| tumor-associated cd8+ t cell tolerance induced by bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells. | t cell tolerance is a critical element of tumor escape. however, the mechanism of tumor-associated t cell tolerance remains unresolved. using an experimental system utilizing the adoptive transfer of transgenic t cells into naive recipients, we found that the population of gr-1+ immature myeloid cells (imc) from tumor-bearing mice was able to induce cd8+ t cell tolerance. these imc accumulate in large numbers in spleens, lymph nodes, and tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice and are comprised of p ... | 2005 | 16177103 |
| anti-idiotypic antibody as a potential candidate vaccine for neisseria meningitidis serogroup b. | sepsis and meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis serogroup b (nmgb) are serious diseases in infants and young adults, but no effective vaccine is available. the capsular polysaccharide (ps) of nmgb has poor immunogenicity and a structural similarity to polysialic acid (psa) on neuronal tissue that may elicit autoantibodies. using hmenb3, a protective and nonautoreactive monoclonal antibody (mab) to nmgb capsular ps, we produced an anti-idiotypic mab, naid60, which mimics the capsular ps of ... | 2005 | 16177311 |
| a metalloproteinase of coccidioides posadasii contributes to evasion of host detection. | coccidioides posadasii is a fungal respiratory pathogen of humans that can cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. coccidioidomycosis ranges from a mild to a severe infection. it is frequently characterized either as a persistent disease that requires months to resolve or as an essentially asymptomatic infection that can reactivate several years after the original insult. in this report we describe a mechanism by which the pathogen evades host detection during the pivotal reproductive (end ... | 2005 | 16177346 |
| transcriptional repressor dream regulates t-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine gene expression. | downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (dream) is a ca2+-dependent transcriptional repressor expressed in the brain, thyroid gland and thymus. here, we analyzed the function of dream and the related protein kchip-2 in the immune system using transgenic (tg) mice expressing a cross-dominant active mutant (efmdream) for dream and kchips ca2+-dependent transcriptional derepression. efmdream tg mice showed reduced t-cell proliferation. tg t cells exhibited decreased interleukin (il)-2, - ... | 2005 | 16177826 |
| absence of reuptake of serotonin influences susceptibility to clinical autoimmune disease and neuroantigen-specific interferon-gamma production in mouse eae. | serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht) is one of the most extensively studied neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. it also has been identified in constituents of the immune system. therefore serotonin has been suggested to serve as a mediator of bidirectional interactions between the nervous system and the immune system. we investigated this interaction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a well-defined animal model of autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ( ... | 2005 | 16178854 |
| neonatal local noxious insult affects gene expression in the spinal dorsal horn of adult rats. | neonatal noxious insult produces a long-term effect on pain processing in adults. rats subjected to carrageenan (car) injection in one hindpaw within the sensitive period develop bilateral hypoalgesia as adults. in the same rats, inflammation of the hindpaw, which was the site of the neonatal injury, induces a localized enhanced hyperalgesia limited to this paw. to gain an insight into the long-term molecular changes involved in the above-described long-term nociceptive effects of neonatal noxio ... | 2005 | 16179088 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues arising through repeated fish fried oil in human hepatoma hep g2 cell line. | repeated frying of vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods in edible oil is a common practice round the globe. our studies suggest that repeated fish fried oil (rffo) generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), which may lead to hazardous effect on human health. in order to understand the mechanism of toxicity of rffo extracts containing a mixture of pahs, the in vitro cytotoxicity assays in human hepatoma cell line, hep g2 was undertaken. in addition to rffo extract, benzo(a)pyrene (bp) and ... | 2006 | 16185837 |
| carbaryl, 2,4-d, and triclopyr adsorption in thatch-soil ecosystems. | thatch development in intensively managed turf sites may cause environmental concerns for greater sorption or leaching of applied chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems. to determine the adsorption potential of carbaryl (1-napthyl n-methylcarbamate), 2,4-d (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid), and triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) in turf ecosystems, composite thatch and underlying soil samples from three-and six-year-old stands of cool-season southshore creeping bentgrass (agrosti ... | 2005 | 16190014 |
| the subcellular distribution of myeloid-related protein 8 (mrp8) and mrp14 in human neutrophils. | myeloid-related protein 8 (mrp8) and mrp14 are s100 family calcium binding proteins that form a heterodimer known as calprotectin or mrp8/14 that is present in the cytosol of neutrophils and monocytes. mrp8/14 becomes associated with endothelium at sites of monocyte and neutrophil adhesion and transmigration and induces a thrombogenic and inflammatory response by increasing the endothelial transcription of proinflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules. the distribution of mrp8/mrp14 among ne ... | 2005 | 16191197 |
| taci-blys signaling via b-cell-dendritic cell cooperation is required for naive cd8+ t-cell priming in vivo. | we demonstrated that b-cell-dendritic cell (dc) interactions via transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand (caml) interactor (taci) and b-lymphocyte stimulator (blys) provide an early signal critical to generate adequate numbers of mature antigen presenting cells (apcs) to prime naive cd8(+) t cells (ctls) in vivo. evidence that b cells are required for efficient ctl generation in mice and that reconstitution with wild-type but not taci-knockout b cells restored normal ... | 2006 | 16195331 |
| coordination between nf-kappab family members p50 and p52 is essential for mediating ltbetar signals in the development and organization of secondary lymphoid tissues. | recent studies revealed that the lymphotoxin/lymphotoxin beta receptor (lt)/ltbetar system activates the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) signaling pathway involving i kappa b kinase 1/i kappa b kinase alpha (ikk1/ikkalpha) and nf-kappab-inducing kinase (nik) to direct processing of the nfkappab2 protein p100 to yield relb:p52 complexes. despite the biochemical evidence, lt-, relb-, p52-deficient mice show discrepant phenotypes. we now demonstrate that p105/p50 also constitutes an ... | 2006 | 16195333 |
| the circumventricular organs participate in the immunopathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | during inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system (cns), such as in multiple sclerosis or in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), immune cells migrate from the blood stream into the cns parenchyma and into the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) spaces. the endothelial blood-brain barrier (bbb) has been considered the most obvious entry site for circulating immune cells. recently, the choroid plexus has been considered as an alternative entry site for circulating l ... | 2005 | 16197544 |
