| in vitro activity of caspofungin combined with fluconazole on mixed candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilm. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of caspofungin (cas) combined with fluconazole (flu) on the biofilm biomass and cultivable viability and microstructure of candida albicans and candida glabrata mixed biofilm in vitro.biofilms were formed in a 96-well microtiter plate for crystal violet assay and colony forming unit (cfu) method and grown on plastic coverslip disks for scanning electron microscopy. mic50 of cas and flu against single candida spp.and mixed candida ... | 2016 | 26768371 |
| systemic antifungal therapy for proven or suspected invasive candidiasis: the amarcand 2 study. | in the context of recent guidelines on invasive candidiasis (ic), how french intensive care units (icus) are managing ic? | 2016 | 26743881 |
| posttreatment antifungal resistance among colonizing candida isolates in candidemia patients: results from a systematic multicenter study. | the prevalence of intrinsic and acquired resistance among colonizing candida isolates from patients after candidemia was investigated systematically in a 1-year nationwide study. patients were treated at the discretion of the treating physician. oral swabs were obtained after treatment. species distributions and mic data were investigated for blood and posttreatment oral isolates from patients exposed to either azoles or echinocandins for <7 or ≥ 7 days. species identification was confirmed usin ... | 2015 | 26711776 |
| evaluation of chromogenic agar, [corrected] vitek2 yst and vitek® ms for identification of candida strains isolated from blood cultures. | the aim of this study is to compare conventional methods, chromogenic agar, [corrected] vitek2 yst card and vitek®ms system for the identification of candida strains isolated from blood cultures. fifty-four strains were identified according to conventional methods, chromogenic agar, [corrected] vitek2 yst card and vitek®ms. sequencing was used as the reference method. the 54 strains included 32 candida parapsilosis, 19 candida albicans, 1 candida glabrata and 2 candida tropicalis according to th ... | 2015 | 26700081 |
| vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is an infection caused by candida species that affects millions of women every year. although candida albicans is the main cause of vvc, the identification of non-candida albicans candida (ncac) species, especially candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. the development of vvc is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological chan ... | 2016 | 26690853 |
| biofilm formation in candida glabrata: what have we learnt from functional genomics approaches? | biofilms are a source of therapeutic failures because of their intrinsic tolerance to antimicrobials. candida glabrata is one of the pathogenic yeasts that is responsible for life-threatening disseminated infections and able to form biofilms on medical devices such as vascular and urinary catheters. recent progresses in the functional genomics of c. glabrata have been applied to the study of biofilm formation, revealing the contribution of an array of genes to this process. in particular, the ya ... | 2016 | 26678748 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida species isolated from the patients with vaginal candidiasis. | there have been the current japanese data on susceptibility testing for candida isolates from vaginal candidiasis. the in vitro activities of therapeutic antifungal drugs for vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc); miconazole (mcz), itraconazole (itcz), fluconazole (flcz), clotrimazole (ctz), oxiconazole (ocz), isoconazole (icz) and bifonazole (bfz) against vaginal isolates. fifty-four strains candida albicans and 19 strains of candida glabrata were evaluated using a broth microdilution method specified ... | 2016 | 26627336 |
| an in vitro study of antifungal drug susceptibility of candida species isolated from human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and human immunodeficiency virus seronegative individuals in lucknow population uttar pradesh. | candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive patients, starting from asymptomatic colonization to pathogenic forms and gradual colonization of non-albicans in patients with advanced immunosuppression leads to resistance for azole group of antifungal drugs with high rate of morbidity and mortality. | 2017 | 26604498 |
| assessment of echinocandin regimens by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis against candida spp. in paediatric patients. | this study aimed to investigate the cumulative fraction of response of various echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin) dosing regimens against candida spp. in paediatric patients with invasive fungal infections (ifis). monte carlo simulations were performed using previously published pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic data to evaluate the ability of each echinocandin regimen in terms of fauc/mic (free drug area under the concentration-time curve/minimum inhibition co ... | 2015 | 26602452 |
| yeasts associated with culex pipiens and culex theileri mosquito larvae and the effect of selected yeast strains on the ontogeny of culex pipiens. | the success of mosquitoes in nature has been linked to their microbiota and bacteria in particular. yet, knowledge on their symbioses with yeasts is lacking. to explore possible associations, culturable yeasts were isolated from wild larvae of culex pipiens and culex theileri. these yeasts were classified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses and identified by sequencing the d1/d2 region of the 26s rrna gene. representative strains of candida, cryptococcus, galactomyces, ... | 2016 | 26573833 |
| candida infection in the intensive care unit: a study of antifungal susceptibility pattern of candida species in milad hospital, tehran, iran. | the occurrence of candida infections has improved during the past two decades as a result of increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. in this study the antifungal susceptibility patterns of candida species isolated from sterile body sites of patients admitted in milad intensive care unit (icu) during 6 months were determined. | 2015 | 26563641 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and bayesian phylogenetic analysis to characterize candida clinical isolates. | clinical candida isolates from two different hospitals in rome were identified and clustered by maldi-tof ms system and their origin and evolution estimated by bayesian phylogenetic analysis. the different species of candida were correctly identified and clustered separately, confirming the ability of these techniques to discriminate between different candida species. focusing maldi-tof analysis on a single candida species, candida albicans and candida parapsilosis strains clustered differently ... | 2015 | 26551247 |
