| fluorogenic selective and differential medium for isolation of enterobacter sakazakii. | 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-d-glucoside, the fluorogenic substrate of alpha-glucosidase, was used as a selective marker to develop a differential medium for enterobacter sakazakii. this bacterium showed strong fluorogenic characteristics clearly distinguishable from other microorganisms. on the basis of reducing background noise, an optimum basal medium and nitrogen source were selected. incubation conditions were optimized. | 2004 | 15345462 |
| nosocomial and community-acquired enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection: risk factors for and prevalence of shv-12 in multiresistant isolates in a medical centre. | in a medical centre in northern taiwan, 60 patients had bloodstream infection caused by enterobacter cloacae from 1 january 2002 to 30 april 2003. forty (66.7%) were nosocomial and 26 were caused by multiresistant isolates. twenty patients died due to the infection. central venous catheterization and mechanical ventilation were relative risks for nosocomial e. cloacae infection. age and mechanical ventilation were risk factors for multiresistant e. cloacae infection. mortality was associated wit ... | 2004 | 15350716 |
| prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections using non-technologic strategies. | to evaluate the incidence of nosocomial bacteremias related to the use of non-impregnated central venous catheters (cvcs) when only non-technologic strategies were used to prevent them. | 2004 | 15357160 |
| gram-positive mera gene in gram-negative oral and urine bacteria. | clinical mercury resistant (hg(r)) gram-negative bacteria carrying gram-positive mercury reductase (mera)-like genes were characterized using dna-dna hybridization, pcr and sequencing. a pcr assay was developed which discriminated between the mera genes related to staphylococcus and those related to the bacillus/streptococcus mera genes by the difference in size of the pcr product. dna sequence analysis correlated with the pcr assay. the mera genes from acinetobacter junii, enterobacter cloacae ... | 2004 | 15358427 |
| vibrio spp. and salmonella spp., presence and susceptibility in crabs ucides cordatus. | the presence of vibrio spp. and salmonella spp. in crabs marketed at the bezerra de menezes ave., fortaleza, state of ceará, brazil, was assessed between february and may, 2003. the number of individuals sampled in each one of the fifteen weekly samplings ranged between four and eight. seven strains of salmonella, from four different samplings, were identified, being five of them identified as serotype s. senftenberg and two as s. poona. all strains of salmonella were sensitive to the tested ant ... | 2004 | 15361967 |
| newer carbapenems for urinary tract infections. | four carbapenems have been available clinically in japan. these are imipenem/cilastatin (imip/cs) and panipenem/ betamipron (pani/bp) of the older compounds and newer carbapenems such as biapem (biap) and meropenem (mero). the latter compounds are relatively stable to dehydropeptidase-1 (dhp-1) and have been reported to have higher antimicrobial activities compared to the earlier carbapenems. the antimicrobial activity of these four carbapenems against fresh urinary isolates showed high activiti ... | 2004 | 15364304 |
| gamma proteobacteria can nodulate legumes of the genus hedysarum. | the bacteria hosted in the root nodules of the three mediterranean wild legume species hedysarum carnosum, hedysarum spinosissimum subsp. capitatum, and hedysarum pallidum, growing in native stands in different habitats in algeria were isolated. bacteria were recovered on yeast-mannitol-agar or on minimal media from a total of 52 nodules. isolates were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) using the enzyme cfoi, and further sorted by rapd fingerprinting. a total of ten ... | 2004 | 15368852 |
| the use of microbial tracers to monitor seasonal variations in effluent retention in a constructed wetland. | effluent retention in a constructed wetland was determined using both microbial and chemical tracers. seasonal variation in effluent retention was the main focus of the study. the biotracers used in the study were the coliphage ms2, a bacteriophage of enterobacter cloacae and antibiotic resistant endospores of bacillus globigii. two separate tracer runs were conducted, winter high flow (january 2002) and summer low flow (june 2002). the three biotracers were evaluated simultaneously on both occa ... | 2004 | 15380974 |
| photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria. | bacterial contamination of platelet (plt) concentrates can result in transfusion-transmitted sepsis. a photochemical treatment (pct) process with amotosalen hcl and long-wavelength ultraviolet light (uva), which cross-links nucleic acids, was developed to inactivate bacteria and other pathogens in plt concentrates. | 2004 | 15383024 |
| functional difference between sinorhizobium meliloti nifa and enterobacter cloacae nifa. | the nifa gene is an important regulatory gene and its product, nifa protein, regulates the expression of many nif genes involved in the nitrogen fixation process. we introduced multiple copies of the constitutively expressed sinorhizobium meliloti (sm) or enterobacter cloacae (ec) nifa gene into both the nifa mutant strain smy and the wild-type strain sm1021. root nodules produced by smy containing a constitutively expressed sm nifa gene were capable of fixing nitrogen, while nodules produced by ... | 2004 | 15384181 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections caused by ampc-type-beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. | cases of bacteremia caused by ampc-type-beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were retrospectively studied to determine the epidemiologic features and clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections. among 389 blood isolates recovered from 1998 to 2002, 65 isolates (16.7%) were found to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or ampc beta-lactamase producers. the beta-lactamases from 61 of the 65 isolates were characterized; 28 of 61 isolates produced ampc-type enzymes (14 isola ... | 2004 | 15388426 |
| antibody mapping of the linear epitopes of cmy-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. | knowledge of the amino acids that define recognition of anti-beta-lactamase antibodies is critical to the interpretation of sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies when they are used in a clinical or research setting. to this end, we mapped the epitopes of the cmy-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases by using the spot synthesis method. eight linear epitopes in shv-1 and seven linear epitopes in cmy-2 were identified by using anti-shv-1 and anti-cmy-2 polyclonal antibodies, respectively. the epito ... | 2004 | 15388462 |
