| difference between toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 from south america and us gulf coast. | | 1991 | 1673518 |
| survival of classic cholera in bangladesh. | during the present cholera pandemic the el tor biotype of vibrio cholerae has completely displaced the classic biotype, except in bangladesh. we studied the distribution of these two biotypes in twenty-four rural districts during epidemics in 1988-89; there was clustering of the classic biotype in the southern region and of the el tor biotype in all other regions. these findings suggest that the southern coastal region is now (and may always have been) the habitat of classic cholera. the selecti ... | 1991 | 1674016 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of vibrio cholerae strains associated with a cholera outbreak in hong kong. | we studied vibrio cholerae el tor isolates associated with an outbreak of cholera among vietnamese refugees interned in hong kong. the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the enterotoxin gene was used as an epidemiological marker. all outbreak strains were indistinguishable. they were distinct from strains isolated in hong kong prior to the outbreak. | 1991 | 1676035 |
| processing of tcp pilin by tcpj typifies a common step intrinsic to a newly recognized pathway of extracellular protein secretion by gram-negative bacteria. | biogenesis of the vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) requires the activities of at least seven accessory proteins. we demonstrate that a portion of this pathway involves a novel processing step in which a hydrophilic leader peptide is proteolytically removed from tcpa by the gene product characterized in this report, tcpj, to yield the mature, export-competent form of the pilin. cleavage of the pilin leader peptide is independent of known signal peptidases as demonstrated by pilin-pro ... | 1991 | 1680773 |
| cholera in africa: lessons on transmission and control for latin america. | in january, 1991, epidemic cholera emerged in peru and spread to 7 other countries of latin america. cholera was introduced 20 years ago to africa, where it spread rapidly to 30 of the 46 countries of the region and by 1990 accounted for 90% of all cases reported to the world health organisation. many lessons from the cholera epidemic in africa are relevant to efforts to control the disease in latin america. public health practices from the past--quarantine and cordon sanitaire to halt introduct ... | 1991 | 1681168 |
| shared antigenicity and immunogenicity of type 4 pilins expressed by pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella bovis, neisseria gonorrhoaea, dichelobacter nodosus, and vibrio cholerae. | immunoblotting with polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against pilins expressed by pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella bovis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, dichelobacter nodosus, and vibrio cholerae was used to demonstrate that these polypeptides display conserved antigenic and, in most cases, immunogenic determinants. these determinants appear to be localized to the highly homologous amino-terminal domains (residues 1 to 25). | 1991 | 1682267 |
| structural analysis and functional role of the carbohydrate component of somatostatin receptors. | srif receptors are membrane-bound glycoproteins. to structurally identify the carbohydrate components of srif receptors, solubilized rat brain srif receptors were subjected to lectin affinity chromatography. solubilized srif receptors specifically bound to wheat germ agglutinin-lectin affinity columns but not to succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. this finding, as well as the ability of the solubilized receptor to interact with a sambucus nigra l. lectin affinity column suggested that sialic aci ... | 1991 | 1682310 |
| environmental spread of vibrio cholerae in peru. | | 1991 | 1682633 |
| an inducible bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), a cause of childhood diarrhea, grow on the surface of the small intestine and on cultured epithelial cells as colonies of adherent bacteria. when propagated on solid medium containing blood or attached to hep-2 cells, epec express ropelike bundles of filaments, termed bundle-forming pili (bfp), that create a network of fibers that bind together the individual organisms. bfp were found to be expressed by five epec serogroups, each harboring a approximatel ... | 1991 | 1683004 |
| chaperone-assisted assembly and molecular architecture of adhesive pili. | the assembly of bacterial pili as exemplified here by p and type 1 pili of e. coli is a complex process involving specific molecular interactions between structural and chaperone proteins. the assembly process occurs postsecretionally, i.e. after the subunits are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane. in a single cell, hundreds of thousands of interactive subunits are typically surface localized and assembled into pili. periplasmic chaperones are generally required to bind to the interact ... | 1991 | 1683764 |
| neurocytotoxicity: pharmacological implications. | recent data suggest that brain damage in ischemia, hypoglycemia, and several other brain diseases is caused by excitotoxic mechanisms which are triggered by presynaptic release of glutamate and related excitatory amino acids, and which involve an abnormal postsynaptic influx of calcium into cells containing a high density of glutamate receptors. this contention is supported by results demonstrating reduction of infarct size in focal ischemia due to middle cerebral artery (mca) occlusion, and ame ... | 1991 | 1686604 |
| identification of a mannose-binding pilus on vibrio cholerae el tor. | the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) that is associated with vibrio cholerae strains of el tor biotype is identified as a pilus composed of subunits with a molecular mass of approximately 17 kda. in immunoelectron microscopy, a monoclonal antibody against msha that inhibited el tor vibrio-mediated mannose-sensitive agglutination of chicken erythrocytes or el tor bacterial binding to mannose-coated agarose beads, bound specifically to repetitive subunits along typical fimbriae extending fro ... | 1991 | 1686631 |
| surface and virulence properties of environmental vibrio cholerae non-o1 from albufera lake (valencia, spain). | a total of 140 environmental vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolates, together with several culture collection strains from both environmental and clinical sources, were studied in relation to hemagglutination, surface hydrophobicity, and the enzymatic, hemolytic, cytotoxic, and enterotoxic activities of their extracellular products. a total of 78 and 62% of the strains produced hemagglutinins and exohemagglutinins, respectively. four different hemagglutinating and two exohemagglutinating activities wer ... | 1990 | 1692675 |
