| structural characterization of a novel subfamily of leucine-rich repeat proteins from the human pathogen leptospira interrogans. | pathogenic leptospira spp. are the agents of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease. analyses of leptospira genomes have shown that the pathogenic leptospires (but not the saprophytes) possess a large number of genes encoding proteins containing leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domains. in other pathogenic bacteria, proteins with lrr domains have been shown to be involved in mediating host-cell attachment and invasion, but their functions remain unknown in leptospira. to gain insight into the pote ... | 2015 | 26057675 |
| factors associated with fetal losses in ewe lambs on a new zealand sheep farm. | as part of a production study of ewe lambs on a large farm in the waikato region of new zealand in 2011, pregnancy diagnosis was undertaken twice by trans-abdominal ultrasonography at 68-103 and 97-132 days of gestation. at the second pregnancy diagnosis 257/3,790 (6.8%) ewe lambs had evidence of non-viable fetuses or absence of a pregnancy that was present at the previous pregnancy diagnosis (fetal loss). | 2015 | 25980526 |
| immunological and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from a bovine foetus. | cattle are commonly infected with pathogenic leptospires, and similarly to rodents, they excrete the bacteria in their urine and can transmit the pathogen from animal to animal or animal to human. thus, surveillance and monitoring systems for detection of new leptospira serovars are important for the control of leptospirosis. here, we report the isolation of a spirochete from a stillborn bovine foetus and its characterization by immunological and molecular techniques. a variable number tandem re ... | 2015 | 25976319 |
| [the cytotoxic effect and the effect of permeability with ompa like protein loa22 from leptospira interrogans serovar]. | to study the toxic effect and the change of permeability on human umbilical vein endothelia (huve) of the loa22 protein from virulent serovar lai. leptaspira interrogans by expressing its protein. | 2015 | 25924423 |
| the usefulness of semi-solid medium in the isolation of highly virulent leptospira strains from wild rats in an urban area of fukuoka, japan. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis. the importance of urban leptospirosis is recognized in japan: urban rats carry pathogenic leptospires and people acquire these pathogens through contact with surface water or soil contaminated by the urine of the infected animals. to determine the current leptospira carriage rate in urban rats, 29 wild rats were trapped in the central area of fukuoka and strains isolated from their kidneys and urine analyzed. when semi-solid korthof's medium containing 0.1% ... | 2015 | 25890990 |
| leptospirosis in an urban setting: cases diagnosed at a private medical center of western colombia, 2008-2012. | leptospirosis has reemerged as significant threat particularly in developing countries, including those in latin america. data from colombia is still limited and there are no published studies in the western area of the country. | 2015 | 25873099 |
| leptospira interrogans reduces fibrin clot formation by modulating human thrombin activity via exosite i. | pathogenic bacteria of the genus leptospira are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, a disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. although there are an increasing number of studies on the biology of leptospira, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are not yet understood. we report in this work that leptospira interrogans fiocruz l1-130 virulent, m20 culture attenuated and the saprophyte l. biflexa patoc 1 strains do not bind prothrombin. leptospiral binding to thrombin was detected with th ... | 2015 | 25834144 |
| a rare case of leptospirosis with isolated lung involvement. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by a pathogenic spirochete "leptospira interrogans." severe form of leprospira infection is usually associated with jaundice and renal involvement, leading to major hemorrhagic complications. lung involvement can vary from subtle clinical features to deadly pulmonary hemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). we recently managed a case of leptospirosis with isolated lung involvement as alveolar hemorrhage and ards. our patient had acute febrile ... | 2015 | 25810615 |
| [adrian stokes and 'trench jaundice']. | on the day that great britain declared war on germany in 1914, the irish physician and bacteriologist adrian stokes travelled to london to volunteer. one week later he left for france with the first british troops as an officer with the royal army medical corps. he spent most of the first world war attached to no. 1 mobile bacteriological laboratory at the remy siding british-canadian field hospital in flanders. in april 1916, he was confronted with an outbreak of trench jaundice, also known as ... | 2015 | 25804113 |
| [leptospirosis percentage and related factors in patients having a presumptive diagnosis of dengue, 2010 -2012]. | using the microscopic agglutination test (mat) from 2010-2012 for identifying leptospirosis-related and sociodemographic variables in patients having a confirmed diagnosis of dengue and those for whom it had been discarded. | 2016 | 25791310 |
| effect of exposure to neospora caninum, salmonella, and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on the economic performance of irish dairy herds. | the objective of the current study was to quantify the effects of exposure to salmonella, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (l. hardjo) on dairy farm profitability and to simulate the effect of vaccination for salmonella and l. hardjo on dairy farm profitability. the production effects associated with exposure to each of these pathogens in study herds were defined under 3 categories: (1) milk production effects, (2) reproduction effects (including culling), and (3) mort ... | 2015 | 25704967 |
| antibodies to leptospira interrogans in goats and risk factors of the disease in santa catarina (west side), brazil. | leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium leptospira spp. in goats, the productive impact of leptospirosis is not well known and totally unknown in santa catarina (sc), brazil. this study aimed to investigate leptospirosis seroprevalence and its risk factors in goats in the west side of sc. a total of 654 blood samples were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination technique and 35.47% (232) of the animals were seropositives. except for serogroup autumnalis, positive samp ... | 2015 | 25687815 |
| gene inactivation of a chemotaxis operon in the pathogen leptospira interrogans. | chemotaxis may have an important role in the infection process of pathogenic leptospira spp.; however, little is known about the regulation of flagellar-based motility in these atypical bacteria. we generated a library of random transposon mutants of the pathogen l. interrogans, which included a mutant with insertion in the first gene of an operon containing the chemotaxis genes chea, chew, ched, cheb, chey and mcp. the disrupted gene encodes a putative histidine kinase (hk). the hk mutant was m ... | 2015 | 25673662 |
