| regulation of spo0h, a gene coding for the bacillus subtilis sigma h factor. | the bacillus spo0h gene codes for sigma h, which, as part of the rna polymerase holoenzyme e sigma h, is responsible for the transcription of several genes which are expressed at the beginning of the sporulation process. in this communication, we examined the regulation of the spo0h gene of bacillus subtilis by using lacz reporter gene assays, quantitative rna determinations, and western immunoassay. the expression of the spo0h gene increases as the culture enters the mid-logarithmic stage of gr ... | 1991 | 1898930 |
| the bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate developmental processes, codes for a dna-binding protein. | the sin gene of bacillus subtilis encodes a dual-function regulatory protein, sin, which is a negative as well as a positive regulator of alternate developmental processes that are induced at the end of vegetative growth in response to nutrient depletion. sin has been purified to homogeneity by using a simple two-step procedure. it was found to bind to the developmentally regulated apre (alkaline protease) gene at two sites in vitro. the stronger sin-binding site (sbs-1) is located more than 200 ... | 1991 | 1898931 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of a bacillus subtilis gene encoding a flagellar switch protein. | the nucleotide sequence of the bacillus subtilis flim gene has been determined. this gene encodes a 38-kda protein that is homologous to the flim flagellar switch proteins of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. expression of this gene in che+ cells of e. coli and b. subtilis interferes with normal chemotaxis. the nature of the chemotaxis defect is dependent upon the host used. in b. subtilis, overproduction of flim generates mostly nonmotile cells. those cells that are motile switch les ... | 1991 | 1898932 |
| grafting of a calcium-binding loop of thermolysin to bacillus subtilis neutral protease. | the surface loop which in the bacillus subtilis neutral protease (np) extends from amino acid residue 188 to residue 194 was replaced, by site-directed mutagenesis, with the 10-residue segment which in the homologous polypeptide chain of thermolysin (tln) binds calcium-4 [matthews, b. w., weaver, l. h., & kester, w. r. (1974) j. biol. chem. 249, 8030-8044]. the mutant np was isolated to homogeneity, and its structural, functional, calcium-binding, and stability properties were investigated. prot ... | 1991 | 1899021 |
| construction and characterization of the chimeric enzymes between the bacillus subtilis cellulase and an alkalophilic bacillus cellulase. | the amino acid sequences of cellulase from bacillus subtilis (bsc) and that from an alkalophilic bacillus sp. n-4 (nk1) show significant homology in most parts except for the c-terminal portions. despite the high homology, the ph activity profiles of the two enzymes are quite different; bsc has its optimum ph at 6-6.5, whereas nk1 is active over a broad ph range from 6 to 10.5. in order to identify the structural features which determine such ph activity profiles, chimeric cellulases between bsc ... | 1991 | 1899090 |
| role of a carboxyl-terminal helix in the assembly, interchain interactions, and stability of aspartate transcarbamoylase. | the six individual catalytic polypeptide chains within the two catalytic trimers of escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2) are folded into two discrete structural domains interconnected in part by helix 12, which comprises residues 285-305 and is located near the carboxyl terminus of the chain. the essential role of this helix in folding of the chains and their assembly into atcase was demonstrated by introducing a stop codon at the position corresponding to amino acid ... | 1991 | 1899140 |
| mechanism of stimulation of dna replication by bacteriophage phi 29 single-stranded dna-binding protein p5. | protein p5 is a bacillus subtilis phage phi 29-encoded protein required for phi 29 dna replication in vivo. protein p5 has single-stranded dna binding (ssb) capacity and stimulates in vitro dna replication severalfold when phi 29 dna polymerase is used to replicate either the natural phi 29 dna template or primed m13 single-stranded dna (ssdna). furthermore, other ssb proteins, including escherichia coli ssb, t4 gp32, adenovirus dna-binding protein, and human replication factor a, can functional ... | 1991 | 1899235 |
| modulation of protease specificity by a change in the enzyme microenvironment. selectivity modification on a model substrate, purified soluble proteins and gluten. | subtilisin bpn' activity on a synthetic substrate is found to decrease with the concentration of soluble additives such as sugars and polyols, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme being related to the water activity in the reaction medium. limited hydrolysis of b chain of insulin is followed and the cleavage priority determined. when carried out in glycerol-containing medium, both enzyme catalytic behaviour and specificity are perturbed; a different cleavage order and a selectivity restriction ... | 1991 | 1899835 |
| the subtilisin carlsberg pro-region is a membrane anchorage for two fusion proteins produced in bacillus subtilis. | the extracellular serylprotease subtilisin carlsberg (subc) of bacillus licheniformis is produced in a precursor form which includes a signal peptide (sp) and a pro-region. we have constructed a fusion protein in which the sp, pro-region and 38 amino acids (aa) at the n terminus of subc were joined to the immunoglobulin (ig) g-binding protein g produced by group g streptococci. the fused subc::protein g was purified on igg-sepharose. igg-binding material derived from membrane or supernatant frac ... | 1991 | 1899845 |
| the spo0k locus of bacillus subtilis is homologous to the oligopeptide permease locus and is required for sporulation and competence. | spore formation in bacillus subtilis is a dramatic response to environmental signals that is controlled in part by a two-component regulatory system composed of a histidine protein kinase (spoiij) and a transcriptional regulator (spo0a). the spo0k locus plays an important but undefined role in the initiation of sporulation and in the development of genetic competence. spoiij spo0k double mutants had a more severe defect in sporulation than either single mutant. overproduction of the spoiij gene ... | 1991 | 1899858 |
| glucose dehydrogenase from bacillus subtilis expressed in escherichia coli. i: purification, characterization and comparison with glucose dehydrogenase from bacillus megaterium. | escherichia coli containing the bacillus subtilis glucose dehydrogenase gene on a plasmid (prl7) was used to produce the enzyme in high quantities. gluc-dh-s was purified from the cell extract by (nh4)2so4-precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and triazine-dye chromatography to a specific activity of 375 u/mg. the enzyme was apparently homogenous on sds-page with a subunit molecular mass of 31.5 kda. investigation of gluc-dh-s was performed for comparison with the corresponding properties o ... | 1991 | 1900201 |
| synthesis of a bacillus subtilis small, acid-soluble spore protein in escherichia coli causes cell dna to assume some characteristics of spore dna. | small, acid-soluble proteins (sasp) of the alpha/beta-type are associated with dna in spores of bacillus subtilis. induction of synthesis of alpha/beta-type sasp in escherichia coli resulted in rapid cessation of dna synthesis, followed by a halt in rna and then protein accumulation, although significant mrna and protein synthesis continued. there was a significant loss in viability associated with sasp synthesis in e. coli: reca+ cells became extremely long filaments, whereas reca mutant cells ... | 1991 | 1900278 |