| a distinct lineage of cd4 t cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17. | interleukin 17 (il-17) has been linked to autoimmune diseases, although its regulation and function have remained unclear. here we have evaluated in vitro and in vivo the requirements for the differentiation of naive cd4 t cells into effector t helper cells that produce il-17. this process required the costimulatory molecules cd28 and icos but was independent of the cytokines and transcription factors required for t helper type 1 or type 2 differentiation. furthermore, both il-4 and interferon-g ... | 2005 | 16200068 |
| involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the vascular and hyperalgesic components of joint inflammation. | to investigate the endogenous involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1) in a model of knee joint inflammation in the mouse. | 2005 | 16200599 |
| investigation on the mechanism of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis by aminoglycoside antibiotics in mouse model. | to investigate the underlying mechanism of the exacerbation of myasthenia gravis by aminoglycoside antibiotics. c57/bl6 mice were immunized with acetylcholine receptor (achr), extracted from electric organ of narcine timilei according to xu haopeng's methods, in complete fruends adjuvant (cfa) to establish experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg). eamg mice were divided randomly into 5 groups: mg group, ns group and three antibiotics groups. the clinical symptom scores of mice were evalu ... | 2005 | 16201276 |
| cholesterol-induced macrophage apoptosis requires er stress pathways and engagement of the type a scavenger receptor. | macrophage death in advanced atherosclerosis promotes necrosis and plaque destabilization. a likely cause of macrophage death is accumulation of free cholesterol (fc) in the er, leading to activation of the unfolded protein response (upr) and c/ebp homologous protein (chop)-induced apoptosis. here we show that p38 mapk signaling is necessary for chop induction and apoptosis. additionally, two other signaling pathways must cooperate with p38-chop to effect apoptosis. one involves the type a scave ... | 2005 | 16203857 |
| a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human gastrointestinal microbiota origin elicits killing of enterovirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by triggering lethal bacterial membrane damage. | the human gastrointestinal microbiota produces antagonistic activities against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. we undertook a study to investigate the mechanism(s) by which a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human microbiota origin antagonizes the gram-negative enteroinvasive pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we showed that the cell-free culture supernatant of l. acidophilus strain lb (lb-cfcs) induced the following effects in s. enterica sl1344: (i) a decrease in intrac ... | 2005 | 16204528 |
| chronic development of collagen-induced arthritis is associated with arthritogenic antibodies against specific epitopes on type ii collagen. | antibodies against type ii collagen (cii) are important in the development of collagen-induced arthritis (cia) and possibly also in rheumatoid arthritis. we have determined the fine specificity and arthritogenicity of the antibody response to cii in chronic relapsing variants of cia. immunization with rat cii in b10.q or b10.q(balb/cxb10.q)f2 mice induces a chronic relapsing cia. the antibody response to cii was determined by using triple-helical peptides of the major b cell epitopes. each indiv ... | 2005 | 16207332 |
| actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on spinal nociceptive transmission during inflammation in the rat. | the aim of the current study was to investigate whether, and if so how, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) acts to develop the spinal sensitization underlying inflammation-induced hyperalgesia. in spinal cord slice preparations from rats with inflammation induced by complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), bdnf, but not nerve growth factor (ngf) or neurotrophin-3 (nt-3), acted presynaptically to increase the frequency of excitatory miniature epscs in substantia gelatinosa (sg) neurones of the cfa ... | 2005 | 16210356 |
| a critical role for complement c3d and the b cell coreceptor (cd19/cd21) complex in the initiation of inflammatory arthritis. | complement c3 cleavage products mediate the recognition and clearance of toxic or infectious agents. in addition, binding of the c3d fragment to ag promotes b lymphocyte activation through coengagment of the bcr and complement receptor 2 (cd21). signal augmentation is thought to be achieved through enhanced recruitment and activation of cd21-associated cd19. in this study we show, using the dba/1 collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model, that conjugation of c3d to heterologous type ii collagen is ... | 2005 | 16210644 |
| trpv1 desensitisation and endogenous vanilloid involvement in the enhanced analgesia induced by capsaicin in inflamed tissues. | the intra-plantar acute administration of 10 microg of capsaicin to mice which had received complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) 1 week before inhibits the thermal inflammatory hyperalgesia it induces and even produces a long-lasting analgesia for at least 2 weeks. in this study, we show that the administration of capsaicin (10 microg) also reduces the immediate licking behavior evoked by the intra-plantar administration of a lower dose of capsaicin (0.1 microg), the duration of this inhibitory effe ... | 2005 | 16216696 |
| clinical correlates of filarial infection in haitian children: an association with interdigital lesions. | to assess clinical findings associated with wuchereria bancrofti infection, 192 school children in a filariasis-endemic area of haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations and testing for circulating filarial antigen (cfa). the cfa-positive children were more likely than cfa-negative children to have severe interdigital lesions (> or = 1 macerated lesion with involvement of > or = 4 toe web spaces) (p < 0.0001) and inguinal (p = 0.003) or crural (p = 0.004) lymph node pathology. i ... | 2005 | 16222022 |
| critical role for stat3 in t-dependent terminal differentiation of igg b cells. | stat proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are crucial in many aspects of mammalian development. in the immune system, stat3 has distinct roles in t-cell, neutrophil, and macrophage function, but a role for stat3 in b-cell development, particularly in the terminal differentiation of b cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells, has never been directly tested. in this study, we used the cre/lox system to generate a mouse strain in which stat3 was conditionally deleted in the ... | 2006 | 16223771 |
| the modeled structure of the rna dependent rna polymerase of gbv-c virus suggests a role for motif e in flaviviridae rna polymerases. | the flaviviridae virus family includes major human and animal pathogens. the rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) plays a central role in the replication process, and thus is a validated target for antiviral drugs. despite the increasing structural and enzymatic characterization of viral rdrps, detailed molecular replication mechanisms remain unclear. the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major human pathogen difficult to study in cultured cells. the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is often used as ... | 2005 | 16225688 |
| the anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats. | systemic administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (yo) activates the hpa stress axis and promotes anxiety in humans and experimental animals. we propose that visceral malaise contributes to the stressful and anxiogenic effects of systemic yo and that yo recruits brainstem noradrenergic (na) and peptidergic neurons that relay viscerosensory signals to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain. to begin testing these hypotheses, the present study explored dose-related effects o ... | 2005 | 16228990 |
