| persistence of the efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against haemonchus contortus in grazing south african goats. | a study was conducted to examine the duration of anthelmintic effect of copper oxide wire particles (cowp) in grazing goats, as data for the persistence of efficacy of cowp in this host species is limited. forty-eight indigenous male goats were infected naturally by grazing them on haemonchus contortus-infected pasture. when the faecal egg count (fec) in the goats was 3179 ± 540 eggs per gram of faeces (mean ± standard error), half the animals were treated with 4 g cowp (day 0; mean live weight= ... | 2012 | 22789299 |
| genetic diversity patterns of haemonchus placei and haemonchus contortus populations isolated from domestic ruminants in brazil. | parasitic nematodes of the genus haemonchus infect a range of ruminant hosts and are of major veterinary and economic importance. in this study, the genetic variability of seven isolates of haemonchus placei and haemonchus contortus was evaluated using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit i and the nuclear gene b-tubulin isotype 1. a total of 156 specimens were obtained from cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo herds raised on commercial properties from the southern and southeastern regi ... | 2012 | 22787588 |
| the soluble proteome phenotypes of ivermectin resistant and ivermectin susceptible haemonchus contortus females compared. | anthelmintics in the absence of vaccines have underpinned a parasite control strategy for over 50 years. however, the continued development of anthelmintic resistance (ar) threatens this control. measuring early ar is difficult as there many routes that resistance can arise from within multi-nematode populations operating complex metabolism capabilities coupled to different drug management pressures. there is an urgent need to identify and measure early resistance in the field situation. proteom ... | 2012 | 22785129 |
| vaccination of goats with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase dna vaccine induced partial protection against haemonchus contortus. | owing to its critical functions in worm physiology, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in haemonchus contortus (hcgapdh) is potential candidates for vaccine to control haemonchosis. in this study, dna vaccine expressing hcgapdh antigen was tested for protection against experimental h. contortus infections in goats. fifteen goats (9-10 months of age) were allocated into three trial groups. group 1 was vaccinated with hcgapdh dna vaccine twice on days 0 and 14, and then challenged with 5000 ... | 2012 | 22771197 |
| immune responses in sheep naturally infected with oestrus ovis (diptera: oestridae) and gastrointestinal nematodes. | this study was carried out to evaluate the immune response in young ile de france (if) and santa ines (si) sheep naturally infected by oestrus ovis and gastrointestinal nematodes (gin). mast cells, eosinophils and globule leucocytes were enumerated in the upper respiratory tract (septum, middle meatus and ventral nasal conchae) and in the mucosa of abomasum and small intestine. immunoglobulin g (igg) levels in serum samples and immunoglobulin a (iga) levels in mucus from the nasal, abomasum and ... | 2012 | 22770703 |
| a genome scan for qtl affecting resistance to haemonchus contortus in sheep. | gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the main health issues in sheep breeding. to identify loci affecting the resistance to haemonchus contortus, a genome scan was carried out using 1,275 romane × martinik black belly backcross lambs. the entire population was challenged with haemonchus contortus in 2 consecutive experimental infections, and fecal egg counts (fec) and packed cell volumes were measured. a subgroup of 332 lambs with extreme fec was necropsied to determine the total worm burden, l ... | 2012 | 22767094 |
| the metabolism of flubendazole and the activities of selected biotransformation enzymes in haemonchus contortus strains susceptible and resistant to anthelmintics. | haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic parasites of small ruminants (e.g. sheep and goat). the treatment of haemonchosis is complicated because of recurrent resistance of h. contortus to common anthelmintics. the aim of this study was to compare the metabolism of the anthelmintic drug flubendazole (flu) and the activities of selected biotransformation enzymes towards model xenobiotics in 4 different strains of h. contortus: the ise strain (susceptible to common anthelmintics), ise-s ... | 2012 | 22717022 |
| in vitro anthelmintic activity of five tropical legumes on the exsheathment and motility of haemonchus contortus infective larvae. | this study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic (ah) activity of five tropical legume plants [arachis pintoi ciat 22160 (a.p. 22160), gliricidia sepium, cratylia argentea (c.a. yacapani), c. argentea ciat 22386 (c.a. 22386), c. argentea veranera (c.a. veranera)] against haemonchus contortus infective larvae and the role of tannins/polyphenolic compounds in the ah effect. lyophilized leaf extracts of each plant were evaluated using the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (leia) and the larval ... | 2012 | 22652531 |
| correlates of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in nigerian west african dwarf sheep. | to investigate correlates of resistance to gi nematode infection in nigerian west african dwarf (wad) sheep. | 2012 | 22647814 |
| in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of euphorbia helioscopia l. | the anthelmintic potentials of the aqueous and methanol extracts of euphorbia helioscopia were investigated. in folklore medicine, e. helioscopia (euphorbiaceae) is used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal ailments and diseases. a worm motility inhibition (wmi) assay and egg hatch assay (eha) were used for in vitro assessment, and a faecal egg count reduction (fecr) assay was used for an in vivo study. the in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic extracts of e. h ... | 2012 | 22633018 |
| is the micro-agar larval development test reliable enough to detect ivermectin resistance? | to aid the diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance, a range of in vivo and in vitro techniques have been developed. amongst in vitro techniques, the larval development test is the most widely employed. six lambs were infected with susceptible (three) and ivermectin-resistant (three) isolates of haemonchus contortus. the micro-agar larval development test (maldt) was able to easily distinguish between susceptible and resistant isolates. different proportions of resistant and susceptible eggs were su ... | 2012 | 22581298 |