| moonlight-like proteins of the cell wall protect sessile cells of candida from oxidative stress. | biofilms of candida species are associated with high morbidity and hospital mortality. candida forms biofilms by adhering to human host epithelium through cell wall proteins (cwp) and simultaneously neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ros) produced during the respiratory burst by phagocytic cells. the purpose of this paper is to identify the cwp of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida parapsilosis expressed after exposure to different concentrations of h2o2 using ... | 2016 | 26550764 |
| study of clinical spectrum and risk factors of neonatal candidemia. | candida colonization in neonates results in significant morbidity and mortality. the prevalence and clinical significance of neonatal candidemia are poorly understood. | 2015 | 26549069 |
| clinical perspectives on echinocandin resistance among candida species. | we review and offer our clinical perspectives on the emergence of echinocandin-resistant candida. | 2015 | 26524326 |
| typing candida species using microsatellite length polymorphism and multilocus sequence typing. | to gain more insight into the epidemiological relationships between isolates of candida spp. obtained from various origins, several molecular typing techniques have been developed. two methods have emerged in the 2000s as soon as enough knowledge of the candida spp. genomes was available to choose adequate loci and primers, namely microsatellite length polymorphism (mlp) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). to contrast with previous pcr-based methods, specific amplifications with stringent con ... | 2016 | 26519075 |
| impact of antifungal prescription on relative distribution and susceptibility of candida spp. - trends over 10 years. | the incidence of candida spp. infections is worrisome, particularly in critically ill patients. previous reports suggested that increasing use of antifungal therapy might affect resistance profiles of invasive strains. the study objective was to describe the distribution resistance profile of candida spp. strains, and to correlate it with antifungal consumptions within one icu. | 2016 | 26518058 |
| membrane proteome-wide response to the antifungal drug clotrimazole in candida glabrata: role of the transcription factor cgpdr1 and the drug:h+ antiporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2. | azoles are widely used antifungal drugs. this family of compounds includes triazoles, mostly used in the treatment of systemic infections, and imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, often used in the case of superficial infections. candida glabrata is the second most common cause of candidemia worldwide and presents higher levels of intrinsic azole resistance when compared with candida albicans, thus being an interesting subject for the study of azole resistance mechanisms in fungal pathogens.since r ... | 2016 | 26512119 |
| [isolated yeast species in urine samples in a spanish regional hospital]. | candiduria detection in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients is of great clinical significance. the aim of our study was to describe the isolation frequency of significant species of yeasts in urine samples processed in our hospital during the period 2010- 2013, and to analyze their susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. species identification was performed by seeding on a chromogenic medium, the filamentation test and automated systems (asm vitek and maldi biotyper), while sus ... | 2016 | 26507634 |
| antimicrobial potential of 27 plants consumed by chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus blumenbach) in ivory coast. | due to their genetic proximity, chimpanzees share with human several diseases including bacterial, fungal and viral infections, such as candidiasis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), ebola virus disease. however, in its natural environment, chimpanzees are tolerant to several pathogens including simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), virus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that contribute to the emergence of opportunistic diseases such as microbial infections. | 2015 | 26498034 |
| efficient mating-type switching in candida glabrata induces cell death. | candida glabrata is an apparently asexual haploid yeast that is phylogenetically closer to saccharomyces cerevisiae than to candida albicans. its genome contains three mat-like cassettes, mat, which encodes either mata or matalpha information in different strains, and the additional loci, hml and hmr. the genome also contains an ho gene homolog, but this yeast has never been shown to switch mating-types spontaneously, as s. cerevisiae does. we have recently sequenced the genomes of the five spec ... | 2015 | 26491872 |
| [onychomycosis by yeast not common in diabetics of a health center]. | mexican diabetic population frequently presents mycosis under foot hyperkeratosis; however, in another type of onychomycosis as the ones that is assumed candida albicans is the causal agent, it is unknown the frequency, the prevalence and if another candida species or other yeasts are found. | 2016 | 26482238 |
| microbiota-gut-brain axis: yeast species isolated from stool samples of children with suspected or diagnosed autism spectrum disorders and in vitro susceptibility against nystatin and fluconazole. | autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a general term for a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders of brain development that limits a person's ability to function normally. etiology has not been clearly defined up to date. however, gut microbiota and the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and brain, the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis, are hypothesized, which may be involved in the etiology of several mental disorders. recent reports suggest that candida, partic ... | 2016 | 26442855 |
| [first report of invasive fungal disease by candida fabianii in a non-neonatal paediatric patient]. | invasive fungal diseases have increased in recent years. candida species are the most common aetiology. candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida krusei are the cause of most of them. the aim of this work is to describe the first isolation of candida fabianii in the blood of a non-neonatal paediatric patient. | 2016 | 26439426 |
| detection of candida spp. in the vagina of a cohort of nulliparous pregnant women by culture and molecular methods: is there an association between maternal vaginal and infant oral colonisation? | most studies describing vaginal candida spp. in pregnancy focus on symptomatic vaginitis, rather than asymptomatic colonisation, and solely utilise microbiological culture. the extent to which asymptomatic vaginal carriage may represent a reservoir for infant oral colonisation has been highly debated. | 2016 | 26437337 |