| the complete and symmetric transcription of the main non coding region of rat mitochondrial genome: in vivo mapping of heavy and light transcripts. | the experiments here reported demonstrate that the main non-coding region of rat mitochondrial dna is symmetrically transcribed. we have identified stable heavy and light transcripts, whose pattern is rather complex, in the d-loop region of rat mitochondrial dna. their relative concentrations have been determined. we detected heavy transcripts which encompass the whole d-loop and more abundant heavy rna species which we interpreted as transcripts terminating downstream of the 3' end of the last ... | 1990 | 1692771 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from salmonella typhi ty21a. | a live oral vaccine consisting of attenuated salmonella typhi ty21a expressing vibrio cholerae o1 inaba lipopolysaccharide (lps) o antigen was constructed and tested in volunteers for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. fourteen adults ingested three doses of 10(10) viable organisms with buffer. one month later, 8 vaccinees and 13 unimmunized controls were challenged with 10(6) pathogenic v. cholerae o1 e1 t or inaba organisms. no significant adverse reactions to vaccination were observed. all ... | 1990 | 1692807 |
| in vitro murine lymphocyte blastogenic responses to cryptosporidium parvum. | spleen and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes from both cryptosporidium parvum-exposed and unexposed mice were cultured with antigen (ag) prepared from c. parvum oocysts. spleen lymphocytes from oral-, intraperitoneal-, or oral + intraperitoneal-exposed mice did not respond significantly (p greater than 0.05) to ag stimulation. spleen lymphocytes from multioral-exposed mice, however, demonstrated significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) ag-specific blastogenesis. mesenteric lymph node lymphocyt ... | 1990 | 1693675 |
| study of epitopes of cholera enterotoxin-related enterotoxins by checkerboard immunoblotting. | checkerboard immunoblotting, a versatile new technique for examining multiple antigen and antibody interactions simultaneously, was applied in studies of epitopes in the cholera enterotoxin (ct)-related heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) family. the purified antigens used included the following: the b-subunit proteins from two cts (ct-b-1 and ct-b-2), from classical and el tor biotype strains of vibrio cholerae, respectively; human lt-b-1 (h-lt-b-1) and porcine lt-b (p-lt-b) derived from lts produced ... | 1990 | 1694826 |
| roles of target cell membrane carbohydrate and lipid in entamoeba histolytica interaction with mammalian cells. | latex beads and liposomes carrying glycoproteins with carbohydrate sequences recognized by an entamoeba histolytica galactose-specific binding protein were assessed for their ability to adhere to trophozoites and to stimulate amoeba actin polymerization. glycoprotein-conjugated beads bound significantly to amoebae but did not stimulate actin polymerization. glycoprotein-bearing liposomes bound to amoebae and did enhance actin polymerization, as do recognized glycosphingolipid-bearing liposomes ( ... | 1990 | 1694827 |
| effects of substance p on [ca2+]i and force in intact guinea pig ileal smooth muscle. | in intact sheets of the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle, loaded with fura-2, both substance p (sp)- and k(+)-induced contractile responses are preceded by cytoplasmic free ca2+ ([ca2+]i) variations. in response to sp (10(-10)-10(-7) m), [ca2+]i and force increased concentration dependently. from 10(-9) m on, the response was biphasic: an initial ca2+ spike and force transient were followed by a tonic component. the [ca2+]i and force vs. log [sp] curves were sigmoidal for the initial phasic ... | 1990 | 1695485 |
| [the short-term and long-lasting changes in dna and rna synthesis in the cerebral cortex cells of animals subjected to hypoxia and nerve tissue transplantation]. | the dna and rna synthesis in the cells of the brain cortex of intact rats and animals subjected to hypoxia, hypoxia with subsequent transplantation or by the local brain injury has been investigated. the dna synthesis changes insignificantly in the case of hypoxia, it enhances slightly in the area of the injury and increases much more after transplantation. the rna synthesis decreases considerably immediately after hypoxia and decreases much more 120 days later. using the ultracentrifuge method ... | 1990 | 1695526 |
| contractile activity of three endothelins (et-1, et-2 and et-3) on the human isolated bronchus. | 1. the effects of three endothelins: (i) the classical or human/porcine endothelin (et-1); (ii) [trp6, leu7] endothelin (et-2) and (iii) [thr2, phe4, thr5, tyr6, lys7, tyr14] endothelin or rat endothelin (et-3) were tested on the human isolated bronchus. 2. et-1 produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the human isolated bronchus that proceeded in two different steps. the first step was observed at very low concentrations (pd2 = 11.01 +/- 0.17, n = 10) but corresponded to a low intrinsi ... | 1990 | 1695532 |
| electrophysiological and mechanical effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on guinea-pig atria. | 1. the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) on mechanical and electrophysiological responses were studied in the guinea-pig atrial muscle preparations and in single cells. 2. cgrp (greater than 10(-9) m) enhanced the twitch contraction in a concentration-dependent manner in electrically driven left atria and increased heart rate in spontaneously beating right atria. the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of cgrp were not inhibited by propranolol but were attenuated by reduc ... | 1990 | 1695533 |
| surface co-expression of vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhi o-antigens on ty21a clone ex210. | in an attempt to construct a bivalent, live, oral cholera-typhoid vaccine, genes specifying the biosynthesis of vibrio cholerae o-antigen have been transferred into a modified version of the attenuated, oral typhoid vaccine strain salmonella typhi ty21a. the present report investigates the production of v. cholerae and s. typhi o-antigens by one such clone, ex210. when cultured without galactose supplementation ex210 produces surface o-antigen of v. cholerae type, as detected by haemagglutinatio ... | 1990 | 1696342 |
| production of a monoclonal antibody to vibrio cholerae non-o1 heat-stable enterotoxin (st) which is cross-reactive with yersinia enterocolitica st. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) against synthetic heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-o1 (nag-st) was produced. the mab, namely, 2f, belonged to the immunoglobulin g1 class. ascitic fluid drawn from pristane-primed balb/c mice injected with a 2f-producing clone demonstrated anti-nag-st activity which could be detected in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay even at a dilution of 1:128,000. fifty-fold-diluted ascitic fluid could completely neutralize the activity of nag-st (synthetic and nati ... | 1990 | 1696928 |