| enhanced responsiveness to antigen contributes more to immunological memory in cd4 t cells than increases in the number of cells. | although immunological memory is characterized by both an increase in the frequency of antigen-specific t cells and a qualitative change in the pattern of their subsequent response, it is not clear which of these components is more significant in the overall enhanced response to secondary stimulation. to address this question for the cd4+ t-cell response, t-cell receptor (tcr) tg t cells were adoptively transferred to normal syngeneic mice that were immunized with the relevant peptide. after the ... | 2005 | 16236121 |
| the analysis of systemic tolerance elicited by antigen inoculation into the vitreous cavity: vitreous cavity-associated immune deviation. | the immune privilege that exists in the eye is maintained by various mechanisms. one of the best studied is a form of systemic tolerance termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (acaid). we have investigated the mechanisms by which ocular inflammation associated with the vitreous cavity (vc) is reduced, by injecting either ovalbumin (ova) or allogeneic splenocytes into the vcs of mice, and assessed the effect of this on delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses. after antigen inoc ... | 2005 | 16236129 |
| proteomic characterization of the acid tolerance response in lactococcus lactis mg1363. | exponentially growing cells of lactococcus lactis mg1363 are able to develop an acid tolerance response (atr) when incubated at ph 5, in both rich (m17)--and chemically defined (sa)--culture media. physiological and proteomic characterization of this adaptive response indicated that l. lactis reorganizes its metabolism in response to acid stress to a great extent and quite differently in the two media. the development of atr was fully dependent on protein de novo synthesis in sa and only partly ... | 2005 | 16237734 |
| partially assembled k99 fimbriae are required for protection. | antibodies to k99 fimbriae afford protection to f5+ bovine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). previous studies show that murine dams immunized with salmonella vaccine vectors stably expressing k99 fimbriae confer protection to etec-challenged neonatal pups. to begin to address adaptation of the k99 scaffold to display heterologous b- and t-cell epitopes, studies were conducted to determine how much of the assembled k99 fimbria is required to maintain protective immunity. sequential deletio ... | 2005 | 16239523 |
| in vitro effector activity of pneumocystis murina-specific t-cytotoxic-1 cd8+ t cells: role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related opportunistic infections continue to occur in patients who are newly diagnosed with hiv infection, those in the early course of highly active antiretroviral therapy or nonadherent to hiv care, and other immunosuppressed individuals. one of the most common opportunistic infections in these patients is pneumocystis pneumonia. cd8+ t cells are recruited to the lung after p. carinii infection and have been associated with both lung injury and host defense. ... | 2005 | 16239546 |
| analgesic effects of capsazepine and resiniferatoxin on bone cancer pain in mice. | in the present paper, we describe the analgesic effects induced by the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (trpv1) antagonist, capsazepine, and the trpv1 agonist, resiniferatoxin, on the thermal hyperalgesia induced by the presence of a tibial osteosarcoma or an inflammatory process in mice. the administration of capsazepine abolished the osteosarcoma-induced hyperalgesia at a dose range (3-10 mg/kg; s.c.) ineffective to inhibit the hyperalgesia elicited by the intraplantar administrat ... | 2006 | 16243435 |
| effect of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase iv inhibitor, on allergic footpad swelling using various adjuvants in mice. | we studied the effect of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase (pde) iv inhibitor, on allergic footpad swelling in mice. for this study, varying adjuvants including complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) and imject alum (alum) were used because the extent of antigen-specifically induced t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 responses had been shown to depend on adjuvants used. to induce allergic footpad swelling, we immunized mice with ovalbumin (ova) emulsified in either cfa or if ... | 2005 | 16253125 |
| induction of cell cycle arrest by human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax in hematopoietic progenitor (cd34+) cells: modulation of p21cip1/waf1 and p27kip1 expression. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia, an aggressive cd4(+) malignancy. although htlv-2 is highly homologous to htlv-1, infection with htlv-2 has not been associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. lentivirus-mediated transduction of cd34(+) cells with htlv-1 tax (tax1) induced g(0)/g(1) cell cycle arrest and resulted in the concomitant suppression of multilineage hematopoiesis in vitro. tax1 induced transcriptional upregulation of th ... | 2005 | 16254341 |
| interleukin-1alphabeta gene-deficient mice show reduced nociceptive sensitivity in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain but not post-operative pain. | the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (il-1) has been implicated in both inflammatory processes and nociceptive neurotransmission. to further investigate the role of il-1 in different pain states, gene-disrupted mice lacking both il-1alpha and il-1beta genes (il-1alphabeta (-/-)) were characterized in inflammatory, neuropathic, and post-operative pain models. il-1alphabeta (-/-) mice showed normal sensorimotor function as measured by the rotorod assay compared to control mice (balb/c). acu ... | 2006 | 16256210 |
| reduced doses of oral killed enterotoxigenic escherichia coli plus cholera toxin b subunit vaccine is safe and immunogenic in bangladeshi infants 6-17 months of age: dosing studies in different age groups. | the oral-formalin inactivated whole cell enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine needs to be further tested in developing countries in order to determine the dose at which it will be safe and immunogenic for infants who are the target population for the vaccine. to determine the immunogenicity of reduced doses, studies were first carried out in children, 2-12 years of age (n = 60). the full, half or a quarter doses of the vaccine were comparable in immunogenicity with similar frequency o ... | 2006 | 16257098 |
| [apoptosis and apoptosis-related genes in experimental autoimmune inner ear disease]. | to investigate the protein and mrna expression patterns of apoptosis-related genes, together with evidence of apoptosis, in relation to experimental autoimmune inner ear disease (aied). | 2005 | 16270868 |
| essential role of the myd88 pathway, but nonessential roles of tlrs 2, 4, and 9, in the adjuvant effect promoting th1-mediated autoimmunity. | induction of tissue-specific experimental autoimmune diseases involves an obligatory adjuvant effect to trigger an innate response of a type that will drive a th1-biased adaptive response. this is achieved by use of cfa containing mycobacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis), whose recognition by cells of the innate immune system depends on tlrs that signal through the adaptor molecule myd88. we examined the role of selected components of the myd88 pathway in promoting experimental autoimmune uveit ... | 2005 | 16272281 |
| the murine b cell repertoire is severely selected against endogenous cellular prion protein. | abs to the prion protein (prp) can protect against experimental prion infections, but efficient ab responses are difficult to generate because prp is expressed on many tissues and induces a strong tolerance. we previously showed that immunization of wild-type mice with prp peptides and cpg oligodeoxynucleic acid overcomes tolerance and induces cellular and humoral responses to prp. in this study, we compared ab and t cell repertoires directed to prp in wild-type and prp knockout (prnp o/o) c57bl ... | 2005 | 16272297 |
