| [campylobacter jejuni in patients with diarrhea]. | in this study the stools 125 patients with diarrhea applied to research hospital of medical school of atatürk university and the stools of 69 healthy persons were investigated for gastroenteritis agents c. jejuni as well as salmonella and shigella. of the zooparasiter agents protozoon and helminths were also investigated. we determined the mentioned agents in 28 of 125 patients (% 22.40). c. jejuni was isolated the most frequent cause of diarrhea with 8.80 percent. c. jejuni was isolated in high ... | 1987 | 3328817 |
| [genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in enterobacteria]. | antibiotic resistance of enterobacterial strains from population isolated in krasnodar region is rather often controlled by the "plasmid" genes. the conclusion is based on using the colony hybridization with [32p]-dna fragments of plasmids, carrying the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance, as a method for antibiotic resistance, genes screening. kanamycin resistance in the majority of strains is coded by aph (3') ii gene, streptomycin resistance by aph (3") gene, chloramphenicol resista ... | 1987 | 3328826 |
| [construction of a typhoid-dysentery bivalent strain with typhoid ty21a and dysentery t32-istrati strains]. | | 1987 | 3329424 |
| [biochemical aspects of an endotoxin model for endogenous uveitis]. | | 1987 | 3329451 |
| [research on enteropathogenic bacteria from children with acute diarrhea, in belo horizonte, mg]. | enteropathogenic bacteria were searched in feces of 80 children with acute diarrhea from the lower social economical level, all of them younger than twenty seven months old, and without any antimicrobial therapy, in belo horizonte, mg, brazil, from june 1981 to august 1982. the following enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 46 children: shigella in 12 children (15.00%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in 12 children (15.00%), classic enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 9 children (11.2 ... | 1987 | 3329905 |
| xylose lysine desoxycholate agar for recovering shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri from faeces. | | 1987 | 3330107 |
| factors of activation and stabilization of dna-methylases from shigella sonnei 47 and mycobacterium smegmatis butyricum cells. | a comparative study of factors of activation and stabilization of individual dna-methylases from two bacterial strains--shigella sonnei 47 and mycobacterium smegmatis butyricum--isolated by isoelectrofocusing in a ph gradient has been carried out. storage of enzymes at +4 degrees c (ph 7.5) is accompanied by periodic changes in the methylating activity. no such changes are observed when the enzymes are stored at pi of the protein. in this case the methylases with alkaline or close to neutral val ... | 1987 | 3331085 |
| on a survey of plasmid dna in the clinically isolated shigella strains in shanghai area and comparison with those from south east asia. | | 1987 | 3331655 |
| [a comparison of manual methods and enterotube ii (roche) for the identification of gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from feces]. | the enterotube ii and classic manual methods were used in parallel to identify 100 members of the enteric bacteria isolated from feces culture. among these isolated bacteria shigella, salmonella and e. coli were found 34%, 25%, 22% respectively. the enterotube ii and classic manual methods gave the same results for identification of salmonella and shigella. the enterotube ii correctly identified 98% of all gram negative enteric bacteria. other advantages and disadvantages of these methods are di ... | 1987 | 3332703 |
| increase in multiresistance of shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain in rwanda. | | 1987 | 3333152 |
| a retrospective analysis of the occurrence of shigella flexneri serotypes in some african countries. | | 1987 | 3333153 |
| clinical features, including haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in children of rangoon. | | 1987 | 3333769 |
| outbreak of dysentery due to shigella flexneri type 2a. | | 1987 | 3333777 |
| some biological properties of outer membrane proteins of shigella. | outer membrane proteins (omp) derived from two antigenically different representatives of shigella (sh. flexneri 3a and sh. sonnei phase i) were tested for the toxicity, pyrogenicity, ability to induce shwartzman reaction as well as for their influence on the leukocyte system. ld50 dose determined on mice was 28 mg/kg for omp of sh. flexneri and 23 mg/kg for omp of sh. sonnei. both preparations injected intravenously to rabbits caused moderate increase of body temperature, expressed by the value ... | 1987 | 3334007 |
| shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 inhibits protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by inactivation of aminoacyl-trna binding. | inhibition of the peptide elongation cycle of eukaryotic protein synthesis by shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 was examined in toxin-treated reticulocyte lysate mixtures. peptidyl transferase activity of toxin-treated ribosomes was measured by following the decrease in peptidyl-trna concentrations when puromycin was added after incubation with toxin. concentrations of [3h]leucine-labeled peptidyl-trna were measured by extraction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. the data suggest that s ... | 1986 | 3334156 |
| genetics of virulence in shigella. | | 1986 | 3334157 |
| [virulence plasmids of pathogenic enterobacteria]. | | 1987 | 3334270 |
| susceptibility of enteric pathogens to amoxicillin and clavulanate-potentiated amoxicillin. | | 1987 | 3334666 |
| aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis in children. | during a 20-month period 55 strains of aeromonas species were isolated from 53 children with diarrhea. the isolation rate of 2.5% for aeromonas compared with the rates of 4.5% for shigella, 3.3% for salmonella, 2.7% for campylobacter and 0.05% for yersinia. in 45 children aeromonas was the sole bacterial enteropathogen identified. aeromonas was also isolated from 2 (0.5%) of 380 asymptomatic children. despite its known lack of identifiable virulence properties, aeromonas caviae was the most prev ... | 1988 | 3340460 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute infantile diarrhoea in cape town. | the results of a year-long controlled study on the causation of acute infectious diarrhoea in infants are reported. campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni, rotavirus and certain enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) types were identified as the most common enteropathogens. shigella, salmonella group b and yersinia enterocolitica were significant but less common pathogens. campylobacter, rotavirus, the significant epec types and shigella infections were more frequent in the warm summer and autu ... | 1988 | 3340928 |
| pathogenic micro-organisms and helminths in sewage products, arabian gulf, country of bahrain. | fecal and sludge samples from the arabian gulf country of bahrain contained poliomyelitis and coxackie viruses, coliform bacteria, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella sonni, fecal streptococci, balantidium coli, ascaris lumbricoides and hymenolepis nana eggs, and strongyloides stercoralis. sludge produced in the central sewage treatment plant is used for agricultural purposes and poses a threat to public health. recommendations to reduce the potential health hazards are made. | 1988 | 3341504 |
| proctitis and fatal septicemia caused by plesiomonas shigelloides in a bisexual man. | a case of proctitis and fatal septicemia caused by plesiomonas shigelloides in a 42-year-old bisexual male is reported. the medical history of the patient was significant for an aortic valve replacement 3 years before but was otherwise unremarkable. a serum specimen obtained at autopsy was negative for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. p. shigelloides isolated from blood was susceptible to all antibiotics tested, agglutinated in shigella group d anti ... | 1988 | 3343334 |
| invasiveness of enterobacteria related to the presence of high molecular weight plasmids. | a study of 41 strains of shigella, escherichia coli, and salmonella was performed. the presence of high-molecular-weight plasmids, invasiveness in hep-2 cells and the ability to produce a positive serény test were tested. five of the seven strains of salmonella typhimurium harboured a 62 md plasmid and invaded hep-2 cells. two strains of s. typhimurium and a s. paratyphi-b strain lacked plasmids but were still invasive. among the 27 strains of shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) 25 strain ... | 1988 | 3345245 |
| nutritional requirements of shigellae for growth in a minimal medium. | most (about 81%) of the clinical isolates of shigellae that were tested failed to grow in a minimal medium. of the auxotrophic isolates belonging to the four shigella species, 98% grew in a minimal medium containing methionine, nicotinic acid, and tryptophan. the combination of methionine and tryptophan appears to be an obligatory requirement for shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains, while the combination of nicotinic acid and tryptophan appears to be obligatory for serotype 2. requirements w ... | 1988 | 3346071 |
| susceptibilities of hong kong isolates of multiply resistant shigella spp. to 25 antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin plus sulbactam and new 4-quinolones. | seventy-two percent of 129 shigella isolates from two hong kong hospitals were shigella flexneri. twenty-six percent were s. sonnei, and there was only one isolate each of s. dysenteriae and s. boydii. ninety-six percent of the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics, and up to 11 resistances were seen in a single isolate. fifty-seven percent or more of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole; and up to twenty-thre ... | 1988 | 3348608 |
| enrichment for plesiomonas shigelloides from stools. | bile peptone broth and alkaline peptone water (ph 8.5) were examined as enrichment media for the isolation of plesiomonas shigelloides from stools, with salmonella-shigella agar as the isolation medium. after 423 parallel examinations in two different experiments, bile peptone broth enrichment for 24 h was observed to be six times more effective (p less than 0.01) than direct plating alone on salmonella-shigella agar. bile peptone broth was found to be twice as effective as alkaline peptone wate ... | 1988 | 3366874 |
| kell blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria. | to understand better the relationships between blood-group antigens and bacterial constituents, examples of 23 gram-negative bacteria (representing the 10 genera citrobacter, edwardsiella, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia, and shigella) were tested for the presence of kl-like antigens by hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) assays against both igg and igm anti-kl. saline-suspended whole organisms, cell-free culture media, and disrupted organisms were ... | 1988 | 3368935 |
| the phylogenetic origin of the bifunctional tyrosine-pathway protein in the enteric lineage of bacteria. | because bifunctional enzymes are distinctive and highly conserved products of relatively infrequent gene-fusion events, they are particularly useful markers to identify clusters of organisms at different hierarchical levels of a phylogenetic tree. within the subdivision of gram-negative bacteria known as superfamily b, there are two distinctive types of tyrosine-pathway dehydrogenases: (1) a broad-specificity dehydrogenase (recently termed cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase [cdh]) that can utilize ei ... | 1988 | 3386529 |