| the use of halloysite clay and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes for recombinant lipl32 antigen delivery enhanced the igg response. | we studied the feasibility of using halloysite clay nanotubes (hnts) and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cooh-mwcnts) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses against a recombinant lipl32 protein (rlipl32). immunisation using the hnts or cooh-mwcnts significantly increased the rlipl32-specific igg antibody titres (p < 0.05) of golden syrian hamsters. none of the vaccines tested conferred protection against a challenge using a virulent leptospira interrogans strain. ... | 2015 | 25626458 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with within-flock transmission of leptospira interrogans in transhumant farming systems in mexico. | a number of recent reports emphasize the risk of zoonotic diseases and the high degree of prevalence of asymptomatic animals infected with leptospira interrogans. this report sought to assess the prevalence of antibodies to certain serovars of l. interrogans, and to describe the association between seropositivity and risk factors associated with within-flock transmission in a mountainous region of mexico. overall seroprevalence to l. interrogans was 54·5% (95% confidence interval 48·3-60·7); the ... | 2015 | 25600318 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and clinical characterization of leptospira interrogans canine isolates. | canine leptospirosis occurs worldwide; however, information on the relationship between leptospira serotypes/genotypes and virulence in dogs remains limited. we investigated the molecular characteristics of leptospira interrogans canine isolates belonging to three serogroups using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) and the effects of each serotype/genotype on the clinical characteristics of leptospirosis in dogs. mlva using 11 loci of the three major l. interrogans sero ... | 2015 | 25596122 |
| [leptospirosis and thrombocytopenia]. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the spirochete leptospira interrogans. the spectrum of symptoms reported in leptospirosis is extremely broad. thrombocytopenia is common during the acute phase of leptospirosis but its pathophysiological mechanism remains not well defined. | 2015 | 25467300 |
| predominance of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava dna in vaginal fluid of mares suggests sexual transmission of leptospirosis. | the purpose of the present study was to detect the presence of dna of pathogenic leptospira sp. in vaginal fluids of mares regarding a possible role of the sexual transmission. a total of 134 breeding mares from four troops were studied and sampling was conducted from vaginal fluids and urine for culture and pcr; and blood for serology. from the 134 serum samples tested, 59 (44%) were seroreactive, and serovar bratislava was the most frequent (54.2%). none positive culture was obtained, but lept ... | 2014 | 25465903 |
| chpk and mazf of the toxin-antitoxin modules are involved in the virulence of leptospira interrogans during infection. | pathogenic leptospira species are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a global zoonotic infectious disease. toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules have been confirmed as stress-response elements that induce prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-growth arrest or death, but their role in the virulence of leptospira has not been reported. here, we confirmed that all the tested leptospiral strains had the chpik and mazef ta modules with highly-conserved sequences. the transcription and expression of the chpi, ch ... | 2015 | 25461800 |
| travel-related leptospirosis in japan: a report on a series of five imported cases diagnosed at the national center for global health and medicine. | leptospirosis is one of the most common travel-related infections. we report 5 cases of travel-related leptospirosis who presented at our clinic between january 2008 and december 2013. patients were included in the study if they presented with a clinical profile that was compatible with the disease within 21 days of their return from traveling, which were laboratory-diagnosed as leptospirosis by blood culture, rise in antibody titers in paired sera using the microscopic agglutination test (mat), ... | 2015 | 25459082 |
| carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling method to study the interaction between leptospira and macrophages. | leptospirosis, which is caused by pathogenic species of the genus leptospira, has emerged as one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world. the exact mechanism of pathogenesis remains unknown, and the interaction between leptospira and macrophages is not well understood. in this study, we report that carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cfda-se) can efficiently label different leptospira interrogans strains without affecting bacterial motility, viability, or virulence. fo ... | 2014 | 25455022 |
| efficacy of cefepime, ertapenem and norfloxacin against leptospirosis and for the clearance of pathogens in a hamster model. | animals and humans with severe leptospirosis may require empirical treatment. although many antibiotics are active against multiple leptospira serovars in vitro, their efficacy in vivo is limited. we evaluated the efficacy of cefepime (daily dose: 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), ertapenem (daily dose: 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and norfloxacin (daily dose: 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) for the treatment of leptospirosis and the ability to clear leptospira in target organs (liver, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen) in ... | 2014 | 25450882 |
| iron metabolism in hamsters experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona: influence on disease pathogenesis. | the aim of this study was to analyze the classic iron markers associated to the storage process in hamsters experimentally infected by leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. four groups with six hamsters each were used; two were negative controls (c7 and c14) and two were composed by infected animals (t7 and t14). blood samples were collected on the seventh (c7 and t7) and fourteenth days (c14 and t14) post-inoculation. iron availability was determined in sera samples through the assessment of i ... | 2014 | 25449998 |
| comparative genomic analysis of eight leptospira strains from japan and the philippines revealing the existence of four putative novel genomic islands/islets in l. interrogans serovar lai strain 56601. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases worldwide and can be considered an emerging health problem to both human and animal. despite the importance of the disease, complete genome sequences are currently available for only three leptospira interrogans strains: 56601, fiocruz l1-130, and ipav. therefore, intra- and inter-species comparative genomic analyses of leptospira are limited. here, to advance current knowledge of the genomic differences within leptospira species, nex ... | 2014 | 25449997 |