| ampc beta-lactamase in an escherichia coli clinical isolate confers resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. | cloning, sequencing, and biochemical analysis identified a novel ampc-type beta-lactamase conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in an escherichia coli clinical isolate. this enzyme, exhibiting 14 amino acid substitutions compared to a reference ampc cephalosporinase of e. coli, hydrolyzed ceftazidime and cefepime significantly. | 2004 | 15388478 |
| rapid detection and sequence-specific differentiation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ges-2 from pseudomonas aeruginosa by use of a real-time pcr assay. | the lightcycler was compared to nested pcr for the detection of bla(ges/ibc) genes from 100 pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. the real-time pcr assay detected a bla(ges/ibc) gene product from 83 isolates, exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 94.3 and 100% respectively, compared to nested pcr and dna sequencing. | 2004 | 15388481 |
| impact of genetically modified enterobacter cloacae on indigenous endophytic community of citrus sinensis seedlings. | enterobacter cloacae (strain pr2/7), a genetically modified endophyte (gme) in citrus plants, carrying different plasmids (pec3.0/18, pcele, pegla and pgfp), was inoculated into citrus sinensis seedlings under greenhouse conditions. the impact of this on the indigenous bacterial endophytic community was studied by analyses of 2 different morphologic groups. the germination rates of inoculated seeds were evaluated in greenhouse, and plasmid stability under in vitro conditions. results demonstrate ... | 2004 | 15459643 |
| pcr method based on the ogdh gene for the detection of salmonella spp. from chicken meat samples. | in a previous paper, the ogdh gene that encodes 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was isolated from salmonella typhimurium. the catalytic n-terminal region in the enzyme was found to be very specific for the salmonella species. therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect s. typhimurium in food sources using primers designed for ogdh-1 and ogdh-2 which were based on the salmonella-specific region of the ogdh gene. a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection method was developed to det ... | 2004 | 15459651 |
| effect of cefoxitin and clindamycin on selection of derepressed mutants in enterobacter cloacae. | the characteristics of an antibiotic that favor its ability to select for resistant bacteria are not completely understood. otherwise, by the common use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins, resistant strains of several gram-negative species, especially enterobacter cloacae, have been more frequently isolated. during our studies on beta-lactam resistance in e. cloacae, we observed that the addition of an inhibitor (clindamycin) to a potent inducer (cefoxitin) leads to an enhanced selection of resist ... | 2004 | 15460527 |
| evaluation of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | we aimed to assess the performance of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel using a series of 87 oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli of various species. | 2004 | 15471997 |
| controlled clinical comparison of the bact/alert fn and the standard anaerobic sn blood culture medium. | to determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with the bact/alert (biomerieux, durham, n.c.) nonvented aerobic fa (fa) medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared the bact/alert fn (fn) anaerobic bottle with the standard bact/alert sn (sn) anaerobic bottle. each bottle, fa, fn, and sn, was filled with 8 to 12 ml of blood. of 11,498 blood culture sets received in the clinical microbiology laboratories at two universi ... | 2004 | 15472312 |
| phylogeny, clinical associations, and diagnostic utility of the pilin subunit gene (sfpa) of sorbitol-fermenting, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h-. | the plasmid-borne sfpa gene encodes the pilin subunit in sorbitol-fermenting (sf) enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h-. we investigated the distribution of sfpa among 600 e. coli isolates comprising the complete e. coli standard reference (ecor) and diarrheagenic e. coli (dec) strain collections and clinical isolates associated with enteric disease. sfpa was detected in dec3f sf ehec o157:h- strain 493/89, each of 107 sf ehec o157:h- clinical isolates, and 14 shiga toxin-negative sf ... | 2004 | 15472329 |
| genetic diversity among community methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains causing outpatient infections in australia. | increasing reports of the appearance of novel nonmultiresistant methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa (mrsa) strains in the community and of the spread of hospital mrsa strains into the community are cause for public health concern. we conducted two national surveys of unique isolates of s. aureus from clinical specimens collected from nonhospitalized patients commencing in 2000 and 2002, respectively. a total of 11.7% of 2,498 isolates from 2000 and 15.4% of 2,486 isolates from 2002 ... | 2004 | 15472334 |
| new method for laboratory detection of ampc beta-lactamases in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | a new cefoxitin-agar medium (cam)-based assay was compared to the previously published modified three-dimensional (m3d) assay for the detection of ampc production in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. clinical isolates of cefoxitin-resistant e. coli (n = 5) and k. pneumoniae (n = 7) and multiple control strains with and without ampc enzymes were tested by both methods. the cam method with 4 microg of cefoxitin/ml was equivalent to the m3d method for detecting ampc production in e. coli ... | 2004 | 15472344 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and overexpression of a novel [fe]-hydrogenase isolated from a high rate of hydrogen producing enterobacter cloacae iit-bt 08. | degenerate primers were designed from the conserved zone of hyda structural gene encoding for catalytic subunit of [fe]-hydrogenase of different hydrogen producing bacteria. a 750 bp of pcr product was amplified by using the above-mentioned degenerate primers and genomic dna of enterobacter cloacae iit-bt 08 as template. the amplified pcr product was cloned and sequenced. the sequence showed the presence of an orf of 450 bp with significant similarity (40%) with c-terminal end of the conserved z ... | 2004 | 15474481 |
| use of selective media for detection of cephalothin-resistant bacteria in surgical patients. | bacterial colonization in hospitalized patients is an important step in nosocomial infections. frequent employment of antimicrobials can modify patients' normal microbiota, favoring colonization and infection by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. first-generation cephalosporins are frequently used as prophylactic antibiotics in surgery. intestinal, oropharyngeal and skin colonization by cephalothin-resistant microorganisms were studied in 60 pre-operative patients at the hospital universitá ... | 2004 | 15476050 |
