| chlamydial persistence: beyond the biphasic paradigm. | | 2004 | 15039303 |
| [infectious and inflammatory factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis]. | although the metabolic syndrome together with insulin resistance and their consequences are probably basic factors in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammatory and infectious aspects of this process are unquestionable only in some of the patients. endothelial dysfunction was identified both in the experiment and in patients after herpes virus simplex 1 infection, cytomegaloviral infection, chlamydia pneumoniae infection, or helicobacter pylori infection. however, it is not clear whether it i ... | 2003 | 15040164 |
| macrolide therapy for chlamydia pneumoniae in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | as recent studies have shown that antibiotic therapy to eradicate chlamydia pneumoniae may be beneficial in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, and studies to date may have lacked statistical power, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the role of antibiotic therapy in this patient population. | 2004 | 15040646 |
| a thermostable manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae. | the gene cp0718 encoding a putative manganese-containing superoxide dismutase of chlamydia pneumoniae ar39 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. characterization showed that the expressed protein with a monomeric molecular mass of 23.1 kda had superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and the cofactor of cpsod was a bivalent manganese cation. it is unexpected that this enzyme was hyperthermostable, and maintained about 90% activity after incubation at 70 degrees c for 60 min. manganese binding ... | 2004 | 15043996 |
| first-choice antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations induce persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae. | persistent growth forms of chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with chronic infections in vivo. we investigated the effects of first-line therapeutics on the induction of persistence by monitoring recoverable organisms, gene expression of membrane proteins, and morphology. we found that all of the antibiotics tested have distinct and subinhibitory concentrations at which they induce persistence. | 2004 | 15047553 |
| [molecular diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae diseases]. | chlamydia pneumoniae (c. p.) is an intracellular parasite directly involved in respiratory disease and more recently in chronic degenerative pathologies as atherosclerosis and asthma. its peculiar life cycle makes cultural isolation difficult, thus, troublesome the diagnosis of the disease. serology is so far the most common method of diagnosis of the, although the indirect based evidence of the serology may give clinically misleading results. nucleic acid amplification methods offer indeed rapi ... | 2003 | 15049542 |
| identification of chlamydophila pneumoniae in an emerald tree boa, corallus caninus. | tissues were evaluated from emerald tree boas, corallus caninus, from a collection in which chlamydiosis was diagnosed. to determine the strain of chlamydia infecting these snakes, tissue samples from 5 frozen snakes were tested by a quantitative taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test and a pcr sequence analysis test. of the 22 samples tested, 9 were categorized as either positive or weakly positive with the taqman test, and 6 yielded an amplicon using a serial pcr test that amplified a por ... | 2004 | 15053368 |
| acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following doxycycline treatment of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a patient with dermatomyositis. | a 48-year-old white female who was suffering from dermatomyositis and chlamydia pneumoniae infection, developed acute rapidly fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) following treatment with steroids and doxycycline. as a relationship between ttp and the inflammatory myopathies is now probably well established, it is very likely that our patient's ttp became manifest in association with dermatomyositis. nevertheless, c. pneumoniae infection and doxycycline therapy cannot be excluded enti ... | 2004 | 15053810 |
| comparative study of the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492. | the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492, was determined. | 2004 | 15056651 |
| use of quantitative and objective enzyme immunoassays to investigate the possible association between chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and asthma. | sera from 150 consecutive patients with established asthma and 150 matched controls were examined for chlamydia pneumoniae igg and iga with commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eias) detecting immune response solely to surface proteins of elementary bodies. the assays were also modified to measure combined immune response to surface proteins and family-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. mycoplasma pneumoniae igg and iga were measured with new commercial eias utilising p1-enriched protei ... | 2004 | 15059128 |
| inactivation of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae by ozone. | to clarify the inhibitory effects of ozone on chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae. | 2004 | 15059212 |
| comparative genomics of gene-family size in closely related bacteria. | the wealth of genomic data in bacteria is helping microbiologists understand the factors involved in gene innovation. among these, the expansion and reduction of gene families appears to have a fundamental role in this, but the factors influencing gene family size are unclear. | 2004 | 15059260 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. | the precise epidemiology of childhood pneumonia remains poorly defined. accurate and prompt etiologic diagnosis is limited by inadequate clinical, radiologic, and laboratory diagnostic methods. the objective of this study was to determine as precisely as possible the epidemiology and morbidity of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. | 2004 | 15060215 |