| two serogroups of vibrio cholerae non-o1 possessing somatic antigen factors in common with hakata serogroup of v. cholerae. | two serogroups of vibrio cholerae non-o1 possessing somatic antigen factors in common with hakata serogroup of v. cholerae are described. one group was included in the hakata serogroup and has its own antigen other than all o-antigens of the hakata group. the other group had its own major antigen, but not factor f specific for the hakata group. | 1990 | 1697631 |
| variation in epitopes of the b subunit of vibrio cholerae non-o1 and vibrio mimicus cholera toxins. | monoclonal antibodies reacting with the b subunit of vibrio cholerae o1 strain 569b cholera toxin (ct-b) were used to identify unique and common epitopes of v. cholerae non-o1 and vibrio mimicus ct-b. vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains produced ct-b showing three monoclonal antibody reaction patterns (epitypes), which corresponded with epitypes described previously for v. cholerae o1 classical biotype ct-b (ct1), el tor biotype ct-b (ct2), and a unique v. cholerae non-o1 ct-b (ct3), which lacked an ... | 1990 | 1697780 |
| evidence that the epidermal growth factor receptor and non-tyrosine kinase hormone receptors stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis by independent pathways. | we have shown previously that exposure of a non-transformed continuous line of rat liver epithelial (wb) cells to epidermal growth factor (egf), adrenaline, angiotensin ii or [arg8]vasopressin results in an accumulation of the inositol phosphates insp1, insp2 and insp3 [hepler, earp & harden (1988) j. biol. chem. 263, 7610-7619]. studies were carried out with wb cells to determine whether the egf receptor and other, non-tyrosine kinase, hormone receptors stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis by ... | 1990 | 1698055 |
| effects of sodium butyrate and 5-azacytidine on dna methylation in human tumor cell lines: variable response to drug treatment and withdrawal. | the effect of butyrate (btr) and 5-azacytidine (azac) on genomic dna methylation was examined in a variety of human tumor cell lines. butyrate treatment differentially affected 5-methylcytosine (m5c) content in a cell type-specific manner. for example, incubation of cbt cells (glioblastoma multiforme) for 48 h in medium containing 2 mm btr resulted in the hypomethylation of their dna; after removal of the drug, the m5c content was rapidly (24 h) restored to its original level. in contrast, when ... | 1990 | 1698097 |
| developmental cycle-specific host-free rna synthesis in chlamydia spp. | the incorporation of radiolabeled gtp into rna in host-free chlamydia trachomatis serovar l2 organisms was investigated. the incorporation was partially inhibited by rifampin and dactinomycin and hydrolyzed by rnase. rna made by host-free chlamydiae consisted mainly of species of fewer than 800 bases in size, although 16s and 23s species were noted by agarose-gel electrophoresis. the hybridization of radiolabeled host-free rna to restriction fragments of the gene encoding the major outer membran ... | 1990 | 1698176 |
| periodic gammaglobulin to prevent hepatitis c in at-risk sexual partners. | | 1990 | 1698238 |
| inhibitory effect of galanin on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats. | the dose-dependent effects of galanin on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were examined. intravenous infusion of galanin at doses of 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 1.87, 3.11, and 6.22 nmol/kg-1/h-1 into pentagastrin-stimulated rats produced a diminution in gastric acid secretion which was maximal (54.7%) at the level of the 1.87 nmol/kg-1/h-1 dose. furthermore, the effect was biphasic, since both lower and higher doses of peptide were less effective ... | 1990 | 1698305 |
| desensitization of the dopaminergic system in bovine retina following incubation with high potassium. | the effect of potassium depolarization on dopamine d1 receptor activity in bovine retina was investigated. preincubation of bovine retinas in buffer containing high kcl (56 mm) as compared to a low kcl control buffer resulted in a significant decrease in dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with no change in basal or gtp-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. the apparent vmax for dopamine was decreased from 102 +/- 15 pmol/min/mg protein in retinas preincubated in high kcl to 71 +/- 1 ... | 1990 | 1698510 |
| regions of the cloned vibrio cholerae rfb genes needed to determine the ogawa form of the o-antigen. | the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae 01 can exist in two forms termed inaba and ogawa. we used a complementation system to demonstrate that the ogawa phenotype is dominant over the inaba phenotype. by using a set of deletions affecting the ogawa rfb genes, we identified two regions which are needed to confer the ogawa phenotype. in vitro mutagenesis of the cloned ogawa rfb genes resulted in the isolation of variants with the inaba phenotype. the results are interpreted wit ... | 1990 | 1702506 |
| localization of protective epitopes within the pilin subunit of the vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus. | from a collection of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize the native structure of the toxin-coregulated pilus of vibrio cholerae, two protective mabs (16.1 and 169.1) were used to localize the corresponding epitopes on the pilus. these mabs were shown to specifically recognize the carboxyl half of the tcpa pilin subunit, as determined by their recognition of proteolytic fragments and hybrid pilin proteins. the positions of the epitopes were precisely determined through the use of overlapp ... | 1991 | 1702758 |
| gmp-140 binds to a glycoprotein receptor on human neutrophils: evidence for a lectin-like interaction. | gmp-140 is a rapidly inducible receptor for neutrophils and monocytes expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. it is a member of the selectin family of lectin-like cell surface molecules that mediate leukocyte adhesion. we used a radioligand binding assay to characterize the interaction of purified gmp-140 with human neutrophils. unstimulated neutrophils rapidly bound [125i]gmp-140 at 4 degrees c, reaching equilibrium in 10-15 min. binding was ca2+ dependent, reversible, and satur ... | 1991 | 1704009 |
| purification of el tor cholera enterotoxins and comparisons with classical toxin. | in 55 clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor, cholera toxin (ct) production was higher after growth in liquid medium first under relatively anaerobic conditions followed by excessive aeration (aki conditions) as compared with growth under the optimal conditions for ct production from v. cholerae of classical biotype (median toxin level being 400 ng ml-1 and 1 ng ml-1 respectively, for the two different growth conditions). large growth volumes further enhanced el tor toxin production ... | 1990 | 1704409 |
| positive transcriptional regulation of an iron-regulated virulence gene in vibrio cholerae. | we have previously described a virulence gene in vibrio cholerae (irga) that is more than 850-fold regulated in response to iron. negative regulation of irga by iron occurred at the transcriptional level, and there was a dyad symmetric nucleotide sequence in the vicinity of the irga promoter homologous to the fur binding site in escherichia coli. when irga was cloned into e. coli, we showed that transcription of irga required 900 base pairs of dna upstream of the irga promoter that contained an ... | 1991 | 1705025 |
