| the subunit structure of nitrite reductase purified from the denitrifier achromobacter cycloclastes. | the copper-containing nitrite reductase of achromobacter cycloclastes has been considered to be a homotrimer with three identical subunits both in the crystal and in solution. in this study, however, the enzyme was found to be a heterotrimer consisting of two subunits with molecular masses of 37 kda and 36.2 kda, and the 37 kda subunit was 6 amino acid residues longer than the smaller subunit. signal-peptide cleavage sites in its n-terminal region are discussed. | 1999 | 10635570 |
| humus bacteria of norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity. | we studied the potential of the humus layer of the norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus incana) and fescue grass (festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, ph 3.7-5.3. actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed pl ... | 2000 | 10640667 |
| [twenty-seven years with the nomenclature of achromobacter xylosoxidans]. | | 1999 | 10651522 |
| enzymatic fatty acid exchange in digalactosyldiacylglycerol. | six different lipases were screened for their ability of acidolysis between digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) and heptadecanoic acid in toluene. lipases from geotrichum candidum, alcaligenes sp. and penicillium camembertii did not catalyse the acidolysis reaction. rhizopus arrhizus and rhizomucor miehei (lipozyme) catalysed the acidolysis but produced a mixture of dgmg, dgdg, acyl-dgmg and acyl-dgdg. the extra acyl group is bound to the primary hydroxyl of the digalactosyl moiety. candida antarc ... | 2000 | 10660208 |
| cloning and expression of the n,n-dimethylformamidase gene from alcaligenes sp. strain kufa-1. | n,n-dimethylformamidase (dmfase) from alcaligenes sp. strain kufa-1, a bacterium that can grow on n,n-dimethylformamide (dmf) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, catalyzes the first step of the dmf degradation. the dmfase gene dmfa1a2 was cloned in escherichia coli, and its nucleotides were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme consisted of two alpha- and two beta-subunits with 132 and 762 amino acids, respectively, and had little similarity to sequences in protein databas ... | 1999 | 10664842 |
| regulation of the cnr cobalt and nickel resistance determinant of ralstonia eutropha (alcaligenes eutrophus) ch34. | the linked resistance to nickel and cobalt of ralstonia eutropha-like strain ch34 (alcaligenes eutrophus ch34) is encoded by the cnr operon, which is localized on the megaplasmid pmol28. the regulatory genes cnryxh have been cloned, overexpressed, and purified in escherichia coli. cnry fractionated as a 10.7-kda protein in in vitro translation assays. cnrx, a periplasmic protein of 16.5 kda, was overproduced and purified as a histidine-tagged fusion protein in e. coli. his-cnrx was found to poss ... | 2000 | 10671464 |
| the atomic-resolution structure of a novel bacterial esterase. | a novel bacterial esterase that cleaves esters on halogenated cyclic compounds has been isolated from an alcaligenes species. this esterase 713 is encoded by a 1062 base pair gene. the presence of a leader sequence of 27 amino acids suggests that this enzyme is exported from the cytosol. esterase 713 has been over-expressed in agrobacterium without this leader sequence. its amino acid sequence shows no significant homology to any known protein sequence. | 2000 | 10673440 |
| unusual ftir and epr properties of the h2-activating site of the cytoplasmic nad-reducing hydrogenase from ralstonia eutropha. | soluble nad-reducing [nife]-hydrogenase (sh) from ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) has an infrared spectrum with one strong band at 1956 cm(-1) and four weak bands at 2098, 2088, 2081 and 2071 cm(-1) in the 2150-1850 cm(-1) spectral region. other [nife]-hydrogenases only show one strong and two weak bands in this region, attributable to the nife(cn)2(co) active site. the position of these three bands is highly sensitive to redox changes of the active site. in contrast, reducti ... | 2000 | 10682839 |
| the genes for benzene catabolism in pseudomonas putida ml2 are flanked by two copies of the insertion element is1489, forming a class-i-type catabolic transposon, tn5542. | two directly repeated sequences of the is elements is1489v1 and is1489v2 flank the benzene dioxygenase (bedc1c2ba) and the cis-benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bedd) genes on the catabolic plasmid phmt112 in pseudomonas putida ml2, forming a class-i-type composite transposon, tn5542. both is1489v1 and is1489v2 contain an identical 1371-bp open reading frame, tnpa, that is preceded by a possible ribosome binding site. the tnpa gene of is1489v1 is bound by a pair of 40-bp imperfect inverted repe ... | 2000 | 10686128 |
| metabolic engineering of alcaligenes eutrophus through the transformation of cloned phbcab genes for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. | the regulatory mechanisms of the biosynthesis of in vivo poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate [phb] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p(3hb-3hv)] of alcaligenes eutrophus were investigated by using various transformants with enzyme activities that were modified through the transformation of cloned phbcab genes. the biosynthesis rates of phb and p(3hb-3hv) were controlled by beta-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-coa reductase, and especially by beta-ketothiolase condensing acetyl-coa or propionyl-c ... | 2000 | 10689078 |
| selected bacterial strains protect artemia spp. from the pathogenic effects of vibrio proteolyticus cw8t2. | in this study vibrio proteolyticus cw8t2 has been identified as a virulent pathogen for artemia spp. its infection route has been visualized with transmission electron microscopy. the pathogen affected microvilli and gut epithelial cells, disrupted epithelial cell junctions, and reached the body cavity, where it devastated cells and tissues. in vivo antagonism tests showed that preemptive colonization of the culture water with nine selected bacterial strains protected artemia juveniles against t ... | 2000 | 10698783 |
| competitive pcr-dgge analysis of bacterial mixtures: an internal standard and an appraisal of template enumeration accuracy. | analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified 16s rdna fragments from environmental samples by denaturing gradients of chemicals or heat [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and thermal gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge)] within polyacrylamide gels is a popular tool in microbial ecology. difficulties in acceptance of the technique and interpretation of the results remain, due to its qualitative nature. in this study we have addressed this problem by the construction and evalu ... | 2000 | 10699667 |
| role of conserved histidine residues in d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6. | d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6 (alcaligenes a-6) was strongly inactivated by diethylpyrocarbonate (depc). an h67n mutant was barely active, with a kcat/km 6.3 x 10(4) times lower than that of the recombinant wild-type enzyme, while the h67i mutant lost detectable activity. the h67n mutant had almost constant km, but greatly decreased kcat. these results suggested that his67 is essential to the catalytic event. both h69n and h69i mutants were overproduced in ... | 2000 | 10705441 |