| in vivo anthelmintic activity of phytolacca icosandra against haemonchus contortus in goats. | the in vivo anthelmintic (ah) activity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of phytolacca icosandra was evaluated in goats artificially infected with haemonchus contortus. parasite naïve goats were artificially infected with 3000 h. contortus infective larvae per animal. once the infection was patent (day 28 post-infection) all the animals were sampled to determine the faecal egg counts (fec) for five consecutive days. two groups of animals were formed balanced for their fec and body-weight (bw) ... | 2012 | 22579554 |
| efficacy of monepantel, derquantel and abamectin against adult stages of a multi-resistant haemonchus contortus isolate. | drug resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes is a severe problem for sheep farmers. with the recent introduction of monepantel (zolvix®) and of derquantel plus abamectin (startect®) in new zealand, two new anthelmintic classes will be available to control gastrointestinal nematodes. while monepantel covers a broad spectrum of nematodes, the efficacy of derquantel is mid-spectrum and limited to a smaller number of species and stages. the combination of derquantel and abamectin allows to enlarge ... | 2012 | 22576857 |
| measurement of ivermectin concentrations in target worms and host gastrointestinal tissues: influence of the route of administration on the activity against resistant haemonchus contortus in lambs. | the influence of the administration route on the relationship between efficacy and ivermectin concentration profiles achieved in the bloodstream, the gastrointestinal mucosal tissues/fluid contents and within a target abomasal parasite (haemonchus contortus) was evaluated in lambs. twenty-six (26) parasitized lambs were assigned into three experimental groups: untreated (control) and ivermectin treated by the subcutaneous and intraruminal route at 0.2mg/kg. blood samples were collected between 0 ... | 2012 | 22575734 |
| a survey of the trichostrongylid nematode species present on uk sheep farms and associated anthelmintic control practices. | a survey of sheep farms from across the uk was conducted to establish information on farming practices, the trichostrongylid nematode species present and anthelmintic usage. questionnaires and faecal samples were returned from 118 farms. first stage larvae (l(1)) were cultured from faecal samples and used for pcr analysis to determine the presence/absence of selected trichostrongylid species. teladorsagia circumcincta was the only species present on 100% of farms. haemonchus contortus was found ... | 2012 | 22560313 |
| possibilities to breed for resistance to nematode parasite infections in small ruminants in tropical production systems. | gastrointestinal nematode parasitism is the most important disease affecting livestock production systems in developing countries, particularly small ruminant production systems. of particular importance are infections with the strongyle haemonchus contortus. integrated disease control strategies are required, including improved management, nutrition and wise use of anthelmintic chemicals. increasingly, selection of sheep or goats for improved nematode resistance is viewed as a valuable option t ... | 2012 | 22558922 |
| condensed tannins from sesbania sesban and desmodium intortum as a means of haemonchus contortus control in goats. | two experiments were conducted to determine whether the proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin)-containing forage legumes desmodium intortum cv greenleaf and sesbania sesban (accession 15019) could be integrated into a feeding management strategy as a means of haemonchus contortus control in goats. the anthelmintic effects of condensed tannin extracts from the two legumes on h. contortus l(3) larvae were studied in an in vitro larval migration inhibition system. the extracts inhibited larval migrati ... | 2012 | 22547111 |
| genetic variation of haemonchus contortus (trichostrongylidae) in sheep and goats from malaysia and yemen. | the large stomach worm, haemonchus contortus, commonly known as "the barber's pole worm", is a blood-sucking nematode found in the abomasa of sheep and goats. this work is the first documentation on the nd4 sequences of h. contortus from sheep and goats in malaysia and yemen and the results provide a preliminary insight on the genetic differences of h. contortus found in the two countries. in general, this study showed a high degree of diversity and low population structure of this species withi ... | 2012 | 22538095 |
| selective effect of the anthelmintic bephenium on haemonchus contortus levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors. | acetylcholine receptors (achrs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels involved in the neurotransmission of both vertebrates and invertebrates. a number of anthelmintic compounds like levamisole and pyrantel target the achrs of nematodes producing spastic paralysis of the worms. the muscle achrs of nematode parasites fall into three pharmacological classes that are preferentially activated by the cholinergic agonists levamisole (l-type), nicotine (n-type) and bephenium (b-type), respectively. ... | 2012 | 22526556 |
| the potential of elephantorrhiza elephantina as an anthelminthic in goats. | elephantorrhiza elephantina bruch. skeels. is used by farmers in the eastern cape province to control helminths in goats. an in vitro study revealed efficacy of its fractions against adult haemonchus contortus. this study was conducted to validate efficacy of fractions in vivo, on gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats. a total of 36 goats (18 males and 18 females) between ages of 8 and 12 months were used; these were randomly assigned to six treatments (a-f). for treatments a an ... | 2012 | 22526291 |
| environmental factors influencing the transmission of haemonchus contortus. | infection with the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus causes considerable losses in the sheep industry. in this study, we evaluated the effect that climate has on third-stage larvae (l3) of h. contortus in terms of their migration from sheep feces to brachiaria decumbens grass, as well as their distribution among the forage plants. fecal samples containing h. contortus l3 was deposited on the soil among the herbage at an initial height of 30 cm. sample collection began 24h after cont ... | 2012 | 22521972 |
| detection of quantitative trait loci for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections in creole goats. | this study aimed to identify regions of the genome affecting resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in a creole goat population naturally exposed to a mixed nematode infection (haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis and oesophagostomum columbianum) by grazing on irrigated pasture. a genome-wide quantitative trait loci (qtl) scan was performed on 383 offspring from 12 half-sib families. a total of 101 microsatellite markers were genotyped. traits analysed were faecal egg count (fe ... | 2012 | 22502644 |