| genotypes of leptospira spp. strains isolated from dogs in buenos aires, argentina. | leptospirosis is an infectious disease of wide global distribution, which is endemic in argentina. the objective of this study was to obtain the genetic profiles of leptospira spp. strains isolated from clinical cases of dogs in the province of buenos aires by the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). eight isolated canine strains were genotyped by mlva, obtaining the identical profile of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola hond utrecht iv in the strains named dogy an ... | 2014 | 25444128 |
| the passive diffusion of leptospira interrogans. | motivated by recent experimental measurements, the passive diffusion of the bacterium leptospira interrogans is investigated theoretically. by approximating the cell shape as a straight helix and using the slender-body-theory approximation of stokesian hydrodynamics, the resistance matrix of leptospira is first determined numerically. the passive diffusion of the helical cell is then obtained computationally using a langevin formulation which is sampled in time in a manner consistent with the ex ... | 2014 | 25426593 |
| characterization of recombinant flagellin b protein from leptospira interrogans. | symptoms of the early phase leptospirosis often are non-specific and can be a major problem in making a diagnosis of febrile illnesses. rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis is of extreme importance, because antibiotic treatment provides greatest benefit when administered in early stage of the disease. recombinant flagellin b (flab) gene (flab) of leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain akiyami a was heterologously expressed and purified. the 35 kda recombinant flab was 99% similar to the re ... | 2014 | 25417509 |
| solution structure of a bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain of the outer membrane protein (ligb) from leptospira. | leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are surface proteins expressed in pathogenic strains of leptospira. ligb, an outer membrane protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial ig-like (big) domains and a no-repeat tail, has been identified as a virulence factor involved in adhesion of pathogenic leptospira interrogans to host cells. a big domain of ligb, ligbcen2r, was reported previously to bind the gbd domain of fibronectin, suggesting its important role in leptospiral infections. in ... | 2015 | 25393078 |
| risk factors associated with prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans in a metapopulation of black-tailed prairie dogs in mexico. | interest in the study of infectious diseases of wildlife has grown in recent decades and now focuses on understanding host-parasite dynamics and factors involved in disease occurrence. the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) is a useful species for this type of investigation because it lives in heterogeneous landscapes where human activities take place, and its populations are structured as a metapopulation. our goal was to determine if colony area, density, and proximity to human se ... | 2015 | 25380365 |
| atcc 43642 replaces atcc 23581 as the type strain of leptospira interrogans (stimson 1907) wenyon 1926. opinion 91. judicial commission of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes. | the judicial commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the type strain of leptospira interrogans (stimson 1907) wenyon 1926 designated on the approved lists of bacterial names (atcc 23581) has been shown not to represent an authentic culture of strain rga (a member of the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) and atcc 43642, derived from an authentic strain of strain rga, a member of the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, is designated the type strain of leptospira interrogans (stimson ... | 2014 | 25288661 |
| comparative subproteome analysis of three representative leptospira interrogans vaccine strains reveals cross-reactive antigens and novel virulence determinants. | pathogenic leptospira spp. causes leptospirosis in china and throughout the world. here, we have sequenced two l. interrogans moderately virulent vaccine strains jdl03 (serovar canicola) and jdl10 (serovar hebdomadis) used in china. we selected a subproteomic approach to identify surface-exposed proteins including omps and extracellular proteins of these two strains plus a highly virulent vaccine strain 56601 (serovar lai). comparative surface-exposed proteome among the three strains indicated 8 ... | 2015 | 25201075 |
| leptospirosis in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic infection worldwide, possibly due to climate change and demographic shifts. it is regarded as endemic in sub-saharan africa; however, for most countries scarce epidemiological data, if any, exist. the primary objectives were to describe the prevalence of leptospirosis in countries in sub-saharan africa, and to develop options for prevention and control in the future. | 2014 | 25197035 |
| leptospira interrogans induces uterine inflammatory responses and abnormal expression of extracellular matrix proteins in dogs. | leptospira interrogans (l. interrogans), a worldwide zoonosis, infect humans and animals. in dogs, four syndromes caused by leptospirosis have been identified: icteric, hemorrhagic, uremic (stuttgart disease) and reproductive (abortion and premature or weak pups), and also it caused inflammation. extracellular matrix (ecm) is a complex mixture of matrix molecules that is crucial to the reproduction. both inflammatory response and ecm are closed relative to reproductive. the aim of this study was ... | 2014 | 25153777 |
| a comprehensive insight into bacterial virulence in drinking water using 454 pyrosequencing and illumina high-throughput sequencing. | in order to comprehensively investigate bacterial virulence in drinking water, 454 pyrosequencing and illumina high-throughput sequencing were used to detect potential pathogenic bacteria and virulence factors (vfs) in a full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution system. 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing revealed high bacterial diversity in the drinking water (441-586 operational taxonomic units). bacterial diversity decreased after chlorine disinfection, but increased after pipeline distri ... | 2014 | 25129220 |
| heme-iron utilization by leptospira interrogans requires a heme oxygenase and a plastidic-type ferredoxin-nadp(+) reductase. | heme oxygenase catalyzes the conversion of heme to iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin employing oxygen and reducing equivalents. this enzyme is essential for heme-iron utilization and contributes to virulence in leptospira interrogans. | 2014 | 25092651 |
| leptospira and leptospirosis in china. | in this review, we introduce the epidemiological features, clinical types, laboratory diagnosis, and routine surveillance of leptospirosis in china. | 2014 | 25061933 |
| leptospira-rat-human relationship in luzon, philippines. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection that is caused by the pathogenic species of leptospira. rats are the most important reservoirs of these organisms. our study aimed to characterize leptospira isolates from humans and rats and elucidate the leptospira-rat-human relationship in luzon, philippines. forty strains were isolated from humans and rats. the isolates were confirmed to be leptospira and pathogenic through rrl- and flab-pcr, respectively. around 73% of the isolates were found to be leth ... | 2014 | 25048015 |