| is chlamydia pneumoniae infection associated with stroke in children with sickle cell disease? | stroke is often a devastating complication of sickle cell disease (scd). most children with scd-related stroke have stenotic and occlusive disease of cerebral blood vessels due to intimal hyperplasia. this hyperplasia is hypothesized to result from an inflammatory response similar to that in atherosclerosis and has been attributed to infection by chlamydia pneumoniae. | 2004 | 15060260 |
| [lack of association between chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and common carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients]. | the current body of evidence suggests that chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infections may play a role in the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis process and related clinical complications. | 2003 | 15061602 |
| antibiotic trials for coronary heart disease. | the possibility has been raised in recent years that infection might contribute as an inflammatory stimulus to chronic "noninfectious" degenerative diseases. within the past decade, serious attention has been given to the possibility of bacterial vectors as causal factors of atherosclerosis. to date, the greatest amount of information has related to the intracellular organism chlamydia pneumoniae. this interest has been stimulated by the frequent finding of bacterial antigens and, occasionally, ... | 2004 | 15061624 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae dna is more frequent in advanced than in mild atherosclerosis lesions. | there is growing evidence of an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis. by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we detected the presence of c. pneumoniae dna in 16 of 92 (17%) arterial specimens with severe atherosclerotic lesions, and in 3 of 109 (3%) such specimens with mild atherosclerotic lesions (p < 0.01) from 49 cases with an autopsy diagnosis of cardiac death and 5 patients who underwent vascular reconstructive surgery. 14 of the 54 cases (28%) were c. p ... | 2004 | 15061666 |
| detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae in dendritic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. | dendritic cells (dcs) populate atherosclerotic lesions and might be involved in the regulation of immune reactions in atherosclerosis. the present work was undertaken to examine a possible association of dcs with chlamydophila pneumoniae in human atherosclerotic plaques obtained by endarterectomy. c. pneumoniae was identified in 17 of 60 (28%) atherosclerotic plaques by a combination of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). double immunohistochemistry identified the presence ... | 2004 | 15064091 |
| elevated antibody levels against chlamydia pneumoniae, human hsp60 and mycobacterial hsp65 are independent risk factors in myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease. | the relative significance of traditional risk factors, chronic infections and autoimmune processes in the development of acute myocardial infarction (ami) has not been fully elucidated. we compared serum igg antibody titres to various pathogens, i.e. chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and to the potential autoantigens human heat shock protein 60 (hhsp60) and mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (mhsp65), in serum samples obtained from patien ... | 2004 | 15064111 |
| rapid detection of bacterial atypical pneumonia agents by multiplex pcr. | approximately one third of community acquired pneumonia cases are caused by atypical pneumonia agents, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, and chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly chlamydia pneumoniae). the laboratory diagnosis of these organisms is difficult and time-consuming by conventional microbiological techniques. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of the important tools which can circumvent this problem. a multiplex pcr assay was developed to achieve the diagnosis of these t ... | 2004 | 15068198 |
| surfactant proteins a and d enhance the phagocytosis of chlamydia into thp-1 cells. | chlamydiae are intracellular bacterial pathogens that infect mucosal surfaces, i.e., the epithelium of the lung, genital tract, and conjunctiva of the eye, as well as alveolar macrophages. in the present study, we show that pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a) and surfactant protein d (sp-d), lung collectins involved in innate host defense, enhance the phagocytosis of chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis by thp-1 cells, a human monocyte/macrophage cell line. we also show that sp-a is ... | 2004 | 15075250 |
| acute chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in community-acquired pneumonia and exacerbations of copd or asthma: therapeutic considerations. | rates of acute chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were determined in 115 adults hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (cap), purulent exacerbations of copd and acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma, by means of serology and molecular methods. results were compared with those obtained in a matched control group. common respiratory pathogens were isolated by cultures in 22.5% and 22.2% of cap and exacerbated copd patients, respectively. cultures from exacerbated as ... | 2004 | 15078002 |
| the etiology of different forms of urticaria in childhood. | urticaria is a common disease in children. in contrast to the ease of its diagnosis, etiologic factors are often difficult to determine. in order to study whether differences exist among various forms of urticaria in childhood and whether the patterns of different types of urticaria differ between adults and children, we extensively studied the possible causes of urticaria in children. fifty-four children (23 girls and 31 boys; ages 1-19 years) with various forms of urticaria were included in th ... | 2004 | 15078346 |
| contribution of c-reactive protein to the diagnosis and assessment of severity of community-acquired pneumonia. | to assess the usefulness of serum c-reactive protein (crp) in the diagnosis and treatment approach of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2004 | 15078743 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection related atherosclerotic clinical variables on carotid stenosis. | research results showed that chlamydia pneumoniae infection is related to atherosclerosis. c. pneumoniae infection may exacerbate atherogenesis. we investigated the presence of this microorganism for patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and evaluated clinical values of c. pneumoniae infection on carotid stenosis. | 2004 | 15080954 |