| immunoprotective effect of cysteine proteinase fractions from two haemonchus contortus strains adapted to sheep and goats. | a preliminary analysis of the significance of genetic diversity in cysteine proteinase genes has been performed simultaneously in sheep and goats, with regard to the immunological control using these enzymes against haemonchosis. for this purpose, we have studied the cross-immunoprotective effect of cysteine protease-enriched protein fractions (cpfs) in adult worms of two haemonchus contortus strains from north america and spain that are adapted to sheep and goats, respectively. previous genetic ... | 2012 | 22487211 |
| proteomic profiling and protein identification by maldi-tof mass spectrometry in unsequenced parasitic nematodes. | lack of genomic sequence data and the relatively high cost of tandem mass spectrometry have hampered proteomic investigations into helminths, such as resolving the mechanism underpinning globally reported anthelmintic resistance. whilst detailed mechanisms of resistance remain unknown for the majority of drug-parasite interactions, gene mutations and changes in gene and protein expression are proposed key aspects of resistance. comparative proteomic analysis of drug-resistant and -susceptible ne ... | 2012 | 22479418 |
| lysine catabolism in haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. | catabolism of lysine through the pipecolate, saccharopine and cadaverine pathways has been investigated in l3 and adult haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. both enzymes of the saccharopine pathway (lysine ketoglutarate reductase (lkr) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (sdh)) were active in l3 and adult worms of both species. all three enzymes which catabolise lysine to α-amino adipic semialdehyde via pipecolate (lysine oxidase (lo), δ(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase (pip2cr) ... | 2012 | 22459625 |
| preference for condensed tannins by sheep in response to challenge infection with haemonchus contortus. | herbivores prefer feeds that supply required nutrients and avoid those with excess nutrients and plant secondary compounds (psc). nevertheless, psc such as condensed tannins can provide beneficial medicinal effects to herbivores as they act against infective diseases such as parasitism. the objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if parasitized lambs increased preference for a tannin-rich feed after they experienced the beneficial antiparasitic effects of condensed tannins relative to pa ... | 2012 | 22459112 |
| in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of selected medicinal plants against haemonchus contortus from sheep. | ethanol extracts of 25 plant species were screened for anthelmintic effects against haemonchus contortus. ethanol extracts of each plant were used at various concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) to treat 10-day faecal cultures, incubated at 27°c with control cultures which were treated with ethanol for 48 h. five plants with high efficacies (ananas comosus, aloe ferox, allium sativum, lespedeza cuneata and warburgia salutaris) were selected from the first screening for further investigation using eth ... | 2013 | 22449714 |
| cloning and characterization of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (hc29) from adult haemonchus contortus. | the complete coding sequence of haemonchus (h.) contortus hc29 cdna was generated by rapid amplification of cdna ends in combination with pcr using primers targeting the 5'- and 3'-ends of the partial mrna sequence. the cloned hc29 cdna was shown to be 1,113 bp in size with an open reading frame of 507 bp, encoding a protein of 168 amino acid with a calculated molecular mass of 18.9 kda. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the cloned hc29 cdna contained the conserved catalytic triad and d ... | 2012 | 22437536 |
| changes in the body condition scores of nigerian west african dwarf sheep experimentally infected with mixed infections of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | weekly changes in body condition scores and body weights were determined in west african dwarf sheep following trickle exposure to weekly escalating mixed infections with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis starting with single doses of 500 infective larvae (l(3)) at wk1, 1000 l(3) at wk2, 2000 l(3) at wk3 and 4000 l(3) at wk4. thirty-three animals were randomly assigned to two groups namely, group 1 (n=27) and group 2 (n=6). group 1 animals were used for experimental infecti ... | 2012 | 22436424 |
| influence of pluronic 85 and ketoconazole on disposition and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep infected with a multiple resistant haemonchus contortus isolate. | non-specific mechanisms involving atp-binding cassette drug efflux transporters may play an important role in xenobiotic clearance in ovine gastro-intestinal nematodes. by using transporter inhibitors, the aim of this trial was to assess the possibility of increasing drug bioavailability in the host in an attempt to improve treatment efficacy. thirty-six lambs were infected with 5000 multiple-drug resistant haemonchus contortus third stage larvae and separated into six groups (n=6): ivermectin a ... | 2012 | 22429700 |
| import and efflux of flubendazole in haemonchus contortus strains susceptible and resistant to anthelmintics. | drug entry into the body of a helminth is a key factor in the efficacy of anthelmintics. the present project was designed to study the ex vivo uptake and efflux of the benzimidazole anthelmintic flubendazole (flu) in four strains of h. contortus: the ise strain (fully susceptible to anthelmintics), the ise-s strain (resistant to ivermectin), the br strain (resistant to benzimidazoles) and the wr strain (multi-resistant). the transport of flu between dead and living nematodes was also compared as ... | 2012 | 22417686 |
| susceptibility assay of haemonchus contortus to commonly used anthelmintics in jimma, southwest ethiopia. | an experimental study to investigate the susceptibility pattern of haemonchus contortus to commonly used anthelmintics (albendazole, tetramisole, ivermectin, and triclobendazole) was conducted between june and september 2009. adult h. contortus parasites were collected from a total of 30 sheep slaughtered at jimma municipal abattoir. the anthelmintics were assessed for egg hatch inhibition ability against h. contortus eggs. the eggs (500 eggs/ml) were incubated with different concentrations (0.2 ... | 2012 | 22402797 |