| incidence of antibiotic-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter species in freshwater wetlands. | the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of enterobacteriaceae (potential human and animal pathogens) in wetlands. | 2004 | 15482436 |
| [rapid diagnosis of common pathogenic bacteria infection in newborn infants by 16srdna oligonucleotide array]. | the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. however conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. on the basis of special gene sequence, pcr provides simple and ... | 2004 | 15482667 |
| shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion. | shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ... | 2004 | 15493821 |
| [development and evaluation of a pcr method for diagnosis of salmonella enteric fever, based on dna sequences of the hila gene]. | typically, diagnosis of enteric fever due to salmonella spp. is by bacterial isolation from blood culture; however, the blood culture method is slow, not always available, and not informative in patients with antibiotic treatment. salmonella spp. uses the hila gene (component of the pathogenicity island i) to invade epithelial cells and produce infection. using the hila gene sequence a pcr test was designed to detect salmonella in blood samples. the sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive pr ... | 2004 | 15495599 |
| four variants of the citrobacter freundii ampc-type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes cmy-14 and cmy-15, in a proteus mirabilis clone widespread in poland. | twenty-nine proteus mirabilis isolates from 17 polish hospitals were analyzed. the isolates were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and their patterns of resistance to beta-lactams resembled those of the constitutive class c cephalosporinase (ampc) producers. indeed, beta-lactamases with a pi of approximately 9.0 were found in all of the isolates, and they were subsequently identified as four ampc-type cephalosporinases, cmy-4, -12, -14, and -15, of which the two last ones were novel enzy ... | 2004 | 15504832 |
| promoter sequences necessary for high-level expression of the plasmid-associated ampc beta-lactamase gene blamir-1. | little is known about mechanisms involved in high-level expression of plasmid-associated ampc genes. the sequence for bla(mir-1) has been elucidated, and the gene is not inducible. although the sequence for the promoter (pra) that drives expression of enterobacter cloacae chromosomal ampc is present upstream of bla(mir-1), high-level expression from bla(mir-1) is directed from a hybrid promoter (prb) located further upstream of pra. the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of eac ... | 2004 | 15504838 |
| plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme kpc-2 in an enterobacter sp. | a strain of an enterobacter sp. with reduced susceptibility to imipenem, which produced a plasmid-mediated class a carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme, kpc-2 beta-lactamase, was isolated from a patient with sepsis at a boston hospital. this is the first report of the production of a plasmid-encoded kpc-2 beta-lactamase by an enterobacter sp. | 2004 | 15504876 |
| pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime plus the serine beta-lactamase inhibitor am-112 against escherichia coli containing tem-1 and ctx-m-1 beta-lactamases. | a strain of escherichia coli containing tem-1 and ctx-m-1 was tested in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model against ceftazidime with and without am-112, a serine beta-lactamase inhibitor. ceftazidime alone was less effective than ceftazidime plus am-112, and a single dose was more effective than three fractionated doses. | 2004 | 15504890 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some netropsin analogues. | nine novel lexitropsins were synthesized by linking two netropsin-like moieties through three different dicarboxylic acids; 9,10-dihydro-2,7-phenanthrenedicarboxylic acid; [(3-[[(carboxymethyl)amino]carbonyl]benzoyl)amino]acetic acid and indole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid. the netropsin residues were modified by the use of n-isopentylpyrrole, 5-methylthiophene or 5-isopropylthiazole heterocyclic building blocks in place of the usual n-methylpyrrole. the compounds were tested against five gram-positive ... | 2004 | 15505717 |
| molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental and clinical specimens in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit. | to investigate environmental contamination by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and to perform a comparative molecular analysis of clinical and environmental strains. | 2004 | 15518028 |
| molecular detection of coxiella burnetii in the sera of patients with q fever endocarditis or vascular infection. | in the absence of a specific diagnosis based on serology, chronic q fever is inevitably fatal. however, diagnosis is often delayed because the test is not widely available. to shorten the diagnostic delay, we adapted a nested-pcr assay with serum as a template and the lightcycler as a thermal cycler, termed lcn-pcr. we retrospectively and prospectively applied this method to samples from 48 patients diagnosed with q fever endocarditis or vascular infection and to samples from 100 controls with e ... | 2004 | 15528674 |
| new quadriplex pcr assay for detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance and simultaneous discrimination of staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. | major challenges in diagnostic molecular microbiology are to develop a simple assay to distinguish staphylococcus aureus from the less virulent but clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and to simultaneously determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. multiplex pcr assays have been developed for the detection of methicillin- and mupirocin-resistant s. aureus and cons but not for the simultaneous discrimination of s. aureus from cons. we designed a new set of staphyloco ... | 2004 | 15528678 |
| effects of intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis on intestinal bacterial colonization in infants. | early-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. to prevent the vertical transmission of gbs and neonatal gbs infection, guidelines recommend intrapartum penicillin or amoxicillin prophylaxis. this intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap) is suspected to favor colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. however, the effects of this prophylaxis on the patterns of acquisition of gastrointestinal bacterial flora in infants have neve ... | 2004 | 15528713 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: laboratory-based surveillance in cooperation with 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan. | a total of 19,753 strains of gram-negative rods collected during two 6-month periods (october 2000 to march 2001 and november 2001 to april 2002) from 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan were investigated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls). mbls were detected in 96 (0.5%) of the 19,753 isolates by the broth microdilution method, the 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test, and pcr and dna sequencing analyses. mbl-positive isolates were detected in 9 of 13 lab ... | 2004 | 15528723 |
| sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method able to detect yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains in 30 min by using six primers designed by targeting the inv gene. this method is more sensitive than pcr and might be a useful tool for detecting and identifying y. pseudotuberculosis. | 2004 | 15528740 |
| identification and phylogeny of enterobacter sakazakii relative to enterobacter and citrobacter species. | the phylogenetic relationships of enterobacter sakazakii strains were investigated using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and hsp60 sequencing. each analysis distributed e. sakazakii strains among four clusters, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity. the e. sakazakii type strain 16s rdna sequence was 97.8% similar to that of citrobacter koseri but 97.0% similar to that of enterobacter cloacae. | 2004 | 15528745 |
| intestinal microflora in 45 crows in ueno zoo and the in vitro susceptibilities of 29 escherichia coli isolates to 14 antimicrobial agents. | microorganisms from 45 jungle crows (corvus macrorhynchos) captured from july to december 2002 at ueno zoo, tokyo were identified as escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, pseudomonas maltophila, staphylococcus spp., micrococcus spp., and streptococcus spp. e. coli showed the highest rate of isolation (21.6%). in an in vitro susceptibility test for 29 isolates of e. coli to 14 antimic ... | 2004 | 15528866 |
| screening of lactic-acid bacteria from south african barley beer for the production of bacteriocin-like compounds. | strains of lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (strain st11br), l. pentosus (strain st151br), l. plantarum (strain st13br), and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (strain st34br) producing bacteriocin-like peptides were isolated from barley beer produced in the western, northern and eastern provinces of south africa. the peptides (bacst11br, bacst151br, bacst13br and bacst34br) lost their activity after treatment with proteinase k, a proteinase, papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin and prona ... | 2004 | 15530005 |
| evidence that the fosfomycin target cys115 in udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) is essential for product release. | mura (udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase, ec 2.5.1.7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell. it provides an attractive template for the design of novel antibiotic drugs and is the target of the naturally occurring antibiotic fosfomycin, which covalently attaches to cys115 in the active site of the enzyme. mutations of cys115 to asp exist in pathogens such as mycobacteria or chlamydia rendering these organisms resistant to fosfomy ... | 2005 | 15531591 |
| an antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of the mountain chicken frog leptodactylus fallax (anura:leptodactylidae). | a 25 amino-acid-residue, c-terminally alpha-amidated peptide with antimicrobial activity, which has been termed fallaxin, was isolated in high yield from the norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the mountain chicken frog leptodactylus fallax (anura:leptodactylidae). the amino acid sequence of the peptide (gly-val-val-asp-ile-leu-lys-gly-ala-ala-lys-asp-ile-ala-gly-his-leu-ala-ser-lys-val-met-asn-lys-leu.nh2) shows structural similarity with members of the ranatuerin-2 family previously i ... | 2005 | 15544856 |
| beta-lactam susceptibilities and prevalence of esbl-producing isolates among more than 5000 european enterobacteriaceae isolates. | in vitro susceptibility to 15 beta-lactam antibiotics was evaluated using enterobacteriaceae isolated during the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. piperacillin/tazobactam was the most active penicillin against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca and klebsiella pneumoniae (94.9%, 98.3%, 87.4% and 82.9% of isolates susceptible). of the cephalosporins, cefepime was most effective against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and enterobacter cloacae (99.2%, 96.3% and 95.2 ... | 2004 | 15555882 |
| accumulation of hexavalent chromium by an exopolysaccharide producing marine enterobacter cloaceae. | an exopolysaccharide producing enterobacter cloaceae (ak-i-mb-71a) was tested for its cr (vi) tolerance. this isolate was not only resistant to this heavy metal but also showed enhanced growth and exopolysaccharide production in the presence of cr (vi) at 25, 50 and 100 ppm concentrations. xrf analysis of both the biomass as well as the exopolysaccharide revealed that a sum total of about 60-70% chromium was accumulated by this bacterium. this indicated that this organism could prove to be a pot ... | 2004 | 15556183 |
| antifungal and sprout regulatory bioactivities of phenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and tyrosol isolated from the potato dry rot suppressive bacterium enterobacter cloacae s11:t:07. | enterobacter cloacae s11: t:07 (nrrl b-21050) is a promising biological control agent that has significantly reduced both fungal dry rot disease and sprouting in laboratory and pilot potato storages. the metabolites phenylacetic acid (paa), indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), and tyrosol (tsl) were isolated from s11:t:07 liquid cultures provided with three different growth media. the bioactivities of these metabolites were investigated via thin-layer chromatography bioautography of antifungal activity, ... | 2004 | 15558349 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 6-methylidene penems as beta-lactamase inhibitors. | novel penem molecules with heterocycle substitutions at the 6 position via a methylidene linkage were investigated for their activities and efficacy as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the concentrations of these molecules that resulted in 50% inhibition of enzyme activity were 0.4 to 3.1 nm for the tem-1 enzyme, 7.8 to 72 nm for imi-1, 1.5 to 4.8 nm for ampc, and 14 to 260 nm for a ccra metalloenzyme. all the inhibitors were more stable than imipenem against hydrolysis by hog and human dehydropeptida ... | 2004 | 15561830 |
| molecular characterization of a beta-lactamase gene, blagim-1, encoding a new subclass of metallo-beta-lactamase. | as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program in 2002, five multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates were detected with metallo-beta-lactamase (mbetal) activity. the isolates were recovered from different patients in a medical center located in dusseldorf, germany. the resistant determinant was isolated amplifying the region between the integrase and the aaca4 gene cassette. sequencing revealed a novel mbetal gene, designated bla(gim-1). additional analysis showed ... | 2004 | 15561840 |