| new model for analysis of mucosal immunity: intestinal secretion of specific monoclonal immunoglobulin a from hybridoma tumors protects against vibrio cholerae infection. | secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) plays a role in defense against vibrio cholerae and other microorganisms that infect mucosal surfaces, but it is not established whether siga alone can prevent disease. we report here a strategy for identifying the antigen specificities of monoclonal siga antibodies that are capable of providing such protection. iga hybridomas were generated from peyer's patch lymphocytes after oral immunization with v. cholerae ogawa 395. a clone was selected that produced dime ... | 1991 | 1705246 |
| [the determination of neuraminidases in vibrios of the 01 and non-01 groups]. | vibrio cholerae 01 and non 01 neuraminidase may be rapidly detected with the use of a synthetic 4-methylumbelliferyl-neuraminic acid substrate. other vibrios and enterobacteriaceae show no neuraminidase activity against this substrate. the method may be used with microorganism cultures grown in solid and liquid nutrient media. the time of analysis is 15-20 min. | 1990 | 1705608 |
| [optimization of bacteriologic studies of cholera]. | a colored medium is described, consisting of dry nutrient agar, 1 percent mannose, and 0.02 percent bromothymol blue. use of this medium helps accelerate the process of vibrio growth and differentiate mannose-positive vibrios from mannose-negative ones. the described medium is simple to make and use, thus recommending it for bacteriologic laboratories. | 1990 | 1705614 |
| [molecular cloning of lipopolysaccharide genes of the vibrio cholerae in e. coli hb101]. | a genomic library of the v. cholerae 178 (eltor biotype, ogawa serotype) was constructed by using cosmid phc 79 as a cloning vector. we screened the library with immune agglutination test and colonies solid phase elisa. 13 positive recombinants which could express the o antigen of the v. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) were acquired. the lps was then extracted from a positive recombinant pmm-vo 38 by using hot phenol-water method. it was found that purified lps specifically reacted to antisoma ... | 1991 | 1709766 |
| [a method of detecting phages in lysogenic strains of vibrio cholerae]. | | 1991 | 1709991 |
| characterization and immunogenicity of ex880, a salmonella typhi ty21a-based clone which produces vibrio cholerae o antigen. | ex645 is a derivative of salmonella typhi ty21a which carries a plasmid specifying production of vibrio cholerae o antigen. when cultured with exogenous galactose to overcome the gale defect of the vector, ex645 also synthesizes s. typhi o antigen, and this can result in the masking of the shorter v. cholerae o antigen on the bacterial surface. to determine whether the potential for such masking at least partly underlies the inconsistency of anti-v. cholerae responses elicited by ex645, a deriva ... | 1991 | 1711014 |
| immunogenicity of vibrio cholerae o1 toxin-coregulated pili in experimental and clinical cholera. | a functional tcpa gene, encoding the major subunit of toxin-coregulated pili (tcp), is necessary for vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa strain 395 to colonize the human intestine and confer protective immunity to virulent challenge. the immunogenicity of tcp and other antigens in experimental and naturally acquired cholera was determined. seroconversion to cholera toxin (ct), whole cell preparations, and to ogawa lipopolysaccharide but not to purified native tcp or to a tcpa mimiotope was found in volunte ... | 1991 | 1711017 |
| comparison of the effects of intra-arterial and aerosol administration of endothelin-1 (et-1) in the guinea-pig isolated lung. | 1. intra-arterial injection of endothelin-1 (et-1, 400 pmol; 1 microgram) in guinea-pig isolated perfused lungs, induced increases in pulmonary inflation pressure (pip) and perfusion pressure (ppp), associated with oedema formation and thromboxane b2 (txb2) release but not with the generation of sulphidopeptide leukotrienes or release of histamine. in contrast, aerosol administration of et-1 (3, 6, 10 micrograms ml-1, for 2 min) evoked a dose-dependent increase in pip, without significant change ... | 1991 | 1713103 |
| eric sequences: a novel family of repetitive elements in the genomes of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and other enterobacteria. | we describe a family of highly conserved, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences, 14 of which have been identified in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium and a further three in other enterobacterial species (yersinia pseudotuberculosis, klebsiella pneumoniae and vibrio cholerae). eric sequences are 126 bp long and appear to be restricted to transcribed regions of the genome, either in intergenic regions of polycistronic operons or in untranslated regions upstrea ... | 1991 | 1713281 |
| [an experimental study of the safety of a chemical monovalent tableted cholera vaccine in enteral administration]. | the safety of experimental chemical cholera monovalent vaccine in tablets, produced by the institute "microbe" (saratov, ussr), has been studied. the study has shown that the vaccine, administered to adult rabbits and germ-free suckling rabbits by the enteral route, retains residual toxicity, mainly due to the presence of o-antigen. one or two administrations of 1-2 human doses of this preparation to adult rabbits induce minimal structural changes admissible from the viewpoint of safety. after i ... | 1991 | 1713379 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence determination of the gene responsible for ogawa serotype specificity of v. cholerae 01. | the gene encoding a protein of 27 kda, which is specifically expressed in vibrio cholerae of serotype ogawa, was identified and its nucleotide sequence determined. the plasmid carrying this gene was found to convert serotype specificity from inaba to ogawa when introduced into the escherichia coli dh5(pvci112) cell which harbors a cloned 20-kilobase genomic dna fragment of v. cholerae nih35a3 and expresses the 01 antigen of inaba serotype. | 1991 | 1713857 |
| [the use of micromethods for the identification of vibrios]. | the authors recommend micromethods for laboratory studies of vibrio; such methods may be widely used at bacteriologic laboratories for examinations of biochemical characteristics of these microorganisms, for rapid identification of v. cholerae 01, and for serologic identification (typing) of v. cholerae non 01, since they accelerate the diagnosis and are much simpler than macromethods. | 1991 | 1715949 |
| [the effect of the growth period of a culture of l-929 cells on its sensitivity to the action of vibrio cholerae cytolysin]. | the activity of purified v. cholerae cytolysin was estimated from its cytotoxic effect on l-929 cells in various growth phases. the period of target cell development was supposed to influence the sensitivity of the test. cytolysin preparation is thermolabile, and its effect is neutralized with homologous antiserum. | 1991 | 1715950 |