| amino acid residues of both the extracellular and transmembrane domains influence binding of the antiparasitic agent milbemycin to haemonchus contortus avr-14b glutamate-gated chloride channels. | glutamate-gated chloride (glucl) channels are pentameric receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter glutamate in invertebrates and are a major target for macrolide anthelmintics. three amino acids in glucl channels are reported to render macrolide resistance in nematodes and insects. to examine whether these three amino acids are involved in binding of the antiparasitic agent milbemycin (mlm) to the glucl channels of the nematode parasite haemonchus contortus, the equivalent amino acids (l256 ... | 2012 | 22369940 |
| introgression of ivermectin resistance genes into a susceptible haemonchus contortus strain by multiple backcrossing. | anthelmintic drug resistance in livestock parasites is already widespread and in recent years there has been an increasing level of anthelmintic drug selection pressure applied to parasitic nematode populations in humans leading to concerns regarding the emergence of resistance. however, most parasitic nematodes, particularly those of humans, are difficult experimental subjects making mechanistic studies of drug resistance extremely difficult. the small ruminant parasitic nematode haemonchus con ... | 2012 | 22359506 |
| the anthelmintic effect of aqueous methanol extract of combretum molle (r. br. x. g. don) (combretaceae) in lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | the aqueous methanol extract from the stem-bark of combretum molle was evaluated for anthelmintic activity in lambs infected with haemonchus contortus using faecal egg count (fec) reduction assay. the extract showed a dose-dependent reduction in fec in infected animals. at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg(-1), the extract caused fec reduction of 63%, 69.25% and 96.23%, respectively. similarly, the standard anthelmintic (albendazole) at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) produced fec reduction of 99.24%. f ... | 2012 | 22293150 |
| proteomic analysis of the abomasal mucosal response following infection by the nematode, haemonchus contortus, in genetically resistant and susceptible sheep. | sheep have a variable ability to resist gastrointestinal nematode infection, but the key factors mediating this response are poorly defined. here we report the first large-scale application of quantitative proteomic technologies to define proteins that are differentially abundant between sheep selectively bred to have an enhanced (resistant) or reduced (susceptible) ability to eliminate nematodes. samples were collected from the abomasal mucosa three days after experimental challenge with the ne ... | 2012 | 22285630 |
| genetic and environmental influences on faecal nematode egg counts of jamunapari goats in india. | the present study was carried out from 1999 to 2003 to determine the genetic and environmental influences of faecal egg count (fec), an indicator of host resistance, in adult jamunapari goats with naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections (predominantly haemonchus contortus). fec data on 670 records of jamunapari goats descended from 54 bucks and 208 does were used in this study. analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood estimation, fitting an animal model ... | 2012 | 22278635 |
| towards finding effective indicators (diarrhoea and anaemia scores and weight gains) for the implementation of targeted selective treatment against the gastro-intestinal nematodes in lambs in a steppic environment. | the effective application of targeted selective treatment (tst) against gastro-intestinal nematodes depends on the accurate identification of those animals in need of anthelmintic treatment. finding cost and labour effective measures to identify such animals is paramount. this study tested the efficacy of three indicators on lambs in a farm in eastern algeria: anaemia score (famacha(©)), diarrhoea score (disco) and weight gain. these were contrasted against traditional parasitological infection ... | 2012 | 22270033 |
| responses of the humid zone ecotype of the nigerian west african dwarf sheep to mixed infections with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | the responses of the nigerian west african dwarf sheep to experimental infections with two of its most important gastrointestinal (gi) nematodes, namely, haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis were studied by means of two measures of parasitological response, namely, faecal egg count (fec) and worm burden (wb), and three measures of host pathology, namely, packed cell volume (pcv), body weight (bwt) and body condition score (bcs). following exposure to weekly escalating infectio ... | 2012 | 22215194 |
| the distribution of snp marker effects for faecal worm egg count in sheep, and the feasibility of using these markers to predict genetic merit for resistance to worm infections. | summarygenetic resistance to gastrointestinal worms is a complex trait of great importance in both livestock and humans. in order to gain insights into the genetic architecture of this trait, a mixed breed population of sheep was artificially infected with trichostrongylus colubriformis (n=3326) and then haemonchus contortus (n=2669) to measure faecal worm egg count (wec). the population was genotyped with the illumina ovinesnp50 beadchip and 48 640 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers p ... | 2011 | 24725775 |
| the influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass. | detailed knowledge of the effects of water on the migration of infective larvae of economically important trichostrongyloid species is urgently needed to feed into prediction models of future epidemiology. the influence of water on the migration of the parasitic nematodes nematodirus battus, haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta from sheep dung onto grass was examined in a series of laboratory experiments. turf plots were seeded with larvae, which were recovered from grass clippings ... | 2011 | 24650934 |
| novel approaches to control of parasites—a workshop. | with the advent of helminth parasite populations that have developed resistance to anthelmintics over the last decade or so, especially in small ruminants, sustainable productivity has been threatened. this workshop on novel approaches to control was held at the 19th international conference of the world association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (waavp) at new orleans,la, usa, during 10–14 august 2003. the workshop was organized and chaired by j.e. miller and p.j. waller. novel ... | 2004 | 24937881 |
| water, water compartments and water regulation in some nematodes parasitic in vertebrates. | while nematodes are sometimes regarded as osmoconformers, at least one species is capable of short-term osmoregulation over a wide range of osmotic environments, and the principal site of osmoregulation is the body wall. this general osmoregulation is important to the life of the nematode not only in confronting variations in the environment, but also in maintaining its hydrostatic skeleton. there is also evidence suggesting that compartments exist in some nematodes and that water exchange betwe ... | 1995 | 19277309 |
