithromycin on the production of lipase and neutrophil chemotactic factor by propionibacterium acnes. | the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin is effective against acne associated with inflammation, but the mechanism by which this is achieved has not been clarified. | 2002 | 12077521 |
| levofloxacin is effective for inflammatory acne and achieves high levels in the lesions: an open study. | | 2002 | 12077528 |
| effect of topical benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin versus topical clindamycin and vehicle in the reduction of propionibacterium acnes. | propionibacterium acnes is one of the primary factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris; proliferation of this bacteria is present in all patients with inflammatory lesions. combination topical therapy with agents that have different but complementary antimicrobial mechanisms of action has the potential to increase efficacy and to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms. the onset of action and effectiveness of 3 topical preparations (benzoyl peroxide 5%/clindamycin phosphate 1% ... | 2002 | 12078851 |
| propionibacterium acnes-induced il-8 production may be mediated by nf-kappab activation in human monocytes. | propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) causes an inflammatory acne that is characterized by massive neutrophilic infiltration. il-8 is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of p. acnes, although the mechanisms by which p. acnes up-regulates the release of il-8, a neutrophilic chemokine, from target cells is not well understood. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which heat-killed p. acnes induces il-8 production in thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line). we f ... | 2002 | 12088610 |
| activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. | one of the factors that contributes to the pathogenesis of acne is propionibacterium acnes; yet, the molecular mechanism by which p. acnes induces inflammation is not known. recent studies have demonstrated that microbial agents trigger cytokine responses via toll-like receptors (tlrs). we investigated whether tlr2 mediates p. acnes-induced cytokine production in acne. transfection of tlr2 into a nonresponsive cell line was sufficient for nf-kappa b activation in response to p. acnes. in additio ... | 2002 | 12133981 |
| [postoperative subdural empyema due to propionibacterium acnes]. | propionibacterium acnes are gram-positive pleomorphic rods that grow under an anaerobic condition. they are the most frequent inhabitants of sebaceous glands of skin, hair follicles, mouth, upper respiratory tract, and as a frequent contaminant in laboratory cultures. propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated but significant cause of postneurosurgical infection, especially in the presence of foreign bodies such as shunt systems. we present a rare case with a postoperative subdural empyema in ... | 2002 | 12134669 |
| distribution of rabies virus in infected mice, vaccinated and submitted to p. acnes as immunomodulator. | the lethality and distribution of rabies virus were evaluated in swiss mice experimentally infected with street rabies virus, vaccinated and submitted to immunomodulation by p .acnes (formerly corynebacterium parvum). the animals were sacrificed at different times,when the different tissues were collected and submitted to fluorescent antibody test (fat) and mouse inoculation test (mit). the group submitted to vaccination and p. acnes treatment presented a percentage of survival superior to that ... | 2002 | 12135238 |
| evaluation of a new generation of culture bottle using an automated bacterial culture system for detecting nine common contaminating organisms found in platelet components. | an automated bacterial culture system (bact/alert 3d, biomérieux) has been previously validated with a variety of bacteria in platelets. the recovery of bacteria in platelets using a new generation of culture bottles that do not require venting and that use a liquid emulsion sensor was studied. | 2002 | 12147032 |
| mediastinitis after cardiac surgery: improvement of bacteriological diagnosis by use of multiple tissue samples and strain typing. | the diagnosis of postsurgical mediastinitis (psm) among patients with sternal wound complication (swc) after cardiac surgery is sometimes difficult, as fever, elevated c-reactive protein levels, and chest pain can be caused by a general inflammatory reaction to the operative trauma and/or sternal dehiscence without infection. the definitions of psm usually used emphasize clinical signs and symptoms easily observed by the surgeon. the aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of standar ... | 2002 | 12149355 |
| plasmid-borne macrolide resistance in micrococcus luteus. | a plasmid designated pmec2 which confers resistance to erythromycin, other macrolides, and lincomycin was detected in micrococcus luteus strain maw843 isolated from human skin. curing of this approximately 4.2 kb plasmid from the host organism resulted in erythromycin sensitivity of the strain. introduction of pmec2 into a different m. luteus strain conferred erythromycin resistance upon this strain. macrolide resistance in m. luteus maw843 was an inducible trait. induction occurred at subinhibi ... | 2002 | 12177341 |
| a randomized, double-blind comparison of a clindamycin phosphate/benzoyl peroxide gel formulation and a matching clindamycin gel with respect to microbiologic activity and clinical efficacy in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. | one approach to suppressing the overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is to develop combination products composed of active constituents with complementary but distinct mechanisms of antibacterial action. | 2002 | 12182256 |
| the antibacterial activity of topical retinoids: the case of retinaldehyde. | retinoids such as retinoic acid (ra), retinol (rol) and retinaldehyde (ral) are currently used in many formulations and indications ranging form acne to skin aging. most if not all their pharmacological activities occur through binding to nuclear receptors with subsequent modulation of the activities of several genes. little attention has been given to the many other potential actions on the surface of the skin. | 2002 | 12218231 |