| [an immunoenzyme method of detecting vibrio cholerae cytolysin]. | enzyme immunoassay was used in detection of v. cholerae cytolysin. conjugate of immunoglobulins to purified cytolysin with horseradish peroxidase was used, obtained by the periodate technique. the method sensitivity is 2 ng/ml of purified cytolysin. the results of hemolytic activity measurements in supernatants of 40 v. cholerae strains and enzyme immunoassay findings were in high correlation. | 1991 | 1715951 |
| an enzyme-linked lectin assay for sialidase. | a procedure for the detection of low activities of sialidase (= neuraminidase) is described. natural substrates for sialidase (human erythrocytes, fetuin or gangliosides) were coated onto the wells of microplates and incubated at 37 degrees c with the enzyme. sialidase-induced desialylation of these natural substrates unmasks saccharides that are specifically recognized by the peanut agglutinin lectin (pna). the use of a peroxidase-conjugated pna (po-pna) allowed the binding of the lectin to the ... | 1991 | 1716184 |
| in vivo evidence of immunological masking of the vibrio cholerae o antigen of a hybrid salmonella typhi ty21a-vibrio cholerae oral vaccine in humans. | the immunogenicity of the live oral hybrid vaccine organism salmonella typhi ty21a/v. cholerae inaba (ex210) following its growth in media containing variable concentrations of supplemental galactose was examined in human volunteer subjects. the local intestinal iga-specific antibody responses to both typhoid and cholera lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations were determined. it was observed that the immunogenicity of the galactose-independent vibrio cholerae o antigen in vivo was dependent upon ... | 1991 | 1716810 |
| [the characteristics of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of a new cholera bivalent chemical vaccine based on the results of controlled trials]. | the reactogenic properties and immunological potency of modified cholera chemical vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + o-antigens inaba and ogawa) were tested in 278 volunteers aged 18 years and over in comparison with those of a commercial batch of monovalent cholera vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + o-antigen inaba). the cholera vaccine, enriched with o-antigen ogawa, was found to be safe; vaccination with this vaccine was not accompanied by the development of systemic and local reactions whose frequency a ... | 1991 | 1719716 |
| construction of plasmid vectors with a non-antibiotic selection system based on the escherichia coli thya+ gene: application to cholera vaccine development. | the construction of live oral carriers based on attenuated salmonella strains as vectors offers a new approach to vaccine development. we have constructed a set of plasmid vectors which have the thya gene of escherichia coli (encoding thymidylate synthetase) as the marker for selection and maintenance of plasmid clones. the thya system offers an alternative to antibiotic-resistance selection markers. it can be easily adapted to a particular host-vector combination since thya chromosomal mutation ... | 1991 | 1720753 |
| [determination of the cytotoxic activity of vibrio cholerae]. | cytotoxic activities of broth culture supernatants of 39 v. cholerae strains 01 and non 01 were studied in l-929 cell cultures. the examined strains differed by the cytotoxic factor production, which factors were identified (with the use of anti-cytolysin serum) as cytolysin. the strains capable of choleric enterotoxin secretion did not produce cytolysin. | 1991 | 1722537 |
| effect of lipopolysaccharide core synthesis mutations on the production of vibrio cholerae o-antigen in escherichia coli k-12. | the rfb genes of vibrio cholerae o1 (ogawa serotype) were subcloned into a derivative of pbr322. this plasmid was transformed into several escherichia coli k-12 mutant strains which produce an incomplete lipopolysaccharide (lps)-core-oligosaccharide region. the data indicate that the v. cholerae o-antigen is assembled onto the e. coli lps and that at least two glucoses are needed in the core in order to achieve a high level of production. these data are consistent with the reported presence of g ... | 1991 | 1722766 |
| epitope differences in toxin-coregulated pili produced by classical and el tor vibrio cholerae o1. | a toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), that is important for intestinal colonization of vibrio cholerae o1, may be produced by vibrios of both classical and ei tor biotypes. by comparing tcp produced by various strains of the two biotypes in immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antisera against tcp from classical vibrios, we have found biotype-related epitope differences in tcp. our results indicate that tcp of classical strain ... | 1991 | 1724789 |
| enzymatic characterization of vibrionaceae strains isolated from environment and cold-blooded animals. | enzymatic profiles were determined by the api zym system for 15 strains of non 01 vibrio cholerae, 4 strains of v. metschnikovii, 9 strains of v. anguillarum, 6 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides and 115 strains motile aeromonas sp. all of the tested strains produced alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and did not possess alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. some differences in enzymatic activities among the tested vibrionaceae strains were noted. the strains of non 01 v. cholerae, ... | 1991 | 1725094 |
| identification of epitopes of the receptor binding subunit of cholera toxin by synthetic peptide and cbib approaches. | | 1991 | 1725236 |
| oral immunization with salmonella typhi ty21a-based clones expressing vibrio cholerae o-antigen: serum bactericidal antibody responses in man in relation to pre-immunization antibody levels. | previous studies have shown that oral immunization with salmonella typhi ty21a-based clones expressing vibrio cholerae o-antigen elicits serum antibody responses against the foreign polysaccharide in human volunteers. these responses are conveniently assayed by complement-dependent bacteriolysis of v. cholerae. in this report the bactericidal responses generated by two such clones are analysed in relation to the pre-immunization titres of various serum antibodies. a significant association was f ... | 1991 | 1725837 |
| [the use of a cho cell culture in studying vibrio cholerae grown under different conditions]. | studies of biological activity of cholera vibrios in cultures of chinese hamster ovary cells (cho) have revealed their strong dependence on culture conditions. elongation of cho cells is caused only by choleragenic strains. under stationary conditions of culture the vibrios were found to release haemolisin into the medium and had a cytotoxic effect. most of cytotoxic supernatants exhibited a neuraminidase activity. proteolytic activity was less dependent on the vibrio culture conditions. strains ... | 1991 | 1726445 |