| tfdr, the lysr-type transcriptional activator, is responsible for the activation of the tfdcb operon of pseudomonas putida 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradative plasmid pest4011. | in pseudomonas putida est4021, the tfdcb operon of plasmid pest4011 encodes enzymes involved in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation. we have identified a gene, tfdr, important for the regulation of the tfdcb operon. sequence analysis of the tfdr gene revealed an open reading frame with amino acid sequence similar to the lysr family of transcriptional activators. the tfdr gene is located upstream and transcribed divergently from the tfdcb operon. utilizing primer extension analysis, the tr ... | 2000 | 10713456 |
| functional analysis of conserved aspartate and histidine residues located around the type 2 copper site of copper-containing nitrite reductase. | a heterologous expression system of the blue copper-containing nitrite reductase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu1051 (axgnir) was constructed, and the purified recombinant enzyme was characterized. all the characteristic spectroscopic properties and enzyme activity of native axgnir were retained in the copper-reconstituted recombinant protein expressed in escherichia coli, indicating the correct coordination of two types of cu (type 1 and 2) in the recombinant enzyme. moreover, two conserved ... | 2000 | 10731703 |
| delayed onset and recurrent alcaligenes xylosoxidans keratitis. | | 2000 | 10746461 |
| stimulation of the ionic transport system in brassica napus by a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (achromobacter sp.). | a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium belonging to the genus achromobacter was isolated from the oil-seed-rape (brassica napus) root. growth promotion bioassays were performed with oilseed rape seedlings in a growth chamber in test tubes containing attapulgite and mineral nutrient solution, containing no3- as n source. the presence of this achromobacter strain increased shoot and root dry weight by 22-33% and 6-21%, respectively. inoculation of young seedlings with the achromobacter bacteria i ... | 2000 | 10749536 |
| [immobilization of cells by entrapping in aubasidan]. | a new technique of immobilization of microbial cells by entrapping in aubasidan, a microbial polysaccharide, was developed. this technique was applied to three cultures: erwinia aroidea, pseudomonas sp., and alcaligenes faecalis, the producers of aspartase and l-aspartate beta-decarboxylase. the new method is effective. after immobilization, microbial cells retained 79-91% of their initial enzymatic activity. | 2000 | 10752090 |
| septic arthritis caused by a gram-negative bacterium representing a new species related to the bordetella-alcaligenes complex. | a knee-joint exudate culture yielded on two occasions a gram-negative bacterium. regular methods for speciation did not provide an identification. the infection was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. the unknown isolate, ccug 36768, was subjected to further investigation, including 16s rdna sequencing, protein profiling, cellular fatty acid analysis, and various biochemical tests, in order to produce a species identification. the 1469 bp-long 16s rdna sequence did not reveal identity with ... | 2000 | 10752687 |
| separation of alcaligenes eutrophus cells containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from fermentation broth with pretreatment using al- and fe-based coagulants. | alcaligenes eutrophus containing intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was recovered from fermentation broth by centrifugation and filtration after pretreatment with al- and fe-based coagulants. coagulation efficiency was largely affected by ph, and the optimum ph's for cell recovery were about 4.6-5.6 for the al-based coagulants and about 5-8 for the fe-based coagulants. ammonium ions that combined with metals to form complex compounds increased the coagulant requirement, and the additional req ... | 2000 | 10753449 |
| effect of mg(2+) ion in protein secretion by magnesium-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the coastal water of haldia port. | a rapidly growing industrial complex including oil refineries and chemical industries has developed around the coastal area of haldia port in the district of midnapore, west bengal, india. the coastal water is highly polluted with industrial wastes along with petroleum hydrocarbons. the bacteria isolated from the different sites of the coastal waters were escherichia coli, alcaligenes, acinetobacter, klebsiella spp., micrococcus spp., vibrio spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and vibrio parahaemolytic ... | 2000 | 10754240 |
| the h(2) sensor of ralstonia eutropha is a member of the subclass of regulatory [nife] hydrogenases. | two energy-generating hydrogenases enable the aerobic hydrogen bacterium ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) to use molecular hydrogen as the sole energy source. the complex synthesis of the nickel-iron-containing enzymes has to be efficiently regulated in response to h(2), which is available in low amounts in aerobic environments. h(2) sensing in r. eutropha is achieved by a hydrogenase-like protein which controls the hydrogenase gene expression in concert with a two-component r ... | 2000 | 10781538 |
| aerobic degradation of dinitrotoluenes and pathway for bacterial degradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene. | an oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2, 4-dnt) by burkholderia sp. strain dnt has been reported previously. we report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-dnt by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2, 6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-dnt) by a different pathway. burkholderia cepacia strain js850 and hydrogenophaga palleronii strain js863 grew on 2,6-dnt as the sole source of carbon ... | 2000 | 10788393 |
| multiple chromosomes in burkholderia cepacia and b. gladioli and their distribution in clinical and environmental strains of b. cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia is found in soils and waters, it can be used in biocontrol and bioremediation but is also a human pathogen. it is not yet clear what differentiates pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains of the organism. in this study the multiple replicon structure was investigated in 28 strains of b. cepacia by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. all strains examined, whether of clinical, environmental or plant pathogenic origin, were found to have two, three or four large (> 500 kbp) replic ... | 2000 | 10792553 |
| field investigations of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcine semen. | field investigations (n=23) were made over a 3-yr period at north american boar studs and farms in which the primary complaint was sperm agglutination in association with decreased sperm longevity of extended semen, and increased regular returns to estrus and/or vaginal discharges across parity. microscopic examination of extended semen from these units revealed depressed gross motility (usually <30%), sperm agglutination, and sperm cell death occurring within 2 d of semen collection and process ... | 2000 | 10798493 |
| sequence of pha synthase gene from two strains of rhodospirillum rubrum and in vivo substrate specificity of four pha synthases across two heterologous expression systems. | a 3.0-kb genomic fragment has been isolated from rhodospirillum rubrum (atcc 25903) that contains an open reading frame (orf) with strong homology to other known polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase genes. this orf has lower homology to the r. rubrum strain ha pha synthase than would be expected within the same species. we have conducted a series of heterologous expression studies evaluating the in vivo substrate specificity of pha synthase genes from rhodobacter sphaeroides, ralstonia eutropha ( ... | 2000 | 10803898 |