| biofilm formation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with candida albicans bloodstream infection-scotland, 2012-2013. | bloodstream infections caused by candida species remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. biofilm formation by candida species is an important virulence factor for disease pathogenesis. a prospective analysis of patients with candida bloodstream infection (n = 217) in scotland (2012-2013) was performed to assess the risk factors associated with patient mortality, in particular the impact of biofilm formation. candida bloodstream isolates (n = 280) and clini ... | 2016 | 26432192 |
| epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in a surgical intensive care unit: an observational study. | invasive candidiasis (ic) is a frequent and life-threatening infection in critically ill patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of ic and the antifungal susceptibility of etiological agents in patients admitted to our surgical intensive care unit (sicu) in spain. | 2015 | 26415526 |
| photodynamic inactivation of a multispecies biofilm using photodithazine(®) and led light after one and three successive applications. | in this investigation, the effectiveness of successive applications of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (api) mediated by photodithazine(®) (pdz) and led light was evaluated against a multispecies biofilm formed by candida albicans, candida glabrata, and streptococcus mutans on denture base acrylic resin. standard cell suspensions (bacteria and yeast) were inoculated on acrylic resin samples, and the biofilm was grown for 48 h (37 °c/75 rpm). api was performed by the administration of pdz ... | 2015 | 26404782 |
| diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to cd4(+) counts. | yeasts are important opportunistic pathogens, in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). yeast species inhabiting the oral mucosa of hiv-infected persons can act as source of oral lesions, especially as the individual progresses towards immunocompromised state. present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in oral cavities of asymptomatic hiv-infected persons and their association with cd4(+) cell counts. | 2017 | 26392655 |
| rate of fks mutations among consecutive candida isolates causing bloodstream infection. | precise fks mutation rates among candida species are undefined because studies have not systematically screened consecutive, disease-causing isolates. the sensititre yeastone (syo) assay measures echinocandin mics against candida with less variability than reference broth microdilution methods. however, clinical breakpoint mics may overstate caspofungin nonsusceptibility compared to other agents. our objectives were to determine candida fks mutation rates by studying consecutive bloodstream isol ... | 2015 | 26392494 |
| peptides from the scorpion vaejovis punctatus with broad antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial potential of two new non-disulfide bound peptides, named vpamp1.0 (lpffllslipsaisaikki, amidated) and vpamp2.0 (fwgflgklamkavpsliggnksssk) is here reported. these are 19- and 25-aminoacid-long peptides with +2 and +4 net charges, respectively. their sequences correspond to the predicted mature regions from longer precursors, putatively encoded by cdnas derived from the venom glands of the mexican scorpion vaejovis punctatus. both peptides were chemically synthesized and assayed ... | 2015 | 26352292 |
| draft genome of a commonly misdiagnosed multidrug resistant pathogen candida auris. | candida auris is a multidrug resistant, emerging agent of fungemia in humans. its actual global distribution remains obscure as the current commercial methods of clinical diagnosis misidentify it as c. haemulonii. here we report the first draft genome of c. auris to explore the genomic basis of virulence and unique differences that could be employed for differential diagnosis. | 2015 | 26346253 |
| evaluation of the "dip effect" phenomenon in antifungal susceptibility testing of candida spp. against echinocandins by use of gradient concentration strips. | the "dip effect" phenomenon complicates antifungal susceptibility testing with gradient concentration strips. of 60 candida isolates tested with the three echinocandins, this phenomenon was observed only for caspofungin with most (>90%) candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida tropicalis isolates and for isolates with clsi mics of ≤0.25 mg/liter. in order to facilitate mic determination, a practical approach was developed using the inhibition zones at 32, 8, 2, and 1 mg/liter, increasing ... | 2015 | 26338855 |
| prevalence and fluconazole susceptibility profile of candida spp. clinical isolates in a brazilian tertiary hospital in minas gerais, brazil. | candidiasis has become an important concern for clinical practice, especially with the increasing incidence of immunocompromised patients. in this scenario, the development resistance to fluconazole presents a challenge for treating these opportunistic infections. the aim of this study was to evaluate some epidemiology features of candida infections in a brazilian university hospital using data, previously unavailable. we observed that 44% of the 93 clinical isolates tested, belonged to candida ... | 2015 | 26312420 |
| yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees (trichechus inunguis and trichechus manatus) in brazil and its relevance for animal health and management in captivity. | the aim of this study was to characterize the yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees kept in captivity in brazil. sterile swabs from the oral cavity, nostrils, genital opening, and rectum of 50 trichechus inunguis and 26 trichechus manatus were collected. the samples were plated on sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25 °c for 5 days. the yeasts isolated were phenotypically identified by biochemical and micromorphological tests. overall, 141 strains were isolated, of w ... | 2015 | 26308797 |
| antifungal activity of 14-helical β-peptides against planktonic cells and biofilms of candida species. | candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of fungal infections and treatment is further complicated by the formation of drug resistant biofilms, often on the surfaces of implanted medical devices. in recent years, the incidence of fungal infections by other pathogenic candida species such as c. glabrata, c. parapsilosis and c. tropicalis has increased. amphiphilic, helical β-peptide structural mimetics of natural antimicrobial α-peptides have been shown to exhibit specific planktonic antifung ... | 2015 | 26287212 |
| characterization of cell wall proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates elucidates hsp150p in virulence. | the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently been described as an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen. fungal cell wall mannoproteins have been demonstrated to be involved in adhesion to inert surfaces and might be engaged in virulence. in this study, we observed four clinical isolates of s. cerevisiae with relatively hydrophobic cell surfaces. yeast cell wall subproteome was evaluated quantitatively by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. we identified totally 25 cell w ... | 2015 | 26270963 |