| a live diarrheal vaccine imprints a th2 cell bias and acts as an anti-inflammatory vaccine. | an experimental vaccine for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) composed of a live, attenuated salmonella vector-expressing enterotoxigenic e. coli fimbriae, colonization factor ag i (cfa/i), stimulated a biphasic th cell response when given orally and suppressed the normally produced proinflammatory response. such suppression was also evident upon the salmonella-cfa/i infection of macrophages resulting in diminished tnf-alpha, il-1, and il-6 production and suggesting that the cfa/i fimbrial ... | 2005 | 16272329 |
| differentiation to the ccr2+ inflammatory phenotype in vivo is a constitutive, time-limited property of blood monocytes and is independent of local inflammatory mediators. | it is proposed that ccr2+ monocytes are specifically recruited to inflammatory sites, whereas ccr2- monocytes are recruited to normal tissue to become resident macrophages. whether these subsets represent separate lineages, how differential trafficking is regulated and whether monocytes undergo further differentiation is uncertain. using a mouse model of autoimmune uveoretinitis we examined monocyte trafficking to the inflamed retina in vivo. we show that bone marrow-derived cd11b+ f4/80- monocy ... | 2005 | 16272351 |
| inhibition of cx3cl1 (fractalkine) improves experimental autoimmune myositis in sjl/j mice. | idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is a chronic inflammatory muscle disease characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration in the skeletal muscle. the infiltrated inflammatory cells express various cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. chemokines are thought to contribute to the inflammatory cell migration into the muscle. we induced experimental autoimmune myositis (eam) in sjl/j mice by immunization with rabbit myosin and cfa. in the affected muscles of eam mice, cx3cl1 (fractalkine) was expressed ... | 2005 | 16272359 |
| pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (cxcl12) in collagen-induced arthritis. | cxcl12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) is a unique biological ligand for the chemokine receptor cxcr4. we previously reported that treatment with a specific cxcr4 antagonist, amd3100, exerts a beneficial effect on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in the highly susceptible ifn-gamma receptor-deficient (ifn-gammar ko) mouse. we concluded that cxcl12 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cia in ifn-gammar ko mice by promoting delayed type hypersensitivity against the auto-a ... | 2005 | 16277673 |
| induction of a b-cell-dependent chronic arthritis with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. | antibodies specific for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (g6pi) from t-cell receptor transgenic k/bxn mice are known to induce arthritis in mice, and immunization of dba/1 mice with g6pi led to acute arthritis without permanent deformation of their joints. because rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease, we set out to identify the capacity of g6pi to induce chronic arthritis in mice. immunization with recombinant human g6pi induced a chronically active arthritis in mice with a c3h genomic backgro ... | 2005 | 16277685 |
| gadd45 beta and gadd45 gamma are critical for regulating autoimmunity. | the number of effector t cells is controlled by proliferation and programmed cell death. loss of these controls on self-destructive effector t cells may precipitate autoimmunity. here, we show that two members of the growth arrest and dna damage-inducible (gadd45) family, beta and gamma, are critical in the development of pathogenic effector t cells. cd4(+) t cells lacking gadd45beta can rapidly expand and invade the central nervous system in response to myelin immunization, provoking an exacerb ... | 2005 | 16287712 |
| cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells limit the risk of autoimmune disease arising from t cell receptor crossreactivity. | the molecular-mimicry theory proposes that immune crossreactivity between microbial and self-antigen is the initiating event in the activation of autoaggressive immune responses leading to autoimmune disease. in support of this possibility, it is now accepted that t cell recognition of antigen is highly degenerate. however, it is to be expected that the immune system would have evolved mechanisms to counter such a potential danger. we studied the influence of cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells (tr ... | 2005 | 16287973 |
| effects of peripheral inflammation on activation of erk in the rostral ventromedial medulla. | in the present study, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in the rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) following the injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into the rat hindpaw was examined in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in the descending pain modulatory system after peripheral inflammation. phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-immunoreactive (p-erk-ir) neurons were observed in the nucleus raphe magnus (nrm) and nucleus re ... | 2005 | 16288729 |
| effect of genetic knockout or pharmacologic inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on complete freund's adjuvant-induced persistent pain. | nitric oxide (no) acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator involving in the modulation of thermal and/or inflammatory hyperalgesia. the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) is a key enzyme for no production in normal neuronal tissues, but its functional role in chronic pain remains unclear. the present study combined a genetic strategy with a pharmacologic approach to address the role of nnos in the central mechanism of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced chronic inflammatory pain. tar ... | 2005 | 16297560 |
| illness burden mediates the relationship between pain and illicit drug use in persons living with hiv. | we investigated predictive and concurrent relationships among reported pain, hiv/aids illness burden, and substance use history in 2,267 participants in the longitudinal hiv cost and services utilization study (hcsus). substance use history was classified as screening positive for current illicit drug use (n=253), past drug use (n=617), and non-user (n=1,397) at baseline. to control for demographic correlates, age, sex and socioeconomic status (ses) were included as predictors. covariance struct ... | 2005 | 16297562 |
| peripheral inflammation induces up-regulation of trpv2 expression in rat drg. | the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 2 (trpv2) is a cation channel activated by temperatures above 52 degrees c. to analyze the contribution of trpv2 to the development of inflammation-induced hyperalgesia, the expression of trpv2 in primary sensory neurons was analyzed after intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). using specific antibodies, an increase in trpv2-expressing neurons was identified after inflammation. trpv2 expression is concentrated in a ... | 2005 | 16298071 |
| eae36, a locus on mouse chromosome 4, controls susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in older mice and mice immunized in the winter. | genetic factors are believed to contribute to multiple sclerosis (ms) susceptibility; however, strong evidence implicating intrinsic and environmental factors in the etiopathogenesis of ms also exists. susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), the principal animal model of ms, is also influenced by nongenetic factors, including age and season at immunization. this suggests that age- and season-by-gene interactions exist and that different susceptibility loci may influence ... | 2006 | 16299394 |