| the antibody response to an oral ty21a-based typhoid-cholera hybrid is unaffected by prior oral vaccination with ty21a. | | 1992 | 1727891 |
| role of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase in the function of cholera toxin. | vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (nanase) is hypothesized to act synergistically with cholera toxin (ct) and increase the severity of a secretory response by increasing the binding and penetration of ct to enterocytes. to test this hypothesis, the nanase gene (nanh) from v. cholerae ogawa 395 was first cloned and sequenced. isogenic wild-type and nanase- v. cholerae 395 strains were then constructed by using suicide vector-mediated mutagenesis. the influence of nanase on ct binding and penetration ... | 1992 | 1730470 |
| cloning of a gene (zot) encoding a new toxin produced by vibrio cholerae. | live oral candidate cholera vaccines have previously been constructed by deletion of vibrio cholerae sequences encoding the enzymatically active a subunit of the cholera toxin. however, volunteer studies have shown that these non-cholera toxin-producing strains still provoke mild to moderate diarrhea in some individuals. we recently reported the identification of a second toxin produced by v. cholerae which may be responsible for this residual diarrhea (a. fasano, b. baudry, d. w. pumplin, s. s. ... | 1992 | 1730472 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae intestinal pathology and invasion in the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea model. | a modified removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (ritard) model was used to investigate the intestinal pathology, intestinal bacterial colonization, intestinal fluid volume, and onset of diarrhea caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae. three strains of non-o1 v. cholerae were studied. ritard rabbits challenged with 10(3) cfu of strain nrt36s (a strain previously shown to cause diarrhea in volunteers) developed grade 3 diarrhea at 48 to 72 h. the mean counts of non-o1 v. cholerae isolated were ... | 1992 | 1730473 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease, colonial variation, virulence, and detachment. | the structural gene, hap, for the secreted hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease), a putative virulence factor of vibrio cholerae, has recently been cloned and sequenced (c. c. häse and r. a. finkelstein, j. bacteriol. 173:3311-3317, 1991). the availability of the null mutant, hap-1, and hap-1 complemented with pch2 (which expresses ha/protease), enabled an examination of the role of ha/protease in the virulence of v. cholerae in an animal model. however, the mutants exhibited reversible colonial ... | 1992 | 1730478 |
| occurrence of resistance to vibriostatic compound 0/129 in vibrio cholerae 01 isolated from clinical and environmental samples in bangladesh. | fifty-one vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated from 734 natural water and plankton samples and 31 rectal swabs were examined. of these strains, 32 (62.7%) were found to be resistant to vibriostatic compound 0/129. when antibiograms using the antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, furoxan, and gentamicin were done, it was observed that there was a correlation of sensitivity to 0/129 with selected antibiotics. only the ogawa e1 tor (72% of strains resi ... | 1992 | 1734056 |
| cholera associated with an international airline flight, 1992. | | 1992 | 1738360 |
| nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the reca gene of vibrio cholerae. | | 1992 | 1741267 |
| coagglutination test for rapid detection of salmonella enterotoxin. | the staphylococcal coagglutination (coa) test using staphylococcus aureus (cowan type-1) cells coated with antiserum against purified salmonella enterotoxin was standardized and carried out to screen salmonella serotypes for their enterotoxigenicity. of the 101 cell-free culture supernatants from an equal number of salmonella strains belonging to 15 different serotypes tested, 76 were found to be enterotoxigenic. all of the 24 strains which gave positive reactions in the rabbit ligated ileal loo ... | 1991 | 1741910 |
| risk of cholera transmission by foods. | | 1991 | 1742574 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharides alter human endothelial cell morphology in vitro independent of cytokine secretion. | lipopolysaccharides derived from six bacterial species were found to alter human endothelial cell morphology in vitro in a species-dependent and dose-dependent manner. lipopolysaccharides derived from salmonella enteritidis (selps) induced the strongest response, whereas lipopolysaccharides from vibrio cholerae produced no effect. cell-shape changes induced by selps (10 micrograms/ml) were noticeable by 24 hours and reached a maximum by 72 hours, thus paralleling the effects produced by the reco ... | 1991 | 1744505 |
| a hospital outbreak of cholera in dhaka, bangladesh. | | 1991 | 1750100 |
| surveillance of patients attending a rural diarrhoea treatment centre in bangladesh. | in may 1983, a surveillance system was set up at a rural diarrhoea treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b) to study a 20% systematic sample of all admissions. between may 1983 and april 1984, 2,635 patients were studied. a recognized enteric pathogen was detected in 69% of the patients screened, 15% of whom had a mixed infection. vibrio cholerae 0: 1 was the most common enteropathogen detected (39%), followed by enterotoxigenic escherich ... | 1991 | 1750109 |
| identification of vibrio cholerae by enzyme electrophoresis. | zymovar analysis of 260 strains of vibrio cholerae plus 3 reference strains of v. mimicus, using 13 structural loci, led to the grouping of strains in 73 zymovars (strain or group of strains sharing the same alleles). effective separation of strains, distinction of v. cholerae strains from closely related v. mimicus and the detection of 2 vibrio strains, including one with two o1 serovars, in supposedly pure collection cultures, illustrate the potential of zymovar analysis in the identification ... | 1991 | 1755069 |
| a polyclonal-monoclonal antibody based sensitive sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of cholera toxin. | a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific detection of prototype cholera toxin (ct) elaborated by vibrio cholerae serovar o1 has been developed. the use of a high affinity monoclonal antibody (mab) for capturing of ct epitopes permitted a high efficiency. using this elisa, we sought in vitro production of ct from clinical strains of v. cholerae o1, non-o1 and from lt-producing e. coli. all culture supernatants of v. cholerae o1 were positive for ct whereas v. ch ... | 1991 | 1755920 |