| weil's disease (leptospirosis) manifesting as fulminant hepatic failure: report of an autopsy case. | we report an autopsy case of a 60-year-old man with weil's disease who died of fulminant hepatic failure. ante-mortem blood culture yielded the growth of leptospira interrogans (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae). at autopsy, the liver weighed 1210 g and showed a typical appearance of "acute yellow liver atrophy". zone 3 (centrilobular region) showed submassive necrosis of hepatocytes accompanied by marked hemorrhage. hepatocytes in zones 1 and 2 were well preserved, and the leptospira antigen was imm ... | 2014 | 24997567 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans hardjoprajitno from vaginal fluid of a clinically healthy ewe suggests potential for venereal transmission. | a total of 15 adult ewes from one flock known to be seroreactive for leptospirosis was studied. urine and vaginal fluid were collected from each animal to test for the presence of leptospires using bacterial culture and conventional pcr methods. one pure culture of leptospira sp. was obtained from the vaginal fluid sample of a non-pregnant ewe. the isolate was characterized by dna sequencing of the rrs and secy genes, variable-number of tandem-repeats (vntr) analysis and serogrouping, and the is ... | 2014 | 24934563 |
| molecular identification of the ompl1 gene within leptospira interrogans standard serovars. | leptospirosis, caused by infection with pathogenic leptospira species, is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in the world. current leptospiral vaccines are mainly multivalent dead whole-cell mixtures made of several local dominant serovars. therefore, design and construction of an efficient recombinant vaccine for leptospirosis control is very important. ompl1 is an immunogenic porin protein that could be of special significance in vaccination and serodiagnosis for leptospirosis. | 2014 | 24916865 |
| re-characterization of an extrachromosomal circular plasmid in the pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601. | in china, leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601 (str.56601) is one of main pathogenic strains that cause severe leptospirosis in both human and animals. the genome of this organism was completely sequenced in 2003. however, in 2011, we identified and corrected some assembly errors in the str.56601 genome due to the repeat sequences widely distributed in the leptospira genome. in this study, we re-analyzed the previously reported mobile, phage-related genomic island in the chromosome an ... | 2014 | 24874103 |
| use of pcr to identify leptospira in kidneys of big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) in kansas and nebraska, usa. | bats have been implicated as potential carriers of leptospira as a result of surveys, mostly in australia and south america. we measured the prevalence of pathogenic leptospires in kidneys of bats from kansas and nebraska. from 7 august 2012 to 21 august 2012, we extracted dna from kidneys of 98 big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) submitted and found negative for rabies. the dna was processed in a two-step, seminested pcr assay with a dual-labeled taqman probe specific for pathogenic leptospires. ... | 2014 | 24807182 |
| isolation of leptospira from a phocid: acute renal failure and mortality from leptospirosis in rehabilitated northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), california, usa. | during rehabilitation, acute renal failure due to leptospirosis occurred in eight male northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) that stranded along the central california coast in 2011. characteristic histologic lesions including renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and mineralization, and mild lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis were noted in the six animals examined. immunohistochemistry, bacterial culture, and pcr were positive in 2/3, 2/3, and 3/4 seals, respectively, and 6/8 ... | 2014 | 24807176 |
| seasonal prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans in antillean manatees from a landlocked lake in tabasco, mexico. | factors that alter the dynamics of ecologic systems can influence transmission of infectious diseases and may lead to decreases in natural populations. leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan disease of zoonotic importance that affects most mammals. at the southern gulf of mexico, antillean manatees (trichechus manatus manatus) inhabit highly variable environments, with extended floods during the rainy season and drought conditions during the dry season that affect food availability and the thermal envi ... | 2014 | 24779468 |
| management practices as risk factors for the presence of bulk milk antibodies to salmonella, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in irish dairy herds. | a survey of management practices in 309 irish dairy herds was used to identify risk factors for the presence of antibodies to salmonella, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in extensively managed unvaccinated dairy herds. a previous study documented a herd-level seroprevalence in bulk milk of 49%, 19% and 86% for salmonella, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, respectively in the unvaccinated proportion of these 309 herds in 2009. association analy ... | 2014 | 24661904 |
| leptospiral outer membrane protein lmb216 is involved in enhancement of phagocytic uptake by macrophages. | leptospira interrogans is responsible for the zoonotic disease leptospirosis. the pathogenic mechanisms of this spirochaete remain poorly understood; however, virulence has been correlated with increased phagocytic uptake and survival within macrophages. leptospiral outer membrane proteins are thought to be responsible for persistence in vivo via interaction with specific host components. in this study, we analysed the transcriptional profile of a virulent strain and its culture-attenuated deriv ... | 2014 | 24655538 |
| molecular serovar characterization of leptospira isolates from animals and water in colombia. | leptospirosis is a bacterial disease transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans that may result in severe hemorrhagic, hepatic/renal and pulmonary disease. there are 20 known leptospira species and hundreds of serovars, some of which belong to different species. it is essential to identify pathogenic leptospira serovars and their potential reservoirs to prepare adequate control strategies. | 2013 | 24652261 |
| human leptospirosis: an emerging risk in europe? | leptospirosis has been reemerging in both developed and developing countries including europe, where, this phenomenon has notably been associated with urban transmission. however, the comprehensive data that are needed to fully understand the ongoing epidemiological trends are lacking. in this article, we report surveillance data from throughout europe, especially in france, to have an overview of this neglected disease in temperate countries. our results underline the important role of wild rod ... | 2014 | 24388481 |