| mapping of the gene for a major penicillin-binding protein to a genetically conserved region of the bacillus subtilis chromosome and conservation of the protein among related species of bacillus. | penicillin-binding protein 5 is the most abundant penicillin-binding protein in the vegetative membranes of bacillus subtilis and accounts for 95% of the d,d-carboxypeptidase activity of the cell. the structural gene for penicillin-binding protein 5 was mapped to a genetically conserved region near guab at 0 degrees on the b. subtilis chromosome, and immunoassays revealed that there is conservation of this major penicillin-binding protein among related species. | 1991 | 1900282 |
| uga can be decoded as tryptophan at low efficiency in bacillus subtilis. | replacement of cat-86 codon 7 or 144 with the uga codon permitted the gene to confer chloramphenicol resistance in wild-type bacillus subtilis. uaa replacements of the same codons resulted in a chloramphenicol-sensitive phenotype in wild-type b. subtilis and a chloramphenicol-resistant phenotype in suppressor-positive strains. n-terminal sequencing showed that uga at codon 7 was decoded as tryptophan in wild-type cells, at an efficiency of about 6%. | 1991 | 1900283 |
| a limited number of bacillus subtilis strains carry a tetracycline-resistance determinant at a site close to the origin of replication. | several strains of bacillus subtilis, e.g., 168 derivatives and r, were found to carry a single copy of a tetracycline-resistance (tcr) determinant (named tetbs908) at a site close to the origin of replication on the chromosome. this gene is highly homologous (80% identical) to the tcr determinant of plasmids widely dispersed among aerobic spore-forming bacilli. b. subtilis rm125 (168 strain) transformants which carry a varying number of tetbs908 sequences in a tandem array on the chromosome wer ... | 1991 | 1900438 |
| forespore-specific transcription of a gene in the signal transduction pathway that governs pro-sigma k processing in bacillus subtilis. | we present studies on the regulation of a developmental gene (spoivb) whose product is required at a late stage of morphogenesis during the process of sporulation in bacillus subtilis. earlier work implicated the spoivb gene product in a signal-transduction pathway that governs the conversion of pro-sigma k to the mature and active form of the mother cell sigma factor, sigma k, in response to a signal generated within the forespore chamber of the sporangium. we now show that (1) spoivb is induce ... | 1991 | 1900494 |
| the bacillus subtilis spo0j gene: evidence for involvement in catabolite repression of sporulation. | previous observations concerning the ability of the bacillus subtilis bacteriophages sp10 and pmb12 to suppress mutations in spo0j and to make wild-type sporulation catabolite resistant suggested that spo0j had a role in catabolite repression of sporulation. this suggestion was supported in the present report by the ability of the catabolite-resistant sporulation mutation crsf4 to suppress a tn917 insertion mutation of the b. subtilis spo0j locus (spo0j::tn917 omega hu261) in medium without gluc ... | 1991 | 1900505 |
| effect of promoter mutations and upstream deletions on the expression of genes coding for small, acid-soluble spore proteins of bacillus subtilis. | the sspb and sspe genes code for major small, acid-soluble proteins of bacillus subtilis spores and are transcribed during sporulation by rna polymerase containing sigma g. analysis of the expression in vivo and the sigma g-dependent transcription in vitro of sspb and sspe genes carrying upstream deletions or point mutations in -10 and -35 promoter regions is consistent with sigma g being the only major transcriptional regulator of these genes. these data also provide information on the residues ... | 1991 | 1900507 |
| a method for sequencing polymerase chain reaction products can be used to sequence bacillus subtilis "miniprep" plasmid dna. | several methods for sequencing double-stranded plasmid dna isolated from e. coli have been described. these methods are usually not effective when used to sequence plasmid dna isolated from bacillus subtilis. in the course of developing a simplified version of a previously published protocol for polymerase chain reaction product sequencing, it was found that this protocol could be used for sequencing plasmid dna isolated from bacillus subtilis. | 1991 | 1900697 |
| the transcriptional regulator levr of bacillus subtilis has domains homologous to both sigma 54- and phosphotransferase system-dependent regulators. | the regulatory gene levr of the levanase operon of bacillus subtilis was cloned and sequenced. it encodes a polypeptide of mr 106,064 with two domains homologous to members of two families of bacterial activators. one domain in levr is homologous with one region of bacterial regulators including sact and sacy of b. subtilis and bglg from escherichia coli. another domain of levr is homologous to one part of the central domain of nifa and ntrc, which control nitrogen assimilation in gram-negative ... | 1991 | 1900939 |
| use of alkaline phosphatase fusions to study protein secretion in bacillus subtilis. | we have constructed a vector designed to facilitate the study of protein secretion in bacillus subtilis. this vector is based on a translational fusion between the expression elements and signal sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens alkaline protease and the mature coding sequence for escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoa). we show that export of alkaline phosphatase from b. subtilis depends on a functional signal sequence and that alkaline phosphatase activity depends upon secretion. the ... | 1991 | 1901054 |
| degs-degu and comp-coma modulator-effector pairs control expression of the bacillus subtilis pleiotropic regulatory gene degq. | production of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in bacillus subtilis is regulated at the transcriptional level by a signal transduction pathway which includes the degs-degu two-component system and at least two additional regulatory genes, degq and degr, encoding polypeptides of 46 and 60 amino acids, respectively. expression of degq was shown to be controlled by degs-degu. this expression is decreased in the presence of glucose and increased under any of the followi ... | 1991 | 1901055 |
| glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase. a unique xylanase with the requirement for appendant glucuronosyl units. | a new category of beta-(1----4)-xylan xylanohydrolases that exhibit a specific capacity to hydrolyze glucuronoxylans was characterized using heteroxylans prepared from vigna (vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi cv. takara) and maize (zea mays l.) cell walls together with appropriate derivatives as substrates. glucuronopyranosyl moieties, as side chains, were prerequisite for enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of the beta-(1----4)-xylosyl linkages. the enzyme degraded glucuronoxylans derived from vigna cell w ... | 1991 | 1901062 |
| atypical meningitis complicating a penetrating head injury. | | 1991 | 1901352 |