| genetic analysis of the export of an extracellular dnase of vibrio cholerae using dnase-beta-lactamase fusions. | a series of c-terminal deletions of the dns-encoded extracellular deoxyribonuclease (dns) of vibrio cholerae, fused to the mature form tem beta-lactamase (bla) has been used to analyse the export of the dnase in both v. cholerae and escherichia coli. all hybrid proteins were localized to the periplasmic space in e. coli and v. cholerae, with specific cleavage of the dns-bla fusion occurring in v. cholerae. periplasmic accumulation of wt dns was also seen in v. cholerae when present on a multicop ... | 1991 | 1761228 |
| amylin is more potent and more effective than glucagon in raising plasma glucose concentration in fasted, anesthetized rats. | amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide secreted from the pancreatic beta-cells. it has actions on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo, including elevation of blood glucose. in this study, the hyperglycemic effect of intravenous bolus injections of amylin was compared with similar injections of glucagon in 20-hour fasted rats lightly anesthetized with halothane. administered doses ranged from 0.01 micrograms to 1000 micrograms (about 7 pmol/kg--750 nmol/kg for amylin and 8 pmol/kg--800 pmol/kg for glucago ... | 1991 | 1764079 |
| transcription of the vibrio cholerae haemolysin gene, hlya, and cloning of a positive regulatory locus, hlyu. | transcription of the vibrio cholerae hlya gene, which encodes a cytotoxic haemolysin, has been investigated. the hlya transcript initiates 430 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translational start site. hlya-cat transcriptional fusion constructs were active in v. cholerae but not in escherichia coli. an hlya-cat fusion was used to select, from a v. cholerae o17 plasmid library, a clone that could activate the hlya promoter in e. coli. this regulatory locus has been designated hlyu. hlyu appears t ... | 1991 | 1766378 |
| [development of a rehydration therapy in diarrheic disease. 1980]. | intravenous rehydration is required only in patients with severe diarrhea due to v. cholerae who are in shock, with absent peripheral pulse and blood pressure; when the shock has been corrected, rehydration can be completed using an oral rehydration solution. the intravenous solution to be used is 5:4: 1 (5g of sodium chloride, 4g of sodium bicarbonate and 1g of potassium chloride per liter) or a comparable commercial alkaline solution. for oral rehydration a solution is used containing 3.5 g so ... | 1991 | 1767034 |
| effect of endocytic and metabolic inhibitors on the internalization and intracellular growth of brucella abortus in vero cells. | uptake, transfer to rough endoplasmic reticulum, and intracellular growth of brucella abortus were studied in vero cells treated with endocytic and metabolic inhibitors. infection of vero cells was suppressed when inhibitors of energy metabolism (iodoacetate, dinitrophenol), receptor-mediated endocytosis (monodansylcadaverine, amantadine, methylamine), or endosomal acidification (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, monensin) were added to the inoculum. inhibition was not observed when these drugs we ... | 1991 | 1767988 |
| cholera enterotoxin production in vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from the environment and from humans in japan. | vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from various sources in japan over the years 1977 through 1987 were examined to confirm the presence or absence of the cholera enterotoxin (ct) gene and production of ct and to determine the kappa-phage type. the ct gene was detected in none of 225 isolates from natural waters but was present in all of the 10 isolates from environmental waters implicated in domestic cholera cases, in 64 strains (26.6%) of the 241 isolates from imported seafoods, in 43 strains ... | 1991 | 1768087 |
| analysis of high psa n-cam expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development. | using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes specifically a high polysialylated form of n-cam (high psa n-cam), the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule was studied in developing spinal cord and neural crest derivatives of mouse truncal region. temporal expression was analyzed on immunoblots of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (drgs) extracts microdissected at different developmental stages. analysis of the ratio of high psa n-cam to total n-cam indicated that sialylation and desia ... | 1991 | 1769342 |
| monitoring of potassium-stimulated catecholamine changes in striatal synaptosomal preparations and in corpus striatum of rats: a comparative voltammetric study. | voltammetric techniques were used to compare the effects of k(+)-induced depolarization on catecholamine levels in in vitro synaptosomal preparations of the corpus striatum with those in the in vivo corpus striatum of anaesthetized animals. in vitro, the catechol-oxidation currents could be recorded only in dopamine-preloaded synaptosomes. in isolated synaptosomes prepared in the presence of elevated concentrations of ca2+ (1 mmol.l-1) and na+ (135 mmol.l-1), k(+)-induced depolarization had vari ... | 1991 | 1769519 |
| amino-terminal domain of the el tor haemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 is expressed in classical strains and is cytotoxic. | previous studies have shown that the classical isolates of vibrio cholerae possess an 11 bp deletion in the structural gene for the el tor haemolysin leading to the production of a 27 kda non-haemolytic truncated product hlya* compared to the 82 kda haemolysin, hlya. these studies were designed to assess whether this truncated product had any biological activity. a kmr cartridge was introduced into the hlya gene effectively eliminating the haemolysin. this was recombined into the chromosome of a ... | 1991 | 1771972 |
| [prevention and treatment of isoproterenol induced ventricular fibrillation in rats by aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza]. | acute fatal ventricular fibrillation (vf) in male sprague-dawley rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (1 mg or 5 mg/kg body weight) to two groups of rats of different body weights (525 +/- 21 g or 387 +/- 11 g) respectively. vf occurred in all control rats resulting in 96% death with only 4% spontaneously reverted and survived. pretreatment of animals, with or without pentobarbital anaesthesia, with an aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza (sm-h, i.p., 5 g herb/kg body we ... | 1991 | 1773471 |
| mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication. | | 1991 | 1773546 |
| chemicals associated with site-specific neoplasia in 1394 long-term carcinogenesis experiments in laboratory rodents. | the carcinogenicity data base used for this paper originated in the late 1960s by the national cancer institute and since 1978 has been continued and made more comprehensive by the national toxicology program. the extensive files contain among other sets of information detailed pathology data on more than 400 long-term (most often 24 month) chemical carcinogenesis studies, comprised of nearly 1600 individual experiments having at least 10 million tissue sections that have been evaluated for toxi ... | 1991 | 1773796 |