| screening of the 'open scaffolds' collection from compounds australia identifies a new chemical entity with anthelmintic activities against different developmental stages of the barber's pole worm and other parasitic nematodes. | the discovery and development of novel anthelmintic classes is essential to sustain the control of socioeconomically important parasitic worms of humans and animals. with the aim of offering novel, lead-like scaffolds for drug discovery, compounds australia released the 'open scaffolds' collection containing 33,999 compounds, with extensive information available on the physicochemical properties of these chemicals. in the present study, we screened 14,464 prioritised compounds from the 'open sca ... | 2017 | 28732272 |
| in vitro predatory activity of arthrobotrys oligospora and after passing through gastrointestinal tract of small ruminants on infective larvae of trichostrongylides. | in vitro predatory activity of 157 native isolates of arthrobotrys oligospora from china on larvae of trichostrongylides (trichostrongylus colubriformis and haemonchus contortus) in feces of sheep were assessed. the results showed that 135 of tested isolates of a. oligospora reduced the development of trichostrongylide larvae in feces by 90-99.99%, 11 isolates by 80-89.46% and 11 isolates by 14.58-78.82%. to understand their capacity of passing through gastrointestinal tract of sheep, 50 native ... | 2017 | 28456693 |
| characterization of a novel aspartyl protease inhibitor from haemonchus contortus. | aspartyl protease inhibitor (api) was thought to protect intestinal parasitic nematodes from their hostile proteolytic environment. studies on ostertagia ostertagi, ascaris suum and brugia malayi indicated that aspins might play roles in nematode infection. in a recent study, proteins differentially expressed between free-living third-stage larvae (l3) and activated l3 (xl3) of haemonchus contortus were identified by 2d-dige. api was found downregulated in xl3 when compared with l3. however, the ... | 2017 | 28420411 |
| evaluation of anthelmintic antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of chenopodium album. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of chenopodium album against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and some pathogenic microbes. a worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro study, and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for an in vivo study. various concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 μg/ml of the extract were subjected to antimicrobial screening by disc diffusion method against four selected bacterial (st ... | 2017 | 28735356 |
| eprinomectin pour-on (eprinex® pour-on, merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep. | the anthelmintic efficacy of the 0.5% w/v topical formulation of eprinomectin (epn), eprinex® pour-on (merial) when administered at 1 mg/kg body weight was evaluated in sheep in two dose confirmation laboratory studies and one multicenter field study. in addition, the pharmacokinetics of epn when administered at that dosage to adult sheep was determined. | 2017 | 28558828 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation and recognition by the immune host of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of the abomasal nematode parasite teladorsagia circumcincta. | a 1023 bp full length cdna encoding teladorsagia circumcincta gapdh (tecigapdh) was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and the recombinant protein purified and its kinetic properties determined. a phylogenetic tree was constructed using helminth gapdh sequences. the predicted protein consisted of 341 amino acids and was present as a single band of about 38 kda on sds-page. multiple alignments of the protein sequence of tecigapdh with homologues from other helminths showed that the greatest si ... | 2017 | 28757123 |
| development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip based on hsp70 for the rapid detection of echinococcus granulosus in sheep. | echinococcus granulosus is the causative pathogen of cystic echinococcosis, a serious disease endangering human and animal health. in this study, an immunochromatographic strip was developed based on the recombinant protein heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) for the serological detection of e. granulosus. the protocol completes within 20min requiring no specialized equipment or chemical reagents, while specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with positive serum of fasciola hepatica, haemonchu ... | 2017 | 28576342 |
| arginine kinase from haemonchus contortus decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of goat pbmcs in vitro. | arginine kinase (ak), an important member of phosphagen kinase family has been extensively studied in various vertebrates and invertebrates. immunologically, aks are important constituents of different body parts, involved in various biological and cellular functions, and considered as immune-modulator and effector for pro-inflammatory cytokines. however, immunoregulatory changes of host cells triggered by ak protein of haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of ruminants, are still unknown. ... | 2017 | 28651566 |
| molecular identification of mecistocirrus digitatus and toxocara vitulorum in the mithun (bos frontalis) from north-east india. | mecistocirrus digitatus and toxocara vitulorum are common pathogenic nematode parasites of mithun (bos frontalis). species identification by morphological features was confirmed by molecular identification of m. digitatus and t. vitulorum. the internal transcribed spacer-2 (its-2) region and beta tubulin gene of m. digitatus were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified and sequenced. its-2 sequence analysis showed 100% homology with other isolates of m. digitatus and 83% identity with haemonch ... | 2017 | 28848270 |
| evaluation of different haemonchus contortus antigens for diagnosis of sheep haemonchosis by elisa and their cross reactivity with other helminthes. | haemonchus contortus (h. contortus) remains important nematode that infecting sheep all over the world. truthful diagnosis of haemonchosis needs reliable enzyme linked immune sorbent assay test as well as the immuno-reactive protein profile of different prepared h. contortus antigens; larval (l), excretory secretory product (esp) and adult somatic h. contortus (as). the current study fulfilled that l antigen is the talented antigen for such serological diagnosis. immunodominant band at molecular ... | 2017 | 28848258 |