| outbreak of klebsiella pneumoniae producing a new carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, kpc-3, in a new york medical center. | from april 2000 to april 2001, 24 patients in intensive care units at tisch hospital, new york, n.y., were infected or colonized by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a predominant outbreak strain, but other resistant strains were also recovered. three representatives of the outbreak strain from separate patients were studied in detail. all were resistant or had reduced susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobacta ... | 2004 | 15561858 |
| drug-resistance mechanisms and prevalence of enterobacter cloacae resistant to multi-antibiotics. | | 2004 | 15569495 |
| construction of stabilized proteins by combinatorial consensus mutagenesis. | we constructed stabilized variants of beta-lactamase (bla) from enterobacter cloacae by combinatorial recruitment of consensus mutations. by aligning the sequences of 38 bla homologs, we identified 29 positions where the e.cloacae gene differs from the consensus sequence of lactamases and constructed combinatorial libraries using mixtures of mutagenic oligonucleotides encompassing all 29 positions. screening of 90 random isolates from these libraries identified 15 variants with significantly inc ... | 2004 | 15574484 |
| diagnostic real-time pcr for detection of salmonella in food. | a robust 5' nuclease (taqman) real-time pcr was developed and validated in-house for the specific detection of salmonella in food. the assay used specifically designed primers and a probe target within the ttrrsbca locus, which is located near the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. it is required for tetrathionate respiration in salmonella. the assay correctly identified all 110 salmonella strains and 87 non-salmonella strains tested. an internal amplification control, which is ... | 2004 | 15574899 |
| phenotypic and molecular detection of ctx-m-beta-lactamases produced by escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. | organisms producing ctx-m-beta-lactamases are emerging around the world as a source of resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins such as cefotaxime (ctx). however, the laboratory detection of these strains is not well defined. in this study, a molecular detection assay for the identification of ctx-m-beta-lactamase genes was developed and used to investigate the prevalence of these enzymes among clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella species in the calgary health region during 2000 to 2 ... | 2004 | 15583304 |
| histidine decarboxylase in enterobacteriaceae revisited. | with a modification of taylor's decarboxylation broth, histidine decarboxylase was detected in enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, raoultella ornithinolytica, and some strains of citrobacter youngae and raoultella planticola. this method provides a useful confirmatory test for identification of e. aerogenes strains. | 2004 | 15583342 |
| the binding of mbl to common bacteria in infectious diseases of children. | to purify mannan-binding lectin (mbl) from human serum and detect its binding ability to several kinds of bacteria common in infectious diseases of children. | 2005 | 15593393 |
| [investigation of pathogenic bacteria for pulmonary infections and their drug resistance in neurological intensive care unit]. | to investigate the pathogenic bacterial spectrum responsible for pulmonary infections and their drug resistance in patients admitted to neurological care unit. | 2004 | 15604082 |
| [orbital cellulitis in children: a retrospective study of 33]. | orbital cellulitis is rare. however the high risk of severe ocular and neurological complications make early diagnosis and adequate therapy essential. the purpose of this retrospective study is to describe 33 cases observed in the pediatric infectious disease department of the casablanca children's hospital in morocco from 1994 to 2000. orbital cellulitis was preseptal in 24 patients and retroseptal in 9. infection occurred in relation with sinusitis in 10 cases, polydermitis in 8, wound infecti ... | 2004 | 15615387 |
| efficacy and safety of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 milligrams twice daily for 5 days versus amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 milligrams twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | this randomized, controlled trial was designed to show that a short, 5-day course of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg (augmentin xr) is as effective clinically as a longer, 7-day course of conventional amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 mg (both given twice daily) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg was designed to extend the therapeutic levels of amoxicillin in serum over the 12-h dosin ... | 2005 | 15616290 |
| enzymatic redox reactions of the explosive 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (dnbf): implications for its toxic action. | with an aim to understand the toxicity mechanisms of the explosive 4,6-dinitro- benzofuroxan (dnbf), we studied its single-electron reduction by nadph:cytochrome p450 reductase and ferredoxin:nadp(+) reductase, and two- electron reduction by dt-diaphorase and enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase. the enzymatic reactivities of dnbf and another explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) were similar, except for the much lower reactivity of dnbf towards nitroreductase. dnbf was less cytotoxic in flk cell ... | 2004 | 15625581 |
| evaluation of a new screen agar plate for detection and presumptive identification of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | a new agar screen plate for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) detection was evaluated with 50 clinical isolates of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae species: enterobacter cloacae (n = 10), escherichia coli (n = 10), klebsiella oxytoca (n = 3), klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 25), and proteus mirabilis (n = 2). fecal samples were artificially inoculated with 2 concentrations (25 and 250 colony forming units [cfu]/plate) of the test strains and then applied to the new agar screen plates. by this ... | 2005 | 15629229 |
| synergy tests by e test and checkerboard methods of antimicrobial combinations against brucella melitensis. | two different synergy testing methods, the checkerboard and the e test methods, were used to compare the in vitro efficacies of various antimicrobial combinations against 16 brucella melitensis strains isolated from blood cultures. the rate of agreement of the e test and checkerboard methods was found to be 55%. the most concordant results were found for the streptomycin-doxycycline combination in 12 (75%) tests, in which four strains showed synergistic activity by e test and antagonistic activi ... | 2005 | 15634962 |