| activity of cefotaxime and amikacin against 14,272 gram-negative bacteria from clinical samples in the period 1980 to 1985. | the sensitivity to cefotaxime and amikacin of 14,272 gram-negative bacilli (enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli) isolated from clinical samples was studied during the period 1980 to 1985. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by means of diffusion in agar. strains were considered resistant to cefotaxime and amikacin if the mic values were greater than 16 mg/l and greater than 8 mg/l, respectively. the mic90 reached the critical value for cefotaxime in ... | 1988 | 3396470 |
| acute gastroenteritis: clinical features according to etiologic agents. | the clinical manifestations in 595 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis during a 15-month time frame were studied. they were divided into eight groups according to etiologic agent: rotavirus (203 patients); salmonellae (98); escherichia coli (55); campylobacter (36); shigella (22); combined rotavirus and salmonellae (44); combined rotavirus and other bacteria (26); and no pathogen (111). the mean duration of diarrhea was shortest in the rotavirus and "no pathogen" groups (4.8 and 5.6 days, ... | 1988 | 3402153 |
| prospective study of diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of rural mexican children: incidence and isolated pathogens during the first two years of life. | colonization of the intestine by putative pathogens was followed longitudinally in a cohort of 56 infants born during one calendar year in a rural mexican village with faecal cultures taken every fortnight and every time a child had diarrhoea. the frequency of isolation of pathogens during episodes of diarrhoea was compared with that of matched controls from the same cohort. incidence of diarrhoea during the first year of life was 98%, diminishing to 93% during the second year. the incidence cur ... | 1988 | 3402544 |
| etiology of diarrhea among travelers and foreign residents in nepal. | a bacterial pathogen was isolated from 47% of 328 expatriate patients with diarrhea seen at two medical clinics in nepal in 1986. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (24%), shigella (14%), and campylobacter species (9%) were isolated most frequently. enteroinvasive and adherence factor-positive e coli were isolated from 2% and 1% of patients, respectively. giardia lamblia was detected in 12% of patients, rotavirus in 8%, and cryptosporidium and entamoeba histolytica each in 5%. blastocystis hominis ... | 1988 | 3404637 |
| occurrence of plesiomonas shigelloides in humans and water in zaria, nigeria. | a total of 1,171 human faeces and 269 water samples were examined for plesiomonas shigelloides in zaria. the rate of isolation for humans was 0.17% while the detection rates in pond and well water samples were 7.4% and 0.6% respectively. no recoveries were made from water samples taken from streams, dams, tanks and taps. neither shigella nor salmonella was isolated from the water samples tested. it is concluded that water may play a role in the epidemiology of p. shigelloides but may not be a co ... | 1988 | 3405099 |
| acute diarrhoea in adults: aetiology, clinical appearance and therapeutic aspects. | a prospective study of acute diarrhoea was performed during 15 months 1981/1982 and included 731 patients and 240 controls. 43% had been infected abroad. a cluster of travellers with bacterial pathogens was diagnosed in july-august. the following pathogens were found: campylobacter (18%), enterotoxigenic e. coli (6%), salmonella spp. (5%), rotavirus (4%), yersinia enterocolitica (3%), giardia lamblia (3%), shigella spp. (2%), clostridium difficile (2%), enteroviruses (2%) and entamoeba histolyti ... | 1988 | 3406670 |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation in post-dysenteric haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | coagulation studies were carried out in 14 children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome that followed acute dysentery. stool cultures showed shigella dysenteriae in 3 cases and were sterile in the remainder. prolongation of the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time and raised levels of fibrinogen degradation products were found in 12 cases, indicating the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. renal histologic examination showed cortical necrosis in ... | 1987 | 3425309 |
| correlation of the iga response in intestinal secretions with cellular events in the development of mucosal immunity. | | 1987 | 3425469 |
| [shigellosis in north rwanda 1982-1985]. | | 1987 | 3426312 |
| [effects of loperamide on fecal electrolyte excretion in acute diarrhea in infants]. | the effect of loperamide (imodium) on fecal excretion of electrolytes was studied using a double-blind protocol in 63 infants aged 1 to 32 months, presenting with acute diarrhea. the etiology of these infections was due to virus (n = 9), e. coli (n = 4), salmonella (n = 4), shigella (n = 2) or was of undetermined origin (n = 34). the therapeutic protocol was the same for all the infants: ad libitum oral rehydration, with no drug being administered except for imodium at an average dose of 20 to 2 ... | 1987 | 3426370 |