| effects of commonly used chemical fertilizers on development of free-living stages of haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected pasture. | the effects of n-p-k fertilizers in the form of urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash on development of free-living stages of haemonchus contortus were studied. | 2017 | 28831219 |
| evaluation of crude larval protein and recombinant somatic protein 26/23 (rhcp26/23) immunization against haemonchuscontortus in sheep. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential possibility of crude larval and recombinant (rhcp26/23) antigens of haemonchus contortus for immunization to control sheep hemonchosis. | 2017 | 28831218 |
| validation of the famacha© system in south american camelids. | haemonchus contortus resistant to multiple anthelmintics threaten the viability of the small ruminant industry in areas where this parasite is prevalent. in response to this situation, the famacha© system was developed and validated for use with small ruminants as a way to detect clinical anemia associated with haemonchosis. given that h. contortus and multiple anthelmintic resistance is a similar problem in camelids, the famacha© system might also provide the same benefits. to address this need ... | 2017 | 28807317 |
| synergistic interaction of ten essential oils against haemonchus contortus in vitro. | anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes is a worldwide problem. multi-drug resistant haemonchosis is the most serious impediment for small ruminant systems, and there are no new drug candidates currently under development. molecules from natural sources have demonstrated anthelmintic activity against parasites. in this work, the monoterpenoids carvacrol, carvone, cineole, linalool, limonene, and thymol and the phenylpropanoids cinnamaldehyde, anethole, vanillin, and eugenol w ... | 2017 | 28807309 |
| a candidate recombinant antigen for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in domestic animals. | domestic animals infected with schistosoma japonicum are a major source of infection and play an important role in transmission to humans. a key strategy for the elimination of schistosomiasis is to control the sources of infection. in the present study, we identified a candidate diagnostic antigen-encoding gene, sjmrp1, the putative multidrug resistance protein 1 gene, by screening a cdna phage display library from 44-day-old s. japonicum worms using iggs from goat, cattle, and buffalo infected ... | 2017 | 28807301 |
| age of haemonchus contortus third stage infective larvae is a factor influencing the in vitro assessment of anthelmintic properties of tannin containing plant extracts. | the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (leia) of infective larvae (l3) is an in vitro method used to evaluate the anthelmintic (ah) activity of tannin-containing plant extracts against different species of gastrointestinal nematodes, including haemonchus contortus. some conditions remain to be defined in order to standardize the leia, i.e. the optimal age of larvae produced from donor animals to use in the assays. therefore, this study aimed at identifying the effect of age and age-related vit ... | 2017 | 28807282 |
| recombinant miro domain-containing protein of haemonchus contortus (rmiro-1) activates goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | in our previous proteomics study, we identified miro domain-containing protein (miro-1), an excretory and secretory product of the pole worm, haemonchus contortus, binds to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vivo. however, our understanding of the role of miro-1and its potential immune impact on goat pbmcs is limited. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of miro-1 on functions of goat pbmcs in vitro. recombinant protein (rmiro-1) was expressed in a prokaryote ... | 2017 | 28807275 |
| the edible mushroom pleurotus djamor produces metabolites with lethal activity against the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | pleurotus djamor is an edible mushroom that has medicinal properties. this study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of p. djamor extracts and fractions against haemonchus contortus eggs and exsheathed infective larvae (l3). crude hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by maceration and fractions were obtained through chromatography. metabolite identity was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis. the results showed that p. djamor extracts had no significant activ ... | 2017 | 28767008 |
| [anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: development, diagnostics, and procedures]. | anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants, but also in cattle and horses, is now found worldwide. the reason for increasing anthelmintic resistance is, in particular, the extensive use of all the anthelmintic agents available on the market. a non-targeted use leads to the selection of naturally occurring resistance genes within parasite populations. the most practical method for evaluating the efficacy of an anthelmintic is the fecal egg-count reduction test. to re ... | 2017 | 28765867 |
| pilot study: pharmacokinetics of oral and topical moxidectin in the reticulated giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis). | the objective of this study was to obtain an estimate of the pharmacokinetic parameters of moxidectin administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg orally and topically to healthy adult giraffe ( giraffa camelopardalis ). the maximum plasma concentration (cmax) of moxidectin after oral and topical administration was 69.2 ± 4.6 and 18.6 ± 16.1 ng/ml (p = 0.045), respectively. the areas under the plasma curve (auc), a measure of total drug exposure, was 532.0 ± 232.3 and 209.1 ± 180.0 day*ng/ml (p = 0.308) ... | 2017 | 28749301 |
| physio-biochemical parameters: a potential tool for target-selective treatment of haemonchosis in the small ruminants. | this study aims to evaluate the conjunctiva colour-based famacha score (fs) coupled with a body condition score (bcs), haemogram and stressor hormone level estimation, in identifying post-mortem (pm)/coproscopically proven individuals wanting therapy for economically important gastrointestinal (gi) helminths, haemonchus contortus, in the small ruminants. the incidence of haemonchosis was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (60.81%) in the ruminants with fs = 3. the h. contortus count in the animals ... | 2017 | 28717850 |
| an assessment of benzimidazole resistance against caprine nematodes in central india. | current status of resistance to benzimidazole (bz) group of anthelmintic drugs against caprine nematodes in central india at amanala goat farm, jabalpur, madhya pradesh (m. p.), was systematically investigated using faecal egg count reduction (fecr) test and egg hatch test (eht). besides, allele-specific pcr (as-pcr) was deployed to ascertain the susceptible genotype (alleles) especially of the haemonchus contortus. randomly selected 30 goats, irrespective of age and sex, were divided into three ... | 2017 | 28717849 |