| molecular analysis of maleate cis-trans isomerase from thermophilic bacteria. | several strains of thermophilic bacteria containing maleate cis-trans isomerase were isolated from soil samples and identified as bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus circulans, bacillus brevis, and deleya halophila. the maleate cis-trans isomerase was purified and characterized from one of the isolated strains, b. stearothermophilus mi-102. the purified enzyme of strain mi-102 showed higher thermal stability than the enzyme of a mesophile, alcaligenes faecalis ifo13111. the seven maleate cis-t ... | 2000 | 10803955 |
| catalytic roles for two water bridged residues (asp-98 and his-255) in the active site of copper-containing nitrite reductase. | two active site residues, asp-98 and his-255, of copper-containing nitrite reductase (nir) from alcaligenes faecalis have been mutated to probe the catalytic mechanism. three mutations at these two sites (d98n, h255d, and h255n) result in large reductions in activity relative to native nir, suggesting that both residues are involved intimately in the reaction mechanism. crystal structures of these mutants have been determined using data collected to better than 1. 9-a resolution. in the native s ... | 2000 | 10811642 |
| structures of oxidized and reduced azurin ii from alcaligenes xylosoxidans at 1.75 a resolution. | crystallographic structures of oxidized and reduced forms of azurin ii are reported at 1.75 a resolution. data were collected using one crystal in each case and by translating the crystal after each oscillation range to minimize photoreduction. very small differences are observed at the cu site upon reduction and these cannot be determined with confidence at current resolution. a comparison with the three-dimensional exafs reveals a good correspondence for all the ligand distances except for cu- ... | 2000 | 10818345 |
| 3d exafs refinement of the cu site of azurin sheds light on the nature of structural change at the metal centre in an oxidation-reduction process: an integrated approach combining exafs and crystallography. | three-dimensional information is obtained for the cu site in azurin at very high resolution by combining high-resolution crystallographic structures and exafs data for the oxidized and reduced form of the protein. this combined approach has allowed us to define the subtle structural changes (<0.1 a) which take place at the cu site during a single-electron redox process. | 2000 | 10818346 |
| role of ligand substitution on long-range electron transfer in azurins. | azurin contains two potential redox sites, a copper centre and, at the opposite end of the molecule, a cystine disulfide (rssr). intramolecular electron transfer between a pulse radiolytically produced rssr- radical anion and the blue cu(ii) ion was studied in a series of azurins in which single-site mutations were introduced into the copper ligand sphere. in the met121his mutant, the rate constant for intramolecular electron transfer is half that of the corresponding wild-type azurin. in the hi ... | 2000 | 10824096 |
| gene organization for nitric oxide reduction in alcaligenes faecalis s-6. | norb and norc encoding the cytochrome b-containing subunit and the cytochrome c-containing subunit, respectively, of the nitric oxide reductase (nor) in alcaligenes faecalis s-6 were cloned and sequenced. both norb and norc showed more than 40% sequence identity to the corresponding subunits of cytochrome bc-type nors in other denitrifying bacteria. norcb was in a gene cluster containing seven other genes; these were named dnr, orf2, orf3, nore, norf, norq, and nord on the basis of their similar ... | 2000 | 10830505 |
| methods for intense aeration, growth, storage, and replication of bacterial strains in microtiter plates. | miniaturized growth systems for heterogeneous culture collections are not only attractive in reducing demands for incubation space and medium but also in making the parallel handling of large numbers of strains more practicable. we report here on the optimization of oxygen transfer rates in deep-well microtiter plates and the development of a replication system allowing the simultaneous and reproducible sampling of 96 frozen glycerol stock cultures while the remaining culture volume remains froz ... | 2000 | 10831450 |
| purification, characterization, and primary structure of a novel cell wall hydrolytic amidase, cwha, from achromobacter lyticus. | a novel bacteriolytic enzyme cwha (cell wall hydrolytic amidase) was purified by ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatographies from a commercial bacteriolytic preparation from achromobacter lyticus. cwha exhibited optimal ph at 8.5 and lysed chcl(3)-treated escherichia coli more efficiently than micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, and pediococcus acidilactici. the enzyme was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline strongly and by edta to a lesser extent, suggesting that ... | 2000 | 10833271 |
| biocatalytic transformation of [(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]acetic acid and thiodiglycolic acid from thiodiglycol by alcaligenes xylosoxydans ssp. xylosoxydans (sh91). | a gram-negative bacterium, alcaligenes xylosoxydans ssp. xylosoxydans (sh91), consumed thiodiglycol (tdg), the nontoxic hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, as a primary carbon source and transformed tdg to commercially relevant chemical precursors, [(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]acetic acid (heta) and thiodiglycolic acid (tdga). aerobic fed batch and repeated batch experiments were run to compare the molar yields of heta and tdga that result under different operating policies. in repeated batch experim ... | 2000 | 10835236 |
| engineering a mouse metallothionein on the cell surface of ralstonia eutropha ch34 for immobilization of heavy metals in soil. | here we describe targeting of the mouse metallothionein i (mt) protein to the cell surface of the heavy metal-tolerant ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) ch34 strain, which is adapted to thrive in soils highly polluted with metal ions. dna sequences encoding mt were fused to the autotransporter beta-domain of the iga protease of neisseria gonorrhoeae, which targeted the hybrid protein toward the bacterial outer membrane. the translocation, surface display, and functionality of t ... | 2000 | 10835606 |
| isolation and characterization of an achromobacter xylosoxidans strain b3 and other bacteria capable to degrade the synthetic chelating agent iminodisuccinate. | three bacterial strains were isolated, which used the synthetic chelating agent iminodisuccinate (ids) as sole carbon source for growth in mineral salts media (msm). taxonomic analysis and 16s rdna sequence analysis identified one of these isolates (b3), which was isolated from sewage sludge, as a strain of achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans. it exhibited a doubling time of approximately 3 h in liquid msm supplemented with ids and grew even in the presence of 1.0% (w/v) ids. since ph ... | 2000 | 10867232 |
| per-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in an alcaligenes faecalis clinical isolate resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams from a hospital in northern italy. | an alicaligenes faecalis (fl-424/98) resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam was isolated from the urine of an inpatient at the intensive care unit of the varese hospital (northern italy) after antimicrobial chemotherapy with cefazolin, vancomycin, and amikacin. clavulanic acid restored the activity of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, suggesting the production of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbetal). a crude extract of fl-424/98 showed the presence of two beta-lacta ... | 2000 | 10868812 |