| heart disease: the greatest 'risk' factor of them all. | by the turn of the last century, flying in the face of over a hundred years of research and clinical observation to the contrary, medicine abandoned the link between infection and atherogenesis; not because it was ever proven wrong, but because it did not fit in with the trends of a medical establishment convinced that chronic disease such as heart disease must be multifactorial, degenerative and non-infectious. yet it was the very inability of 'established' risk factors such as hypercholesterol ... | 2004 | 15082105 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae: crossing the barriers? | | 2004 | 15083742 |
| phagocytes transmit chlamydia pneumoniae from the lungs to the vasculature. | chlamydia pneumoniae, a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia, primarily infects the respiratory tract. chronic infection of nonrespiratory sites, such as the vascular wall, the brain or blood monocytes, requires evasion from the lungs and spreading via the bloodstream. the cell types involved in dissemination are insufficiently characterised. in this study, new zealand white rabbits were infected intratracheally with c. pneumoniae, and lung manifestation and systemic dissemination were mo ... | 2004 | 15083745 |
| microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae. | free-living amoebae feed on bacteria, fungi, and algae. however, some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to these protists. these amoeba-resistant microorganisms include established pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, legionella spp., chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycobacterium avium, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and francisella tularensis, and emerging pathogens, such as bosea spp., simkania negevensis, parachlamydia acanthamoebae, and legionella-like amoebal ... | 2004 | 15084508 |
| the occurrence of antibodies against chlamydia species in patients with monoarthritis and chronic closed lock of the temporomandibular joint. | the study goal was to investigate the occurrence of serum antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci in patients with temporomandibular joint (tmj) monoarthritis or chronic closed lock and in control subjects. | 2004 | 15085509 |
| atypical pathogens and challenges in community-acquired pneumonia. | atypical organisms such as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila are implicated in up to 40 percent of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. antibiotic treatment is empiric and includes coverage for both typical and atypical organisms. doxycycline, a fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, or a macrolide is appropriate for outpatient treatment of immunocompetent adult patients. hospitalized adults should be treated with cefotaxi ... | 2004 | 15086042 |
| detection of serum chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) immune complex and cpn antibody in patients with coronary heart disease. | to understand the state of chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection in patients with coronary heart disease (chd), and explore the relationship between cpn infection and the gonesis and progressin of chd. | 2004 | 15090298 |
| real-time pcr for chlamydia pneumoniae utilizing the roche lightcycler and a 16s rrna gene target. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) causes pneumonia in humans, and has emerged as an important respiratory pathogen. there are also established links between cpn infection and coronary artery disease. traditional culture methods for cpn detection can be time consuming and difficult. there are a variety of molecular-based amplification methods for cpn detection. these methods are more sensitive than culture, but have the disadvantage of being inconsistent and non-comparable across studies. in this paper, ... | 2004 | 15096569 |
| [chlamydia infections in humans]. | | 2004 | 15098145 |
| [pathology of human chlamydia infections]. | | 2004 | 15098146 |
| evidence for an association between chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphomas. | ocular adnexal lymphomas may be antigen-driven disorders; however, the source of the putative antigen or antigens is still unknown. hence, we assessed whether chlamydiae infection is associated with the development of ocular adnexal lymphomas. | 2004 | 15100336 |
| [comparison of clinical presentation of mixed pneumonia with chlamydia pneumoniae and streptococcus pneumoniae and s. pneumoniae pneumonia]. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a significant cause of both lower and upper acute respiratory illnesses, including community-acquired pneumonia. furthermore, c. pneumoniae has been reported to frequently cause pneumonia in association with other respiratory pathogens, mainly streptococcus pneumoniae. in this study, we investigated the clinical presentation of mixed pneumonia with chlamydia pneumoniae and s. pneumoniae and compared it with s. pneumoniae pneumonia. a total of 13 cases of mixed pneumonia a ... | 2004 | 15103901 |
| in vitro activity of a novel diaminopyrimidine compound, iclaprim, against chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae. | the in vitro activities of iclaprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, azithromycin, and levofloxacin were tested against 10 strains of chlamydia trachomatis and 10 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. for c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae, the iclaprim mic and minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of isolates were inhibited (mic(90) and mbc(90)) were 0.5 micro g/ml, compared to an azithromycin mic(90) and mbc(90) of 0.125 micro g/ml and levofloxacin mic(90)s and mbc(90)s of 1 mic ... | 2004 | 15105151 |
| [peculiarities of diagnostics and therapy of atypical pulmonary diseases in russian hospital in kosovo]. | | 2004 | 15112410 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: no way-out or long way? what about renal failure patients? | recently, chlamydia pneumoniae is the microorganism frequently implicated in the infection-based inflammatory atherogenous hypothesis. although in vitro experimental data and initial sero-epidemiologic, pathology-based studies and antibiotic trials supported this interesting hypothesis, later data are conflicting. some confounding factors are the causes of uncertainty; lacking of standard methods for c. pneumoniae detection, co-existence of other atherosclerotic risk factors and anti-inflammator ... | 2004 | 15114030 |