| deguelin exerts potent nematocidal activity via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. | as a result of limited classes of anthelmintics and an over-reliance on chemical control, there is a great need to discover new compounds to combat drug resistance in parasitic nematodes. here, we show that deguelin, a plant-derived rotenoid, selectively and potently inhibits the motility and development of nematodes, which supports its potential as a lead candidate for drug development. furthermore, we demonstrate that deguelin treatment significantly increases gene transcription that is associ ... | 2017 | 28687609 |
| screening of the 'stasis box' identifies two kinase inhibitors under pharmaceutical development with activity against haemonchus contortus. | in partnership with the medicines for malaria venture (mmv), we screened a collection ('stasis box') of 400 compounds (which have been in clinical development but have not been approved for illnesses other than neglected infectious diseases) for inhibitory activity against haemonchus contortus, in order to attempt to repurpose some of the compounds to parasitic nematodes. | 2017 | 28679424 |
| immunodiagnosis of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep by counter immuno-electrophoresis using somatic antigen. | the present study was undertaken for the immuno-diagnosis of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep by counter immuno-electrophoresis (ciep) using crude somatic antigen. adult worms of h. contortus were found in 57 out of 100 abomasums screened. a total of 250 serum samples which includes, 100 serum from local abattoir in and around shimoga region from the sheep from which the abomasums were collected for h. contortus worms and 150 serum from the migratory sheep were collected to detect the cir ... | 2017 | 28615838 |
| in vitro larvicidal and in vivo anthelmintic effects of oxalis tetraphylla (oxalidaceae) hydroalcoholic extract against haemonchus contortus in lambs. | the in vitro larvicidal and in vivo anthelmintic effects of oxalis tetraphylla hydroalcoholic extract (he), against haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected lambs, were assessed. we used a microtitration plate method, comprising the following two stages. stage 1: 20 μl of water containing 200 sheathed h. contortus infective larvae (shhcl) were deposited in every well of three series; then, the series 2 and 3 wells were treated with 80 μl 1% ivermectin and o. tetraphylla he at 20 mg/ml, re ... | 2017 | 28595672 |
| broad spectrum anthelmintic resistance of haemonchus contortus in northern nsw of australia. | on a sheep farm in northern new south wales (nsw) of australia a degree of anthelmintic resistance was suspected. with noticeable clinical signs of infection and sheep not responding to treatment, a faecal egg count reduction test was conducted to ascertain the broad spectrum of anthelmintic resistance at this farm. a number of classes of anthelmintics were assessed including organophosphate, macrocyclic lactone (ml) and in combination an ml, benzimidazole, levamisole and salicylanilide. in addi ... | 2017 | 28579030 |
| pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of injectable eprinomectin in goats. | the objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and the anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin (eprecis(®) 20mg/ml) following subcutaneous administration to goats. forty non-lactating female alpine goats aged between one and three years and weighing between 32.7 and 59.5kg, were randomly allocated to one of the following groups (8 animals per group): two groups were not infected and were treated at a dose of either 0.2 or 0.4mg/kg bw of eprinomectin, two groups were experimentally ... | 2017 | 28579029 |
| in vitro assessment of argemone mexicana, taraxacum officinale, ruta chalepensis and tagetes filifolia against haemonchus contortus nematode eggs and infective (l3) larvae. | argemone mexicana, taraxacum officinale, ruta chalepensis and tagetes filifolia are plants with deworming potential. the purpose of this study was to evaluate methanolic extracts of aerial parts of these plants against haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae (l3) and identify compounds responsible for the anthelmintic activity. in vitro probes were performed to identify the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts: egg hatching inhibition (ehi) and larvae mortality. open column chromatogra ... | 2017 | 28578091 |
| susceptibility of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of polyphenol-rich plants. part 2: infective l3 larvae. | this study explored the variation in susceptibility to acetone:water plant extracts between infective larvae (l3) of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origin. the l3 of 10 different isolates were exposed either to the acetone:water extract of a temperate plant (onobrychis viciifolia) or a tropical plant (acacia pennatula) and were evaluated with the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (leia). the l3 of each isolate were incubated with different concentrations of each ... | 2017 | 28576338 |
| assessing the anthelmintic activity of pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives against haemonchus contortus. | in this study, we tested five series of pyrazole-5-carboxamide compounds (n = 55) for activity against parasitic stages of the nematode haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm), one of the most pathogenic parasites of ruminants. | 2017 | 28569174 |
| early and late gene expression profiles of the ovine mucosa in response to haemonchus contortus infection employing illumina rna-seq technology. | we conducted herein transcriptome sequencing of the ovine abomasal tissues using the illumina hiseq 4000 platform to segregate early and late h. contortus-infected sheep (7 and 50days post-infected groups, respectively) from the control naive ones. a total of 548, 357 and 7 were substantially induced genes in 7days post-infection versus uninfected-control group, 50days post-infection versus 7days post-infection (7dpi), and 50days post-infection (50dpi) versus uninfected-control group, respective ... | 2017 | 28552633 |
| mutations in the hco-mptl-1 gene in a field-derived monepantel-resistant isolate of haemonchus contortus. | resistance to the anthelmintic drug monepantel (zolvix(®)) has emerged in parasitic worms infecting sheep and goats. the mechanism of resistance in these cases is unknown. the drug targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors belonging to the nematode-specific deg-3 subfamily. we examined the receptor gene, hco-mptl-1, in a highly zolvix(®)-resistant and a -susceptible isolate of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. cdna coding for the full length receptor protein (hco-mptl-1) was present i ... | 2017 | 28501715 |