| the effects of diacerhein on mechanical allodynia in inflammatory and neuropathic models of nociception in mice. | in this study we analyzed the systemic antiallodynic properties of diacerhein, a drug used to treat osteoarthritis, in inflammatory and neuropathic models of nociception in mice. the effects of diacerhein were compared with those of gabapentin, a drug used clinically for the management of neuropathic pain. similar to gabapentin, diacerhein was able to significantly reverse the mechanical allodynia induced by carrageenan. a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced nociception was also observ ... | 2005 | 16301256 |
| low-dose intraperitoneal freund's adjuvant: toxicity and immunogenicity in mice using an immunogen targeting amyloid-beta peptide. | complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) is effective for potentiating immune responses in mice when administered subcutaneously, and is often more potent when given intraperitoneally (i.p.). however, the the potential toxicity of i.p. administration in mice has led investigators and institutional animal care and use committees to increasingly view the use of cfa i.p. with reservation. we evaluated whether an 80% reduction in the dose of cfa administered i.p. to mice, compared to the i.p. doses used in ... | 2006 | 16307832 |
| tolerosome-induced oral tolerance is mhc dependent. | oral administration of a protein antigen generates a serum factor that induces tolerance when transferred into naïve recipients. this serum factor has been described in rats as consisting of exosome-like structures or tolerosomes, which express major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules (mhcii) and mediate antigen-specific tolerance. in this study, we investigated the functions of serum-derived tolerosomes both in vivo and in vitro. tolerosomes were purified from the 100,000 g pellet fr ... | 2005 | 16313360 |
| spatial periodicity of escherichia coli k-12 biofilm microstructure initiates during a reversible, polar attachment phase of development and requires the polysaccharide adhesin pga. | using fast fourier transform (fft) analysis, we previously observed that cells within escherichia coli biofilm are organized in nonrandom or periodic spatial patterns. here, we developed a gravity displacement assay for examining cell adherence and used it to quantitatively monitor the formation of two distinct forms of cell attachment, temporary and permanent, during early biofilm development. temporarily attached cells were mainly surface associated by a cell pole; permanent attachments were v ... | 2005 | 16321928 |
| an essential gene for fruiting body initiation in the basidiomycete coprinopsis cinerea is homologous to bacterial cyclopropane fatty acid synthase genes. | the self-compatible coprinopsis cinerea homokaryon amutbmut produces fruiting bodies without prior mating to another strain. early stages of fruiting body development include the dark-dependent formation of primary hyphal knots and their light-induced transition to the more compact secondary hyphal knots. the amutbmut uv mutant 6-031 forms primary hyphal knots, but development arrests at the transition state by a recessive defect in the cfs1 gene, isolated from a cosmid library by mutant complem ... | 2006 | 16322509 |
| cross-sectional relationship between hiv, lymphatic filariasis and other parasitic infections in adults in coastal northeastern tanzania. | the relationship between hiv, lymphatic filariasis, malaria (plasmodium falciparum) and intestinal helminths (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworm) was assessed in a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 907 adults in tanga region, tanzania. overall prevalences were 7.9% for hiv, 43.5% for wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa), 12.3% for p. falciparum, 1.2% for a. lumbricoides, 7.1% for t. trichiura and 75.7% for hookworm. anaemia was assessed ... | 2006 | 16324731 |
| neonatal chronic hind paw inflammation alters sensitization to intradermal capsaicin in adult rats: a behavioral and immunocytochemical study. | the present studies were conducted to examine functional consequences of postnatal chronic inflammation, initiated during a critical developmental period, on capsaicin-evoked hyperalgesia and neuronal activation in adulthood. rats received a unilateral intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa; diluted 2:1 in saline) on postnatal day 0 (p0-cfa) or 14 (p14-cfa). separate groups received an equivalent volume of saline on p0 (p0-vehicle) or were untreated (p0-untreated). increases i ... | 2005 | 16326368 |
| a fundamental bimodal role for neuropeptide y1 receptor in the immune system. | psychological conditions, including stress, compromise immune defenses. although this concept is not novel, the molecular mechanism behind it remains unclear. neuropeptide y (npy) in the central nervous system is a major regulator of numerous physiological functions, including stress. postganglionic sympathetic nerves innervating lymphoid organs release npy, which together with other peptides activate five y receptors (y1, y2, y4, y5, and y(6)). using y1-deficient (y1(-/-)) mice, we showed that ... | 2005 | 16330815 |
| actions of the faah inhibitor urb597 in neuropathic and inflammatory chronic pain models. | while cannabinoid receptor agonists have analgesic activity in chronic pain states, they produce a spectrum of central cb(1) receptor-mediated motor and psychotropic side effects. the actions of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide are terminated by removal from the extracellular space, then subsequent enzymatic degradation by fatty-acid amide hydrolase (faah). in the present study, we compared the effect of a selective faah inhibitor, urb597, to that of a pan-cannabinoid receptor agonist hu210 ... | 2006 | 16331291 |
| novel abeta peptide immunogens modulate plaque pathology and inflammation in a murine model of alzheimer's disease. | alzheimer's disease, a common dementia of the elder, is characterized by accumulation of protein amyloid deposits in the brain. immunization to prevent this accumulation has been proposed as a therapeutic possibility, although adverse inflammatory reactions in human trials indicate the need for novel vaccination strategies. | 2005 | 16332263 |
| exogenous isoleucine and fatty acid shortening ensure the high content of anteiso-c15:0 fatty acid required for low-temperature growth of listeria monocytogenes. | previous studies have demonstrated that the branched-chain fatty acid anteiso-c15:0 plays a critical role in the growth of listeria monocytogenes at low temperatures by ensuring sufficient membrane fluidity. studies utilizing a chemically defined minimal medium revealed that the anteiso fatty acid precursor isoleucine largely determined the fatty acid profile and fatty acid response of the organism to lowered growth temperature. when isoleucine was sufficient, the fatty acid profile was very uni ... | 2005 | 16332779 |
| [study on the safety and immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli recombinant active vaccine]. | to study the safety, immunogenicity on the enterotoxige escherichia coli (e. coli) recombinant active vaccine fe3 and fe16. | 2005 | 16335004 |
| enhanced expression of netrin-1 protein in the sciatic nerves of lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis: possible role of the netrin-1/dcc binding pathway in an autoimmune pns disorder. | netrin-1 is a chemotropic factor that plays an important role as a survival factor in the adult nervous system. to investigate whether netrin-1 is involved in autoimmune injury of the peripheral nervous system (pns), the temporal expression of netrin-1 protein was analyzed in the sciatic nerves of lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean). western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the level of netrin-1 protein in the sciatic nerves of rats on days 11 to 24 post-immuni ... | 2006 | 16337279 |