| biotransformation of lantadene a (22 beta-angeloyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid), the pentacyclic triterpenoid, by alcaligenes faecalis. | a bacterial strain capable of biotransformation of lantadene a (22 beta-angeloyloxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid), the pentacyclic hepatotoxin of lantana (lantana camara var. aculeata) has been isolated from soil using lantadene a as the sole carbon source. the organism is gram negative, rod shaped, motile, catalase positive and has been identified as alcaligenes faecalis. the isolate has been found to be specific for lantadene a and did not utilize lantadene b. in studies using sucrose as an a ... | 1999 | 10870553 |
| [study of molecular structure of polyhydroxybutyrate-a termoplastic anddegradable biopolymer]. | the molecular structure of polyhydroxybutyrate from hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria alcaligenes eutrophus was studied by x-ray diffraction analysis. it was shown that the degree of crystallinity of various samples depends little on the conditions of their preparation and is equal to 0.62-0.76. the molecular structure of solid samples and solution of polyhydroxybutyrate in chloroform were studied by the nmr and epr methods. the conclusion is made that the molecular structure of polyhydroxybutyrate do ... | 2000 | 10872056 |
| community dynamics of a mixed-bacterial culture growing on petroleum hydrocarbons in batch culture. | the effects of various hydrocarbon substrates, and a chemical surfactant capable of enhancing crude-oil biodegradation, on the community structure of a mixed-bacterial inoculum were examined in batch culture. of 1000 tsa-culturable isolates, 68.6% were identified at the genus level or better by phospholipid fatty acid analysis over 7-day time course experiments. cultures were exposed to 20 g/l bow river crude oil with and without 0.625 g/l igepal co-630 (a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant), 5 g ... | 2000 | 10872080 |
| microbiological investigation on black crusts from open-air stone monuments of bologna (italy). | samples of black crusts taken from open-air stone monuments in bologna dating back to between the twelfth and the nineteenth century were considered. the microbiological test procedures isolated from a high number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria, each of the samples although it was expected to find chemo-lithotrophic (specially sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying) bacteria on account of the great amounts of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen dioxides and ammonia in the air. sporogenous and asporogenous specie ... | 2000 | 10872690 |
| molecular analysis of surfactant-driven microbial population shifts in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. | we analyzed the impact of surfactant addition on hydrocarbon mineralization kinetics and the associated population shifts of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms in soil. a mixture of radiolabeled hexadecane and phenanthrene was added to batch soil vessels. witconol sn70 (a nonionic, alcohol ethoxylate) was added in concentrations that bracketed the critical micelle concentration (cmc) in soil (cmc') (determined to be 13 mg g(-1)). addition of the surfactant at a concentration below the cmc' (2 ... | 2000 | 10877792 |
| geranic acid formation, an initial reaction of anaerobic monoterpene metabolism in denitrifying alcaligenes defragrans. | monoterpenes with an unsaturated hydrocarbon structure are mineralized anaerobically by the denitrifying beta-proteobacterium alcaligenes defragrans. organic acids occurring in cells of a. defragrans and culture medium were characterized to identify potential products of the monoterpene activation reaction. geranic acid (e,e-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid) accumulated to 0.5 mm in cells grown on alpha-phellandrene under nitrate limitation. cell suspensions of a. defragrans 65phen synthesized ... | 2000 | 10877798 |
| [studies on fermentation conditions for the accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in alcaligenes eutrophus]. | the results of the cultivation of alcaligenes eutrophus showed that nitrogen limitation or exhaustion could stimulate the substantial accumulation of phb. but the exhaustion of nitrogen source in phb formation period would result in the rapid drop of phb synthetic rate. oxygen limitation could also stimulate the formation of phb, but the content of phb in the cell was much less than that in case of nitrogen controlled conditions. obvious influences were observed on phb fermentation when ammonia ... | 2000 | 10883288 |
| analysis of ternary mixtures with a single dynamic microbial sensor and chemometrics using a nonlinear multivariate calibration. | an amperometric biosensor based on immobilized bacterial cells of alcaligenes eutrophus kt02 and an oxygen electrode was integrated in a flow-through system. because microorganisms metabolize various organic analytes in a specific manner, the sensor shows for different pure analytes distinct time-dependent oxygen consumption rates that can be treated as characteristic patterns. this behavior is conserved also when the biosensor is exposed to a mixture of these organic analytes; the sensor with a ... | 2000 | 10905331 |
| diversity of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in pristine stream bed sediments. | more than 900 culturable, heterotrophic aerobic isolates were obtained from the sediments of a forested, pristine stream and analyzed using three classical microbiological tests: api 20e, amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), and fatty acid analysis. gram-negative bacteria comprised most of the heterotrophic aerobic isolates (66.7%), similar to other oligotrophic environments. the isolates were assigned to the genus level as pseudomonas, flavobacterium, micrococcus, bacillus, chr ... | 1999 | 10907425 |
| high efficiency separation of microbial aggregates using capillary electrophoresis. | recent advances in the technique of capillary electrophoresis have demonstrated fast, highly efficient separation of mixtures of intact microbes. this paper describes the application of this technique for the separation of microbial aggregates of micrococcus luteus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, or alcaligenes faecalis. the aggregates of these microbes were resolved into several highly efficient peaks with analysis times under 10 min and efficiencies approaching 1000000 plates m(-1) in some cases. a ... | 2000 | 10913863 |
| antibacterial carbohydrate monoesters suppressing cell growth of streptococcus mutans in the presence of sucrose. | the growth-inhibitory effect of 23 carbohydrate monoesters synthesized by lipases and proteases were assayed to obtain antibacterial agents that suppress the cell growth of streptococcus mutans. among the carbohydrate esters synthesized, galactose and fructose laurates showed the highest growth-inhibitory effect, while the other analogs of hexose laurates showed no antibacterial activity, indicating that configuration of the hydroxyl group in carbohydrate moiety markedly affects the antibacteria ... | 2000 | 10915210 |