| physical and biochemical characterization of recombination-dependent synthesis of linear plasmid multimers in bacillus subtilis. | the synthesis and structure of linear multimeric plasmid molecules (hmw dna) in bacillus subtilis were investigated. the replication of covalently-closed-circular supercoiled (form i) dna requires the rate-limiting plasmid-encoded replication initiation protein. unlike form i, hmw dna synthesis is partially resistant to inhibition of cellular transcription or translation and requires the host dnab protein. in addition, hmw dna synthesis involves host recombination and repair functions (rece and ... | 1991 | 1901406 |
| integration of developmental signals and the initiation of sporulation in b. subtilis. | | 1991 | 1901517 |
| sequencing reveals similarity of the wild-type div+ gene of bacillus subtilis to the escherichia coli seca gene. | we have determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the wild-type div+ gene of bacillus subtilis which complements the temperature-sensitive div-341 mutation and is involved in cell septation, sporulation, secretion of extracellular enzymes, development of competence, autolysis and spore outgrowth. it has an open reading frame encoding 841 amino acids (aa) with homology to the escherichia coli seca gene, which is involved in protein secretion and cell separation. the deduced aa sequence of the b. ... | 1991 | 1901557 |
| bacillus subtilis dna polymerase iii: complete sequence, overexpression, and characterization of the polc gene. | genomic dna encompassing polc, the structural gene specifying bacillus subtilis dna polymerase iii (poliii), was sequenced and found to contain a 4311-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 162.4-kda polypeptide of 1437 amino acids (aa). the orf was engineered into an escherichia coli expression plasmid under the control of the coliphage lambda repressor. derepression of e. coli transformants carrying the recombinant vector resulted in the high-level synthesis of a recombinant dna polymerase ind ... | 1991 | 1901559 |
| isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the principal sigma factor of the vegetative cell rna polymerase from the cyanobacterium anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120. | the filamentous cyanobacterium anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120 responds to combined nitrogen deprivation by forming specialized nitrogen-fixing cells at regular intervals along the filament. genetic and biochemical studies have indicated that regulation of gene expression during differentiation occurs at the transcriptional level. as part of a characterization of rna polymerase during differentiation, the gene encoding the 52-kda principal sigma factor of the anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120 vegetative ... | 1991 | 1901566 |
| negative regulation of bacillus subtilis sporulation by the spo0e gene product. | transcription of the bacillus subtilis spo0e gene is controlled by the abrb transition state regulator. in abrb+ strains, a single transcript, p1, was observed for the spo0e gene. in an abrb4 mutant strain, a second transcription start site 3 bases upstream from p1 was found to be used for the predominant transcript. p1 transcription was insensitive to the state of the abrb gene. mutants carrying deletion or antibiotic cassette insertion mutations in the spo0e gene were spo+. multiple copies of ... | 1991 | 1901567 |
| mutational analysis of the bacillus subtilis degu regulator and its phosphorylation by the degs protein kinase. | the degs-degu protein kinase-response regulator pair controls the expression of genes encoding degradative enzymes as well as other cellular functions in bacillus subtilis. both proteins were purified. the degs protein was autophosphorylated and shown to transfer its phosphate to the degu protein. phosphoryl transfer to the wild-type degu protein present in crude extracts was shown by adding 32p-labeled degs to the reaction mixture. under similar conditions, the modified proteins encoded by the ... | 1991 | 1901568 |
| differential regulation of spo0a transcription in bacillus subtilis: glucose represses promoter switching at the initiation of sporulation. | we have shown by s1 nuclease mapping with in vivo transcripts that the differential expression of a sporulation-regulatory gene, spo0a, is regulated by switching of two discrete promoters during the initiation of sporulation in bacillus subtilis; vegetative mrna was transcribed from an upstream promoter (pv, vegetative promoter), and sporulation-specific mrna was transcribed from the other promoter (ps, sporulation-specific promoter) about 150 bp downstream of the pv promoter. transcription from ... | 1991 | 1901572 |
| the regulation of genetic competence in bacillus subtilis. | genetic competence develops as a global response of bacillus subtilis to the onset of stationary phase, in glucose-minimal salts-based media. the onset of competence is accompanied by the expression of several late gene products that are required for the binding, processing and uptake of transforming dna. a number of regulatory genes have been identified that are needed for the appropriate synthesis of the late gene products. the regulatory gene products include a number of known transcription f ... | 1991 | 1901615 |
| the oligopeptide transport system of bacillus subtilis plays a role in the initiation of sporulation. | bacillus subtilis spo0k mutants are blocked at the first step in sporulation. the spo0k strain was found to contain two mutations: one was linked to the trps locus, and the other was elsewhere on the chromosome. the mutation linked to trps was responsible for the sporulation defect (spo-). the unlinked mutation enhanced this sporulation deficiency but had no phenotype on its own. the spo- mutation was located in an operon of five genes highly homologous to the oligopeptide transport (opp) system ... | 1991 | 1901616 |
| influence of divalent ions on the solubility of iturin and bacillomycin l, antifungal peptidolipids of bacillus subtilis. | when calcium chloride was added to the culture medium of strains producing iturin or bacillomycin l, the antibiotic, normally excreted in the supernatant of the culture medium, was found in the cell pellet. this apparent inhibition of the antibiotic excretion was studied and it was demonstrated that cacl2 precipitated the antibiotic after its excretion in the medium. the ability of various chloride salts to precipitate iturin and bacillomycin l was tested and the most effective salts were cacl2 ... | 1991 | 1901618 |
| mode of action of netzahualcoyone. | the activity of netzahualcoyone on bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli was studied. the product inhibited the respiration of intact cells of b. subtilis but had no effect on the respiration of e. coli. however, when preparations of sonically disrupted cells were examined, inhibitory activity on both bacteria was observed. | 1991 | 1901699 |
| secretion of tem beta-lactamase with signal sequences isolated from the chromosome of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. | with tem beta-lactamase as a reporter gene, a set of expression-secretion-promoting fragments were isolated from the chromosome of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. the fact that only translocated beta-lactamase renders cells resistant to ampicillin allowed direct ampicillin selection with an escherichia coli vector (pkth33). the clones showing the greatest ampicillin resistance were subcloned onto a replicon capable of replication in lactic acid bacteria (pvs2), and the nucleotide sequences of ... | 1991 | 1901704 |