| synergistic effects of tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate and antimycotics against oral candida species. | epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), the major antimicrobial tea polyphenol, has been reported to inhibit the growth of candida albicans planktonic cells and enhance the antifungal activity of antimycotics. we hypothesised that synergism exists between egcg and conventional antimycotics against biofilms of candida species. | 2015 | 26263544 |
| inpatient ophthalmology consultation for fungemia: prevalence of ocular involvement and necessity of funduscopic screening. | to determine the generalizability of recent data assessing the necessity of ophthalmic consultation for fungemic patients, we examined the prevalence, microbial profile, and treatment of fungal chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis among patients with positive fungal cultures referred for ophthalmologic consultation at a tertiary care medical center. | 2015 | 26235339 |
| sensitive and rapid rt-qpcr quantification of pathogenic candida species in human blood. | for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of candidiasis, we developed a highly sensitive quantitative rt-pcr (rt-qpcr) system for five candida species that have been reported to be the major causes of bloodstream fungal infection (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, and candida krusei), together with a system for all pathogenic candida species. cells of each fungal species spiked into human peripheral blood (pb) were specifically detected at a lo ... | 2015 | 26232708 |
| synthesis and antifungal evaluation of head-to-head and head-to-tail bisamidine compounds. | herein, we describe the antifungal evaluation of 43 bisamidine compounds, of which 26 are new, having the scaffold [am]-[hetar]-[linker]-[hetar]-[am], in which [am] is a cyclic or acyclic amidine group, [linker] is a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine ring, or an aliphatic chain of two to four carbon, and [hetar] is a 5,6-bicyclic heterocycle such as indole, benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, benzofuran, or benzothiophene. in the head-to-head series the two [hetar] units are oriented such that ... | 2015 | 26209266 |
| delicate metabolic control and coordinated stress response critically determine antifungal tolerance of candida albicans biofilm persisters. | candida infection has emerged as a critical health care burden worldwide, owing to the formation of robust biofilms against common antifungals. recent evidence shows that multidrug-tolerant persisters critically account for biofilm recalcitrance, but their underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. here, we first investigated the phenotypic characteristics of candida biofilm persisters under consecutive harsh treatments of amphotericin b. the prolonged treatments effectively killed ... | 2015 | 26195524 |
| retrospective analysis of mortality and candida isolates of 75 patients with candidemia: a single hospital experience. | the mortality rate for candidemia is approximately 30%-60%. however, prognostic factors in patients with candidemia have not yet been elucidated in detail. the aim of the present study was to analyze prognostic factors for candidemia using the mortality rate and candida isolates of patients with candidemia. seventy-five patients with candidemia were analyzed between january 2007 and december 2013. the main outcome of this study was the 30-day mortality rate after the diagnosis of candidemia. the ... | 2015 | 26185460 |
| effect of tyrosol on adhesion of candida albicans and candida glabrata to acrylic surfaces. | the prevention of adhesion of candida cells to acrylic surfaces can be regarded as an alternative to prevent denture stomatitis. the use of quorum sensing molecules, such as tyrosol, could potentially interfere with the adhesion process. therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of tyrosol on adhesion of single and mixed cultures of candida albicans and candida glabrata to acrylic resin surfaces. tyrosol was diluted in each yeast inoculum (10(7) cells/ml in artificial saliva) at ... | 2015 | 26162470 |
| candida isolates from pregnant women and their antifungal susceptibility in a malaysian tertiary-care hospital. | pregnant women are susceptible to vaginal colonization and infection by yeast. the purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of candida spp in high vaginal swabs of pregnant women and their antifungal susceptibility. | 2015 | 26150863 |
| competitive interactions between c. albicans, c. glabrata and c. krusei during biofilm formation and development of experimental candidiasis. | in this study, we evaluated the interactions between candida albicans, candida krusei and candida glabrata in mixed infections. initially, these interactions were studied in biofilms formed in vitro. cfu/ml values of c. albicans were lower in mixed biofilms when compared to the single biofilms, verifying 77% and 89% of c. albicans reduction when this species was associated with c. glabrata and c. krusei, respectively. after that, we expanded this study for in vivo host models of experimental can ... | 2015 | 26146832 |
| biliary amphotericin b pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill liver transplant recipients receiving treatment with amphotericin b lipid formulations. | fungal cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening condition. as amphotericin b (amb) has a broad antimycotic spectrum, in this study its biliary penetration and activity was determined in two patients treated with liposomal amb (l-amb) and in one patient receiving amb colloidal dispersion (abcd). biliary and plasma amb levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography after purification by solid-phase extraction. for assessment of biliary amb activity, isolates of candida albic ... | 2015 | 26119497 |
| performance of chromogenic media for candida in rapid presumptive identification of candida species from clinical materials. | in perspective of the worldwide increase in a number of immunocompromised patients, the need for identification of candida species has become a major concern. the development of chromogenic differential media, introduced recently, facilitate rapid speciation. however, it can be employed for routine mycology workup only after an exhaustive evaluation of its benefit and cost effectiveness. this study was undertaken to evaluate the benefit and cost effectiveness of chromogenic media for speciation ... | 2015 | 26109791 |
| incidence and species distribution of candidaemia in asia: a laboratory-based surveillance study. | the epidemiology of candidaemia varies between hospitals and geographic regions. although there are many studies from asia, a large-scale cross-sectional study across asia has not been performed. we conducted a 12-month, laboratory-based surveillance of candidaemia at 25 hospitals from china, hong kong, india, singapore, taiwan and thailand. the incidence and species distribution of candidaemia were determined. there were 1601 episodes of candidaemia among 1.2 million discharges. the overall inc ... | 2015 | 26100373 |