| interaction between the x chromosome and an autosome regulates size sexual dimorphism in portuguese water dogs. | size sexual dimorphism occurs in almost all mammals. in portuguese water dogs, much of the difference in skeletal size between females and males is due to the interaction between a quantitative trait locus (qtl) on the x-chromosome and a qtl linked to insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) on the cfa 15 autosome. in females, the haplotype of cfa 15 resulting in small size is dominant. in males, the haplotype for large size is dominant. females, homozygous at the chm marker on the x chromosome and ... | 2005 | 16339380 |
| genetics of canid skeletal variation: size and shape of the pelvis. | the mammalian skeleton presents an ideal system in which to study the genetic architecture of a set of related polygenic traits and the skeleton of the domestic dog (canis familiaris) is arguably the best system in which to address the relationship between genes and anatomy. we have analyzed the genetic basis for skeletal variation in a population of >450 portuguese water dogs. at this stage of this ongoing project, we have identified >40 putative quantitative trait loci (qtls) for heritable ske ... | 2005 | 16339381 |
| construction of a 2-mb resolution bac microarray for cgh analysis of canine tumors. | recognition of the domestic dog as a model for the comparative study of human genetic traits has led to major advances in canine genomics. the pathophysiological similarities shared between many human and dog diseases extend to a range of cancers. human tumors frequently display recurrent chromosome aberrations, many of which are hallmarks of particular tumor subtypes. using a range of molecular cytogenetic techniques we have generated evidence indicating that this is also true of canine tumors. ... | 2005 | 16339382 |
| assessing the expression of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-specific surface antigens in recombinant strains by transmission electron microscopy and immunolabeling. | infections with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are a major cause of travelers' diarrhea worldwide. colonization of the small intestine mucosa is dependent on specific colonization factor antigens (cfa) and coli surface (cs) antigens. cfa/1, cs3, and cs6 are the most prevalent fimbrial antigens found in clinical isolates. the goal of our study was to visualize the morphology of cs3 and cs6 fimbriae in wild-type and recombinant e. coli strains by means of transmission electron microscopy ... | 2006 | 16344328 |
| persistent monoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint region enhances nocifensive behavior and lumbar spinal fos expression after noxious stimulation to the hindpaw in rats. | effects of persistent temporomandibular joint (tmj) inflammation on nociceptive responses of remote bodily areas of the rat were investigated. monoarthritis of the tmj region was evoked by the injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into the left tmj region. rats without injection of cfa into the tmj region served as controls (non-cfa group). time spent on licking behavior evoked by the injection of formalin into the left hindpaw and withdrawal thresholds of mechanical stimulation to both ... | 2006 | 16344929 |
| suppression of tumor formation in lymph nodes by l-selectin-mediated natural killer cell recruitment. | natural killer (nk) cells are known to reject certain tumors in vivo; however, the ability of nk cells to prevent metastasis of tumors into secondary lymphoid organs has not been addressed. here, we report that in tumor-bearing hosts, nk cells are recruited to regional lymph nodes in wild-type mice, but not in mice deficient for l-selectin or l-selectin ligands. by adoptive transfer and complete freund's adjuvant stimulation experiments, we demonstrated that l-selectin on nk cells and l-selectin ... | 2005 | 16352740 |
| identification of the syr-syp box in the promoter regions of genes dedicated to syringomycin and syringopeptin production by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b301d. | the phytotoxins syringopeptin and syringomycin are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases which are encoded by the syringomycin (syr) and syringopeptin (syp) genomic island of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. previous studies demonstrated that expression of the syr-syp genes was controlled by the sala-syrf regulatory pathway, which in turn was induced by plant signal molecules. in this study, the 132-kb syr-syp genomic island was found to be organized into five polycistronic operons a ... | 2006 | 16352832 |
| assembly of cs1 pili: the role of specific residues of the major pilin, cooa. | cs1 pili are important virulence factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains associated with human diarrheal disease. they are the prototype for a family of pili that share extensive sequence similarity among their structural and assembly proteins. only four linked genes, coob, cooa, cooc, and cood, are required to produce cs1 pili in e. coli k-12. to identify amino acids important for the function of the major pilin cooa, we used alanine substitution mutagenesis targeting conserved resi ... | 2006 | 16352839 |
| detection of cold pain, cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in freely behaving rats. | pain is elicited by cold, and a major feature of many neuropathic pain states is that normally innocuous cool stimuli begin to produce pain (cold allodynia). to expand our understanding of cold induced pain states we have studied cold pain behaviors over a range of temperatures in several animal models of chronic pain. | 2005 | 16354295 |
| thr0921, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis. | thr0921 is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) agonist with potent anti-diabetic properties. because of the proposed role of ppargamma in inflammation, we investigated the potential of orally active thr0921 to inhibit the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (cia). cia was induced in dba/1j mice by the injection of bovine type ii collagen in complete freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 21. mice were treated with thr0921 (50 mg/kg/day) starting on the day of the ... | 2006 | 16356194 |
| analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on complete freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in mice: a model of antipain treatment by acupuncture in mice. | electroacupuncture (ea) was applied bilaterally to the acupoints of zu-san-li (st-36) and kun-lun (bl-60) in the hindlimbs of mice. the therapeutic effect of ea on inflammatory pain induced by an ipsilateral injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into the right paw of the mouse was investigated in this study. the time of paw-withdrawal latency (pwl) was used as an indicator for judging the intensity of the pain induced by the cfa injection. the ea effects were divided into immediate (pwl ... | 2005 | 16356296 |
| deep tissue inflammation upregulates neuropeptides and evokes nociceptive behaviors which are modulated by a neuropeptide antagonist. | promising recent developments in the therapeutic value of neuropeptide antagonists have generated renewed importance in understanding the functional role of neuropeptides in nociception and inflammation. to explore this relationship we examined behavioral changes and primary afferent neuronal plasticity following deep tissue inflammation. one hour following craniofacial muscle inflammation ipsilateral as well as contralateral head withdrawal thresholds and ipsi- and contralateral hindpaw withdra ... | 2006 | 16359792 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice expressing the autoantigen mbp 1-10 covalently bound to the mhc class ii molecule i-au. | most autoantigens implicated in multiple sclerosis (ms) are expressed not only in the central nervous system (cns) but also in the thymus and the periphery. nevertheless, these autoantigens might induce a strong autoimmune response leading to severe destruction within the cns. to investigate the influence of a dominantly presented autoantigen on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), we generated transgenic mice expressing the autoantigenic peptide mbp 1-10 covalently bound to the mhc ... | 2006 | 16361316 |