| comparison of colony lift with direct spotting methods of blot preparation on the effect of colony hybridization in the detection of environmental organisms. | nucleic acid probes are used on site to detect or to identify individual microbial cells without cultivation. this molecular technique can avoid some limitations of traditional identification methods including time consuming and imprecise. this study examined the factors affecting colony hybridization and compared the effectiveness of membrane prepared by colony lifting with direct spotting procedures using the universal probe eub 338. the results of hybridization varied depending on the type of ... | 2000 | 10917884 |
| economic considerations in the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by bacterial fermentation. | the process for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p(3hb/v)] by bacterial fermentation and its recovery was analysed. the effects of various factors such as p(3hb/v) content, p(3hb/v) productivity, p(3hb/v) yield and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv) fraction in p(3hb/v) on the production cost of p(3hb/v) were examined. the increase in the 3hv yield on a carbon source did not significantly decrease the production cost when the 3hv fraction was 10 mol%, because the cost of the ... | 2000 | 10919320 |
| broad substrate specificity of naphthalene- and biphenyl-utilizing bacteria. | although aromatic compounds are most often present in the environment as components of complex mixtures, biodegradation studies commonly focus on the degradation of individual compounds. the present study was performed to investigate the range of aromatic substrates utilized by biphenyl- and naphthalene-degrading environmental isolates and to ascertain the effects of co-occurring substrates during the degradation of mono-aromatic compounds. bacterial strains were isolated on the basis of their a ... | 2000 | 10919338 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression in escherichia coli of the gene encoding a novel 5-oxoprolinase without atp-hydrolyzing activity from alcaligenes faecalis n-38a. | the gene encoding a novel 5-oxoprolinase without atp-hydrolyzing activity from alcaligenes faecalis n-38a was cloned and characterized. the coding region of this gene is 1,299 bp long. the predicted primary protein is composed of 433 amino acid residues, with a 31-amino-acid signal peptide. the mature protein is composed of 402 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 46,163 da. the derived amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed no significant sequence similarity to any other proteins repo ... | 2000 | 10919770 |
| production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by fed-batch culture of recombinant escherichia coli with a highly concentrated whey solution. | fermentation strategies for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) from whey by recombinant escherichia coli strain cgsc 4401 harboring the alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis genes were developed. the ph-stat fed-batch cultures of e. coli cgsc 4401 harboring pjc4, a stable plasmid containing the a. latus pha biosynthesis genes, were carried out with a concentrated whey solution containing 280 g of lactose equivalent per liter. final cell and phb concentrations of ... | 2000 | 10919830 |
| nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity and function of flavohemoglobins. sensitivity to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide inhibition. | widely distributed flavohemoglobins (flavohbs) function as no dioxygenases and confer upon cells a resistance to no toxicity. flavohbs from saccharomyces cerevisiae, alcaligenes eutrophus, and escherichia coli share similar spectra, o(2), no, and co binding kinetics, and steady-state no dioxygenation kinetics. turnover numbers (v(max)) for s. cerevisiae, a. eutrophus, and e. coli flavohbs are 112, 290, and 365 no heme(-1) s(-1), respectively, at 37 degrees c with 200 microm o(2). the k(m) values ... | 2000 | 10922365 |
| alcaligenes xylosoxidans and propionibacterium acnes postoperative endophthalmitis in a pseudophakic eye. | to report a case of persistent polymicrobial postoperative endophthalmitis caused by alcaligenes xylosoxidans and propionibacterium acnes in a pseudophakic eye. a. xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacteria resistant to most antibiotics. | 2000 | 10927000 |
| conversion of solvent evaporation residues from the ab- (acetone - butanol) bioprocess into bacterial cells accumulating thermoplastic polyesters. | in a bioconversion study based on utilisation of by-products from the ab- (acetone - butanol) bioprocess a new isolated gram-negative solvent tolerant bacterium was used to convert the ab process residue after removal of the major part of the solvents. the bacterium identified as a representative of the genus alcaligenes (designated as alcaligenes sp. g) was capable of growth up to optical densities ranging from 8 to 20 and simultaneously of polyhydroxyalkanoate-(pha-)accumulation up to 40% per ... | 2000 | 10937491 |
| conversion of solvent evaporation residues from the ab- (acetone-butanol) bioprocess into bacterial cells accumulating thermoplastic polyesters. | in a bioconversion study based on utilisation of by-products from the ab- (acetone-butanol) bioprocess a new isolated gram-negative solvent tolerant bacterium was used to convert the ab process residue after removal of the major part of the solvents. the bacterium identified as a representative of the genus alcaligenes (designated as alcaligenes sp. g) was capable of growth up to optical densities ranging from 8 to 20 and simultaneously of polyhydroxyalkanoate- (pha-)accumulation up to 40% per d ... | 2000 | 10939239 |
| numerical taxonomy of heavy metal-tolerant nonhalophilic bacteria isolated from hypersaline environments. | a total of 232 metal-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from water and sediment samples collected in different hypersaline environments located in cádiz, huelva and morón de la frontera (spain). they were isolated on a medium containing mercury, chromium, cadmium, copper or zinc. these halotolerant isolates were analyzed by numerical taxonomy techniques by using the simple matching (ssm) and jaccard (sj) coefficients; clustering was achieved using the unweighted pair group method with aver ... | 1998 | 10943340 |
| analysis of oxidation sensitivity of maleate cis-trans isomerase from serratia marcescens. | the maleate cis-trans isomerase gene (maia) from serratia marcescens ifo3736 was cloned and sequenced. serratia maia has 62.4% amino acid identity with alcaligenes faecalis ifo13111 maia and 64.9% with bacillus stearothermophilus mi-102 maia. all known ten amino acid sequences of maia had significant conserved regions containing cysteine residues, which were previously suggested to be involved in an active site of the enzyme. the maia gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and expressed product ... | 2000 | 10945267 |
| gene cloning and overproduction of low-specificity d-threonine aldolase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans and its application for production of a key intermediate for parkinsonism drug. | the dtaax gene encoding a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-p)-dependent low-specificity d-threonine aldolase was cloned from the chromosomal dna of alcaligenes xylosoxidans ifo 12669. it contains an open reading frame consisting of 1,134 nucleotides corresponding to 377 amino acid residues. the predicted amino acid sequence displayed 54% identity with that of d-threonine aldolase from gram-positive bacteria arthrobacter sp. dk-38, but showed no significant similarity with those of other known p ... | 2000 | 10952004 |
| [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by alcaligenes xylosoxidans]. | | 2000 | 10953837 |