| phenotypic detection of genitourinary candidiasis among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in ladoke akintola university teaching hospital, osogbo, nigeria. | the management of genitourinary candidiasis (gc) is fraught with challenges, especially, in an era of increasing antifungal resistance. this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between may 2013 and january 2014 determined the prevalence and characteristics of gc and the species of candida among 369 attendees of a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic of ladoke akintola university teaching hospital, osogbo, nigeria. appropriate urogenital specimen collected from each attendee was exam ... | 2015 | 26064140 |
| antifungal activity of extracts and isolated compounds from buchenavia tomentosa on candida albicans and non-albicans. | this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of buchenavia tomentosa extract and bioactive compounds on six candida species. | 2015 | 26059616 |
| synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of zuccagnia punctata cav. and larrea nitida cav. extracts in clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida glabrata. | zuccagnia punctata cav. (fabaceae) and larrea nitida cav. (zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fungal-related infections. although their dichloromethane (dcm) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. | 2015 | 26055132 |
| deletion of the dna ligase iv gene in candida glabrata significantly increases gene-targeting efficiency. | candida glabrata is reported as the second most prevalent human opportunistic fungal pathogen in the united states. over the last decades, its incidence increased, whereas that of candida albicans decreased slightly. one of the main reasons for this shift is attributed to the inherent tolerance of c. glabrata toward the commonly used azole antifungal drugs. despite a close phylogenetic distance to saccharomyces cerevisiae, homologous recombination works with poor efficiency in c. glabrata compar ... | 2015 | 26048009 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial and antifungal activities towards gram-positive, gram-negative bacterial strains and different species of candida fungus. | biomimetic and economic method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) with controlled size has been reported in presence of shape-directing cetlytrimethylammonium bromide (ctab). biochemical reduction of ag(+) ions in micellar solution with an aqueous lemon extract produced spherical and polyhedral agnps with size ranging from 15 to 30 nm. the influence of [ctab] and [lemon extract] on the size of particles, fraction of metallic silver and their antimicrobial properties is discussed. ... | 2015 | 26017756 |
| next-generation sequencing offers new insights into the resistance of candida spp. to echinocandins and azoles. | mdr candida strains are emerging. next-generation sequencing (ngs), which enables extensive and deep genome analysis, was used to investigate echinocandin and azole resistance in clinical candida isolates. | 2015 | 26017039 |
| synergistic antifungal activity of berberine derivative b-7b and fluconazole. | our previous study demonstrated berberine (bbr) and fluconazole (flc) used concomitantly exhibited a synergism against flc-resistant candida albicans in vitro. we also suggested bbr played a major antifungal role in the synergism of flc and bbr, while flc increased intracellular bbr concentrations. our following systematic structural modification and reconstruction of bbr core identified the novel scaffold of n-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)acet-amide derivatives 7a-i ... | 2015 | 25992630 |
| isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents' susceptibility profiles for common and uncommon opportunistic fungi collected in 2013: temporal analysis of antifungal drug resistance using clsi species-specific clinical breakpoints and proposed epidemiological cutoff values. | the in vitro activities of isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents were determined for 1613 clinical isolates of fungi (1320 isolates of candida spp., 155 of aspergillus spp., 103 of non-candida yeasts, and 35 non-aspergillus molds) collected during a global survey conducted in 2013. the vast majority of the isolates of the 21 different species of candida, with the exception of candida glabrata (mic90, 2 μg/ml), candida krusei (mic90, 1 μg/ml), and candida guilliermondii (m ... | 2015 | 25986029 |
| decrease in ribosomal rna in candida albicans induced by serum exposure. | candida albicans is an important polymorphic human pathogen. it can switch from a unicellular yeast form to germinating hypha, which may play a role in making it the successful pathogen it is. this hyphal transformation can be triggered by various extracellular stimuli, the most potent one being serum from any source. we have previously reported that candida albicans transiently polyadenylates portions of both the large and small subunits of ribosomal rna, shortly after serum exposure. northern ... | 2015 | 25946110 |
| development of gendine-coated cannula for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for extended use. | continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (csii) using pumps is a widely used method for insulin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. among the major factors that usually lead to the discontinuation of csii are csii set-related issues, including infection at the infusion site. the american diabetic association currently recommends rotating sites every 2 to 3 days. this recommendation adds cost and creates inconvenience. therefore, in order to prevent infections and extend the duration betw ... | 2015 | 25941227 |
| urinary tract infections and candida albicans. | urinary tract candidiasis is known as the most frequent nosocomial fungal infection worldwide. candida albicans is the most common cause of nosocomial fungal urinary tract infections; however, a rapid change in the distribution of candida species is undergoing. simultaneously, the increase of urinary tract candidiasis has led to the appearance of antifungal resistant candida species. in this review, we have an in depth look into candida albicans uropathogenesis and distribution of the three most ... | 2015 | 25914847 |
| candida survival strategies. | only few candida species, e.g., candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida dubliniensis, and candida parapsilosis, are successful colonizers of a human host. under certain circumstances these species can cause infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. the success of c. albicans, the most prevalent and best studied candida species, as both commensal and human pathogen depends on its genetic, biochemical, and morphological flexibility which facilitates adap ... | 2015 | 25911234 |