| a demographic survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in england. a public health laboratory service survey. | five laboratories serving a population of 1.5 million participated in a 2-year survey of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella infections in patients suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms. in total, 33,857 faecal specimens were examined of which 5.5% yielded campylobacters, 3.4% salmonellas and 0.8% shigellas; incidence of infection (per 100,000 population per year) was 58, 38 and 9 respectively. peak incidences occurred at different ages for each organism: campylobacter, 1-4 years (183); sa ... | 1987 | 3428371 |
| segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in bangladesh. | to describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (sne) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in bangladesh with this lesion detected at autopsy were examined and compared with two groups of diarrhoeal control patients. gross pathology consisted of purplish or black mucosal or transmural discoloration with erosions or ulcerations in segments of the jejunum or ileum of 18 cases and of the colon alon ... | 1987 | 3428668 |
| shigellosis in children. | | 1987 | 3428993 |
| media for the isolation of shigella. | | 1987 | 3429798 |
| cryptosporidial diarrhoea in children. | by auramine and modified ziehl-neelsen staining, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the stools of 31 (1.36%) out of 2,367 patients with diarrhoea. all specimens were also tested for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, yersinia, and rotavirus. among these patients, 432 were children and 24 (5.5%) of them were positive for cryptosporidia. all children infected with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent. watery diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain were the most frequent symptoms. the survey sho ... | 1987 | 3436676 |
| two-hour miniaturized system for detection of enteropathogenic bacteria in stool cultures. | a miniaturized 2-h system for detection of lactose-negative potentially enteropathogenic bacteria on the basis of nine enzymatic tests was evaluated. the system was challenged with 210 strains of lactose-negative and lactose-positive species grown on macconkey agar. specific and constant patterns were found for salmonella, shigella a-c, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas spp. and vibrio cholerae. shigella sonnei and hafnia alvei had an identical pattern, likewise plesiomonas shigelloides, haloph ... | 1987 | 3440458 |
| serological investigations on the cause of diarrhoea on the cape verde islands. | in the serological tests 45.9% of all samples reacted positive against rota virus. 20.8% of samples revealed entamoeba histolytica positive sera, 25% shigella flexneri positive sera, 12.3% shigella sonnei and 13% shigella dysenteriae positive sera. campylobacter jejuni antibodies were found in 19% of samples, whereas 6.3% of sera reacted positive against yersinia enterocolitica type 3 and 4.8% against type 9. | 1987 | 3443746 |
| investigations in the problem of diarrhoea in the melut district, south sudan (1981-1982). | studies of diseases associated with diarrhoea in the melut district of south sudan in the years 1981-1982 showed amoebic dysentery and rota-virus to be predominate, whereby according to our previous results yersinia, campylobacter, shigella and salmonella infections also play a role. in addition other parasitological bacterial and viral-infections are presumed. | 1987 | 3443749 |
| serological investigations for the cause of diarrhoea among patients and personnel in the minna and abeokuta hospitals/nigeria. | 188 blood samples were investigated for antibodies against bacteria causing diarrhoea in two hospitals in minna and abeokuta in nigeria. antibodies were found against entamoeba histolytica, yersinia enterocolitica, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi c, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri and rotavirus. | 1987 | 3443752 |
| childhood enteritis: a community study. | the population aged 0-12 years living in the area of an italian local health unit (about 8,800 children) was studied for one year in order to estimate the overall incidence rate of enteritis and the incidence rates of diarrheas from bacterial agents. all children complaining of acute diarrhea and seen by the pediatric practices of the study area were recorded by date, age, and sex; the microbiological study of stools was performed for a sample of patients. all hospitalized cases of childhood ent ... | 1987 | 3449099 |
| medical problems in ethiopian refugees airlifted to israel: experience in 131 patients admitted to a general hospital. | within a 2 month period 131 ethiopian immigrants were admitted for treatment at a general hospital in jerusalem. there were 52 patients with malaria, 13 with typhoid fever, 24 with pneumonia, seven with tuberculosis, nine with shigella and 11 with campylobacter. over three-quarters of these patients were anaemic. in the majority of cases anaemia was normocytic and was most probably secondary to malaria and other intercurrent infections. the prevalence of diffuse non-toxic goitre was 7% in childr ... | 1986 | 3464761 |
| comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. | the in vitro activities of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were tested against five selected groups of clinical bacterial isolates. both were active against: staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, irrespective of their resistance to methicillin or gentamicin; haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae, irrespective of their beta-lactamase production; members of the enterobacteriaceae family which were resistant to most oral beta-lactams, and most intestinal bacterial pathogens i ... | 1986 | 3469153 |
| effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cell monolayers. | preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (ec) monolayers with 1 ng to 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide (lps) increased the binding of t lymphocytes to ec. the effect was maximal at lps concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml, and occurred with lps derived from escherichia coli (serotypes 0111:b4 and 0127:b8), shigella flexneri (serotype 2a), serratia marcescens (serotype 0:3), and yersinia entercolitica (serotype 0:3). the increased binding appeared to be mediated primarily th ... | 1986 | 3484495 |
| bacteremia and fungemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | forty-nine episodes of bacteremia and fungemia occurred in 38 of 336 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome seen at our institution since 1980. there were five types of infections. infections commonly associated with a t-cell immunodeficiency disorder comprised 16 episodes and included those with salmonella species, listeria monocytogenes, cryptococcus neoformans, and histoplasma capsulatum. infections commonly associated with a b-cell immunodeficiency disorder included those with ... | 1986 | 3485396 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ... | 1986 | 3485506 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074). | ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ... | 1986 | 3490827 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s. | 6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ... | 1986 | 3492172 |
| ocular trace metal kinetics and toxicology. i. the distribution of intravitreally injected 67cu++ within intraocular compartments and its loss from the globe. | radioactive copper (67cu++) was injected into the center of the vitreous body of rabbits. the relatively rapid initial loss of 67cu from the vitreous was associated with its accumulation in intraocular tissues. at 24 hr, 20% of the injected 67cu was found in the retina, representing the highest 67cu concentration among all ocular tissues, and this high 67cu concentration was maintained in this tissue throughout the 10-day observation period. significant amounts of 67cu were not detected in the a ... | 1987 | 3492478 |
| development of vaccines against shigellosis: memorandum from a who meeting. | endemic shigellosis is a worldwide problem, with a high morbidity rate in most developing countries; substantial mortality may also occur, especially with disease caused by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. the limited efficacy of current measures to control this infection makes the development of vaccines for the prevention of shigellosis particularly important. this memorandum describes the clinical features of and immunity to shigellosis, summarizes the present status of efforts to develop sui ... | 1987 | 3495364 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, cgp 31608. | the in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. cgp 31608 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, and salmonella, shigella, aeromonas, and yersinia spp. with mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and mic90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem mics of less than 0.2 ... | 1987 | 3496845 |
| enzymatic activities in the iris-ciliary body of the rabbit eye during experimentally induced acute ocular inflammation. | intravitreal injection of 5 micrograms of shigella endotoxin, in the rabbit eye, induced an acute inflammatory response which was characterised by conjunctival hyperaemia, limbal and ciliary vascular injection, iritis, aqueous flare, miosis and reduction in intraocular pressure. iris-ciliary body tissues, from normal and inflamed eyes, were fractionated into subcellular enriched fractions and the activities and distribution of selected enzymes were estimated. alkaline phosphatase, a plasma membr ... | 1987 | 3497778 |
| causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in bangladesh. | the cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. children under 5 years comprised 74% of the patients. diarrhoeal pathogens were identified as shigella spp. in 27%, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in 17%, entamoeba histolytica in 16%, campylobacter jejuni in 12%, salmonella spp. in 4%, vibrio cholerae in 4%, and giardia lambliain 4% of cases. the most frequent underlying causes of death were co ... | 1987 | 3499247 |
| beta-lactamase diversity in shigella spp. | | 1987 | 3501873 |
| shigellosis in zaria, northern nigeria. | 368 strains of shigella were recovered from stool specimens in the department of medical microbiology, ahmadu bello university teaching hospital, zaria, during the period january 1980 to december 1984. s. flexneri was found to be the most common (60%) followed by s. boydii (20.7%), s. dysenteriae (14.1%) and s. sonnei (5.2%). males were more frequently infected (61.4%) than females (38.6%). maximum cases were seen in the 21-to 40-year age group (48.9%). almost two-thirds of the cases of shigello ... | 1987 | 3503400 |
| shigellosis induced acute watery diarrhoea at delhi. | | 1987 | 3507447 |
| salmonella cytotoxin: a component of the bacterial outer membrane. | salmonella cytotoxin present in cell-free sonic lysates causes rounding and detachment of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. although the precise role of this toxin in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis is unclear, cytotoxin production by salmonella could account for tissue damage or possibly, facilitate invasion. a variety of other bacteria (e.g. shigella, escherichia, legionella) have been shown to form soluble cytotoxins, many of which may be involved in pathogenesis. the data in this report i ... | 1986 | 3508497 |
| multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens cultured from stools of acute cases of diarrhea in cairo, egypt. | | 1987 | 3509426 |