| [doxycycline]. | doxycyclin is a semi-synthetic structural isomer of the tetracycline family. it exhibits good intra-cellular penetration, with bacteriostatic activity on many bacteria. different types or bacterial resistance are known. acquired resistance has a ribosomal or a plasmidic mechanism. resistance of propionibacterium acnes is secondary to a mutation of arnr. doxycyclin also has an anti-inflammatory activity, via numerous pathways. doxycyclin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed by the digestive ... | 2002 | 12218915 |
| [therapeutic strategy in delayed postoperative endophtalmitis: a report on 15 cases]. | to report the treatment strategies and visual acuity outcomes of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. | 2002 | 12223947 |
| systemic antibiotic therapy for acne: a review. | acne is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit in the skin. four contributing pathogenic factors need to be elucidated and include excess sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization of the pilosebaceous unit by propionibacterium acnes, which is a gram positive anaerobic diphtheroid, and the release of inflammatory mediators into the follicle and dermis. one or more of these factors are targeted by each of the systemic therapies for this disease and its variant, inc ... | 2002 | 12223979 |
| comparative efficacy of clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide for in vivo suppression of propionibacterium acnes. | benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin are the two most widely prescribed topical antimicrobials in the treatment of acne. | 2002 | 12227872 |
| beneficial or deleterious effects of a preexisting hypersensitivity to bacterial components on the course and outcome of infection. | priming with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes enhances the sensitivity of mice to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and other biologically active bacterial components. we show that p. acnes priming has protective and deleterious effects on a subsequent serovar typhimurium infection. it may result in a complete protection or prolonged survival, or it may accelerate mortality of the infected mice, depending on the number of serovar typhimurium bacteria administered and on the degree of lps hypersensitiv ... | 2002 | 12228287 |
| [etiology of sarcoidosis]. | the cause(s) of sarcoidosis is unknown. sarcoidosis seems to result from exposure of a genetically susceptible subject to a specific environmental antigen(s). from biopsy samples of lymph nodes from patients with sarcoidosis, propionibacterium acnes has been isolated in culture, and many genomes of p.acnes or p.granulosum have been detected by quantitative pcr. antigen-specific mitogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced in sarcoidosis patients but not in healthy contr ... | 2002 | 12233062 |
| [epithelioid cell granuloma in sarcoidosis: light and electron microscopic morphology]. | light and electron microscopic features of epithelioid cell granuloma in sarcoidosis were presented, focusing on the lymph node and the lung which are mostly involved. the distribution of granulomas is frequently conglomerated with occasionally central necrosis. hamazaki-wesenberg body in lymph node is considered to be closely associated with propionibacterium acnes. granuloma is encircled by reticulin fibers and collagen fibers within the granuloma are detected in electron microscopy. granuloma ... | 2002 | 12233064 |
| [cutaneous effects in hormonal contraception]. | oral contraceptives (ocs) can affect the skin through their hormonal effects or through iatrogenic effects associated with their toxicity in certain individuals. they may also be beneficial in certain androgen-dependent dermatoses. toxic effects of ocs are rare but potentially serious; they should be diagnosed early and require permanent termination of oc use. the clinical manifestations are variable and not specific to the medication. the most frequently reported manifestations are allergic ... | 1985 | 12281276 |
| [a case of sapho syndrome with paraplegia due to a thoracic kyphosis]. | a 63-year-old man visited our hospital in january 1993 because of back pain, which had been present for a year and persisted. the patient was diagnosed compression fracture of thoracic spine by another hospital. thoracic plain radiographs revealed destructive and sclerotic changes with reduction of height of t 8, t 9 vertebral body. he had kyphosis on this level. radiographs of the chest revealed hyperostosis of bilateral proximal clavicle. we diagnosed sapho syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustlosis ... | 2002 | 12355864 |
| a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group study to compare relative efficacies of the topical gels 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4% in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris of the face. | combination treatments for acne vulgaris, such as benzamycin (3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide) and stievamycin (0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%), reduce bacterial growth, which contributes to the inflammatory lesions typical of adolescent acne, and also decrease the epidermal cell compaction which may form the characteristic noninflammatory comedone. both agents contain erythromycin to reduce the growth of propionibacterium acnes in skin. benzoyl peroxide has antibiotic activity as well as ... | 2003 | 12362264 |
| endocarditis due to anaerobic bacteria. | this review describes the microbiology, diagnosis and management of endocarditis due to anaerobic bacteria. anaerobic bacteria are an uncommon but important cause of endocarditis. most cases of anaerobic endocarditis are caused by anaerobic cocci, propionibacterium acnes and bacteroides fragilis group. predisposing factors and signs and symptoms of endocarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria are similar to those seen in endocarditis with facultative anaerobic bacteria with the following exceptions ... | 2002 | 12373039 |