| candida biomarkers in patients with candidaemia and bacteraemia. | microbiological strategies are necessary to help clinicians discontinue empirical antifungal therapy in patients with suspected invasive candidiasis. culture methods and biomarkers each show low sensitivity. we analysed the value of combining different biomarkers as a decision-making tool for discontinuing empirical antifungal treatment. | 2015 | 25900160 |
| antifungal susceptibility profiles of bloodstream yeast isolates by sensititre yeastone over nine years at a large italian teaching hospital. | sensititre yeastone (syo) is an affordable alternative to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing. in this study, the mics of yeast isolates from 1,214 bloodstream infection episodes, generated by syo during hospital laboratory activity (january 2005 to december 2013), were reanalyzed using current clsi clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cutoff values to assign susceptibility (or the wild-type [wt] phenotype) to systemic ant ... | 2015 | 25896705 |
| epidemiology of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and cd4+ counts. | the present study was directed to evaluate the forms of oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) and their correlation with cd4+ cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients. | 2015 | 25878473 |
| neutrophil activation by candida glabrata but not candida albicans promotes fungal uptake by monocytes. | candida albicans and candida glabrata account for the majority of candidiasis cases worldwide. although both species are in the same genus, they differ in key virulence attributes. within this work, live cell imaging was used to examine the dynamics of neutrophil activation after confrontation with either c. albicans or c. glabrata. analyses revealed higher phagocytosis rates of c. albicans than c. glabrata that resulted in stronger pmn (polymorphonuclear cells) activation by c. albicans. furthe ... | 2015 | 25850517 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial evaluation of alkaloidal extracts of enantia chlorantha stem bark and their formulated ointments. | the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial evaluation of the formulated ointment of alkaloidal extract of enantia chlorantha oliv. (annonaceae) was the concern of this study. the alkaloidal fraction of the stem bark extract was formulated into simple ointment using british pharmacopoeia formula for preparation of simple ointment. agar diffusion and agar dilution methods were used for the in vitro antimicrobial studies. ketoconazole 4000 μg/ml and tioconazole cream 1% were used as reference standards ... | 2015 | 25850210 |
| prevalence of albicans and non-albicans candiduria in a malaysian medical centre. | to determine the proportion of albicans and non-albicans candiduria in a hospital setting and to ascertain if fluconazole is still suitable as empirical antifungal therapy based on antifungal susceptibility patterns of candida species. | 2014 | 25842581 |
| declining incidence of candidemia and the shifting epidemiology of candida resistance in two us metropolitan areas, 2008-2013: results from population-based surveillance. | recent reports have demonstrated a decline in bacterial bloodstream infections (bsis) following adherence to central line insertion practices; however, declines have been less evident for bsis due to candida species. | 2015 | 25822249 |
| mechanisms of azole resistance among clinical isolates of candida glabrata in poland. | candida glabrata is currently ranked as the second most frequently isolated aetiological agent of human fungal infections, next only to candida albicans. in comparison with c. albicans, c. glabrata shows lower susceptibility to azoles, the most common agents used in treatment of fungal infections. interestingly, the mechanisms of resistance to azole agents in c. albicans have been much better investigated than those in c. glabrata. the aim of the presented study was to determine the mechanisms o ... | 2015 | 25818698 |
| essential oils, silver nanoparticles and propolis as alternative agents against fluconazole resistant candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida krusei clinical isolates. | development of effective and safe therapeutic treatment of fungal infections remains one of the major challenge for modern medicine. the aim of presented investigation was to analyze the in vitro antifungal activity of selected essential oils, ethanolic extracts of propolis and silver nanoparticles dropped on tio2 against azole-resistant c. albicans (n = 20), c. glabrata (n = 14) and c. krusei (n = 10) clinical isolates. among tested essential oils, the highest activity has definitely been found ... | 2015 | 25805904 |
| epidemiology, antifungal susceptibilities, and risk factors for invasive candidiasis from 2011 to 2013 in a teaching hospital in southwest china. | invasive candidiasis (ic) is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections. identification of risk factors for such infection may help in the empirical therapeutic decision-making process. we conducted this study to characterize the clinical epidemiology of such infection and to differentiate risk factors between candida albicans and candida non-albicans species. | 2017 | 25769664 |
| effects of bovine lactoferrin to oral candida albicans and candida glabrata isolates recovered from the saliva in elderly people. | the effects of bovine lactoferrin (blf) on the growth of candida species and on inflammatory cytokine production in gingival keratinocytes, ndusd-1 co-cultured with candida strains were investigated. the results showed that blf at 10 and 100 lg/ml significantly inhibits the growth of two c. albicans strains and two c. glabrata strains isolated from the saliva of elderly people requiring nursing care, respectively. the levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (il)-6, and il-8 in ndusd-1 cocu ... | 2015 | 25756168 |
| [fungal infections and ureteral material: how to manage?]. | urinary tract infections due to candida species are mostly encountered in hospital environment. the management of candiduria on ureteral catheter is not consensual. the objective of our work was to make a review of medical literature related to definition, physiopathology, management and prevention of candiduria on ureteral catheter. | 2015 | 25724861 |
| guideline: vulvovaginal candidosis (awmf 015/072), s2k (excluding chronic mucocutaneous candidosis). | the oestrogenised vagina is colonised by candida species in at least 20% of women; in late pregnancy and in immunosuppressed patients, this increases to at least 30%. in most cases, candida albicans is involved. host factors, particularly local defence mechanisms, gene polymorphisms, allergies, serum glucose levels, antibiotics, psycho-social stress and oestrogens influence the risk of candidal vulvovaginitis. non-albicans species, particularly candida glabrata, and in rare cases also saccharomy ... | 2015 | 25711406 |