| factors influencing the biosorption of gadolinium by micro-organisms and its mobilisation from sand. | the present work was devoted to the study of the biosorption capacities of various microbial species (bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, ralstonia metallidurans ch34 previously alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, mycobacterium smegmatis, saccharomyces cerevisiae) for ions of the lanthanide gadolinium (gd3+). the uptake by sand of this element was also measured. saturation curves and scatchard models were established for all biosorbants used in this work. the results enabled us to determine the b ... | 2000 | 10968643 |
| [effect of thallium of atp-ase activity and transmembrane potential in bacteria]. | effect of thallium (tlno3) on the atpase activity and transmembrane potential (dj) of bacteria with different levels of resistance to this metal has been studied. the hypothesis has been made that the resistance biochemical mechanism is based on the energy transformation systems in the cell. | 2000 | 10979585 |
| the role of hydrophobic interactions on alcohol binding in the active center of penicillin acylases. | inhibition of penicillin acylases from escherichia coli and alcaligenes faecalis by aliphatic and aromatic alcohols was studied. it was shown that the inhibition of both enzymes has competitive nature and they bind the alcohols at the acyl group binding site of the enzyme active center. the free energy of alcohol sorption was shown to be linearly dependent on the hydrophobicity of the inhibitor with slopes of 1.6 and 1.7, demonstrating extremely effective hydrophobic interactions. to rationalize ... | 2000 | 11002191 |
| substrate specificity of atrazine chlorohydrolase and atrazine-catabolizing bacteria. | bacterial atrazine catabolism is initiated by the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) in pseudomonas sp. strain adp. other triazine herbicides are metabolized by bacteria, but the enzymological basis of this is unclear. here we begin to address this by investigating the catalytic activity of atza by using substrate analogs. purified atza from pseudomonas sp. strain adp catalyzed the hydrolysis of an atrazine analog that was substituted at the chlorine substituent by fluorine. atza did not cat ... | 2000 | 11010866 |
| dna sequence analysis of the tellurite-resistance determinant from clinical strain of escherichia coli and identification of essential genes. | the tellurite-resistant escherichia coli strain kl53 was found during testing of the group of clinical isolates for antibiotics and heavy metal ion resistance (burian et al. 1990). determinant of the tellurite resistance of the strain was located on the large conjugative plasmid pte53 and cloned into pacyc184. three different ter clones harboring plk2, plk18 and plk20 were isolated (burian et al. 1998). the smallest functional ter clone harboring plk18 was chosen for further analysis. plasmid pl ... | 2000 | 11016400 |
| phylogeny of the genus pseudomonas: intrageneric structure reconstructed from the nucleotide sequences of gyrb and rpod genes. | phylogenetic analysis of the genus pseudomonas: was conducted by using the combined gyrb and rpod nucleotide sequences of 31 validly described species of pseudomonas: (a total of 125 strains). pseudomonas: strains diverged into two major clusters designated intrageneric cluster i (igc i) and intrageneric cluster ii (igc ii). igc i was further split into two subclusters, the 'p: aeruginosa complex', which included p: aeruginosa, p: alcaligenes, p: citronellolis, p: mendocina, p: oleovorans and p: ... | 2000 | 11021915 |
| analysis of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degradative plasmid pest4011 of achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans strain est4002. | the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degradative bacterium achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans strain est4002, isolated in estonia more than 10years ago, was found to contain the 70kb plasmid pest4011 that is responsible for the bacterium having had obtained a stable 2,4-d(+) phenotype. the tfd-like genes for 2, 4-d degradation of the strain est4002 were located on a 10.5kb region of pest4011, but without functional genes coding for chloromuconate cycloisomerase and chlorodiene ... | 2000 | 11024288 |
| metabolic pathway engineering in cotton: biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in fiber cells. | alcaligenes eutrophus genes encoding the enzymes, beta-ketothiolase (phaa), acetoacetyl-coa reductase (phab), and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phac) catalyze the production of aliphatic polyester poly-d-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) from acetyl-coa. phb is a thermoplastic polymer that may modify fiber properties when synthesized in cotton. endogenous beta-ketothiolase activity is present in cotton fibers. hence cotton was transformed with engineered phab and phac genes by particle bombardment, a ... | 1996 | 11038522 |
| [study of the dielectric permeability in the superhigh frequency range of a degraded polyoxybutyrate biopolymer]. | the dielectric permeability of the degradable biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate synthesized by hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria alcaligenes eutrophus was investigated by the resonance method using original highly sensitive microstrip sensors. for the first time, a linear growth of dielectric permeability (delta epsilon/delta t = 7 x 10(-4) degree-1) due to the flexibility of the polymer chain in the temperature range from 10 to 70 degrees c was revealed. the energy of a bend of the nearest fragments was ... | 2000 | 11040969 |
| unprecedented proximal binding of nitric oxide to heme: implications for guanylate cyclase. | microbial cytochromes c' contain a 5-coordinate his-ligated heme that forms stable adducts with nitric oxide (no) and carbon monoxide (co), but not with dioxygen. we report the 1.95 and 1.35 a resolution crystal structures of the co- and no-bound forms of the reduced protein from alcaligenes xylosoxidans. no disrupts the his-fe bond and binds in a novel mode to the proximal face of the heme, giving a 5-coordinate species. in contrast, co binds 6-coordinate on the distal side. a second co molecul ... | 2000 | 11060017 |
| evidence that ralstonia eutropha (alcaligenes eutrophus) contains a functional homologue of the ralstonia solanacearum phc cell density sensing system. | in the phytopathogen ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum, control of many virulence genes is partly mediated by the phc cell density sensing system. phc uses a novel self-produced signal molecule [3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester (3-oh pame)], an atypical two-component system (phcs/phcr), and a lysr-type activator (phca) to regulate a reversible switching between two different physiological states. while phc is present in most r. solanacearum strains, it is apparently absent from other pseud ... | 2000 | 11069661 |
| recurrent achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia associated with persistent lymph node infection in a patient with hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome. | achromobacter xylosoxidans (formerly alcaligenes xylosoxidans) is a rare but important cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, and strains are usually multiply resistant to antimicrobial therapy. we report an immunocompromised patient with hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome who suffered from 14 documented episodes of a. xylosoxidans bacteremia. each episode was treated and resulted in rapid clinical improvement, with blood cultures testing negative for bacteria. between episodes, a. xylo ... | 2000 | 11073750 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and its role in the protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway in sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6. | protocatechuate (pca) is the key intermediate metabolite in the lignin degradation pathway of sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 and is metabolized to pyruvate and oxaloacetate via the pca 4,5-cleavage pathway. we characterized the 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde (chms) dehydrogenase gene (ligc). chms is the 4,5-cleavage product of pca and is converted into 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate (pdc) by ligc. we found that ligc was located 295 bp downstream of ligb, which encodes the large subunit ... | 2000 | 11073908 |
| microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in johannesburg, south africa. | one hundred and thirty-two samples of beef, chicken, salad and gravy were collected from two street vendors over eleven replicate surveys to assess microbiological safety and quality. for each food type samples were collected during preparation and holding. dish water was also collected and food preparation surfaces swabbed during preparation and display. standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts, enterobacteriaceae counts, coliform counts and spore counts. six hundred and sev ... | 2000 | 11078164 |
| isolation and identification of autochthonous microbiota from a granitic aquifer and its variation after the bottling process. | the autochthonous microbiota from a granitic aquifer in spain were studied. several bacterial strains were isolated and identified. the major components of the microbiota were pseudomonas-like strains, flavobacterium, acinetobacter, and alcaligenes. the variation in the number of microorganisms after the bottling process was studied. the initial bacterial population increased over the first 5 days after bottling. this increase was higher in samples from polyvinyl chloride bottles. sonication usu ... | 2000 | 11080384 |
| effect of topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% and ofloxacin 0.3% on the reduction of bacterial flora on the human conjunctiva. | to evaluate quantitatively over time the reduction in bacterial flora on the human conjunctiva after treatment with topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% (ciloxan) or topical ofloxacin 0.3% (ocuflox). | 2000 | 11084269 |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism in transgenic tolerant cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | the metabolic fate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) was studied in leaves of transgenic 2,4-d-tolerant cotton (gossypium hirsutum), which is obtained by transfer of the tfda gene from the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus. the tdfa gene codes for a dioxygenase catalyzing the degradation of 2,4-d to 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp). [phenyl-(14)c]-2,4-d was administered by petiolar absorption followed by an 18 h water chase or converted to the isopropyl ester and sprayed onto the leaf surface ... | 2000 | 11087477 |
| [spontaneous alcaligenes xylosidans ascitic fluid infection in a patient with cirrhosis]. | | 2000 | 11094613 |
| composition of soil microbial communities enriched on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. | soil contaminated with c5+, which contained benzene (45%, wt/wt), dicyclopentadiene (dcpd) plus cyclopentadiene (together 20%), toluene (6%), styrene (3%), xylenes (2%), naphthalene (2%), and smaller quantities of other compounds, served as the source for isolation of 55 genomically distinct bacteria (standards). use of benzene as a substrate by these bacteria was most widespread (31 of 44 standards tested), followed by toluene (23 of 44), xylenes (14 of 44), styrene (10 of 44), and naphthalene ... | 2000 | 11097903 |
| bacterial lipases from pseudomonas: regulation of gene expression and mechanisms of secretion. | lipases from pseudomonas bacteria are widely used for a variety of biotechnological applications. overexpression in heterologous hosts like escherichia coli failed to produce enzymatically active lipase prompting to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipase gene expression and secretion. the prototype lipase from p. aeruginosa is encoded in a bicistronic operon which is transcribed from two different promotors, one of which depends on the alternative sigma factor rpon (s ... | 2000 | 11099799 |
| unusual respiratory bacterial flora in cystic fibrosis: microbiologic and clinical features. | pulmonary infections continue to be a significant source of morbidity and mortality among patients with cystic fibrosis. although our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of pulmonary infections with pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased greatly in recent years, very little is known about potentially emerging pathogens such as burkholderia cepacia complex, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. in this review ... | 2000 | 11100967 |
| the potential for intraspecific horizontal gene exchange by natural genetic transformation: sexual isolation among genomovars of pseudomonas stutzeri. | the potential for natural genetic transformation among the seven genomovars (gvs) of pseudomonas stutzeri was investigated. of the 12 strains originating from a variety of environments, six strains (50%) from five gvs were competent for dna uptake (rif(r) marker). the transformation frequencies varied over more than three orders of magnitude. with three highly transformable strains (atcc 17587, atcc 17641, jm300) from two gvs and all other strains as dna donors, sexual isolation from other pseud ... | 2000 | 11101666 |
| [evaluation of bacterial contamination in disinfectants for domestic use]. | to evaluate disinfectants for domestic use for the presence of bacteria, identify them, and determine their tolerance level to benzalkonium chloride. | 2000 | 11105107 |
| development of a novel bioreactor system for treatment of gaseous benzene. | a novel, continuous bioreactor system combining a bubble column (absorption section) and a two-phase bioreactor (degradation section) has been designed to treat a gas stream containing benzene. the bubble column contained hexadecane as an absorbent for benzene, and was systemically chosen considering physical, biological, environmental, operational, and economic factors. this solvent has infinite solubility for benzene and very low volatility. after absorbing benzene in the bubble column, the he ... | 2001 | 11114653 |
| salt-tolerant phenol-degrading microorganisms isolated from amazonian soil samples. | two phenol-degrading microorganisms were isolated from amazonian rain forest soil samples after enrichment in the presence of phenol and a high salt concentration. the yeast candida tropicalis and the bacterium alcaligenes faecoalis were identified using several techniques, including staining, morphological observation and biochemical tests, fatty acid profiles and 16s/18s rrna sequencing. both isolates, a. faecalis and c. tropicalis, were used in phenol degradation assays, with rhodococcus eryt ... | 2000 | 11131025 |
| spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the met86gln mutant of achromobacter cycloclastes pseudoazurin. | the mutant replacing the met86 ligand of achromobacter cycloclastes pseudoazurin (ac-paz) with gln has been prepared and spectroscopically and electrochemically characterized. ac-paz has four ligands (2his, cys, and met) and donates one electron to its cognate cu-containing nitrite reductase (ac-nir). the mutant ([met86gln]paz) shows the electronic absorption and cd spectra considerably similar to those of zucchini mavicyanin (mv) and lacquer and cucumber stellacyanins (st) having 2his, cys, and ... | 2000 | 11132642 |