| the detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in aneurysm of abdominal aorta and in normal aortic wall of organ donors. | sixty patients underwent surgery due to abdominal aortic aneurysms; the group included 30 patients with asymptomatic aneurysm and 30 with ruptured aneurysm. a control group comprised 30 organ donors. surgical specimens derived from aneurysm or aorta fragments were investigated for chlamydia pneumoniae dna using pcr. in asymptomatic aneurysms, dna was found in 9 cases (29%), and in ruptured aneurysms in 14 cases (49%). in the control group, c. pneumoniae dna was not detected in an aortic wall. th ... | 2004 | 15114871 |
| can you catch cardiac disease? here's what to do while doctors sort out conflicting answers. | | 2004 | 15114983 |
| serum antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae outer membrane protein cross-react with the heavy chain of immunoglobulin in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) has been demonstrated in arteries and abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaas). however, the validity of the methods used is questioned, and antibiotic treatment trials have thus far shown disappointing results. nevertheless, antibodies against the cp outer membrane proteins (omps) have been associated with progression of atherosclerosis and aaas. the aim of this study was to detect cp omps in the wall of aaa patients by use of purified serum antibodies directed against cp omp ... | 2004 | 15117850 |
| treatment of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection with telithromycin in c57bl/6j mice. | the efficacy of telithromycin, a new ketolide antibiotic, was investigated in the treatment of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a mouse model. | 2004 | 15117927 |
| investigation of atypical bacteria and virus antigens in respiratory tract infections by use of an immunofluorescence method. | in this study an immunofluorescence (if) method was used to investigate the antigens of viruses and atypical bacteria in respiratory tract infections (rti) in pediatric and adult age groups. in this prospective study of 2 years (1998-2000), if was used to investigate the antigens of 7 viral and 3 atypical bacteria to be used for the etiological diagnosis of rti. sputum (33.6%) and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were obtained from pediatric patients (group i, 76 cases) and adults (group ii, 13 ... | 2004 | 15118204 |
| efficacy of 750-mg, 5-day levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens. | current recommended durations for treatment of atypical community-acquired pneumonia (cap) range from 10 to 21 days. however, antibiotics such as the fluoroquinolones may allow for effective, short-course regimens. | 2004 | 15119993 |
| primary biliary cirrhosis: an infectious disease caused by chlamydia pneumoniae? | the etiology and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) remain elusive. both an infectious etiology and molecular mimicry have been implicated. the aim is to study the prevalence of chlamydial antigens and rna in the liver tissue of patients with pbc. | 2004 | 15123349 |
| evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr elisa for the detection of nine respiratory tract pathogens. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction combined with a microwell hybridization assay (m-rt-pcr-elisa) was previously developed to detect nine different microorganisms: enterovirus (ev), influenza virus type a (iva) and type b (ivb), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus type 1 (piv1) and type 3 (piv3), adenovirus (av), mycoplasma pneumoniae (mpn), chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) in a single test. these organisms do not usually colonize the respiratory tract o ... | 2004 | 15125873 |
| acute respiratory symptoms in adults in general practice. | community studies have shown that approximately 30% of patients with acute respiratory tract symptoms have no identifiable infective aetiology. this may not be applicable in general practice. | 2004 | 15128697 |
| intracellular bacterial infection-induced ifn-gamma is critically but not solely dependent on toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88-ifn-alpha beta-stat1 signaling. | infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmmphi) with chlamydia pneumoniae induces ifn-alphabeta-dependent ifn-gamma secretion that leads to control of the intracellular bacterial growth. enhanced growth of c. pneumoniae in toll-like receptor (tlr) 4(-/-) and myeloid differentiation factor (myd) 88(-/-) (but not tlr2(-/-), tlr6(-/-), or tlr9(-/-)) bmmphi is shown in this study. reduced accumulation of ifn-alpha and ifn-gamma mrna was also observed in tlr4(-/-)- and myd88(-/-)-infecte ... | 2004 | 15128825 |
| high prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in cyclosporin a-induced post-transplant gingival overgrowth tissue and evidence for the possibility of persistent infection despite short-term treatment with azithromycin. | cyclosporin a (csa) induces gingival overgrowth (go) in up to a quarter of csa-treated renal transplant recipients. a short-term therapy with azithromycin effectively reduces go, indicating a possible involvement of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of csa-induced go. we aimed to determine if there could be any relationship between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and go pathogenesis. in addition, we determined the long-term persistence rate of c. pneumoniae infection in residual go tissue w ... | 2004 | 15128877 |
| is coronary heart disease a communicable disease? | | 2003 | 15129860 |
| [studies on the infection status of seven species mycoplasma, three species of chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoeae and garderella vaginalis in 76 patients with sexual transmitted diseases]. | to study the infectious status of seven species of mycoplasma, three species of chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoeae and garderella vaginalis in the 76 male sexual transmitted disease (std) patients in yangzhou city. | 2004 | 15132870 |