| pcr detection of bacteria on cardiac valves of patients with treated bacterial endocarditis. | we used broad-range pcr amplification and sequencing to detect and identify bacterial dna in 156 valves of patients treated for infective endocarditis (ie). bacterial dna was found more frequently in patients who underwent valve replacement while on antibiotic treatment for ie (60%) than in patients who had completed antibiotic treatment for ie (37%; p = 0.02). we found specific bacterial dna in valves removed from 11 of 30 patients who had completed antibiotic treatment for ie. six had no histo ... | 2005 | 15634966 |
| identification, cloning, and characterization of a lactococcus lactis branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase involved in flavor formation. | the biochemical pathway for formation of branched-chain aldehydes, which are important flavor compounds derived from proteins in fermented dairy products, consists of a protease, peptidases, a transaminase, and a branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (kdca). the activity of the latter enzyme has been found only in a limited number of lactococcus lactis strains. by using a random mutagenesis approach, the gene encoding kdca in l. lactis b1157 was identified. the gene for this enzyme is hig ... | 2005 | 15640202 |
| mutation of a lysr-type regulator of antifungal activity results in a growth advantage in stationary phase phenotype in pseudomonas aureofaciens pa147-2. | the growth advantage in stationary phase (gasp) phenotype was shown to be present in two mutants lacking the antifungal phenotype (af(-) mutants) of pseudomonas aureofaciens pa147-2. complementation demonstrated a correlation between gasp and the antifungal defect in one strain but not in the second. sequence analysis revealed the af(-) gasp strain had a mutation in a gene (finr) encoding a lysr-type regulator. antifungal-minus mutants arose in starved cultures, and those aged cultures had incre ... | 2005 | 15640239 |
| toxicity after prolonged (more than four weeks) administration of intravenous colistin. | the intravenous use of polymyxins has been considered to be associated with considerable nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. for this reason, the systemic administration of polymyxins had been abandoned for about 20 years in most areas of the world. however, the problem of infections due to multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacteria such us pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumanniii has led to the re-use of polymyxins. our objective was to study the toxicity of prolonged intravenous ... | 2005 | 15642116 |
| gpwac of the t4-type bacteriophages: structure, function, and evolution of a segmented coiled-coil protein that controls viral infectivity. | the wac gene product (gpwac) or fibritin of bacteriophage t4 forms the six fibers that radiate from the phage neck. during phage morphogenesis these whiskers bind the long tail fibers (ltfs) and facilitate their attachment to the phage baseplate. after the cell lysis, the gpwac fibers function as part of an environmental sensing device that retains the ltfs in a retracted configuration and thus prevents phage adsorption in unfavorable conditions. a comparative analysis of the sequences of 5 wac ... | 2005 | 15659683 |
| hydrogen production by rhodobacter sphaeroides strain o.u.001 using spent media of enterobacter cloacae strain dm11. | combined dark and photo-fermentation was carried out to study the feasibility of biological hydrogen production. in dark fermentation, hydrogen was produced by enterobacter cloacae strain dm11 using glucose as substrate. this was followed by a photo-fermentation process. here, the spent medium from the dark process (containing unconverted metabolites, mainly acetic acid etc.) underwent photo-fermentation by rhodobacter sphaeroides strain o.u.001 in a column photo-bioreactor. this combination cou ... | 2005 | 15666144 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in isolates obtained in german intensive care units. | screening of 703 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, obtained from 34 german intensive care units (icus), revealed qnr-positive, integron-containing isolates of enterobacter sp. and citrobacter freundii from four patients in 2 german icus. this is one of the first reports of qnr-positive strains obtained from patients in europe. | 2005 | 15673764 |
| detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among bloodstream isolates of enterobacter spp. in hong kong, 2000-2002. | a total of 139 consecutive and non-duplicate bloodstream isolates of enterobacter spp. collected from inpatients in hong kong during 2000-2002 were studied for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). | 2005 | 15681579 |
| isolation of gram-negative bacteria from cockroaches trapped from urban environment. | three different areas--hospital, food-handling establishments and human dwellings, were surveyed for pathogenic gram-negative bacteria carried on the cuticles of cockroaches. fifty species of bacteria were identified from all cockroaches. escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently found. pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria represented 58% of all bacteria identified. the numbers of pathogenic and potentially pathogeni ... | 2004 | 15689087 |
| outbreak of infection caused by enterobacter cloacae producing the novel veb-3 beta-lactamase in china. | over a 4-month period from november 2002 to february 2003, 27 ceftazidime-resistant or cefotaxime-resistant nonrepetitive enterobacter cloacae isolates were collected from 27 patients hospitalized at huashan hospital, shanghai, people's republic of china. the etest did not detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in those 27 isolates; however, screening by the nccls esbl disk test and confirmatory tests detected esbls in 4 of 27 isolates and pcr detected esbls in 23 of 27 isolates. the m ... | 2005 | 15695687 |
| evaluation of etest mbl for detection of blaimp-1 and blavim-2 allele-positive clinical isolates of pseudomonas spp. and acinetobacter spp. | the etest mbl (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) correctly differentiated all 57 isolates of acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa with the bla(imp-1) allele and 135 of 137 (98.5%) acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas spp. isolates with the bla(vim-2) allele. the etest mbl was reliable for detecting the imp-1- and vim-2-producing pseudomonas and acinetobacter isolates. | 2005 | 15695713 |
| the effect of an antimicrobial drain sponge dressing on specific bacterial isolates at tracheostomy sites. | patients with tracheostomies frequently experience complications, including bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, and multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. a prospective, descriptive, randomized, controlled, clinical case series involving seven men and three women was conducted on patients in the neuroscience unit of a long-term rehabilitation hospital during a period of 25 days to compare the use of an nonwoven drain sponge dressing containing an antimicrobial (polyhexamethylene biguanide) ... | 2005 | 15695836 |