| viability and distribution of bacteria after passage through a circle anaesthetic system. | we have assessed in vitro the viability of eight species of micro-organism suspended as aerosols and passed through a soda-lime absorber rebreathing system. as had been predicted, the soda-lime exerted a potent cidal effect on non-sporing organisms, all of which were rendered non-viable. one percent of the spore bearing organism, bacillus subtilis, was still viable after 30 min contact. although bacillus subtilis is an organism of low pathogenicity, spores may be more resistant to the alkaline m ... | 1991 | 1901723 |
| staphylococcal phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. purification and protein sequencing of the staphylococcus carnosus histidine-containing protein, and cloning and dna sequencing of the ptsh gene. | the histidine-containing protein (hpr) of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) was isolated from staphylococcus carnosus and purified to homogeneity. the protein sequence was determined by edman degradation of peptides obtained by proteolytic digestion with proteases v8, trypsin and chemical cleavage with brcn. furthermore, immunological screening of a chromosomal s. carnosus dna gene library in puc19 vector enabled us to isolate s. carnosus hpr-expressing ... | 1991 | 1901791 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of a bacillus subtilis and thermus thermophilus hb8 chimeric 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. | a chimeric gene was constructed by fusing the bacillus subtilis and thermus thermophilus genes coding for 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, and expressed in escherichia coli. the chimeric enzyme was crystallized in a size suitable for x-ray structure analysis. the crystal has a space group of p3(1)21 or p3(2)21, a = b = 77.1 a and c = 158.3 a, which is isomorphous with that of the native enzyme from t. thermophilus. | 1991 | 1901851 |
| cytolysis of bacillus subtilis by fusarium oxysporum. | growth of fusarium oxysporum on heat-killed bacillus subtilis cells was accompanied by the loss of bacterial cytoplasmic contents, and this 'cytolysis' could be catalysed in heat-treated bacteria by the fungal culture fluids. in electron micrographs the bacterial walls appeared undamaged, and the absence of wall-lytic enzymes was confirmed by use of isolated bacterial walls as substrate. appearance of cytolytic activity in cultures was paralleled by the production of proteolytic activity in the ... | 1991 | 1901903 |
| characterization of the cloned bamhi restriction modification system: its nucleotide sequence, properties of the methylase, and expression in heterologous hosts. | the bamhi restriction modification system was previously cloned into e. coli and maintained with an extra copy of the methylase gene on a high copy vector (brooks et al., (1989) nucl. acids res. 17, 979-997). the nucleotide sequence of a 3014 bp region containing the endonuclease (r) and methylase (m) genes has now been determined. the sequence predicts a methylase protein of 423 amino acids, mr 49,527, and an endonuclease protein of 213 amino acids, mr 24,570. between the two genes is a small o ... | 1991 | 1901989 |
| nucleotides in precursor trnas that are required intact for catalysis by rnase p rnas. | precursor trnaasp molecules, containing a 26-base 5' leader, were treated with diethylpyrocarbonate, 50% hydrazine or anhydrous hydrazine/3m nacl and then subjected to processing by rnase p rnas from escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis. fully processed trnas and material not successfully cleaved by the catalytic rnas were analyzed for their content of chemically altered nucleotides. several bases were identified as being required intact for optimal activity as substrate as judged by exclusion ... | 1991 | 1901990 |
| further observations on enhancement of the infectivity of fusobacterium necrophorum by other bacteria. | it had already been shown with a single virulent strain (a42) of fusobacterium necrophorum that suspension of the fusobacteria in sub-lethal doses of broth cultures of other bacteria reduced the minimum infective dose (greater than 10(6) organisms) for mice by subcutaneous inoculation, sometimes to less than 10 organisms. the present study extended the known range of bacteria with strong infectivity-enhancing properties to include bacillus cereus, klebsiella oxytoca and staphylococcus aureus; an ... | 1991 | 1902184 |
| heterospecific expression of misrepair-enhancing activity of mucab in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. | enterobacterial plasmid genes mucab, which possess error-prone repair activity, were cloned and sequenced independently of a sequence previously determined (k.l. perry, s.j. elledge, b.b. mitchell, l. marsh, and g.c. walker, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 82:4331-4335, 1985). the survival- and mutation-enhancing activities of mucab ligated to the mlsr promoter of a bacillus subtilis plasmid in the shuttle vector pte22r were expressed in b. subtilis as well as in escherichia coli after mutagenic trea ... | 1991 | 1902211 |
| control of transcription of the bacillus subtilis spoiiig gene, which codes for the forespore-specific transcription factor sigma g. | the bacillus subtilis spoiiig gene codes for a sigma factor termed sigma g which directs transcription of genes expressed only in the forespore compartment of the sporulating cell. use of spoiiig-lacz transcriptional fusions showed that spoiiig is cotranscribed with the spoiig operon beginning at t0.5-1 of sporulation. however, this large mrna produced little if any sigma g, and transferring the spoiiig gene without the spoiig promoter into the amye locus resulted in a spo+ phenotype. significan ... | 1991 | 1902213 |
| overproduction and characterization of the uracil-dna glycosylase inhibitor of bacteriophage pbs2. | a plasmid expression vector (pzwtac1) was constructed which allowed inducible overexpression of the uracil-dna glycosylase (ung) inhibitor (ugi)-encoding gene (ugi) in escherichia coli. in this plasmid, the ugi gene was under the control of both its own promoter and the tac promoter. constitutive expression of the ugi was observed in the absence of isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). in the presence of 1 mm iptg, the ugi protein was overproduced to an approx. 16-fold higher level, and ... | 1991 | 1902430 |
| genetic regulation of morphogenesis in bacillus subtilis: roles of sigma e and sigma f in prespore engulfment. | electron microscopic examination of sporulating cultures of wild-type bacillus subtilis revealed that the morphological events previously characterized as stages ii and iii can be divided into four substages, namely, stages iii, iiii, iiiii, and iii. the ultrastructural phenotypes of several stage ii mutant strains indicate that each of the four substages has a biochemical and genetic basis. two of the genes needed for the transition from stage ii to stage iii encode transcription factors sigma ... | 1991 | 1902463 |
| molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and characterization of the bacillus subtilis gene encoding the dna-binding protein hbsu. | a homologous class of histonelike proteins which are believed to wrap the dna and to condense the chromosome into highly folded nucleoid structures has been identified in different bacterial species. bacillus subtilis encodes a homodimeric dna-binding protein called hbsu. we have cloned the corresponding gene (hbs) on a 3.8-kb fragment. the gene was subcloned to a 1-kb fragment, sequenced, and characterized. it encodes a 92-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 9,884 da. fortunat ... | 1991 | 1902464 |
| [the effect of silicon metabolism on genetic transformation in bacillus subtilis]. | germanium dioxide is found to increase the frequencies of the genetical transformation in bacillus subtilis 30-40 fold. the increased frequency of transformation was registered in sil- mutant in contrast to sil+ strain having the decreased one. bacillus megatherium strain ku-2 and bacillus oligonitrophilus ku-1 were isolated from soil. these strains possess better ability to utilize the orthoclase and biotite. germanium dioxide did not induce the transformation frequencies increase in these stra ... | 1991 | 1903179 |
| structure and nucleotide sequence of the bacillus subtilis phenylalanyl-trna synthase genes. | | 1991 | 1903307 |
| identification of the promoter and the transcriptional start site of the spova operon of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis. | the region upstream of the coding sequence of the spova operon was studied by several techniques to identify the promoter and to determine the start point for transcription of spova. the results of plasmid integration analysis in bacillus subtilis showed that no more than 119 bp upstream of the coding sequence is needed for expression. a comparison of the sequence of this upstream region with the corresponding sequence from bacillus licheniformis showed four stretches that were perfectly conserv ... | 1991 | 1903432 |
| permeability of dormant spores of bacillus subtilis to malachite green and crystal violet. | the permeability of dormant spores of bacillus subtilis to malachite green (mg) and crystal violet (cv) was examined by using potassium trichloro(eta 2-ethylene)platinum(ii) (ktpt) as an electron-opaque marker for the dyes. the spores were treated with the dyes and other substances at 30 degrees c for 30 min or at 80 degrees c for 5 min. when the spores were incubated in 50 mm-mg solution at 30 degrees c and in 50 mm-cv solution at 30 degrees c or 80 degrees c, many small electron-dense precipit ... | 1991 | 1903433 |
| plasmid deletion formation between short direct repeats in bacillus subtilis is stimulated by single-stranded rolling-circle replication intermediates. | the effects of the rolling-circle mode of replication and the generation of single-stranded dna (ss dna) on plasmid deletion formation between short direct repeats in bacillus subtilis were studied. deletion units consisting of direct repeats (9, 18, or 27 bp) that do or do not flank inverted repeats (300 bp) were introduced into various plasmid replicons that generate different amounts of ss dna (from 0% to 40% of the total plasmid dna). with ss dna-generating rolling-circle-type plasmids, dele ... | 1991 | 1903505 |
| spo0a binds to a promoter used by sigma a rna polymerase during sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | examination of the effects of 56 single-base-pair substitutions in the spoiig promoter and studies of the interaction of the spo0a product (spo0a) with this promoter in vitro demonstrated that spo0a acts directly to enable this promoter to be used by sigma a-associated rna polymerase (ec 2.7.7.6). the spoiig operon from bacillus subtilis is transcribed during sporulation by a form o rna polymerase containing sigma a, the primary sigma factor in vegetative cells. the spoiig promoter is unusual in ... | 1991 | 1903544 |
| plasmid maintenance alters substrate affinity. | | 1991 | 1903740 |
| prochymosin expression in bacillus subtilis. | prochymosin (pc) sequence was cloned in bacillus subtilis using two kinds of plasmid constructions. in plasmid psm316 the cdna was inserted to obtain the intracellular expression of the enzyme. the enzyme turned out to be expressed in an insoluble form which could be converted to native enzyme under proper denaturing and refolding conditions. the levels of intracellular expression of pc were further enhanced by modifying the 5' region of the gene in a way that a two-cistron expression system was ... | 1991 | 1903749 |
| cloning of a chromosomal alpha-amylase gene from bacillus stearothermophilus. | we have cloned and sequenced a gene for a heat-stable alpha-amylase from a natural isolate of bacillus stearothermophilus. previously, it had been shown that b. stearothermophilus amylase genes may be harboured on indigenous plasmids. we have found that our isolate harbours the amylase gene only on the chromosome and not on its indigenous plasmid. | 1991 | 1903751 |
| a sequence similarity between proteins involved in initiation and termination of bacterial chromosome replication. | | 1991 | 1903929 |
| post-transcriptional control of a sporulation regulatory gene encoding transcription factor sigma h in bacillus subtilis. | the transcriptional regulatory gene spooh encodes an rna polymerase sigma factor called sigma h that directs gene expression at an early stage of sporulation in the gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis. we now report that conditions that induce sporulation cause a rapid increase in the cellular concentration of sigma h. this increase could account for the stimulated transcription of certain sigma h-controlled genes at the onset of sporulation. experiments in which the expression of spooh wa ... | 1991 | 1904128 |
| identification of the sequences recognized by phage phi 29 transcriptional activator: possible interaction between the activator and the rna polymerase. | expression of bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 late genes requires the transcriptional activator protein p4. this activator binds to a region of the late a3 promoter spanning nucleotides -56 to -102 relative to the transcription start site, generating a strong bending tin the dna. in this work the target sequences recognized by protein p4 in the phage phi 29 late a3 promoter have been characterized. the binding of protein p4 to derivatives of the late a3 promoter harbouring deletions in the protei ... | 1991 | 1904153 |
| a simple convenient biological dosimeter for monitoring solar uv-b radiation. | the use of dry bacillus subtilis spores as a biological dosimeter for the monitoring of solar uv-b (290-330 nm) radiation was described. our field tests had supported the utility of this dosimeter as a reproducible and reliable sunlight dosimeter. | 1991 | 1904220 |
| the 20 kda c-terminally truncated form of pertussis toxin subunit s1 secreted from bacillus subtilis. | the subunit s1 of pertussis toxin (pt) was purified as the recombinant product bacs1 from the culture supernatant of a bacillus subtilis strain containing a secretion vector with a dna fragment coding for the mature subunit s1 inserted downstream of the signal sequence of the alpha-amylase gene. the method of purification was successive ion exchange and adsorption chromatography. bacs1 occurred in two forms (28 and 20 kda) of which the truncated 20-kda peptide was the main one in the supernatant ... | 1991 | 1904382 |