| inflammation, infection, and aortic valve sclerosis; insights from the olmsted county (minnesota) population. | atherosclerosis-related mechanisms, including inflammation and possibly infection, are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease. the purpose of this study was to examine whether systemic inflammatory markers and chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity are associated with aortic valve sclerosis (avs) in a sample of the general population. transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 381 subjects (median age: 67 years, range: 51-101; 52% men), a sample of the adu ... | 2004 | 15136064 |
| interlaboratory reliability of microimmunofluorescence test for measurement of chlamydia pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin a and g antibody titers. | to evaluate the reliability of chlamydia pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibody titers as measured by the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test, we compared results from 392 individuals using a standard mif protocol at two academic laboratories. the kappas for dichotomous titers (>/=16 versus <16) were 0.39 for iga and 0.53 for igg. measurement error likely attenuates c. pneumoniae-disease associations; the magnitude of attenuation can be estimated from results of studies such ... | 2004 | 15138190 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in young stroke patients: a case--control study. | retrospective and cross-sectional studies have suggested that both bacterial and viral infections may be risk factors for atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and acute coronary events. the correlation between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis remains a source of controversy. our case-control study is aimed at evaluating the frequency of c. pneumoniae infection in a cohort of young adults with recent cerebrovascular disease and in particular etiologic stroke subtypes. chlamydia pneumoniae igg ... | 2004 | 15142225 |
| is there a role for chlamydia pneumoniae infection in systemic lupus erythematosus and in the associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? | to search for molecular evidence of chlamydial infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) subjects and to assess if there is an association of this infectious agent with coronary artery calcification (cac), a marker of total atherosclerotic burden. | 2004 | 15144130 |
| effects of glucocorticoids on the respiratory burst of chlamydia-primed thp-1 cells. | we previously observed that the respiratory burst of human monocytes (thp-1 cell line) triggered by phorbol myristate acetate was strongly enhanced by a priming of the cells by chlamydia pneumoniae [biochem. biophys. res. commun. 287 (2001) 781]. we describe here the modifications of the responses of chlamydia-primed thp-1 cells to hydrocortisone (hct) and methylprednisolone (mpl). hct and mpl inhibited the production of the cytokines tnfalpha and il-8. but hct, which inhibited the respiratory b ... | 2004 | 15147963 |
| is chlamydia associated with alzheimer's? | | 2004 | 15149617 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae as a pathogenetic risk factor in the development of arteriosclerosis and its complications]. | the literature data and the results of the authors' experiments allow one to consider chlamydia pneumoniae as one of the leading risk factor of development of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. features of atherosclerosis morphogenesis in the presence of chlamydia are described. data, showing similarity of cell reactions, characterizing immune inflammation in mldl deposit in arterial wall and obligate parasites are described. synergism in the action of mldl and chlamydial infection may ... | 2004 | 15154386 |
| prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. | on the basis of epidemiological data, an association between chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection and head and neck cancer might be suggested. the aim of the present study was to detect cp-dna within tumour tissue specimens by a two-step polymerase chain reaction. investigation was planned on the fleming's procedure for early termination when initial results were extreme. so, after ten consecutive patients, only one tumour contained cp-dna. hence the prevalence could be regarded as inferior to 60 ... | 2004 | 15154648 |
| gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone. | gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic 90 ) values against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella spp., with mic 90 values reported to ... | 2004 | 15155113 |
| in vitro activities of garenoxacin and levofloxacin against chlamydia pneumoniae are not affected by presence of mycoplasma dna. | we studied 20 chlamydia pneumoniae isolates obtained from respiratory sites and atheroma tissue of patients from various geographic areas to determine the susceptibilities of these isolates to a new des-fluoroquinolone, garenoxacin, and to levofloxacin. in addition, we assessed the cultures with these isolates by pcr for the presence or absence of mycoplasma sp. dna. both the mic at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)) and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of isolates ... | 2004 | 15155203 |
| intracellular multiplication of legionella species and the influence of amoebae on their intracellular growth in human monocytes: mono mac 6 cells and acanthamoeba castellanii as suitable in vitro models. | legionellae are important etiological agents of pneumonia. legionella pneumophila (predominantly serogroup 1) is detected in most cases of legionellosis; other species only occasionally cause infections, predominantly in immunocompromized patients. aquiferous technical systems are the primary source of infection (air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, showers, whirlpools, springs, taps, moisturizing equipment, medical nebulizers, and swimming pools). legionellae are present in the water in the ... | 2004 | 15156026 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma in children. | the aim of this prospective study of a population of children (age, 2-15 years) hospitalized for severe asthma was to test them for acute infection due to mycoplasma pneumoniae and acute infection due to chlamydia pneumoniae. of 119 patients with previously diagnosed asthma, acute m. pneumoniae infection was found in 24 (20%) and c. pneumoniae infection was found in 4 (3.4%) of the patients during the current exacerbation. of 51 patients experiencing their first asthma attack, acute m. pneumonia ... | 2004 | 15156467 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with coronary artery disease but not implicated in inducing plaque instability. | many authors have shown an association between chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infection and coronary artery disease. however, whether c. pneumoniae infection plays an important role in triggering an acute coronary event remains to be elucidated. | 2004 | 15159045 |