| the effects of intradermal vaccination with dna encoding for the t-cell receptor on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in b10.pl mice. | intradermal gene administration was found to induce a more profound immune response than direct intramuscular gene injection. we performed intradermal vaccination of b10.pl mice with dna encoding for the v 8.2 region of the t-cell receptors (tcr). three weeks later, these mice were immunized with rat myelin basic protein (mbp). daily mean clinical scores and mortality rate were lower in this group compared with controls. the proliferative responses of lymph node cells to rat mbp were slightly le ... | 2005 | 16361819 |
| neonatally primed lymph node, but not splenic t cells, display a gly-gly motif within the tcr beta-chain complementarity-determining region 3 that controls affinity and may affect lymphoid organ retention. | ig-proteolipid protein 1 (ig-plp1) is an ig chimera expressing the encephalitogenic plp1 peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 139-151 of plp. newborn mice given ig-plp1 in saline on the day of birth and challenged 7 wk later with plp1 peptide in cfa develop an organ-specific neonatal immunity that confers resistance against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. the t cell responses in these animals are comprised of th2 cells in the lymph node and anergic th1 lymphocytes in the spleen. ... | 2006 | 16365428 |
| beta-endorphin prevents collagen induced arthritis by neuroimmuno-regulation pathway. | to observe the effects and mechanisms of beta-endorphin (beta-end) preventing collagen induced arthritis (cia) by neuroimmuno-regulating pathway. | 2005 | 16380673 |
| effects of ultrasound and diclofenac phonophoresis on inflammatory pain relief: suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in arthritic rats. | the direct effects of ultrasound (us) and phonophoresis of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) on injured peripheral tissue have been widely investigated, but evidence concerning the effects of central spinal nociceptive modulation seems to be lacking. the purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral influences of us and phonophoresis on the modulation of spinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression elicited by hind paw stimulation with an ankle injection of comp ... | 2006 | 16386061 |
| immunogenicity and protection induced by mycobacterium tuberculosis mce-2 and mce-3 mutants in a balb/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. | mycobacterial proteins coded by the mammalian cell entry (mce) genes allow for cell invasion into the host. the mycobacterium tuberculosismce-2 and mce-3 mutants have impaired synthesis of mce proteins and are attenuated in balb/c mice. intra-tracheal infection of balb/c mice with either mce mutant induced lower but progressive production of ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha, as well as larger delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions, than their parental h37rv strain. when used as a subcutaneous vacc ... | 2006 | 16388878 |
| antiidiotypic dna vaccination induces serum bactericidal activity and protection against group b meningococci. | no vaccine is available for preventing infections by serogroup b neisseria meningitidis (menb), which accounts for a major portion of meningococcal cases in developed countries, because of the poor immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide (cp) even after protein conjugation. we have previously induced anticapsular antibodies by immunization with a single chain variable fragment (scfv), which mimics a protective cp epitope. this surrogate antigen, however, was ineffective at inducing serum b ... | 2006 | 16390937 |
| involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids in the response of pseudomonas putida kt2440 to freeze-drying. | pseudomonas putida kt2440, a saprophytic soil bacterium that colonizes the plant root, is a suitable microorganism for the removal of pollutants and a stable host for foreign genes used in biotransformation processes. because of its potential use in agriculture and industry, we investigated the conditions for the optimal preservation of the strain and its derivatives for long-term storage. the highest survival rates were achieved with cells that had reached the stationary phase and which had bee ... | 2006 | 16391080 |
| identification by functional cloning from a retroviral cdna library of cdnas for ribosomal protein l36 and the 10-kda heat shock protein that confer cisplatin resistance. | based on analyses of two-dimensional gel and cdna microarrays, our laboratory and others have demonstrated that a number of genes show altered expression during the development of cisplatin resistance (cp-r) in human cancer cells, including genes associated with dna damage repair, proto-oncogenes, apoptosis, stress-response, and transcription factors. to verify these results and find genes that are directly responsible for cp-r, as opposed to those reflecting a secondary response induced by cisp ... | 2006 | 16394183 |
| neo-epitopes are required for immunogenicity of the la/ss-b nuclear antigen in the context of late apoptotic cells. | mechanisms responsible for the induction of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ana) following exposure of the immune system to an excess of apoptotic cells are incompletely understood. in this study, the immunogenicity of late apoptotic cells expressing heterologous or syngeneic forms of la/ss-b was investigated following subcutaneous administration to a/j mice, a non-autoimmune strain in which the la antigenic system is well understood. immunization of a/j mice with late apoptotic thymocytes taken fr ... | 2006 | 16412047 |
| selective up-regulation of nmda-nr1 receptor expression in myenteric plexus after tnbs induced colitis in rats. | n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda) spinal cord receptors play an important role in the development of hyperalgesia following inflammation. it is unclear, however, if changes in nmda subunit receptor gene expression in the colonic myenteric plexus are associated with colonic inflammation. we investigated regulation of nmda-nr1 receptor gene expression in tnbs induced colitis in rats. male sprague-dawley rats (150 g-250 g) were treated with 20 mg trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs) diluted in 50% et ... | 2006 | 16417630 |
| osmolyte-induced transcription: -35 region elements and recognition by sigma38 (rpos). | in order to meet osmotic challenges in the gastrointestinal tract, enteric bacteria rapidly accumulate salts of glutamate and other weak organic acids. the ensuing transcriptional activation is mediated by unknown elements at sigma38 (rpos)-dependent promoters. here we identify dna elements needed for high levels of transcription in the presence of salt and acetate and show that they are associated with the -35 regions of target promoters. unrelated -35 region sequences are shown to specify maxi ... | 2006 | 16420371 |
| morphine and pain-related stimuli enhance cell surface availability of somatic delta-opioid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia. | the present study demonstrates that perikaryaldelta-opioid receptors (deltaors) in rat dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons bind and internalize opioid ligands circulating in the csf. using confocal and electron microscopy, we found that prolonged morphine treatment increased the cell surface density of these perikaryal deltaors and, by way of consequence, receptor-mediated internalization of the fluorescent deltorphin (dlt) analog omega-bodipy 576/589 deltorphin-i 5-aminopentylamide (fluo-dlt) in ... | 2006 | 16421315 |