| genetic evidence for interaction of sigma a with two promoters in bacillus subtilis. | the specificity of promoter binding by rna polymerase is governed by the sigma subunit. recent studies, in which single-amino-acid substitutions in sigma factors have been found to suppress the effects of specific base pair substitutions in promoters, support the model that these sigma factors make sequence-specific contacts with nucleotides at the -10 and -35 regions of promoters. we found that single-amino-acid substitutions in the putative -35 region and -10 region recognition domains of sigm ... | 1991 | 1904429 |
| dna sequences of three beta-1,4-endoglucanase genes from thermomonospora fusca. | the dna sequences of the thermomonospora fusca genes encoding cellulases e2 and e5 and the n-terminal end of e4 were determined. each sequence contains an identical 14-bp inverted repeat upstream of the initiation codon. there were no significant homologies between the coding regions of the three genes. the e2 gene is 73% identical to the cela gene from microbispora bispora, but this was the only homology found with other cellulase genes. e2 belongs to a family of cellulases that includes cela f ... | 1991 | 1904434 |
| properties of the bacillus subtilis chemotaxis protein chef, a homolog of the salmonella typhimurium flagellar protein flij. | the nucleotide sequence of bacillus subtilis chef was corrected. it encodes an 18-kda protein that is homologous to flij, a protein required for formation of basal bodies in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. methanol release is abnormal in chef mutants, suggesting that the morphology and functioning of the motor affects methanol formation. | 1991 | 1904439 |
| auranticins a and b: two new depsidones from a mangrove isolate of the fungus preussia aurantiaca. | auranticins a and b, two new antimicrobial depsidones, have been obtained from a mangrove isolate of the fungus preussia aurantiaca. the structures were determined through analysis of selective inept, decoupling, cosy, and noesy experiments. | 1991 | 1904475 |
| diterpenes from the pohnpeian marine sponge chelonaplysilla sp. | nine diterpenes have been isolated from the marine sponge chelonaplysilla sp. collected in pohnpei, federated states of micronesia. these include the known diterpenes 1-bromo-8-ketoambliol a acetate, dendrillolide a, dendrillolide d, norrisolide, 12-desacetoxyshahamin c, and aplyviolene. three novel rearranged spongian diterpenes, chelonaplysins a, b, and c, were identified by interpretation of spectral data and chemical correlation with known compounds. aplyviolene, chelonaplysin b, and chelona ... | 1991 | 1904476 |
| catabolite repression of alpha-amylase gene expression in bacillus subtilis involves a trans-acting gene product homologous to the escherichia coli lacl and galr repressors. | expression of the alpha-amylase gene of bacillus subtilis is controlled at the transcriptional level, and responds to the growth state of the cell as well as the availability of rapidly metabolizable carbon sources. glucose-mediated repression has previously been shown to involve a site near the transcriptional start-point of the amye gene. in this study, a transposon insertion mutation was characterized which resulted in loss of glucose repression of amye gene expression. the gene affected by t ... | 1991 | 1904524 |
| the role of sigma f in prespore-specific transcription in bacillus subtilis. | sporulation in bacillus subtilis is a simple developmental system in which a single cell undergoes differentiation to two 'sister' cells, namely the prespore and the sporangium. prespore-specific gene expression is largely dependent on the synthesis of a transcription factor, sigma g. transcription of spolllg, the gene encoding sigma g, is under precise temporal and spatial control, requiring the products of at least eight genes that are expressed in the pre-divisional cell. here we show that th ... | 1991 | 1904527 |
| preprosubtilisin carlsberg processing and secretion is blocked after deletion of amino acids 97-101 in the mature part of the enzyme. | during an investigation into the substrate specificity and processing of subtilisin carlsberg from bacillus licheniformis, two major independent findings were made: (i) as has been shown previously, a stretch of five amino acids (residues 97-101 of the mature enzyme) that loops out into the binding cleft is involved in substrate binding by subtilisin carlsberg. in order to see whether this loop element also determines substrate specificity, the coding region for these five amino acids was delete ... | 1991 | 1904534 |
| signal peptidase i overproduction results in increased efficiencies of export and maturation of hybrid secretory proteins in escherichia coli. | the effects of 25-fold overproduction of escherichia coli signal peptidase i (spase i) on the processing kinetics of various (hybrid) secretory proteins, comprising fusions between signal sequence functions selected from the bacillus subtilis chromosome and the mature part of tem-beta-lactamase, were studied in e. coli. one precursor (pre[a2d]-beta-lactamase) showed an enhanced processing rate, and consequently, a highly improved release of the mature enzyme into the periplasm. a minor fraction ... | 1991 | 1904537 |
| a novel lipopolysaccharide-binding hemagglutinin isolated from hemocytes of the solitary ascidian, halocynthia roretzi: it can agglutinate bacteria. | a hemagglutinin was isolated from hemocytes of the ascidian, halocynthia roretzi, by a procedure including extraction and ion-exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. the molecular weight of the hemagglutinin was estimated to be 120,000 by gel filtration. it was resistant to acid treatment but sensitive to alkali or heat treatment. the hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and lipopolysaccharide (lps), but not by mono- and disaccharides such as n-acetyl-galacto ... | 1991 | 1904830 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two genes encoding sigma factors that direct transcription from a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene promoter. | two sigma factors, sigma 35 and sigma 28, direct transcription from the bt i and bt ii promoters of the cryia(a) gene of bacillus thuringiensis; this gene encodes a lepidopteran-specific crystal protoxin. these sigma factors were biochemically characterized in previous work (k. l. brown and h. r. whiteley, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 85:4166-4170, 1988; k. l. brown and h. r. whiteley, j. bacteriol. 172:6682-6688, 1990). in this paper, we describe the cloning of the genes encoding these two sigma ... | 1991 | 1904859 |
| active site-directed inhibition by optically pure epoxyalkyl cellobiosides reveals differences in active site geometry of two 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases. the importance of epoxide stereochemistry for enzyme inactivation. | 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases (ec 3.2.-1.73) from bacillus subtilis and barley (hordeum vulgare) with identical substrate specificities but unrelated primary structures have been probed with (r,s)-epoxyalkyl (-propyl, -butyl, -pentyl) beta-cellobiosides and with optically pure (3s)- and (3r)-3,4-cellobiosides as active site-directed inhibitors. the optimal aglycon length for inactivation differs for the two enzymes, and they are differentially inhibited by the pure epoxybutyl beta-ce ... | 1991 | 1904865 |