| immunomodulatory treatment with thalidomide in experimental leptospirosis in golden syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). | the benefit of antibiotics in leptospirosis is limited when treatment is started four days after symptoms appear, and new adjuvant therapeutic options are urgently needed. | 2014 | 24361944 |
| usefulness of real-time pcr assay targeting lipl32 gene for diagnosis of human leptospirosis in uruguay. | assays based on dna amplification can provide information that contributes to the initial management of patients with leptospirosis. however, these have not been adopted in uruguay. our aim was to evaluate the performance of the lipl32 real-time pcr (qpcr) for diagnosis of leptospirosis. | 2013 | 24334940 |
| identification of collagenase as a critical virulence factor for invasiveness and transmission of pathogenic leptospira species. | leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease. transmission of leptospira from animals to humans occurs through contact with water contaminated with leptospire-containing urine of infected animals. however, the molecular basis for the invasiveness of leptospira and transmission of leptospirosis remains unknown. | 2014 | 24277745 |
| differential response of orthologous l,l-diaminopimelate aminotransferases (dapl) to enzyme inhibitory antibiotic lead compounds. | l,l-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (dapl) is an enzyme required for the biosynthesis of meso-diaminopimelate (m-dap) and l-lysine (lys) in some bacteria and photosynthetic organisms. m-dap and lys are both involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan (pg) and protein synthesis. dapl is found in specific eubacterial and archaeal lineages, in particular in several groups of pathogenic bacteria such as leptospira interrogans (lidapl), the soil/water bacterium verrucomicrobium spinosum (vsdapl) and ... | 2014 | 24268540 |
| leptospirosis in pigs, dogs, rodents, humans, and water in an area of the colombian tropics. | leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of global distribution and is one of the causes of hemorrhagic fevers in the tropics. we sought to determine seroprevalence in humans and animals and isolate leptospira interrogans sensu lato in domestic animals, rodents, and water sources. the study was conducted in a tropical area of the middle sinú in cordoba, colombia. in a prospective descriptive study, we collected blood and urine from pigs and dogs, sera from rural human workers, sera and kidney mace ... | 2014 | 24254419 |
| the serological response of working farm dogs to a vaccine containing leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and pomona, and l. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo. | to evaluate the serological response in dogs to a commercial vaccine for use in cattle containing cultured strains of leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and pomona, and l. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo. | 2014 | 24228620 |
| enzymatic characterization of a type ii isocitrate dehydrogenase from pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601. | leptospira interrogans, a gram-negative pathogen, could cause infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, but due to their fastidious cultivation requirements and the lack of genetic systems, the pathogenic factor is still not clear. isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylation (tca) cycle, which could have an important impact on the growth and pathogenesis of the bacteria. in the present study, we first report the cloning, heterologous expression, and detailed cha ... | 2014 | 24092452 |
| molecular characterization, serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility profile of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni isolates from brazil. | leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae is the major serogroup infecting humans worldwide, and rodents and dogs are the most significant transmission sources in urban environments. knowledge of the prevalent serovars and their maintenance hosts is essential to understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis. in this study, 20 leptospira isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), variable number tandem-repeat analysis (vntr), serotyping, and determination of ant ... | 2013 | 24054736 |
| a new tetravalent canine leptospirosis vaccine provides at least 12 months immunity against infection. | a key success factor in the vaccination of dogs against leptospirosis is long term protection against establishment of the renal carrier state, in order to protect other dogs, as well as humans, against this re-emerging zoonotic disease. in this paper, we describe the ability of a new european tetravalent vaccine containing antigen from leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, grippotyphosa and australis to control infection and renal excretion in dogs at 12 ... | 2014 | 24054091 |
| [renal manifestations of leptospirosis: 88 cases]. | this prospective study analyzes 173 patients, hospitalized between january 1, 2005, and december 31, 2008, for serologically confirmed leptospirosis. it describes the renal, clinical and laboratory manifestations in 88 (50.8%) of these cases. acute kidney failure was frequent in this group (68 cases = 77.3%). kidney damage was one of the multiple organs affected, with infection and hepatic and hemorrhagic signs predominant. | 2013 | 24001652 |
| [leptospirosis epidemic: 48 cases]. | the epidemic reported here took place from november 30, 2006, through january 3, 2007, in a rural area of tala-athmane and led to the hospitalization of 48 patients with leptospirosis. it was due to the proximity of homes to two uncontrolled garbage dumps invaded by rodents. all 48 hospitalized cases were confirmed serologically, and more than 60% were serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. more than 14.5% of the patients were contaminated during occupational exposure. the authors describe the clinical ... | 2013 | 24001651 |
| development of leptospira in vitro potency assays: eu/industry experience and perspectives. | nobivac® lepto (msd animal health) is a non-adjuvanted canine leptospirosis vaccine containing inactivated whole cells of leptospira interrogans serogroup canicola serovar portlandvere and l. interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar copenhageni. the current standard in vivo potency test is a hamster challenge test associated with major drawbacks such as animal suffering and poor reproducibility. here, the quantification of antigenic mass by elisa as a new in vitro potency test is descri ... | 2013 | 23867758 |
| leptospirosis in fox squirrels (sciurus niger) of larimer county, colorado, usa. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium leptospira interrogans. the organism is typically maintained within a geographic region by colonizing renal tubules of carrier animals and shed into the environment in urine. we assessed whether l. interrogans was present in fox squirrels (sciurus niger) in larimer county, colorado, usa, and whether it is associated with disease. twenty-two squirrels were trapped from 29 november 2011 to 15 december 2011 for use in an unrelated study. t ... | 2013 | 23778614 |