| a prospective study of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and risk of ms in two us cohorts. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) has been proposed as a possible etiologic agent in multiple sclerosis (ms). however, previous studies were cross-sectional and could not assess whether cpn infection preceded the onset of ms. | 2004 | 15159481 |
| infectious agents and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. | chlamdas with other organ systems, the vulnerability of the nervous system to infectious agents increases with aging. several different infectious agents can cause neurodegenerative conditions, with prominent examples being human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) dementia and prion disorders. such infections of the central nervous system (cns) typically have a relatively long incubation period and a chronic progressive course, and are therefore increasing in frequency as more people live longer. in ... | 2004 | 15163105 |
| fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia concomitant with chlamydia pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus 4 infection. | cases of fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia need to be investigated for highly contagious viral causes. while not all hemorrhagic pneumonias are caused by very contagious agents, the etiology must be correctly determined in order to administer appropriate patient care. | 2004 | 15163237 |
| increased prevalence of and gene transcription by chlamydia pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. | microbial agents may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms). c. pneumoniae has been recently associated with ms; however, study results are at variance. we tested the hypothesis that chlamydia pneumoniae-specific dna and rna are more often detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with multiple sclerosis than patients with other neurological diseases (ond). we investigated csf samples from 84 patients with definite ms and 89 ond patients (n = 62 with normal csf; n = 2 ... | 2004 | 15164186 |
| internal mammary artery atherosclerosis in segments removed during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and c.pneumoniae infection. | recent studies suggest the association of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with chlamydia pneumoniae infection. we investigated c. pneumoniae dna in internal mammarian artery (ima) (used as a coronary bypass conduit) and its relationship with atherosclerosis. | 2004 | 15165950 |
| mecillinam has potent in vitro activity against chlamydophila pneumoniae atcc vr1310. | | 2004 | 15166212 |
| guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia in the icu. | community-acquired pneumonia remains a common and serious condition worldwide. severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring icu admission is a distinct entity with different pathogens, outcomes, and management. the mortality rate in severe community-acquired pneumonia can be more than 50%. over the past decade, some international guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia have been developed in an attempt to optimize patient care. these guidelines have developed prediction to ... | 2004 | 15166851 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a clinical and serological 1-year follow-up. | the role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in pathogenesis and prognostic stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes is still unclear. however, a limitation of many studies is the evaluation of the long-term prognostic role of a sample obtained during the acute phase, whereas the assessment of the temporal trend of antibody titers could be more useful. one-hundred and fourteen consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes (71 with acute myocardial infarction and 43 with unstab ... | 2004 | 15171822 |
| infiltration of the brain by pathogens causes alzheimer's disease. | despite very numerous studies on alzheimer's disease (ad), especially on amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, little information has been obtained thus on the causes of the disease. evidence is described here that implicates firstly herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) as a strong risk factor when it is present in brain of carriers of the type 4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein e (apoe-4). indirect support comes from studies indicating the role of apoe in several diverse diseases of k ... | 2004 | 15172740 |
| challenges and directions for the pathogen hypothesis of alzheimer's disease. | this paper critically reviews the possibility that infiltration of the brain by pathogens (e.g. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) or chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp)) acts as a trigger or co-factor for alzheimer's disease (ad). the evidence currently available is limited and in some cases inconsistent, but it does justify the need for more vigorous investigation of this hypothesis. an issue of particular concern is the paucity of experimental evidence showing that pathogens can elicit the neuropat ... | 2004 | 15172741 |
| pathogens as a cause of alzheimer's disease. | | 2004 | 15172742 |
| cd14 promoter polymorphism -159c>t is associated with susceptibility to chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection in peripheral blood monocytes. | chlamydia pneumoniae uses peripheral blood monocytes (pbmc) for systemic dissemination and has been linked to atherogenesis by inflammation mediated via tlr2/4 and cd14. we found 12.8% of 610 coronary artery disease (cad) patients of central european background to be chronically infected with c. pneumoniae based on the repeated detection of chlamydial dna in pbmc. among those the -159c>t cd14 promoter polymorphism was more frequent (or 1.7, 95% ci 1.08-2.65, p=0.0224) than among c. pneumoniae-ne ... | 2004 | 15175649 |