| phenotypic expression of parasite susceptibility to haemonchus contortus in pelibuey sheep. | the objective of this study was to determine if the mean faecal egg count (fec) from a first experimental haemonchus contortus infection could be used to classify parasite-naïve pelibuey hair sheep as parasite-resistant high responders and parasite-susceptible low responders. twenty 6- to 7-month-old pelibuey male sheep raised free of gastrointestinal nematodes were challenged with 7500±1412 h. contortus l3 larvae administrated orally on day 0 of the study. faecal samples from each lamb were obt ... | 2017 | 28495198 |
| effect of creep-fed supplement on the susceptibility of pasture-grazed suckling lambs to gastrointestinal helminths. | this study evaluated the effect of creep feeding a protein supplement on the susceptibility of suckling lambs to infection with gastrointestinal helminths. male and female lambs were grazed on brachiaria spp. pastures next to their mothers. animals were allocated to one of two treatments: creep feeding (261g/d) and control (no supplementation). the trial period was the suckling of lambs during two years of study: may-october 2013 and march-july 2014. supplementary creep feeding of lambs improved ... | 2017 | 28495192 |
| modulation of goat monocyte function by hccyst-2, a secreted cystatin from haemonchus contortus. | modulation and suppression of the host immune response by nematode parasites have been reported extensively and the cysteine protease inhibitor (cystatin) is identified as one of the major immunomodulator. in the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant cystatin protein from nematode parasite haemonchus contortus (rhccyst-2) and investigated its immunomodulatory effects on goat monocyte. rhccyst-2 protein is biologically functional as shown by its ability to inhibit the protease activit ... | 2017 | 28484087 |
| anthelmintic activity of tunisian chamomile (matricaria recutita l.) against haemonchus contortus. | the chemical treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases has been undermined by increasing resistance and high toxicity. there is an urgent need to search for alternative natural sources for the treatment of such parasites. in this respect, the present study aims to quantify phenolic compounds of chamomile (matricaria recutita l.) and to study their in vitro anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activities in solvents with increasing polarity. in vitro determination of anti-oxidant capacity was car ... | 2017 | 28480837 |
| anthelmintic effects of dried ground banana plant leaves (musa spp.) fed to sheep artificially infected with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. | helminths is a endoparasites that cause the major losses for profitable sheep production in brazil. the increased development of resistant strains of endoparasites have enforced the search for sustainable alternatives. the aim of this paper was to provide information about endoparasites control with banana leaves in infected sheep as alternative control strategies and see its viability. | 2017 | 28480391 |
| a new thioredoxin reductase with additional glutathione reductase activity in haemonchus contortus. | we report, herein, the purification to homogeneity and the biochemical and kinetic characterization of hctrxr3, a new isoform of thioredoxin reductase (trxr) from haemonchus contortus. hctrxr3 was found to have a relative molecular weight of 134,000, while the corresponding value per subunit obtained under denaturing conditions, was of 67,000. by peptide mass spectrophotometric analysis, hctrxr3 was determined to have 99% identity with the h. contortus hctrxr1 although, and most importantly, the ... | 2017 | 28456691 |
| meta-analysis of the parasitic phase traits of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. | the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus shows highly variable life history traits. this highlights the need to have an average estimate and a quantification of the variation around it to calibrate epidemiological models. | 2017 | 28438225 |
| effects of polyphenol removal methods on the in vitro exsheathment inhibitory activity of lysiloma latisiliquum extracts against haemonchus contortus larvae. | it has been suggested that the anthelmintic (ah) activity of tannin-rich forages is related to their tannin content. however, reports on tropical fodders such as lysiloma latisiliquum describe the same ah activity after the addition of tannin-blocking agents, suggesting that the activity either depends on the method of tannin blocking/removal or is due to other type of secondary metabolites. this study compared both the effect of the drying process of the plant material and the effect of differe ... | 2017 | 28438033 |
| caffeoyl and coumaroyl derivatives from acacia cochliacantha exhibit ovicidal activity against haemonchus contortus. | acacia cochliacantha is a small tree whose foliage is traditionally used in mexico for treatment of kidney pain, gastrointestinal illnesses and to kill intestinal parasites. in recent decades, the study of vegetal extracts has offered other possible alternatives for the control of haemonchus contortus. considering that this nematode affects dramatically the health and productivity of small ruminants, the aim of this study was to identify the anthelmintic compounds from a. cochliacantha hydro-alc ... | 2017 | 28414046 |
| nested-pcr assay for detection of schistosoma japonicum infection in domestic animals. | schistosomiasis japonica is a common zoonosis. domestic animals are the primary source of infection and play an important role in disease transmission. the prevalence and infectivity of this disease in domestic animals in china have significantly decreased and, for this reason, diagnostics with a higher sensitivity have become increasingly necessary. it was reported that polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods could be used to detect schistosome infection in humans and animals and presente ... | 2017 | 28407808 |
| characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus acting at the parasite-host cell interface. | modulation and suppression of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported extensively and the migration inhibitory factor (mif) is identified as one of the major immunomodulator. in the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant mif protein from the small ruminant's nematode parasite haemonchus contortus (rhcmif-1), and investigated its immunomodulatory effects on goat monocyte. enzymatic assays indicated that rhcmif-1 possessed tautomerase activity. immunohis ... | 2017 | 28402951 |
| polymorphism and egg-size in the sheep nematode, haemonchus contortus. | | 1970 | 28562988 |