| anti-candida activity of quercus infectoria gall extracts against candida species. | galls of quercus infectoria have been traditionally used to treat common ailments, including yeast infections caused by candida species. | 2017 | 25709331 |
| inherited card9 deficiency in otherwise healthy children and adults with candida species-induced meningoencephalitis, colitis, or both. | invasive infections of the central nervous system (cns) or digestive tract caused by commensal fungi of the genus candida are rare and life-threatening. the known risk factors include acquired and inherited immunodeficiencies, with patients often displaying a history of multiple infections. cases of meningoencephalitis, colitis, or both caused by candida species remain unexplained. | 2015 | 25702837 |
| probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 exhibit strong antifungal effects against vulvovaginal candidiasis-causing candida glabrata isolates. | this study investigates the antagonistic effects of the probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 against vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc)-causing candida glabrata. | 2015 | 25688886 |
| synthesis, qsar and anticandidal evaluation of 1,2,3-triazoles derived from naturally bioactive scaffolds. | in the present study, we used eight natural precursors (1a-h) with most of them having promising antimicrobial activities and synthesised their novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (3a-h). in the reaction sequences, the precursor compounds (1a-h) were converted to their respective alkyne (2a-h) followed by addition of benzyl azide freshly prepared by the reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium azide using [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition strategy. structural elucidation of all the triazole derivati ... | 2015 | 25686593 |
| the effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of candida species induced biofilms. | biofilm formation is often associated with increased candida resistance toward antifungal agents. therefore, the current study aimed to assess the incidence of biofilm formation among candida isolates and to investigate the effect of high doses of fluconazole {flc}, voriconazole {voc} and amphotericin b {amb}, singly and in combination on mature biofilms. moreover, it aimed to assess the expression of selected genes (cdr1, kre1 and skn1) responsible for candida biofilm resistance. the study incl ... | 2015 | 25685044 |
| patterns of candida biofilm on intrauterine devices. | biofilms are colonies of microbial cells encased in a self-produced organic polymeric matrix and represent a common mode of microbial growth. microbes growing as biofilm are highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs. we aimed to screen and characterize biofilm formation by different isolates of candida on removed intrauterine devices (iuds), to perform experimental biofilm formation with isolated strains, and to examine biofilm by the crystal violet and xtt reduction assays and scann ... | 2015 | 25681320 |
| site-specific mesenchymal control of inflammatory pain to yeast challenge in vulvodynia-afflicted and pain-free women. | fibroblast strains were derived from 2 regions of the lower genital tract of localized provoked vulvodynia (lpv) cases and pain-free controls. sixteen strains were derived from 4 cases and 4 controls, age and race matched, after presampling mechanical pain threshold assessments. strains were challenged with 6 separate stimuli: live yeast species (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, and saccharomyces cerevisiae), yeast extract (zymosan), or inactive vehicle. production of pros ... | 2015 | 25679469 |
| design of micelle nanocontainers based on pdmaema-b-pcl-b-pdmaema triblock copolymers for the encapsulation of amphotericin b. | the clinical application of amphotericin b (amb), a broad spectrum antifungal agent, is limited by its poor solubility in aqueous medium and also by its proven renal toxicity. in this work, amb was encapsulated in micelles obtained from the self-assembly of pdmaema-b-pcl-b-pdmaema triblock copolymers. the amount of encapsulated amb depended on the copolymer composition, and short blocks of polycaprolactone (pcl) and poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (pdmaema) showed better performance. all ... | 2015 | 25669917 |
| current methods for identifying clinically important cryptic candida species. | in recent years, the taxonomy of the most important pathogenic candida species (candida albicans, candida parapsilosis and candida glabrata) has undergone profound changes due to the description of new closely-related species. this has resulted in the establishment of cryptic species complexes difficult to recognize in clinical diagnostic laboratories. the identification of these novel candida species seems to be clinically relevant because it is likely that they differ in virulence and drug res ... | 2015 | 25659326 |
| susceptibility characterisation of candida spp. to four essential oils. | in the present investigation, anti-candida activity of four essential oils i.e. black cumin (nigella sativa), curry leaf (murraya koienigii), ajwain (trachiyspirum ammi), and betel leaf (piper betel) were screened against four human pathogenic species of candida viz. candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, and candida parapsilosis. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values of the oils ranged between 15.62 and 250 μl/ml while studied through tube dilution method. the oils ... | 2015 | 25657164 |
| invasive candida infections in surgical patients in intensive care units: a prospective, multicentre survey initiated by the european confederation of medical mycology (ecmm) (2006-2008). | a prospective, observational, multicentre study of invasive candidosis (ic) in surgical patients in intensive care units (icus) was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in 72 icus in 14 european countries. a total of 779 patients (62.5% males, median age 63 years) with ic were included. the median rate of candidaemia was 9 per 1000 admissions. in 10.8% the infection was already present at the time of admission to icu. candida albicans accounted for 54% of the isolates, followed by candida parapsilosis 18 ... | 2015 | 25636940 |
| analysis of the essentiality of rom2 genes in the pathogenic yeasts candida glabrata and candida albicans using temperature-sensitive mutants. | to analyse the essentiality of the rom2 genes originating from the pathogenic yeasts candida glabrata and candida albicans by using temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. | 2015 | 25604069 |