| haemoglobin and red cell counts in leptospirosis patients infected with different serovars. | the aim of the study was to compare haemoglobin and red cell counts between patients known to be infected with a range of leptospiral serovars. | 2013 | 23740067 |
| chemogenomics profiling of drug targets of peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway in leptospira interrogans by virtual screening approaches. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis of global concern caused by leptospira interrogans. the availability of ligand libraries has facilitated the search for novel drug targets using chemogenomics approaches, compared with the traditional method of drug discovery, which is time consuming and yields few leads with little intracellular information for guiding target selection. recent subtractive genomics studies have revealed the putative drug targets in peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathways in lept ... | 2013 | 23676922 |
| leptospira interrogans at the human-wildlife interface in northern botswana: a newly identified public health threat. | leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. in northern botswana, humans live in close proximity to a diversity of wildlife and peridomestic rodents and may be exposed to a variety of zoonotic pathogens. little is known regarding the occurrence and epidemiology of l. interrogans in africa despite the recognized global importance of this zoonotic disease and the threat it poses to public health. in botswana, banded mongooses (mungos mungo) live in close proximity to humans across ... | 2014 | 23672285 |
| evaluation of the elastinolytic activity and protective effect of leptallo i, a protein composed by metalloprotease and fa5/8c domains, from leptospira interrogans copenhageni. | leptospirosis is a re-emergent zoonosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes from the genus lepstospira. to date, there is no protein described to be involved in leptospiral hemorrhagic manifestations, although several proteases have been reported for other bacterial infections. in this study we identified 12 putative metalloproteases from the genome of leptospira interrogans, and characterized for the first time a putative metalloprotease, here named leptallo i, as a potential zn(2+) dependent gly ... | 2013 | 23665291 |
| [prokaryotic expression of leptospira interrogans groel gene and immunoprotection of its products in hamsters]. | to construct a prokaryotic expression system of groel gene of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagia serovar lai strain lai, and to determine the immunoprotective effect of recombinant groel protein (rgroel) in lvg hamsters. | 2013 | 23585002 |
| [expression changes of major outer membrane protein antigens in leptospira interrogans during infection and its mechanism]. | to determine expression changes of major outer membrane protein(omp) antigens of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai strain lai during infection of human macrophages and its mechanism. | 2013 | 23585001 |
| detection of reactive canines to leptospira in campeche city, mexico. | leptospira reactivity in stray and household dogs in campeche as well as associated risk factors to the seropositivity in household dogs have been herein determined. the survey included 323 dogs, 142 of which were stray dogs and 181 household dogs. nine leptospira interrogans serovars were tested by the microagglutination test. reactivity was 21.3 % (69/323), 17.2 % corresponded to household dogs and 26.7 % to stray dogs. leptospira canicola (29 %), leptospira hardjo (22.58 %), and leptospira ic ... | 2013 | 23560786 |
| p53 signalling controls cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptosis in macrophages infected with pathogenic leptospira species. | pathogenic leptospira species, the causative agents of leptospirosis, have been shown to induce macrophage apoptosis through caspase-independent, mitochondrion-related apoptosis inducing factor (aif) and endonuclease g (endog), but the signalling pathway leading to aif/endog-based macrophage apoptosis remains unknown. here we show that infection of leptospira interrogans caused a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ros), dna damage, and intranuclear foci of 53bp1 and phosphorylation of h2 ... | 2013 | 23521874 |
| molecular characterization of virulent leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae isolated from cavia aperea. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection caused by pathogenic leptospira. synanthropic rodents are recognized carriers of leptospires; however, the role of wild rodents in the epidemiology of the disease is still incipient. in this work, we describe leptospira strain isolated from cavia aperea (brazilian guinea pig). the isolated strain was characterized by partial rpob gene sequencing, variable-number tandem-repeats and histopathological analysis. the strain was identified as leptospira ... | 2013 | 23435256 |
| asymptomatic and chronic carriage of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | since 1970, periodic outbreaks of leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes in the genus leptospira, have caused morbidity and mortality of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) along the pacific coast of north america. yearly seasonal epizootics of varying magnitude occur between the months of july and december, with major epizootics occurring every 3-5 years. genetic and serological data suggest that leptospira interrogans serovar pomona is the infecting serovar and is enzootic i ... | 2013 | 23419822 |
| para-(benzoyl)-phenylalanine as a potential inhibitor against lpxc of leptospira spp.: homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics study. | leptospira interrogans, a gram-negative bacterial pathogen is the main cause of human leptospirosis. lipid a is a highly immunoreactive endotoxic center of lipopolysaccharide (lps) that anchors lps into the outer membrane of leptospira. discovery of compounds inhibiting lipid-a biosynthetic pathway would be promising for dissolving the structural integrity of membrane leading to cell lysis and death of leptospira. lpxc, a unique enzyme of lipid-a biosynthetic pathway was identified as common dru ... | 2014 | 23383626 |
| first isolation of leptospira interrogans from lycalopex griseus (south american gray fox) in argentina shows new mlva genotype. | to identify carriers of leptospira spp. in argentina, wild animals were trapped in buenos aires province during three nights, capturing 12 didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum), six chaetophractus villosus (big hairy armadillo), five lycalopex griseus (south american gray fox), and two conepatus chinga (molina's hog-nosed skunk). all were tested by microscopic agglutination test, and five (two gray foxes, two armadillos, and one skunk) were positive for leptospira interrogans serovars cani ... | 2013 | 23307384 |
| in vivo gene expression and immunoreactivity of leptospira collagenase. | pulmonary hemorrhage is an increasing cause of death of leptospirosis patients. bacterial collagenase has been shown to be involved in lung hemorrhage induced by various infectious agents. according to leptospira whole genome study, cola, a gene suggested to code for bacterial collagenase has been identified. we investigated cola gene expression in lung tissues of leptospira infected hamsters. golden syrian hamsters were injected intraperitoneally with leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes. t ... | 2013 | 23305770 |