| the effect of cd3-specific monoclonal antibody on treating experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | cd3-specific monoclonal antibody was the first one used for clinical practice in field of transplantation. recently, renewed interests have elicited in its capacity to prevent autoimmune diabetes by inducing immune tolerance. in this study, we tested whether this antibody can also be used to treat another kind of autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (mg) and explored the possible mechanisms. mg is caused by an autoimmune damage mediated by antibody- and complement-mediated destruction of achr at ... | 2005 | 16426497 |
| how special is a pathogenic cns autoantigen? immunization to many cns self-antigens does not induce autoimmune disease. | recent work has shown neuro-protective effects of immunization with self-cns antigens in animal models of alzheimer's disease, prion diseases and cns trauma. the major concern with such an approach is the inadvertent induction of autoimmune disease. the present work was initiated to study the incidence of autoimmune disease associated with the induction of t cell autoimmunity to a panel of 70 peptides derived from cns proteins. using a mhc class ii motif developed in our laboratory to identify c ... | 2006 | 16427143 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of alkanoids and triterpenoids from trichodesma amplexicaule roth. | the phytochemical investigation of trichodesma amplexicaule guided by bioassay, to isolation of triterpenoids and aliphatic phytoconstituents. to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of isolated phytoconstituents, models with carrageenan-induced acute arthritis and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced chronic arthritis in rats were conducted. the investigated results showed that alkanoic acid significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced acute arthritis. moreover, alkane also supresse ... | 2006 | 16428021 |
| importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in colonization of the adult mouse small intestine by human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infections are a significant cause of diarrheal disease and infant mortality in developing countries. studies of etec pathogenesis relevant to vaccine development have been greatly hampered by the lack of a suitable small-animal model of infection with human etec strains. here, we demonstrate that adult immunocompetent outbred mice can be effectively colonized with the prototypical human etec h10407 strain (colonization factor antigen i; heat-labile and he ... | 2006 | 16428729 |
| comparative safety and immunogenicity of two attenuated enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine strains in healthy adults. | a vaccine against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. two live attenuated etec strains, ptl002 and ptl003, which express the etec colonization factor cfa/ii, were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 19 subjects ingested one dose, and 21 subjects ingested two doses (days 0 and 10) of ptl-002 or ptl-003 at 2 x 10(9) cfu/dose. anti-cf ... | 2006 | 16428745 |
| construction and phase i clinical evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine strain expressing colonization factor antigen cfa/i. | oral delivery of toxin-negative derivatives of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) that express colonization factor antigens (cfa) with deletions of the aroc, ompc, ompf, and toxin genes may be an effective approach to vaccination against etec-associated diarrhea. we describe the creation and characterization of an attenuated cfa/i-expressing etec vaccine candidate, acam2010, from a virulent isolate in which the heat-stable enterotoxin (st) and cfa/i genes were closely linked and on the same ... | 2006 | 16428753 |
| analysis of antibodies directed against merozoite surface protein 1 of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | the 190-kda merozoite surface protein 1 (msp-1) of plasmodium falciparum, an essential component in the parasite's life cycle, is a primary candidate for a malaria vaccine. rabbit antibodies elicited by the heterologously produced msp-1 processing products p83, p30, p38, and p42, derived from strain 3d7, were analyzed for the potential to inhibit in vitro erythrocyte invasion by the parasite and parasite growth. our data show that (i) epitopes recognized by antibodies, which inhibit parasite rep ... | 2006 | 16428781 |
| high resolution physical map of porcine chromosome 7 qtl region and comparative mapping of this region among vertebrate genomes. | on porcine chromosome 7, the region surrounding the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) contains several quantitative trait loci (qtl) influencing many traits including growth, back fat thickness and carcass composition. previous studies highlighted that a fragment of approximately 3.7 mb is located within the swine leucocyte antigen (sla) complex. internal rearrangements of this fragment were suggested, and partial contigs had been built, but further characterization of this region and ident ... | 2006 | 16433907 |
| increased phosphorylation of c-jun nh (2)-terminal protein kinase in the sciatic nerves of lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis. | the phosphorylation of c-jun nh (2)-terminal protein kinase (jnk), one of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, was analyzed in the sciatic nerves of lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean). western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of both phosphorylated jnk1 (p-jnk1, approximately 46 kda) and phosphorylated jnk2 (p-jnk2, approximately 54 kda) in the sciatic nerves of rats with ean increased significantly (p < 0.05) at day 14 post-immunization (pi) and remained at ... | 2006 | 16434843 |
| spontaneous pain, both neuropathic and inflammatory, is related to frequency of spontaneous firing in intact c-fiber nociceptors. | spontaneous pain, a poorly understood aspect of human neuropathic pain, is indicated in animals by spontaneous foot lifting (sfl). to determine whether sfl is caused by spontaneous firing in nociceptive neurons, we studied the following groups of rats: (1) untreated; (2) spinal nerve axotomy (sna), l5 sna 1 week earlier; (3) msna (modified sna), sna plus loose ligation of the adjacent l4 spinal nerve with inflammation-inducing chromic gut; and (4) cfa (complete freund's adjuvant), intradermal co ... | 2006 | 16436616 |
| moxibustion at st36 alleviates pain in complete freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. | this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of moxibustion in a complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced arthritic rat model, and the effects of moxibustion on immunohistochemical changes at the spinal cord level. moxibustion was applied to the ipsilateral (right) zusanli (st36) acupoint to the lesion side for 9 days to cfa-induced arthritic rats. the stepping force was measured as a behavioral test, c-fos immunohistochemistry, no production and nnos western blots were examined to ... | 2006 | 16437739 |
| prostacyclin-ip signaling and prostaglandin e2-ep2/ep4 signaling both mediate joint inflammation in mouse collagen-induced arthritis. | prostaglandin (pg)i2 (prostacyclin [pgi]) and pge2 are abundantly present in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients. although the role of pge2 in ra has been well studied, how much pgi2 contributes to ra is little known. to examine this issue, we backcrossed mice lacking the pgi receptor (ip) to the dba/1j strain and subjected them to collagen-induced arthritis (cia). ip-deficient (ip-/-) mice exhibited significant reduction in arthritic scores compared with wild-type (wt) mice ... | 2006 | 16446378 |