| [distribution and drug-resistance of 3 500 gram-negative bacteria in guangzhou]. | to investigate the distribution and drug-resistance of the common gram-negative bacteria in guangzhou. | 2005 | 15698988 |
| detection of virulence genes in malaysian shigella species by multiplex pcr assay. | in malaysia, shigella spp. was reported to be the third commonest bacterial agent responsible for childhood diarrhoea. currently, isolation of the bacterium and confirmation of the disease by microbiological and biochemical methods remain as the "gold standard". this study aimed to detect the prevalence of four shigella virulence genes present concurrently, in randomly selected malaysian strains via a rapid multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay. | 2005 | 15707504 |
| interactions of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes plants cultivated in a gnotobiotic system. | the growth and persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes on a diverse range of plant types over extended cultivation periods was studied. when introduced on the seed of carrot, cress, lettuce, radish, spinach and tomato all the pathogens became rapidly established shortly after germination, attaining cell densities of the order of 5.5-6.5 log cfu/g. in general, es. coli o157:h7 and l. monocytogenes became established and persisted at significantly ... | 2005 | 15718025 |
| influence of transcriptional activator rama on expression of multidrug efflux pump acrab and tigecycline susceptibility in klebsiella pneumoniae. | tigecycline is an expanded broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is active against many clinically relevant species of bacterial pathogens, including klebsiella pneumoniae. the majority of k. pneumoniae isolates are fully susceptible to tigecycline; however, a few strains that have decreased susceptibility have been isolated. one isolate, g340 (for which the tigecycline mic is 4 microg/ml and which displays a multidrug resistance [mdr] phenotype), was selected for analysis of the mechanism for ... | 2005 | 15728897 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacter isolates obtained in tel aviv, israel. | the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing phenotype is frequent among enterobacter isolates at the tel aviv sourasky medical center, tel aviv, israel. we examined the clonal relatedness and characterized the esbls of a collection of these strains. clonal relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. isoelectric focusing (ief) and transconjugation experiments were performed. esbl gene families were screened by colony hybridization and pcr for bla(tem), bla(shv), bla( ... | 2005 | 15728917 |
| clostridium bacteraemia characterised by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing. | owing to problems in accurate species identification of the diverse genus clostridium, the epidemiology and pathogenicity of many species are not fully understood. moreover, previous studies on clostridium bacteraemia have been limited and relied only on phenotypic species identification. | 2005 | 15735165 |
| genetically engineered termite gut bacteria (enterobacter cloacae) deliver and spread foreign genes in termite colonies. | indigenous gut bacteria of the formosan subterranean termite (coptotermes formosanus shiraki, isoptera: rhinotermitidae) were used as shuttle systems to deliver, express and spread foreign genes in termite colonies. the gut bacterium enterobacter cloacae was transformed with a recombinant plasmid (pegfp) containing genes encoding ampicillin resistance and green fluorescent protein (gfp). in laboratory experiments, termite workers and soldiers from three colonies were fed with filter paper inocul ... | 2005 | 15742168 |
| isolation and characterization of novel giant stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage phisma5. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the most prevalent opportunistic bacteria causing nosocomial infections. it has become problematic because most of the isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics, and therefore, development of phage therapy has attracted strong attention. in this study, eight s. maltophilia phages were isolated from clinical samples including patient specimens, catheter-related devices, and wastewater. these phages can be divided into four distinct groups based on host ... | 2005 | 15746341 |
| osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cancerogenus infection following a traumatic injury: case report and review of the literature. | we report a case of osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cancerogenus resistant to aminopenicillins in a 56-year-old male who had a motorcycle accident and suffered from multiple bone fractures with abundant environmental exposure. e. cancerogenus has rarely been associated with human infections, and its clinical significance remains unclear. | 2005 | 15750133 |
| intestinal flora of animal models of human diseases as an environmental factor. | genetically-engineered animals are known to be useful in clarifying the functions of many genes and as animal models for human diseases. however, it has been widely reported that pathophysiology is not expressed in these animals when they become germfree or spf animals, i.e., the pathophysiology is not the result of genes alone and a combination of gene function and intestinal flora as an environmental factor are necessary. it is important to determine the roles of each of these two factors by p ... | 2005 | 15751748 |
| crystal structure of brl 42715, c6-(n1-methyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethylene)penem, in complex with enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase: evidence for a stereoselective mechanism from docking studies. | brl 42715, c6-(n1-methyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethylene)penem, is an active-site-directed inactivator of bacterial beta-lactamases. the crystal structure of enterobacter cloacae 908r class c beta-lactamase in complex with brl 42715, docking, and energy minimization studies explain stereoselectivity of the binding of c6-(heterocyclic methylene)penems against class c beta-lactamase. | 2005 | 15755127 |
| mimivirus in pneumonia patients. | mimivirus, the largest virus known to date, is an amebal pathogen-like legionella sp. when mimivirus was used as an antigen in a microimmunofluorescense assay, seroconversion was found in patients with both community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. mimivirus dna was found in respiratory samples of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. | 2005 | 15757563 |
| biosorption of heavy metals by a marine bacterium. | heavy metal chelation property of exopolysaccharide produced by enterobacter cloaceae, a marine bacterium, isolated from the west coast of india, is reported in this paper. the exopolysaccharide demonstrated excellent chelating properties with respect to cadmium (65%) followed by copper (20%) and cobalt (8%) at 100 mg/l heavy metal concentration. however, it could not chelate mercury. a comparative study of the percentage biosorption of the above mentioned metals is presented here. | 2004 | 15757698 |
