| efficacy of vaccination of cattle with the leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent leptospira bacterin against experimental challenge with leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. | to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with the leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent leptospira bacterin against a virulent experimental challenge with leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203 in cattle. | 2012 | 22533408 |
| survey for infectious disease in the south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) population at punta san juan, peru. | the peruvian population of the south american fur seal ( arctocephalus australis ) is a distinct evolutionarily significant unit that is endangered. one of the largest rookeries for this species in peru is located within the punta san juan marine protected area (15°22's, 75°12'w). to better understand the current health status of this population, exposure to 10 pinniped pathogens was evaluated in adult female fur seals (n=29) via serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in novembe ... | 2015 | 26056875 |
| disease control through fertility control: secondary benefits of animal birth control in indian street dogs. | we sought to (1) survey sexually intact street dogs for a wide range of diseases in three cities in rajasthan, india and (2) evaluate links between the health of non-treated dogs and both the presence and duration of animal birth control (abc) programs. abc regimes sterilize and vaccinate stray dogs in an attempt to control their population and the spread of rabies. they are commonly suggested to improve the health of those dogs they serve, but here we provide evidence that these benefits also e ... | 2014 | 24239212 |
| detection of brucellosis and leptospirosis in feral pigs in new south wales. | to determine the presence and estimate the prevalence of brucella suis, leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (hereafter l. pomona) and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo (hereafter l. hardjo) in feral pigs culled in new south wales (nsw), australia. | 2014 | 24954403 |
| exposure to selected pathogens in to selected pathogens in geoffroy's cats and domestic carnivores from central argentina. | wild carnivores share a high percentage of parasites and viruses with closely related domestic carnivores. because of increased overlap and potential contact with domestic species, we conducted a retrospective serosurvey for 11 common carnivore pathogens in 40 geoffroy's cats (leopardus geoffroyi) sampled between 2000 and 2008 within or near two protected areas in central argentina (lihué calel national park, la pampa, and campos del tuyú national park, buenos aires), as well as five domestic ca ... | 2012 | 23060491 |
| serologic evidence for selected infectious diseases in marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy (2004-09). | we tested 30 serum samples collected during 2004-09 from 22 free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the national park of abruzzo, lazio, and molise, italy, for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), brucella spp., and eight leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. antibody to cdv was detected in 11 samples (37%); only two bears (10%) had detectable cav-2 and brucella spp. antibodies; three bea ... | 2015 | 25375945 |
| serologic survey for cross-species pathogens in urban coyotes (canis latrans), colorado, usa. | abstract as coyotes (canis latrans) adapt to living in urban environments, the opportunity for cross-species transmission of pathogens may increase. we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to pathogens that are either zoonotic or affect multiple animal species in urban coyotes in the denver metropolitan area, colorado, usa, in 2012. we assayed for antibodies to canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus, rabies virus, toxoplasma gondii, yersinia pestis, and serotypes of leptospira interrog ... | 2014 | 25121408 |
| molecular modeling and in-silico engineering of cardamom mosaic virus coat protein for the presentation of immunogenic epitopes of leptospira lipl32. | expression of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) coat protein (cp) in e. coli forms virus-like particles. in this study, the structure of cdmv cp was predicted and used as a platform to display epitopes of the most abundant surface-associated protein, lipl32 of leptospira at c, n, and both the termini of cdmv cp. in silico, we have mapped sequential and conformational b-cell epitopes from the crystal structure of lipl32 of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni str. fiocruz l1-130 using iedb elipr ... | 2016 | 25692534 |
| the ompa family of proteins: roles in bacterial pathogenesis and immunity. | the ompa family of outer membrane proteins is a group of genetically related, heat-modifiable, surface-exposed, porin proteins that are in high-copy number in the outer membrane of mainly gram-negative bacteria. ompa proteins are characterized by an n-terminal domain that forms an eight-stranded, anti-parallel β barrel, which is embedded in the outer membrane. the c-terminal domain is globular and located in the periplasmic space. escherichia coli ompa is the best characterized of the proteins. ... | 2013 | 22986056 |
| safety and efficacy of a new octavalent combined erysipelas, parvo and leptospira vaccine in gilts against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona associated disease and foetal death. | the safety and protective efficacy of a new octavalent combination vaccine containing inactivated erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, parvovirus, and leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, australis (bratislava), grippotyphosa, pomona and tarassovi - porcilis(®) ery+parvo+lepto - was evaluated in laboratory studies and under field conditions. the safety (2× overdose and repeated dose) was tested in 26 gilts. in this study, neither vaccine related temperature incr ... | 2015 | 26100922 |
| characterization of two new putative adhesins of leptospira interrogans. | we here report the characterization of two novel proteins encoded by the genes lic11122 and lic12287, identified in the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans, annotated, respectively, as a putative sigma factor and a hypothetical protein. the cdss lic11122 and lic12287 have signal peptide spii and spi and are predicted to be located mainly at the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteria. the genes were cloned and the proteins expressed using escherichia coli. proteinase k digestion showed that ... | 2017 | 28198346 |