| natural cytotoxic effector cell activity against shigella flexneri-infected hela cells. | virus and facultative intracellular bacteria both replicate within a host cell. the recognition and killing of virus-infected cells by natural killer (nk) cells is thought to be an important host immune function. however, little is known about immune recognition of bacteria-infected cells. in this report, we show for the first time that human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and large granular lymphocytes (lgl) purified from pbl have significant levels of cytotoxic activity against shigella fl ... | 1986 | 3510252 |
| cutaneous shigellosis. | | 1986 | 3510587 |
| shigellaemia in adults: case reports and literature review. | | 1986 | 3510864 |
| rectal histology in acute bacillary dysentery. | a recent epidemic of acute shigella dysentery in west bengal (india) provided us with an opportunity to examine the rectal mucosal abnormalities seen in this condition. one hundred two patients were investigated using sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy, and rectal swab for culture. pure culture of shigella was obtained in 37 cases, and the rectal biopsy specimens from these patients were assessed in detail. the mean (+/- sd) duration of illness was 47.8 +/- 27.4 h (range 8-120 h), and most patients (3 ... | 1986 | 3510937 |
| multiplication of shigella flexneri within hela cells: lysis of the phagocytic vacuole and plasmid-mediated contact hemolysis. | virulent strains of shigella flexneri invade hela cells with high efficiency. this crucial step in the pathogenic process is encoded by a 140-megadalton plasmid which induces phagocytosis of the bacteria by host cells. in this report we used pwr100, the virulence plasmid of s. flexneri serotype 5, and phs4108, a 32-megadalton subclone of pwr100, to demonstrate that the plasmid is also responsible for rapid intracellular growth of the bacteria. the ability to replicate intracellularly was not cor ... | 1986 | 3510976 |
| molecular cloning of a genetic determinant for congo red binding ability which is essential for the virulence of shigella flexneri. | a dna sequence of about 1.0 kilobase (kb) derived from a 230-kb (140-megadalton) plasmid in a fully virulent shigella flexneri 2a strain, ysh6000, was cloned into escherichia coli k-12 by selecting for the ability to bind congo red (pcr+ phenotype). it was mapped and localized within the sali restriction fragment f on the plasmid. this clone converted an s. flexneri strain which is avirulent as a result of a small deletion in the plasmid to full virulence but did not convert those without the 23 ... | 1986 | 3510977 |
| the use of mice in the sereny test as a virulence assay of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | we examined the possibility that mice could be used in the sereny test instead of guinea pigs or rabbits. although the reactions in mice were more transient and not as pronounced as those in guinea pigs, mice indeed could be used to distinguish even macroscopically between virulent and avirulent shigellae. virulent enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains were also positive for the mouse sereny test. we described the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the mouse eyes. thus, mice are recomme ... | 1986 | 3510985 |
| colonic perforation in shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | | 1986 | 3511451 |
| pediatric diarrhea: the challenge of prevention. | conditions such as poverty, underdevelopment, and lack of education facilitate the widespread transmission of the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease, dysentery, and enteric fever in young children. such infections produce high rates of morbidity, mortality, and adverse nutritional consequences in the first 2 years of life. although rapid socioeconomic development has produced a precipitous decline in mortality due to diarrheal disease in the developed world, such a trend is not likely in d ... | 1986 | 3511461 |
| classical bacterial diarrhea: perspectives and update--salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, aeromonas and plesiomonas. | impressive advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms of diarrhea production and of the epidemiologic importance of these "classical" bacterial enteropathogens have been accomplished, but many areas are in need of further exploration. the recent development of gene probes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the identification of epec, etec and eiec will enhance immeasurably the ability to carry out large scale epidemiologic studies which are still needed to clarify the global imp ... | 1986 | 3511463 |
| [method of accelerated detection of the causative agents of dysentery and their antigens in water]. | | 1986 | 3512380 |
| adherence of non-fimbriate entero-invasive escherichia coli o124 to guinea pig intestinal tract in vitro and in vivo. | the adherence properties of non-fimbriate entero-invasive escherichia coli o124 in the guinea pig intestinal tract were studied. quantitative in-vitro determinations were done by incubating radiolabelled bacteria with suspensions of viable intestinal cells released by treating loops of the guinea pig intestine with solutions containing edta, dithiothreitol and citrate. non-bound bacteria were separated from the intestinal cells on a percoll gradient. only cells released from the colon, especiall ... | 1986 | 3512837 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis sonnei in new castle county, delaware. | | 1986 | 3514284 |