| effect of osmolarity and viscosity on the motility of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira. | the motility of bacteria is an important factor in their infectivity. in this study, the motility of leptospira, a member of the spirochete family that causes a zoonotic disease known as leptospirosis, was analyzed in different viscous or osmotic conditions. motility assays revealed that both pathogenic and saprophytic strains increase their swimming speeds with increasing viscosity. however, only pathogenic leptospira interrogans maintained vigorous motility near physiological osmotic condition ... | 2013 | 23278547 |
| cluster of leptospirosis cases among military personnel in rio de janeiro, brazil. | we report two cases of leptospirosis in military personnel in southeastern brazil. the cases were hospitalized following field training exercises, and presented with acute meningoencephalitis, respiratory illnesses, and skin rash. leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, hebdomadis, patoc, and cynopteri were identified in the cases by microscopic agglutination test and pcr. | 2013 | 23195639 |
| molecular typing of leptospira interrogans strains isolated from rattus tanezumi in guizhou province, southwest of china. | to identify and type three leptospires isolated from rattus tanezumi in guizhou province by using three molecular techniques (pfge, mlva, and mlst), reveal the molecular characteristic of causative agents of local leptospirosis and evaluate these three molecular methods based on their detection resolution and efficiency. | 2012 | 23122311 |
| temporal trends in bulk milk antibodies to salmonella, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in irish dairy herds. | bulk milk samples were collected from 309 irish dairy herds at four time points during 2009 and tested for antibodies to salmonella spp., n. caninum, and l. hardjo, three abortifacient agents in irish dairy herds. of the 312 study herds, 49% vaccinated against salmonella and 76% vaccinated against l. hardjo. in unvaccinated herds, the overall prevalence of antibody positive herds was 49% for salmonella, 19% for n. caninum and 86% for l. hardjo. there was no association between both testing posit ... | 2013 | 23117041 |
| in vivo cell aggregations of a recent swine biofilm-forming isolate of leptospira interrogans strain from argentina. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis of ubiquitous distribution caused by spirochetes. leptospires exist either as saprophytic water-associated organisms or as animal pathogens that can survive in water. previous works have demonstrated that both saprophytic and pathogenic leptospires are able to produce functional biofilms, which consist of a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. this structure is believed to provide protection from environmental aggressiveness ... | 2012 | 23102459 |
| leptospira interrogans shotgun phage display identified ligb as a heparin-binding protein. | ligb is an adhesin from pathogenic leptospira that is able to bind to extracellular matrix and is considered a virulence factor. a shotgun phage display genomic library was constructed and used for panning against heparan sulfate proteoglycan (hspg). a phage clone encoding part of ligb protein was selected in panning experiments and showed specific binding to heparin. to validate the selected clone, fragments of ligb were produced as recombinant proteins and showed affinity to heparin and to mam ... | 2012 | 23044419 |
| coiled to diffuse: brownian motion of a helical bacterium. | we employ real-time three-dimensional confocal microscopy to follow the brownian motion of a fixed helically shaped leptospira interrogans (li) bacterium. we extract from our measurements the translational and the rotational diffusion coefficients of this bacterium. a simple theoretical model is suggested, perfectly reproducing the experimental diffusion coefficients, with no tunable parameters. an older theoretical model, where edge effects are neglected, dramatically underestimates the observe ... | 2012 | 22891749 |
| a combined approach of vntr and mlst analysis: improving molecular typing of argentinean isolates of leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease that has been identified as both a human and animal health problem worldwide. regular outbreaks associated with specific risk factors have been reported in argentina. however, there are no available data concerning the genetic population level for this pathogen. therefore, the aim of this work was to describe the genetic diversity of leptospira interrogans through the application of two molecular typing strategies: variable number of tandem repeats ... | 2012 | 22850955 |
| synthesis, leptospirocidal activity and qsar analysis of novel quinoxaline derivatives. | a simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of series of n-mannich bases of (e)-3- (phenylimino/4-chlorophenylimino)-2,3-dihydro-1-[(n-substituted piperazinyl) methyl]quinoxaline-2-(1h)-one 3a-f and 4a-f. the requisite 2a and 2b were obtained by reaction between quinoxaline-2,3-dione 1 and aniline/p-chloroaniline. these compounds underwent nmannich reaction with various substituted piperazines to yield (title compounds 3a-f and 4a-f respectively. structures of synthesized ... | 2013 | 22779788 |
| reactivity of heat-stable leptospira antigenic preparation used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies in swine serum. | serology plays an important role in laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis. apart from the most often used microscopic agglutination test (mat), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) seems to be useful especially in screenings of animal herds. the elisa used for detection of antibodies against selected leptospira serogroups in swine serum samples was investigated during the study. an essential element of this test is heat-stable antigenic preparation from cultures of leptospira interrogans se ... | 2012 | 22708354 |
| molecular and serological characterization of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola isolated from dogs, swine, and bovine in brazil. | the identification of leptospira clinical isolates through genotyping and serotyping, besides the recognition of its reservoirs, are important tools for understanding the epidemiology of leptospirosis, and they are also keys for identifying new species and serovars. fourteen clinical isolates from animals were characterized by means of single enzyme amplified length polymorphism, variable number of tandem repeat analysis, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and serotyping. all isolates were identi ... | 2013 | 22610538 |