| candida albicans opi1 regulates filamentous growth and virulence in vaginal infections, but not inositol biosynthesis. | scopi1p is a well-characterized transcriptional repressor and master regulator of inositol and phospholipid biosynthetic genes in the baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. an ortholog has been shown to perform a similar function in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata, but with the distinction that cgopi1p is essential for growth in this organism. however, in the more distantly related yeast yarrowia lipolytica, the opi1 homolog was not found to regulate inositol biosynthesis, but alkane oxi ... | 2015 | 25602740 |
| in vitro activity of a hos2 deacetylase inhibitor, mgcd290, in combination with echinocandins against echinocandin-resistant candida species. | mgcd290, a hos2 fungal histone deacetylase inhibitor, showed modest activity when tested alone (mic range, 0.12-4 μg/ml; mic50/90, 0.5/4 μg/ml) against candida glabrata (n=15; 14 fks mutants; 5 also fluconazole resistant), candida albicans (8 fks mutants; 2 also fluconazole resistant), candida tropicalis (4 fks mutants), and candida krusei (3 fks mutants). however, mgcd290 showed synergy or partial synergy for 33.3%, 30.1%, 36.7%, and 80.0% of the isolates when tested with anidulafungin, caspofu ... | 2015 | 25600842 |
| molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of 186 candida isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis in southern china. | there is limited information regarding the molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of candida isolates using the neo-sensitabs method in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). from august 2012 to march 2013, 301 non-pregnant patients aged 18-50 years with suspected vvc were prospectively screened at a teaching hospital in southern china. the vaginal isolates were identified by dna sequencing of internal transcribed spacer and the d1/d2 domain. antifungal susceptibility test ... | 2015 | 25596116 |
| t2 magnetic resonance assay for the rapid diagnosis of candidemia in whole blood: a clinical trial. | microbiologic cultures, the current gold standard diagnostic method for invasive candida infections, have low specificity and take up to 2-5 days to grow. we present the results of the first extensive multicenter clinical trial of a new nanodiagnostic approach, t2 magnetic resonance (t2mr), for diagnosis of candidemia. | 2015 | 25586686 |
| defining the transcriptomic landscape of candida glabrata by rna-seq. | candida glabrata is the second most common pathogenic candida species and has emerged as a leading cause of nosocomial fungal infections. its reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs and its close relationship to saccharomyces cerevisiae make it an interesting research focus. although its genome sequence was published in 2004, little is known about its transcriptional dynamics. here, we provide a detailed rna-seq-based analysis of the transcriptomic landscape of c. glabrata in nutrient-rich me ... | 2015 | 25586221 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oils of bocageopsis pleiosperma maas. | essential oils from the leaves, twigs and barks of bocageopsis pleiosperma maas were obtained by using hydrodistillation and analysed by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. several compounds (51) were detected and identified, being β-bisabolene the main component in all aerial parts of the plant, with higher concentration in the leaves (55.77%), followed by barks (38.53%) and twigs (34.37%). in order to increase the biological knowledge about the essential oil of bocageopsis s ... | 2015 | 25562370 |
| [yeast species in vulvovaginitis candidosa]. | vulvovaginal candidiasis is the most common mycosis, however, the available information about antifungal susceptibilities of these yeasts is limited. | 2015 | 25544052 |
| [oral candida species distribution in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer]. | to investigate the distribution of oral candida species in head and neck cancer (hnc) patients treated with radiation therapy, and provide the basis for planning of clinical preventive measures. | 2014 | 25543608 |
| surveillance of antifungal susceptibilities in clinical isolates of candida species at 36 hospitals in china from 2009 to 2013. | the purpose of this study was to determine the species distribution and to monitor the antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical candida isolates collected in china from 2009 to 2013. | 2015 | 25541294 |
| species spectrum and antifungal susceptibility profile of vaginal isolates of candida in kuwait. | the study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) among patients with vaginitis, frequency of different candida species, and their susceptibility profile. | 2015 | 25534676 |
| lab-scale preparations of candida albicans and dual candida albicans-candida glabrata biofilms on the surface of medical-grade polyvinyl chloride (pvc) perfusion tube using a modified gravity-supported free-flow biofilm incubator (gs-ffbi). | the assembly of a man-made gravity-supported free-flow biofilm incubator (gs-ffbi) was described, which was composed of a gas cushion injector and four incubators. the gs-ffbi had the characteristics of (i) a bottom-up flow direction, and (ii) lab-scale biofilm preparation without the use of a multichannel pump. two opportunistic fungal strains, namely candida albicans and candida glabrata, were employed to incubate c. albicans and dual c. albicans-c. glabrata biofilms on the surface of medical- ... | 2015 | 25528294 |
| lupin peptone as a replacement for animal-derived peptone in rich culture media for yeast. | lupin peptone was shown to be a suitable replacement for traditional bacteriological peptone in the culture of candida glabrata, candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae. this new medium formulation allows yeast researchers to increase safety and to eliminate the use of animal products for the culture of yeast in rich medium. | 2015 | 25514068 |
| [trend of susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of candida species from aseptic samples in hospitals in saitama prefecture]. | we investigated the susceptibility of candida species from clinical aseptic samples, including blood, at some hospitals in saitama prefecture. candida spp. detected from aseptic samples in the 6 institutes in saitama prefecture from november 2007 to july 2011 were studied. the number of isolates was 85, which are 43 (50.6%) of candida albicans, 24 (28.2%) of candida parapsilosis, 5 (5.9%) of candida glabrata, 5 (5.9%) of candida tropicalis, 4 (4.7%) of candida guilliermondii, 2 (2.4%) of candida ... | 2014 | 25507301 |
| in vitro anti-yeast activity of chloramphenicol: a preliminary report. | chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent but its antifungal activity is not known. the present study aimed to investigate the activity of chloramphenicol against 30 representative yeasts. the antimicrobial assay of chloramphenicol (50mg/ml; 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml) was determined by the disc diffusion method using mueller-hinton agar against 30 representative yeast strains. zone of inhibition was read after 48-72h incubation at 37°c and results were compared with some standard antif ... | 2015 | 25497707 |