| catalytic and spectroscopic analysis of blue copper-containing nitrite reductase mutants altered in the environment of the type 2 copper centre: implications for substrate interaction. | the blue dissimilatory nitrite reductase (nir) from alcaligenes xylosoxidans is a trimer containing two types of cu centre, three type 1 electron transfer centres and three type 2 centres. the latter have been implicated in the binding and reduction of nitrite. the cu ion of the type 2 centre of the oxidized enzyme is ligated by three his residues, and additionally has a co-ordinated water molecule that is also hydrogen-bonded to the carboxyl of asp(92) [dodd, van beeumen, eady and hasnain (1998 ... | 2001 | 11139389 |
| dissection of central carbon metabolism of hemoglobin-expressing escherichia coli by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance flux distribution analysis in microaerobic bioprocesses. | escherichia coli mg1655 cells expressing vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb), alcaligenes eutrophus flavohemoprotein (fhp), the n-terminal hemoglobin domain of fhp (fhpg), and a fusion protein which comprises vhb and the a. eutrophus c-terminal reductase domain (vhb-red) were grown in a microaerobic bioreactor to study the effects of low oxygen concentrations on the central carbon metabolism, using fractional (13)c-labeling of the proteinogenic amino acids and two-dimensional [(13)c, (1)h]-correlation ... | 2001 | 11157231 |
| mobilization of selenite by ralstonia metallidurans ch34. | ralstonia metallidurans ch34 (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus ch34) is a soil bacterium characteristic of metal-contaminated biotopes, as it is able to grow in the presence of a variety of heavy metals. r. metallidurans ch34 is reported now to resist up to 6 mm selenite and to reduce selenite to elemental red selenium as shown by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure analysis. growth kinetics analysis suggests an adaptation of the cells to the selenite stress during the lag-phase period. depen ... | 2001 | 11157242 |
| recurrent achromobacter piechaudii bacteremia in a patient with hematological malignancy. | we describe a recurrent bacteremia caused by achromobacter (formerly alcaligenes) piechaudii in association with an intravenous catheter in an immunocompromised 73-year-old man. this is the first reported case of bacteremia due to a. piechaudii. | 2001 | 11158159 |
| survival rate of microbes after freeze-drying and long-term storage. | the survival rates of 10 species of microorganisms were investigated after freeze-drying and preserving in a vacuum at 5 degrees c. the survival rates varied with species. the survival rates immediately after freeze-drying were different among yeast, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria, and the change in the 10-year survival rate was species-specific. the survival rate of yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, was about 10% immediately after drying, and the rate did not decrease signifi ... | 2000 | 11161557 |
| distribution of catabolic pathways in some hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a subsurface polluted soil. | enrichment cultures on naphtha solvent were used to select aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a btex (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene)-contaminated subsoil obtained from beneath a paint factory located in milan, italy. fifteen isolated strains were studied for their different biodegradative capacities. among these, 13 were able to grow on naphtha solvent. ten were identified as pseudomonas putida and three as pseudomonas aureofaciens. two other degraders were identified as pseud ... | 2000 | 11191814 |
| anaerobic utilization of essential oils by denitrifying bacteria. | plant volatile organic compounds are a major carbon source in nature. we studied the degradability of these substances by anaerobic microorganisms in enrichment cultures with representative essential oils as organic substrates and nitrate as electron acceptor. lemon and pine needle oil supported microbial growth in the presence of pure oil, whereas parsley seed, camphor, sage, fennel, and mint oil supported growth only when the essential oils were dissolved in an overlying phase of 2,2,4,4,6,8,8 ... | 2000 | 11194974 |
| degradation of anthracene by bacteria isolated from oil polluted tropical soils. | four bacteria, identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa, alcaligenes eutrophus, bacillus subtilis and micrococcus luteus were isolated from crude oil polluted soils using anthracene as the sole carbon and energy source. all the organisms utilized n-hexadecane, n-tetradecane, diesel oil, engine oil and naphthalene as sole carbon sources. none could utilize hexane, cycloheptane, xylene, benzene, toluene, phenol, fluoranthene,and kerosene as carbon sources. highest cell density obtained with 0.1% (w/v) ... | 2000 | 11204192 |
| enzymatic oxidation of cadmium and lead metals photodeposited on cadmium sulfide. | cadmium and lead metals deposited on cds particles are shown to act as substrates--electron donors for enzymes, hydrogenase from thiocapsa roseopersicina (hg), nad-dependent hydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus (nlh), and ferredoxin:nadp oxidoreductase (fnr) from chlorella in the formation of hydrogen, nadh and nadph, respectively. adsorption of the enzyme on the surface of the metallized cds particle is required for enzymatic oxidation of metal. the maximum rates for the formation of hydrogen ... | 2001 | 11206926 |
| towards elucidation of microbial community metabolic pathways: unravelling the network of carbon sharing in a pollutant-degrading bacterial consortium by immunocapture and isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. | although much information on metabolic pathways within individual organisms is available, little is known about the pathways operating in natural communities in which extensive sharing of nutritional resources is the rule. in order to analyse such a consortium pathway, we have investigated the flow of 4-chlorosalicylate as carbon substrate within a simple chemostat microbial community using 13c-labelled metabolites and isotopic ratio mass spectrometric analysis of label enrichment in immunocaptu ... | 1999 | 11207732 |
| exchange of xcp (gsp) secretion machineries between pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas alcaligenes: species specificity unrelated to substrate recognition. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas alcaligenes are gram-negative bacteria that secrete proteins using the type ii or general secretory pathway, which requires at least 12 xcp gene products (xcpa and xcpp to -z). despite strong conservation of this secretion pathway, gram-negative bacteria usually cannot secrete exoproteins from other species. based on results obtained with erwinia, it has been proposed that the xcpp and/or xcpq homologs determine this secretion specificity (m. linderberg, g. ... | 2001 | 11208795 |
| characterization of the promoter and upstream activating sequence from the pseudomonas alcaligenes lipase gene. | pseudomonas alcaligenes secretes a lipase with a high ph optimum, which has interesting properties for application in detergents. the expression of the lipase is strongly dependent on the presence of lipids in the growth medium such as soybean oil. the promoter of the gene was characterized and found to have resemblance to sigma54 controlled promoters, which are known to be tightly regulated. the transcription start was mapped precisely downstream of a sequence with close similarity to the -12/- ... | 2001 | 11223140 |