| characterization of a new integron containing bla(vim-1) and aac(6')-iic in an enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from greece. | a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae exhibiting reduced susceptibility to imipenem and a positive edta-disc synergy test was studied for carbapenemase production. | 2005 | 15761066 |
| [urinary tract infections in children--etiologic agents and susceptibility to antibiotics]. | urinary tract infections (utis) are common clinical problem in pediatric hospitals. the aim of this study was to compare the incidence of utis during two different time periods (from february 1999 to march 2000, and from april 2000 to september 2001) in pediatric patients treated in ambulatory or hospitalized in new children hospital. the frequency of occurrence of esbl--producing gram-negative rods increased during second period study. the isolated esbl--producing strains were resistant also to ... | 2004 | 15765758 |
| in vitro activity of levofloxacin against recent gram-negative nosocomial pathogens. | the objective of our study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of levofloxacin in comparison with other antibiotics (coamoxiclav, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, meropenem, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin and netilmicin) against about 500 gram-negative nosocomial microorganisms, isolated during 2003. the bactericidal activities (minimal bactericidal activity and killing curve) of levofloxacin and the other antibiotics were also evaluated. the results confirm the excellent in vitro activity of levofloxacin ... | 2005 | 15767745 |
| variety of tem-, shv-, and ctx-m-type beta-lactamases present in recent clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae from taiwan. | a total of 171 hospitals' isolates of e. coli, k. pneumoniae, and e. cloacae with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of > or =2 microg/ml for ceftazidime or cefotaxime were evaluated for the production of beta-lactamases. pcr amplification with specific primers for the bla (shv), bla (tem), and bla (ctx) genes revealed that a total of 53, 81, and 43 of these genes were amplified, respectively. sequencing results confirmed that tem-1, ctx-m-3 and -14, shv-1, -5, -11, -12, and -33, oxy-1a, a ... | 2005 | 15770092 |
| role of the extracytoplasmic function protein family sigma factor rpoe in metal resistance of escherichia coli. | rpoe of escherichia coli is a sigma factor of the extracytoplasmic function protein family and is required for the expression of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of periplasmic and outer membrane components. rpoe of e. coli was needed for full resistance to zn(ii), cd(ii), and cu(ii). promoter gene fusion and quantitative real time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr (qrt-pcr) assays demonstrated that expression of rpoe was induced by metals. global gene expression profiles upon metal t ... | 2005 | 15774872 |
| presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in dairy farm topsoil. | in addition to human and veterinary medicine, antibiotics are extensively used in agricultural settings, such as for treatment of infections, growth enhancement, and prophylaxis in food animals, leading to selection of drug and multidrug-resistant bacteria. to help circumvent the problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance, it is first necessary to understand the scope of the problem. however, it is not fully understood how widespread antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in agricultural settings. th ... | 2005 | 15778307 |
| pilot study for the development of a new campylobacter selective medium at 37 degrees c using aztreonam. | to overcome contamination and temperature inhibition by isolating campylobacter at 37 degrees c. | 2005 | 15790708 |
| analysis of etiology and drug resistance of biliary infections. | the bile was collected from fro patients with biliary infections, with the bacterium isolated to study the sensitivity of each kind of the bacterium to several antibiotics in common use. except g- bacterium, we also found some kinds of g+ bacterium in infection bile. g- bacterium were not sensitive to clindamycin, g+ bacterium were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. escherichia coli, xanthomonas maltophilia, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to ampicillin. g+ bacterium were no ... | 2004 | 15791850 |
| comparative antimicrobial characterization of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor of clinical importance. | lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. in this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to over-represent resistance trends among the species were summarized. all staphylococci (153 strains; mic at whi ... | 2005 | 15793128 |
| ctx-m-10 linked to a phage-related element is widely disseminated among enterobacteriaceae in a spanish hospital. | ctx-m-10 has been widely disseminated among multiple clones of several species of enterobacteriaceae, harboring seemingly different plasmids, for over a decade in ramón y cajal university hospital, madrid, spain. cloning and sequencing of a 12.2-kb dna fragment from plasmid pryce21 from klebsiella pneumoniae strain kp4ac revealed a novel phage-related element immediately upstream of bla(ctx-m-10) conserved among different ctx-m-10-producing strains. this is the first report showing an extended-s ... | 2005 | 15793141 |
| occurrence of ctx-m-3, ctx-m-15, ctx-m-14, and ctx-m-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in korea. | among 603 isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected between june and november 2003 from three university hospitals within korea, bla(ctx-m-3), bla(ctx-m-15), bla(ctx-m-14), and bla(ctx-m-9) were detected in 41 isolates of species from five different genera of enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. | 2005 | 15793142 |
| mechanisms of resistance of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia. | the common causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter spp) are frequently resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. s aureus develops resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics by producing a modified penicillin-binding protein. linezolid resistance arises by way of mutations in the 23s ribosomal subunit. antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacilli usually arises by way of beta-lactamase p ... | 2005 | 15802168 |
| occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens in korea and investigation of screening criteria. | we assessed the occurrence and screening criterion for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the 413 isolates (158 e. cloacae, 126 c. freundii, and 129 s. marcescens) isolated from 11 clinical laboratories in korea were investigated. esbl production was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and inhibitor-potentiated diffusion test using ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), aztreonam (azt), and cefepime ... | 2005 | 15808318 |