| the use of furoxone: a perspective. | acute infectious diarrhoea is a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality. some of the major diarrhoeal diseases are cholera, typhoid fever, shigellosis (bacillary dysentery), salmonellosis, "travellers' diarrhoea", and giardiasis these diseases can be avoided with proper education, sanitation, and hygiene. however, the majority of these diseases occur most frequently in areas of the world where political and social upheaval, poverty, overcrowding, and a lack of education prevail. although vac ... | 1986 | 3514312 |
| ultrastructural pathology of the rectal mucosa in shigella dysentery. | colonocyte damage in the rectal mucosa in shigellosis is the result of bacterial invasion and leads to ulceration. additional factors in colonocyte damage may be the shigella cytotoxin and, especially in colonic crypt cells, bacterial endotoxin. a vascular lesion was present in the lamina propria of the rectal mucosa, which resembled endothelial damage secondary to bacterial endotoxins. in patients with longer duration of symptoms, relative vascular insufficiency, activated lymphocytes, eosinoph ... | 1986 | 3515957 |
| identification of enteric pathogens in the small and large intestine of children with diarrhea. | enteric pathogens were identified in children with diarrhea from duodenal specimens obtained with a string capsule and from fecal specimens. rotavirus was identified in stools of 43 of 100 children, and was recovered from the small intestine from nine (21%) children who were excreting this virus. shigella was isolated from stools from 22, salmonella from 17, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from eight, and aeromonas hydrophila from one of 100 children with diarrhea. in contrast to rotavirus, sal ... | 1986 | 3516549 |
| the role of shigella spp., enteroinvasive escherichia coli, and other enteropathogens as causes of childhood dysentery in thailand. | shigella spp. were isolated from 44%, pleisomonas shigelloides from 22%, campylobacter spp. from 16%, and salmonella spp. from 10% of 200 thai children with mucoid or bloody diarrhea. enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) was identified by examining isolates of e. coli for plasmids larger than 120 megadaltons (mda), by identifying e. coli with a virulence marker antigen in an elisa, and by performing dna hybridization with a 17-kilobase (kb) ecori digestion fragment of plasmid pwr100 (a 140-mda ... | 1986 | 3517189 |
| shigella bacteremia in adults. | | 1986 | 3517402 |
| characterization of transferable plasmids from shigella flexneri 2a that confer resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. | a set of plasmids conferring resistance to several antibiotics, including the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, has been isolated from escherichia coli following conjugative cotransfer from a clinical isolate of shigella flexneri 2a. one of the plasmids, pcn1, was shown by subcloning and dna sequencing to carry a gene encoding a trimethoprim-insensitive dihydrofolate reductase identical to that found in e. coli transposon 7. this plasmid was also shown to confer resistance to bot ... | 1986 | 3517903 |
| [trial of the protective activity of ribosomal sonne vaccine in monkeys]. | | 1986 | 3518271 |
| [population migrations and the epidemic process of flexner and sonne dysentery]. | analysis of the materials from the khabarovsk territory for the representative period of 25 years (1956-1980) revealed the influence of the migration of the population on the level and dynamics of morbidity in different kinds of dysentery, flexner's dysentery shown to occur more frequently than sonne dysentery. intensive migrations increase the proportion of susceptible persons among the population, thus facilitating the formation and circulation of shigella strains with pronounced virulence. | 1986 | 3518299 |
| [development of the classification of bacteria in the genus shigella]. | | 1986 | 3518304 |
| [bactericidal and immunocorrective properties of plant extracts]. | extract from oak cork, st. john's wort leaves and flowers and pine buds possess more pronounced bactericidal properties with respect to staphylococci, shigellae, escherichia coli than decoctions from these medicinal plants. such extracts may be included into complexes for the treatment of otorhinolaryngological diseases, enterocolitis in children and bacterial eczema. as a medicinal form, extract prepared from medicinal plants are more convenient for storage and permit more exact dosage. | 1986 | 3518308 |
| control of day care shigellosis: a trial of convalescent day care in isolation. | simultaneous outbreaks of s. sonnei infections occurred in september 1983 at two day care centers in seattle, washington. at both centers, there were high rates of diarrheal illness in the children (22/80 and 11/23, respectively), in staff members, and in family members of the ill children. the smaller center was temporarily closed, but the larger one remained open. convalescent children and staff whose diarrhea had resolved and who were receiving appropriate antimicrobials were allowed to retur ... | 1986 | 3518498 |
| prevention of traveler's diarrhea by the tablet form of bismuth subsalicylate. | in a randomized double-blind study, swiss adults traveling to tropical countries for 12 to 28 days took a solid formulation of bismuth subsalicylate (1.05 or 2.1 g/day on a twice-daily regimen) or placebo. efficacy was evaluated in 231 volunteers. diarrheal incidence was reduced by 41% in persons taking the high dose (p = 0.007) and by 35% in those taking the low dose (p = 0.03) with excellent compliance. no serious adverse reactions occurred, but objectionable taste, constipation, and nausea we ... | 1986 | 3518624 |