| the importance of a distal hydrogen bonding group in stabilizing the transition state in subtilisin bpn'. | stabilization of an oxyanion transition state is important to catalysis of peptide bond hydrolysis in all proteases. for subtilisin bpn', a bacterial serine protease, structural data suggest that two hydrogen bonds stabilize the tetrahedral-like oxyanion intermediate: one from the main chain nh of ser221 and another from the side chain nh2 of asn155. molecular dynamic studies (rao, s., n., singh, u., c. bush, p. a., and kollman, p. a. (1987) nature 328, 551-554) have indicated the gamma-hydroxyl ... | 1991 | 1904870 |
| free energy perturbation calculations on binding and catalysis after mutating threonine 220 in subtilisin. | we present the results of free energy perturbation calculations on binding and catalysis of a tetrapeptide substrate, acetyl-phe-ala-ala-phe-nme, by native subtilisin bpn' and a subtilisin bpn' mutant (thr220----ala220). the calculated difference in the free energy of binding was 0.70 +/- 0.72 kcal/mol. the calculated difference in the free energy of catalysis was 1.48 +/- 0.89 kcal/mol. these calculated values compare well with the experimental values in which another substrate, succinyl-ala-al ... | 1991 | 1904871 |
| transcription activation at a distance by phage phi 29 protein p4. effect of bent and non-bent intervening dna sequences. | protein p4 of the bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 switches on the transcription of the viral late genes by binding to the viral late promoter at a region close to the rna polymerase binding site. gel retardation and dnase i footprinting assays show that the presence of protein p4 is required for rna polymerase recognition of the late promoter. the protein p4 and rna polymerase dna binding sites have been separated by the insertion of bent and non-bent dna sequences of different lengths. these mut ... | 1991 | 1904941 |
| regulation of the phage phi 29 prohead shape and size by the portal vertex. | bacteriophage phi 29 of bacillus subtilis packages its double-stranded dna into a preformed prohead during morphogenesis. the prohead is composed of the scaffold protein gp7, the capsid protein pg8, the portal protein gp10, and the dispensable head fiber protein gp8.5. our objective was to elucidate the phi 29 prohead assembly pathway and to define the factors that determine prohead shape and size. the structural genes of the phi 29 prohead were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli individua ... | 1991 | 1905079 |
| cell-free biosynthesis of surfactin, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by bacillus subtilis. | the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin is a potent extracellular biosurfactant produced by various bacillus subtilis strains. biosynthesis of surfactin was studied in a cell-free system prepared from b. subtilis atcc 21332 and okb 105, which is a transformant producing surfactin in high yield [nakano, m. m., marahiel, m. a., & zuber, p. (1988) j. bacteriol. 170, 5662-5668]. cell material was disintegrated by treatment with lysozyme and french press. a cell-free extract was prepared by ammonium sul ... | 1991 | 1905154 |
| mutational dissociation of the positive and negative regulatory properties of the spo0a sporulation transcription factor of bacillus subtilis. | the spo0a regulatory protein controls the onset of stationary phase and sporulation by controlling transcription in both a negative and a positive manner depending on the promoter affected. missense mutations, e.g., spo0a9v, which result in alterations in the eleventh amino acid preceding the c terminus of the spo0a protein, give rise to a protein active as a negative regulator of the abrb gene but unable to activate transcription of the spoiia gene. second-site suppressors of spo0a9v occurred w ... | 1991 | 1905258 |
| induction and cultivation of a stable l-form of bacillus subtilis. | the induction of l-forms of bacillus subtilis from protoplasts is described. the method involved the frequent subculture of the unstable l-form on a growth medium supplemented with lysozyme and horse serum. a stable culture, which did not revert when lysozyme and horse serum were omitted from the medium, was obtained after 13 subcultures. this culture could be grown on solid and in liquid medium by routine microbiological methods. long-term storage of these cells was achieved by freeze drying an ... | 1991 | 1905284 |
| the stringent response blocks dna replication outside the ori region in bacillus subtilis and at the origin in escherichia coli. | when the bacillus subtilis dnab37 mutant, defective in initiation, is returned to permissive temperature after growth at 45 degrees c, dna replication is synchronized. under these conditions, we have shown previously that dna replication is inhibited when the stringent response is induced by the amino acid analogue, arginine hydroxamate. we have now shown, using dna-dna hybridization analysis, that substantial replication of the oric region nevertheless occurs during the stringent response, and ... | 1991 | 1905358 |
| trajectory of aerosol droplets from a sprayed bacterial suspension. | simulated droplet trajectories of a polydispersed microbial aerosol in a laminar air flow regimen were compared with observed dispersal patterns of aerosolized bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores in quasilaminar airflow. simulated dispersal patterns could be explained in terms of initial droplet sizes and whether the droplets evaporated to residual aeroplanktonic size before settling to the ground. for droplets that evaporated prior to settling out, a vertical downwind size fractionation is pr ... | 1991 | 1905515 |
| identification of amino acid substitutions in the lipopeptide surfactin using 2d nmr spectroscopy. | it is generally accepted that surfactin, being produced by various bacillus subtilis strains, is a cyclic lipopeptide built from the heptapeptide l-glu-l-leu-d-leu-l-val-l-asp-d-leu-l-leu and a beta-hydroxy fatty acid with variable chain length of 13 - 15 carbon atoms. we investigated surfactin from bacillus subtilis atcc 21332 and okb 105, dissolved in pyridine and methanol, with two-dimensional h nmr spectroscopy. in the nh-fingerprint region, 21 well resolved cross peaks are observed instead ... | 1991 | 1905540 |
| transcription of the bacillus subtilis spoiia locus. | the spoiia operon encodes three genes, including the structural gene for a sporulation-induced sigma factor sigma f. we used deletion analysis of spoiia-lacz fusions to define the location of the spoiia promoter. we found that sigma h-rna polymerase transcribes spoiia accurately in vitro and propose that sigma h directs transcription of spoiia during sporulation. | 1991 | 1905664 |
| an sfii restriction map of the bacillus subtilis 168 genome. | a restriction map of 24 sfii (ggccn4/nggcc) restriction fragments has been constructed for the bacillus subtilis genome. the combined sizes of the fragments indicate a genome size of approx. 4.2 mb. the sfii fragments range in size from 7-730 kb. genetic markers have been located on 19 of the sfii fragments, and 69 genetic markers have been assigned to the sfii restriction map. | 1991 | 1905666 |
| gene-protein relationships in the flagellar hook-basal body complex of bacillus subtilis: sequences of the flgb, flgc, flgg, flie and flif genes. | the nucleotide sequence of five genes from the major bacillus subtilis chemotaxis locus has been determined. four of these genes encode proteins that are homologous to the salmonella typhimurium flgb, flgc, flgg and flif proteins. one gene encodes a protein that is homologous to the escherichia coli flie protein. the data from s. typhimurium and e. coli suggest that all of these proteins form part of the hook-basal body (hbb) complex of the bacterial flagella. the flgb, flgc and flgg proteins ar ... | 1991 | 1905667 |