| amphetamine exerts anomalous effects on dopaminergic neurons in neonatal rats in vivo. | the effects of amphetamine, apomorphine and haloperidol on the spontaneous activity of electrophysiologically identified nigral dopaminergic neurons were examined with extracellular recordings in vivo in neonatal rats ranging in age from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 28, and in adult rats. in postnatal day 1-6 pups amphetamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) produced a paradoxical increase in neuronal firing in 45% and had no effect on 30% of the 20 neurons examined. during the second week half of the neurons ... | 1991 | 1773829 |
| [comparative analysis of chromosomal nucleolar organizing region activity in spontaneous and medical abortuses]. | comparative analysis of functional activity of silver stained nucleolar-organizing regions (nor) activity was carried out in human fibroblasts of 70 spontaneous and 50 medical abortuses. the nor activity was significantly higher in spontaneous abortuses compared with medical ones. this phenomenon which was observed in female, but not in male abortuses, did not depend upon the tissue origin of fibroblasts (embryonic or extraembryonic) and was due to increase of the nor activity of the all acrocen ... | 1991 | 1773936 |
| gastric carcinogenesis in the rat induced by duodenogastric reflux without carcinogens: morphology, mucin histochemistry, polyamine metabolism, and labelling index. | chronic duodenogastric reflux induces gastric adenocarcinomas in the rat without the use of carcinogens. altogether, 186 male wistar rats were randomised to undergo either a simple gastrojejunostomy or a gastrotomy and sacrificed at eight weekly intervals for 56 weeks. no control animals developed dysplasia or carcinoma. all rats subjected to a gastrojejunostomy showed hyperplasia of the proliferative neck zone, with increased sulphomucin production adjacent to the scar. low grade dysplasia was ... | 1991 | 1773947 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of the cholera enterotoxin operon of vibrio cholerae. | we report a set of oligonucleotide primers and amplification conditions for the polymerase chain reaction to detect the ctx operon of vibrio cholerae. the results of this assay on strains of v. cholerae and related organisms were identical with those obtained by the dna colony hybridization test with the polynucleotide probe. the detection limit of this system was 1 pg of chromosomal dna or broth culture containing three viable cells. the polymerase chain reaction method could directly detect th ... | 1991 | 1774258 |
| rapid purification of hepatitis b virus dna from serum. | we describe two rapid, simple, and reliable procedures for routine purification of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna from serum. hbv dna could be purified from 24 serum samples in 1.5 to 2 h and was recovered in the initial reaction vessel. both procedures have in common that hbv dna is complexed with silica particles in the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate (guscn) but differ in lysis conditions and in the conditions used to elute hbv dna from the silica particles after purification of the sil ... | 1991 | 1774300 |
| molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the rfb region from shigella flexneri type 6 in escherichia coli k-12. | the rfb gene cluster which determines the biosynthesis of the shigella flexneri serotype 6 o-antigen specificity has been cloned in phc79, generating plasmids ppm3115 and ppm3116. these plasmids mediate expression, in escherichia coli k-12, of lipopolysaccharides (lps) immunologically similar to the s. flexneri type 6 lps as judged by sds-page and western-immunoblot analysis using s. flexneri type 6 specific antisera. thus, unlike other s. flexneri serotypes, no additional loci are required for ... | 1991 | 1778433 |
| development of an in vitro microtest to assess drug susceptibility of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | continuous cultivation of the bovine hemoparasites babesia bovis and babesia bigemina was developed as an in vitro microtest to assess parasite susceptibility to babesicidal compounds. reproducibility of parasite multiplication rates was independent of culture size, making it possible to use a microscale of 100 microliters for each test sample. inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of a commonly used babesicide, quinuronium sulfate, evaluated by this in vitro method were found to be 5 x 10(-8) g/ml ... | 1991 | 1779305 |
| activation of cholera toxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins by adp-ribosylation factors, a family of 20 kda guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. | cholera toxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins are responsible, in part, for the symptomatology of cholera and traveller's diarrhoea, respectively. effects of the toxins result from adp-ribosylation of regulatory guanine nucleotide-binding (g) proteins; the adp-ribosylated g protein is stabilized in an activated state, resulting in prolonged effects on its target. toxin-catalysed adp-ribosylation is stimulated in vitro by a family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, c. 20 kda, t ... | 1991 | 1779753 |
| regulation of toxa and rega by the escherichia coli fur gene and identification of a fur homologue in pseudomonas aeruginosa pa103 and pa01. | a multicopy plasmid containing the escherichia coli fur gene was introduced into pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa103c. this strain contains a toxa-lacz fusion integrated into its chromosome at the toxa locus. beta-galactosidase synthesis in this strain is regulated by iron, as is seen for exotoxin a production. beta-galactosidase synthesis and exotoxin a production in pa103c containing multiple copies of e. coli fur was still repressed in low iron conditions. the transcription of rega, a positiv ... | 1991 | 1779768 |
| biotransformation of methyl isocyanate in the rat. evidence for glutathione conjugation as a major pathway of metabolism and implications for isocyanate-mediated toxicities. | s-(n-methylcarbamoyl)-n-acetylcysteine (amcc), a chemically labile mercapturic acid conjugate, was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) in the urine of rats dosed intraperitoneally with methyl isocyanate (mic; 45.2 mumol). the corresponding cysteine conjugate, however, was not detected in urine. following methylation, urine extracts were analyzed by thermospray lc-ms and the amcc methyl ester was quantified by means of a stable isotope dilution assay procedure which util ... | 1991 | 1782345 |
| [investigation on the source of burn wound infection due to staphylococcus aureus in children]. | 115 children with burn injuries were admitted between april 1988 and february 1989. samples were taken from burn wounds, anterior nares and hands of every patient: anterior nares and hands of family members within 24 hours after admission. samples were also taken from anterior nares and hands of medical personnel, air of ward and taps etc. 276 strains of s. aureus were isolated from 1544 samples. the rate of burn wound infection due to s. aureus was 25.2% and nasal carrier rates of patients, fam ... | 1991 | 1782656 |