| comparative efficacies of single intravenous doses of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for shigellosis in a placebo-controlled trial. | to evaluate ceftriaxone for the treatment of shigellosis, 94 adult males with acute dysentery were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone (1 g), ampicillin (4 g), or saline placebo intravenously in single doses in a double-blind design. stool cultures were positive for shigella dysenteriae in 52 patients, s. flexneri in 38 patients, and other species in 4 patients. both ceftriaxone and ampicillin caused reductions in the mean duration of fever and the means of daily stool frequency 2 to 4 days ... | 1986 | 3518625 |
| comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cgp 31523a, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of cgp 31523a, an aminothiazolyl cephem, was compared to that of other cephalosporins--imipenem, aztreonam, carbenicillin, and gentamicin. cgp 31523a inhibited e. coli, k. pneumoniae, p. mirabilis, c. diversus, k. oxytoca, p. stuartii, salmonella and shigella at less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. it was equal or 2-fold more active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and 4-fold more active than imipenem against these organisms. it inhibited all carbenicillin and gentamic ... | 1986 | 3518967 |
| immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga subclass pattern of human antibodies to shigella flexneri and salmonella serogroup b and d lipopolysaccharide o antigens. | the subclass distribution of human serum antibodies to the o-antigenic lipopolysaccharides of salmonella serogroups b and d and to shigella flexneri serotypes 1b, 2a, and 4a lipopolysaccharide antigens were analyzed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies to the immunoglobulin subclasses. the patients had culture-verified salmonella (17 swedes) or shigella flexneri (23 vietnamese; 11 children and 12 adults) infections. consecutive samples drawn during 1 year postinfect ... | 1986 | 3519461 |
| the relation between production of cytotoxin and clinical features in shigellosis. | the relation between in vitro production of hela cell cytotoxin by strains of shigella and clinical symptomatology was determined for 35 travelers from the united states who developed shigellosis in guadalajara, mexico. there were 25 patients with shigella sonnei, eight with shigella flexneri, one with shigella boydii, and one with shigella dysenteriae. these strains were evaluated for in vitro production of cytotoxin. the amount of cytotoxin did not correlate with the number of stools passed, t ... | 1986 | 3519788 |
| pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. xi. isolation of a shigella toxin-binding glycolipid from rabbit jejunum and hela cells and its identification as globotriaosylceramide. | a glycolipid that specifically binds shigella toxin was isolated from both hela cells and rabbit jejunal mucosa and identified as globotriaosylceramide (gb3) by its identical mobility on hptlc to authentic erythrocyte gb3. toxin also bound to a band tentatively identified as alpha-hydroxylated gb3. in addition, toxin bound to p1 antigen present in group b human erythrocyte glycolipid extracts. the common feature of the three binding glycolipids is a terminal gal alpha 1----4gal disaccharide link ... | 1986 | 3519828 |
| [dynamics of shigella interaction with the epithelium in the infection process]. | the study of the adhesion of shigella flexneri to intestinal mucosal explants from human postabortion fetuses, used as an experimental model, has revealed that the process of interaction between the infective agent and the epithelium develops in accordance with langmuir's equation of the adsorption isotherm. the specific biological feature of the adhesive interaction between bacteria and the mucous membrane is the fact that the effective adhesion of microbes is possible only in case of their hig ... | 1986 | 3521158 |
| [effect of the type of microbial toxin on the character of pulmonary function disorders in septic shock]. | | 1986 | 3521396 |
| [conjugative r-plasmids simultaneously belonging to the 2 incompatibility groups inc i zeta and inc b]. | five plasmids detected in the clinical strains of shigella were studied. the plasmids had similar phenotypes of antibiotic resistance and allotted streptomycin and tetracycline resistance to the host cell. none of them allotted the bacterial cells with sensitivity to phages specific for the inc groups f, n, p and i. the molecular weights of the plasmids ranged from 47 to 50 md. the studies on the incompatibility showed that pkmr 227, pkmr 228-1, pkmr 231, pkmr 242-1 and pkmr 245 plasmids simulta ... | 1986 | 3521469 |
| two toxin-converting phages from escherichia coli o157:h7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities. | escherichia coli o157:h7 strain 933 contains two distinct toxin-converting phages (933j and 933w). the biologic activities and antigenic relationship between the toxins produced by 933j and 933w lysogens of e. coli k-12, as well as the homology of the genes that encode the two toxins, were examined in this study. the 933j and 933w toxins, like shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1, were cytotoxic for the same cell lines, caused paralysis and death in mice, and caused fluid accumula ... | 1986 | 3522426 |
| expression of the unassembled capsid protein during infection of shigella sonnei by bacteriophage t7 results in dna damage that is repairable by bacteriophage t3, but not t7, dna ligase. | the abortive infection of bacteriophage t7 in shigella sonnei d2 371-48 is characterized by a premature inhibition of phage dna replication and nucleolytic breakdown of all phage dna. mutations in t7 gene 10 which are recessive to the presence of the wild-type allele can alleviate the restriction of phage growth. phage t3 productively infects s. sonnei d2 371-48, as does a t7-t3 hybrid phage that contains, in particular, a gene 10 of t7 origin. it is the presence of t3 dna ligase that allows pha ... | 1986 | 3522545 |