| association of antibodies to chlamydial lipopolysaccharide with the endovascular presence of chlamydophila pneumoniae in carotid artery disease. | atherosclerotic lesions often harbor chlamydophila pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae). the objective of the present study was to examine whether serological tests are able to predict individual endovascular infection. endarterectomy specimens from 70 patients with severe carotid artery stenosis were stained immunohistochemically for c. pneumoniae. antibody titers to c. pneumoniae were measured in serum with a recombinant elisa recognizing chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (clps) and with microimmunofluoresc ... | 2004 | 15177123 |
| endothelial chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes oxidation of ldl. | the bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae chronically infects atheromatous lesions and is linked to atherosclerosis by modifying inflammation, proliferation, and the lipid metabolism of blood monocytes. as continuous ldl modification in the vascular intima is crucial for atherogenesis we investigated the impact of endothelial infection on ldl oxidation. huvec were infected with a vascular c. pneumoniae strain. supernatants of infected cells but not cell lysates increased lipid peroxidation products (6. ... | 2004 | 15178434 |
| natural products in the process of finding new drug candidates. | natural derived or originated compounds still play a major role as drugs, and as lead structures for the development of synthetic molecules. about 50% of the drugs introduced to the market during the last 20 years are derived directly or indirectly from small biogenic molecules. in the future, natural products will continue to play a major role as active substances, model molecules for the discovery and validation of drug targets. a multidisciplinary approach to drug discovery involving the gene ... | 2004 | 15180572 |
| guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia: are they reflected in practice? | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is common, costly, and clinically serious. several national and international practice guidelines have been developed to promote more appropriate, cost-effective care for patients with cap. this article compares and contrasts eight international practice guidelines for the management of cap, describes the extent to which recommendations are reflected in practice, and proposes explanations for non-adherence to guidelines. we found consistency in recommendations ... | 2004 | 15182208 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and newly diagnosed asthma: a case-control study in 1 to 6-year-old children. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the association between antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and the onset of asthma in children. | 2004 | 15182278 |
| [the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chlamydiae pneumoniae infection]. | to determine the possible association between chlamydiae pneumoniae (cpn) infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2004 | 15182501 |
| comparison of quantitative and semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for immunoglobulin g against chlamydophila pneumoniae to a microimmunofluorescence test for use with patients with respiratory tract infections. | we previously reported a high degree of variation in the sensitivities of serodiagnostic kits for the detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae in sera from healthy donors. since a low predictive value of a test can impair its diagnostic value, we have extended our studies to samples from patients with pneumonia. we focused on the most promising enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) (serocp and serocp quant; savyon) identified in our previous study and included a new elisa (selisa; medac). the ... | 2004 | 15184423 |
| aetiology of acute pharyngitis: the role of atypical bacteria. | in order to establish the role of atypical bacteria and compare characteristics of different infectious agents in acute pharyngitis, 127 patients with acute pharyngitis (66 males; median age, 5.33 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) and 130 healthy subjects of similar sex and age were studied. serology with paired samples and pcr on nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat cultures were used to identify bacteria and viruses. viruses were identified in 43 patients (33.8%) and five controls (3.8%; p < ... | 2004 | 15184536 |
| infectious agents and atherosclerosis: current perspectives and unsolved issues. | the large amount of data accumulated in recent years has reinforced the idea that infectious agents may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and in the clinical manifestations of vascular disease. seroepidemiological and experimental data linking herpesviridae and chlamydia pneumoniae to atherosclerosis appear to be confirmed by a number of studies, while the available evidence regarding helicobacter pylori is more conflicting, partly due to the fact that the interest i ... | 2004 | 15185898 |
| new and emerging theories of cardiovascular disease: infection and elevated iron. | heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in industrialized countries. despite the tremendous gains made in decreasing the number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease, it still is health care's greatest challenge. traditional risk factors account for only 50% of the incidence of cardiac disease. in fact, many individuals who develop heart disease have normal cholesterol and blood pressure levels. this suggests that other less well-studied risk factors may also play a r ... | 2004 | 15186702 |
| gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone approved for treatment of respiratory infections. | to evaluate the microbiology, pharmacokinetic parameters, drug interactions, and results of the available clinical trials of gemifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). | 2004 | 15187209 |
| the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492, against recent clinical isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. | | 2004 | 15190026 |
| multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila in community-acquired pneumonia. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the simultaneous detection of chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila. oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of the dna of these three organisms were optimized for use in combination in the same reaction. pcr products were detected by the micro-chip electrophoresis analysis system. clinical samples were obtained from 208 community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients who were participants in a multi ... | 2004 | 15191040 |
| changes in antibody titers against chlamydia pneumoniae after coronary angioplasty. | the potential role of common infectious agents in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis has been studied increasingly over the last decade. the evidence for chlamydia pneumoniae as a potential causative agent is strong and is based on the findings of numerous sero-epidemiological studies, examination of atheromatous plaque specimens, in vitro animal models. we performed a prospective study in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) patients to investigate whether the ... | 2004 | 15193835 |
| alveolar epithelial cells type ii are major target cells for c. pneumoniae in chronic but not in acute respiratory infection. | pulmonary presence of chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with acute and chronic infections. we show that unapparent chlamydial infection in four out of 31 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients (12.9%) is characterized by a significant increase in infected alveolar epithelial cells type ii (18.2 +/- 3.5% vs. 2.3 +/- 0.9; ihc/ish) compared to a newly established model of acute chlamydial infection (acim) in vital lung specimens from pulmonary lobectomy. expression of chsp60 demonst ... | 2004 | 15196568 |
| elicitation of reactive oxygen species in chlamydia pneumoniae-stimulated macrophages: a ca2+-dependent process involving simultaneous activation of nadph oxidase and cytochrome oxidase genes. | chlamydia pneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen implicated in the development and progress of atherosclerosis, is known to infect and survive in macrophages, despite macrophage producing reactive oxygen species (ros). to gain insight into ros generation in macrophages infected with c. pneumoniae and to explore factors accounting for their final levels and effect, we investigated the role of nadph oxidase and cytochrome oxidase pathways in the production and modulation of ros. we also determined the ... | 2005 | 15197588 |
| diagnosis of atypical pathogens in patients hospitalized with community-acquired respiratory infection. | the object of our study was to determine the proportion of atypical respiratory pathogens among patients hospitalized with a community-acquired respiratory infection. from september 1997 to may 1999, 159 patients (57% male, median age 55, range 1-88 y) admitted to 3 regional hospitals for a community acquired respiratory infection, were enrolled in the study. microbiological diagnosis for the atypical pathogens mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila was performed ... | 2004 | 15198183 |
| inflammation in atherosclerosis and implications for therapy. | atherosclerosis is now understood to be a disease characterized by inflammation that results in a host of complications, including ischemia, acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction), and stroke. inflammation may be caused by a response to oxidized low-density lipoproteins, chronic infection, or other factors; and markers of this process, such as c-reactive protein, may be useful to predict an increased risk of coronary heart disease. thus, we believe that inf ... | 2004 | 15198962 |
| cognitive impairment and infectious burden in the elderly. | infectious agents have been suspected as contributing factors to dementia, especially in alzheimer disease. we intended to test whether viral or bacterial seropositivity is associated with cognitive impairment among home-dwelling elderly. viral burden (seropositivity for herpes simplex type 1 (hsvi), type 2 (hsv2), or cytomegalovirus (cmv), and bacterial burden (chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae) were tested among 383 home-dwelling individuals with vascular disease (mainly coronary ... | 2004 | 15207442 |
| effects of fluoroquinolones on the migration of human phagocytes through chlamydia pneumoniae-infected and tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. | the anti-inflammatory activities of three quinolones, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, were investigated with an in vitro model of transendothelial migration (tem). human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) were seeded in transwell inserts, treated with serial dilutions of antibiotics, infected with chlamydia pneumoniae, or stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). neutrophils or monocytes were also preincubated with serial dilutions of each antibiotic. tem was a ... | 2004 | 15215106 |
| comparison of five pcr assays for detecting chlamydophila pneumoniae dna. | we compared five different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for the detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae dna using highly purified elementary bodies (ebs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from healthy blood donors. the primers were as follows; two targeting the 16s rrna gene, one targeting the ompa gene, one targeting the pst-i gene, and one targeting the 53 kda outer membrane protein gene. the 16s rrna touchdown enzyme time release (tetr) pcr, the ompa nested pcr and the 53 ... | 2004 | 15215617 |
| effects of a brief course of azithromycin on soluble cell adhesion molecules and markers of inflammation in survivors of an acute coronary syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. | the anti-chlamydial antibiotic, azithromycin, may improve outcome in patients who survive an acute coronary syndrome. the mechanisms are, however, poorly understood. the aims of this study were to define any relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and levels of specific markers of endothelial activation (soluble cell adhesion molecules) and more general markers of inflammation (c-reactive protein [crp] and interleukin-6 [il-6]) and to assess whether azithromycin had any effect o ... | 2004 | 15215794 |