| [infectious endocarditis due to propionibacterium acnes on a mechanical heart valve and cardiac stimulator electrode]. | | 2002 | 12378976 |
| evaluation of the 3d bact/alert automated culture system for the detection of microbial contamination of platelet concentrates. | bacterial transmission remains the major component of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion-transmitted infections. platelet concentrates are the most common cause of bacterial transmission. the bact/alert 3d automated blood culture system has the potential to screen platelet concentrates for the presence of bacteria. evaluation of this system was performed by spiking day 2 apheresis platelet units with individual bacterial isolates at final concentrations of 10 and 100 colony-form ... | 2002 | 12383336 |
| inhibition of lipase activity in antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes strains. | erythromycin-sensitive and/or clindamycin-sensitive strains of propionibacterium acnes show a reduced lipase production at levels below the minimal growth-inhibitory concentration (mic). the objective of this study was to determine whether erythromycin and clindamycin concentrations far below the mic inhibit lipase production in p. acnes strains resistant to these antibiotics. | 2002 | 12399674 |
| ocular surface inflammation induced by propionibacterium acnes. | in the eye, is commonly isolated in the lid, conjunctiva, and meibomian gland secretion. well known as a causative bacterium of granulomatous endophthalmitis and a potent inflammatory stimulus, reportedly induces a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response and forms granulomas in the liver and lung in animal models. in this study, we examined whether can induce a dth response in the cornea. | 2002 | 12410043 |
| acne phototherapy with a high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source: an open study and in vitro investigation. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of phototherapy with a newly-developed high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source in patients with mild to moderate acne. an open study was performed in acne patients who were treated twice a week up to 5 weeks. acne lesions were reduced by 64%. two patients experienced dryness. no patient discontinued treatment due to adverse effects. in vitro investigation revealed that irradiation from this light source reduced the number ... | 2002 | 12413768 |
| gene expression profile analysis of the mouse liver during bacteria-induced fulminant hepatitis by a cdna microarray system. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is a disease characterized by sudden and severe impairment of liver function. to elucidate the mechanism involved in fhf, we adopted a murine model of fhf by administrating mice with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), followed by a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (lps), and analyzed the dynamic change of gene expression profile of the murine liver using an in-house cdna microarray system which contained most of the cdnas encoding chemokines/cytokines a ... | 2002 | 12419307 |
| in situ localization of propionibacterium acnes dna in lymph nodes from sarcoidosis patients by signal amplification with catalysed reporter deposition. | sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. many genomes of propionibacterium acnes and p. granulosum have been detected in lymph nodes from patients with sarcoidosis. in situ localization of propionibacterial genomes in sarcoid lymph nodes may help to establish an aetiological link between sarcoidosis and these indigenous bacteria. formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of lymph nodes from nine patients with sarcoidosis, nine patients with tuberculosis, an ... | 2002 | 12434425 |
| sensitivity and rapidity of blood culture bottles in the detection of cornea organ culture media contamination by bacteria and fungi. | to test the bactericidal activity of standard organ culture medium, and to compare the sensitivity and rapidity of blood culture bottles with conventional microbiological methods for detection of bacteria and fungi inoculated in a standard cornea organ culture medium. | 2002 | 12446379 |
| robust evidence is needed in treating acne. | | 2002 | 12480866 |
| in vitro bactericidal effect of low-dose ultraviolet b in patients with acne. | | 2002 | 12482057 |
| [amyloidosis associated with chronic granulomatous disease in a patient with a renal transplant and recurrent urinary tract infections]. | chronic granulomatous disease is a group of syndromes which share a defect in a component of the phagocyte nadph-oxidase complex. without this enzyme activity, phagocytic cells cannot produce superoxide, peroxide, and other potent microbicidal radicals, and are less able to kill ingested pathogens. the clinical picture is characterised by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and abnormal tissue granuloma formation. on the other hand, amyloidosis is a systemic disease with r ... | 2002 | 12497752 |
| microbial contamination of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification. | to study the nature and frequency of anterior chamber contamination during phacoemulsification. | 2002 | 12498855 |
| enhancement of endotoxin activity by muramyldipeptide. | synthetic muramyldipeptide (mdp), the minimum structural moiety of bacterial peptidoglycan for adjuvant and related activities, sensitized mice for two types of lethal shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps): an early anaphylactoid shock and late endotoxin shock. in relation to the late reaction in mdp-primed mice, enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines was induced in response to various bacterial components. mdp showed a priming effect in mice not only when administered parentally but ... | 2002 | 12537692 |