| recovery of leptospires from miniature pigs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain up-mmc under immunosuppressive conditions by dexamethasone. | leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain up-mmc was inoculated into miniature pigs to assess its pathogenicity. leptospires were recovered from the whole blood, kidneys, and livers in the acute phase without showing any clinical signs. under immunosuppressive conditions by dexamethasone, leptospires were recovered from the kidneys and their genes were detected from the urine in the chronic phase. these results indicate that leptospires persisted in the kidneys until the chronic phase, and e ... | 2012 | 22446397 |
| the prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in free roaming cats in worcester county, massachusetts. | serosurveys of cats for exposure to or infection with leptospires have been published from other geographic areas, but none for cats in the united states in the past 4 decades. | 2016 | 22390370 |
| induction of tnf-alfa and cxcl-2 mrnas in different organs of mice infected with pathogenic leptospira. | the role of innate immune response in protection against leptospirosis is poorly understood. we examined the expression of the chemokine cxcl2/mip-2 and the cytokine tnf-α in experimental resistant and susceptible mice models, c3h/hej, c3h/hepas and balb/c strains, using a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. animals were infected intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells and the development of the disease was followed. mortality of c3h/hej mice was observed whereas c3h/hepas ... | 2012 | 22342618 |
| the mammalian cell entry (mce) protein of pathogenic leptospira species is responsible for rgd motif-dependent infection of cells and animals. | mammalian cell entry proteins (mces) contribute to mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. a mce homologue has been identified in the leptospira interrogans genome, but its function was unknown. we showed that the mce gene is expressed only by pathogenic leptospira strains tested. leptospiral mce mrna and mce protein levels increased during infection of macrophages. the ability to infect macrophages was significantly lower in a strain with the mce gene deleted (mce(-) ). complementation of the mce ... | 2012 | 22329803 |
| downregulation of the na/k-atpase pump by leptospiral glycolipoprotein activates the nlrp3 inflammasome. | leptospira interrogans is responsible for a zoonotic disease known to induce severe kidney dysfunction and inflammation. in this work, we demonstrate that l. interrogans induces nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent secretion of il-1β through the alteration of potassium transport in bone marrow-derived macrophages. lysosome destabilization also contributed to the il-1β production upon stimulation with live, but not dead, bacteria. using bone marrow-derived macrophages from various tlrs and nucleotide-bin ... | 2012 | 22323544 |
| comparison of two pcr methods for detection of leptospira interrogans in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. | in this study we compared two polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods using either 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) or 23s rrna gene primers for the detection of different leptospira interrogans serovars. the performance of these two methods was assessed using dna extracted from bovine tissues previously inoculated with several bacterial suspensions. pcr was performed on the same tissues before and after the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedding procedure (ffpe tissues). the 23s rdna pcr detected all fresh ... | 2012 | 22310540 |
| [preservation for vaccinal strains of leptospira at liquid nitrogen]. | leptospira interrogans strains of cuban vaccine vax-spiral are preserved in fletcher's semi-solid medium, which guarantees the preservation of the cell viability for a few months. | 2013 | 23431625 |
| [application of multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) on molecular typing of leptospira interrogans]. | | 2010 | 22997605 |
| small intestinal intussusception in five dogs with acute renal failure and suspected leptospirosis (l. australis). | this case series describes 5 dogs with small intestinal intussusception and acute kidney injury due to infection with leptospira interrogans serovar australis. | 2009 | 25164636 |
| leptospira interrogans survey by pcr in wild rodents coming from different urban areas of palermo, italy. | dna extracted from the kidneys of rodents captured in different urban areas of palermo, italy, had been analysed for the presence of pathogenic l. interrogans sensu latu dna. pcr analysis had shown that in rodents captured close to green areas and small river up to 40 % animals give positive pcr results. not many cases of human leptospirosis are reported in sicilian island in which hot season is usually dry. but considering climate change toward subtropical aspect in sicily, with hot humid summe ... | 2013 | 23427420 |
| serology and protein electrophoresis for evidence of exposure to 12 mink pathogens in free-ranging american mink (neovison vison) in argentina. | basic pathologic characteristics for farmed minks were previously reported worldwide. however, its status in the wild has not been studied in detail. | 2017 | 28635524 |
| anti-erythrocyte igg in hamsters with acute experimental infection by leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of erythrocyte and platelet, as immunological markers, as well as evaluate the involvement of these factors in hemolytic and hemorrhagic reactions in hamsters experimentally infected by leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. our experimental design was composed by two randomized groups: infected group (ig) (n = 12) and control group (cg) (n = 6). ninety-six hours after the inoculation, the presence of immunoglobulins (igg and igm) and compleme ... | 2017 | 28648625 |
| development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. | this study was taken up to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) for screening antibodies against leptospira spp. in canines. | 2017 | 28620258 |
| high-resolution melting curve analysis of the 16s ribosomal gene to detect and identify pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira species in colombian isolates. | abstractit is important to identify the circulating leptospira agent to enhance the performance of serodiagnostic tests by incorporating specific antigens of native species, develop vaccines that take into account the species/serovars circulating in different regions, and optimize prevention and control strategies. the objectives of this study were to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-high-resolution melting (hrm) assay for differentiating between species of the genus leptospira and to v ... | 2017 | 28500802 |
| evidence of infection with leptospira interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae among rodents in an urban area of osaka city, japan. | we examined 33 rodents captured in an urban area of osaka city, japan for igg antibodies against seoul virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, hepatitis e virus, leptospira interrogans, yersinia pestis, spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus group rickettsiae. we found that 3 (9.1%) and 1 (3.0%) of the 33 rodents had antibodies against l. interrogans and spotted fever group rickettsiae, respectively. dnas of leptospires were detected from 2 of the 3 seropositive rodents, but dn ... | 2017 | 28529271 |