| characterization of bacillus subtilis recombinational pathways. | recombination in bacillus subtilis requires the products of numerous rec loci. to dissect the various mechanisms which may be involved in genetic recombination, we constructed a series of isogenic strains containing more than one mutant rec allele. on the basis of their impairment in genetic exchange, the various loci (represented by specific rec alleles) were classified into different epistatic groups. group alpha consists of rec genes represented by recb, recd, recf, recg, recl, and recr mutat ... | 1991 | 1905712 |
| a highly thermostable neutral protease from bacillus caldolyticus: cloning and expression of the gene in bacillus subtilis and characterization of the gene product. | by using a gene library of bacillus caldolyticus constructed in phage lambda embl12 and selecting for proteolytically active phages on plates supplemented with 0.8% skim milk, chromosomal b. caldolyticus dna fragments that specified proteolytic activity were obtained. subcloning of one of these fragments in a protease-deficient bacillus subtilis strain resulted in protease proficiency of the host. the nucleotide sequence of a 2-kb hinfi-mlui fragment contained an open reading frame (orf) that sp ... | 1991 | 1905714 |
| sequence and characterization of bacillus subtilis cheb, a homolog of escherichia coli chey, and its role in a different mechanism of chemotaxis. | the bacillus subtilis gene encoding cheb, which is homologous to escherichia coli chey, the regulator of flagellar rotation, has been cloned and sequenced. it has been verified, using a phage t7 expression system, by showing that a small protein, the same size as e. coli chey, is actually made from this dna. despite the fact that the two proteins are 36% identical, with many highly conserved residues, they appear to play different roles. unlike chey null mutants, which swim smoothly, cheb null m ... | 1991 | 1905718 |
| streptonigrin and related compounds. 5. synthesis and evaluation of some isoquinoline analogues. | a series of analogues of streptonigrin, in which the quinoline of ring b is replaced by isoquinoline and the substituted pyridine of ring c is replaced by phenyl, nitrophenyl, aminophenyl, or benzyl functions, have been prepared. thus, 1-substituted isoquinoline-5,8-diones with 7-amino or 6-(alkylamino) groups were prepared. the various quinones were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis and root-growth inhibitory activity against lepidium sativum. the effect of specific ... | 1991 | 1905760 |
| unidirectional theta replication of the structurally stable enterococcus faecalis plasmid pam beta 1. | numerous bacterial replicons remain poorly characterized due to difficulties in localization of the replication origin. we have circumvented this problem in the characterization and fine mapping of the origin of plasmid pam beta 1 by exploiting the bacillus subtilis termination signal, terc. in terc-containing derivatives, theta-form molecules with two invariant endpoints accumulate. the endpoints, which correspond to plasmid origin and terc, were mapped with single-nucleotide precision. analysi ... | 1991 | 1906000 |
| a functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in corynebacterium glutamicium. | three different pathways of d,l-diaminopimelate and l-lysine synthesis are known in procaryotes. determinations of the corresponding enzyme activities in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus sphaericus verified the fact that in each of these bacteria only one of the possible pathways operates. however, in corynebacterium glutamicum activities are present which allow in principle the use of the dehydrogenase variant and succinylase variant of lysine synthesis together. applying gene- ... | 1991 | 1906065 |
| molecular structure of bacillus subtilis aspartate transcarbamoylase at 3.0 a resolution. | the three-dimensional structure of bacillus subtilis aspartate transcarbamoylase (atcase; aspartate carbamoyltransferase; carbamoyl-phosphate:l-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, ec 2.1.3.2) has been solved by the molecular replacement method at 3.0 a resolution and refined to a crystallographic r factor of 0.19. the enzyme crystallizes in the space group c2 with unit cell dimensions a = 258.5, b = 153.2, and c = 51.9 a and beta = 97.7 degrees. the asymmetric unit is composed of three monomers rela ... | 1991 | 1906175 |
| compartmentalized gene expression during sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | two important features of endospore development in bacillus subtilis--the compartmentalization of mother cell gene expression and the coordination of mother cell gene expression with forespore development--are governed by the highly regulated expression of the sigk gene, which encodes the mother cell-specific rna polymerase sigma factor sigma k. compartmentalized expression of sigk is associated both with a chromosomal dna rearrangement and with the restriction of sigk transcription to the mothe ... | 1991 | 1906210 |
| polypeptide backbone resonance assignments and secondary structure of bacillus subtilis enzyme iiiglc determined by two-dimensional and three-dimensional heteronuclear nmr spectroscopy. | the enzyme iiiglc-like domain of bacillus subtilis iiglc (iiiglc, 162 residues, 17.4 kda) has been cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. sequence-specific assignment of the backbone 1h and 15n resonances has been carried out with a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear two-dimensional and heteronuclear three-dimensional (3d) nmr spectroscopy. amide proton solvent exchange rate constants have been determined from a series of 1h-15n heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (hsqc) spec ... | 1991 | 1906345 |
| dna repair and the evolution of transformation in bacillus subtilis. iii. sex with damaged dna. | natural genetic transformation in the bacterium bacillus subtilis provides an experimental system for studying the evolutionary function of sexual recombination. the repair hypothesis proposes that during transformation the exogenous dna taken up by cells is used as template for recombinational repair of damages in the recipient cell's genome. earlier results demonstrated that the population density of transformed cells (i.e., sexual cells) increases, relative to nontransformed cells (primarily ... | 1991 | 1906416 |
| secondary metabolites by chemical screening, 15. structure and absolute configuration of naphthomevalin, a new dihydro-naphthoquinone antibiotic from streptomyces sp. | | 1991 | 1906453 |
| the transition state regulator hpr of bacillus subtilis is a dna-binding protein. | the synthesis of a variety of proteins, including the well characterized degradative enzymes, which occurs during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of sporulation in bacillus subtilis is controlled by a class of molecules known as transition state regulators. one of these regulators is the product of the hpr gene, first identified by mutations affecting the synthesis of extracellular proteases. we have purified the hpr protein and found that it binds specifically to dn ... | 1991 | 1906467 |