| genome-wide transcriptional start site mapping and srna identification in the pathogen leptospira interrogans. | leptospira are emerging zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans typically through contaminated environmental sources of water and soil. regulatory pathways of pathogenic leptospira spp. underlying the adaptive response to different hosts and environmental conditions remains elusive. in this study, we provide the first global transcriptional start site (tss) map of a leptospira species. rna was obtained from the pathogen leptospira interrogans grown at 30°c (optimal in vitro tempera ... | 2017 | 28154810 |
| characterization of two new putative adhesins of leptospira interrogans. | we here report the characterization of two novel proteins encoded by the genes lic11122 and lic12287, identified in the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans, annotated, respectively, as a putative sigma factor and hypothetical. . the coding sequences (cdss) lic11122 and lic12287 have signal peptide spii and spi and are predicted to be located mainly at the cytoplasm membrane of the bacteria. the genes were cloned and the proteins expressed using escherichia coli. proteinase k digestion sho ... | 2016 | 27983472 |
| large-scale purification and in vitro characterization of the assembly of mreb from leptospira interrogans. | weil's syndrome is caused by leptospira interrogans infections, a gram negative bacterium with a distinct thin corkscrew cell shape. the molecular basis for this unusual morphology is unknown. in many bacteria, cell wall synthesis is orchestrated by the actin homolog, mreb. | 2016 | 27297907 |
| functional thioredoxin reductase from pathogenic and free-living leptospira spp. | low molecular mass thiols and antioxidant enzymes have essential functions to detoxify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species maintaining cellular redox balance. the metabolic pathways for redox homeostasis in pathogenic (leptospira interrogans) and free-living (leptospira biflexa) leptospires species were not functionally characterized. we performed biochemical studies on recombinantly produced proteins to in depth analyze kinetic and structural properties of thioredoxin reductase (lintrxr) and t ... | 2016 | 27178006 |
| detection of pathogenic leptospires by loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting lipl32 gene. | leptospirosis is a worldwide re-emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospires including leptospira interrogans. | 2015 | 26817214 |
| parasitic and bacterial infections of myocastor coypus in a metropolitan area of northwestern italy. | coypus (myocastor coypus) are widespread throughout europe. in northern italy, they are abundant in the flatland areas, and their high population densities can cause economic loss and ecosystem damage. we examined 153 coypus for selected parasitic and bacterial infections. we found strongyloides myopotami (63.4% prevalence), trichostrongylus duretteae (28.1%), eimeria coypi (86.3%), and eimeria seideli (6.8%), but did not find giardia duodenalis or cryptosporidium spp. we also isolated staphyloc ... | 2016 | 26745834 |
| comparison of immunoprotection of leptospira recombinant proteins with conventional vaccine in experimental animals. | leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus leptospira affecting humans and animals. untreated leptospirosis may result in severe kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress, and even death. virulent leptospirosis can rapidly enter kidney fibroblasts and induce a programmed cell death. thus, it is a challenge for immunologists to develop an effective and safe leptospirosis vaccine. here, we compared the commercial canine leptospira vaccine and recombin ... | 2015 | 26742322 |
| structures of pseudomonas aeruginosa lpxa reveal the basis for its substrate selectivity. | in gram-negative bacteria, the first step of lipid a biosynthesis is catalyzed by udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (lpxa) through the transfer of a r-3-hydroxyacyl chain from the acyl carrier protein (acp) to the 3-hydroxyl group of udp-glcnac. previous studies suggest that lpxa is a critical determinant of the acyl chain length found in lipid a, which varies among species of bacteria. in escherichia coli and leptospira interrogans, lpxa prefers to incorporate longer r-3-hydroxyacyl chain ... | 2015 | 26352800 |
| studies of the binding of ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 from the complement lectin pathway to leptospira biflexa, pasteurella pneumotropica and diarrheagenic escherichia coli. | ficolins recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and activate the lectin pathway of complement system. however, our knowledge regarding pathogen recognition of human ficolins is still limited. we therefore set out to explore and investigate the possible interactions of the two main serum ficolins, ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 with different gram-negative bacteria. we used recombinant ficolin molecules and normal human serum, which were detected with anti-ficolin monoclonal antibodies. in add ... | 2015 | 26074063 |
| prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in the feces of wild urban norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus) from an inner-city neighborhood of vancouver, canada. | although rat feces are widely suspected to be a source of pathogenic bacteria, few investigators have studied fecal pathogens in rats. we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus, respectively) from an urban neighborhood of vancouver, canada, collected september 2011-august 2012. colon content was cultured for e. coli and salmonella spp. and screened for the seven most-common enteropathog ... | 2015 | 25932669 |
| novel leptospira interrogans protein lsa32 is expressed during infection and binds laminin and plasminogen. | pathogenic leptospira is the aetiological agent of leptospirosis, a life-threatening disease of human and veterinary concern. the quest for novel antigens that could mediate host-pathogen interactions is being pursued. owing to their location, these antigens have the potential to elicit numerous activities, including immune response and adhesion. this study focuses on a hypothetical protein of leptospira, encoded by the gene lic11089, and its three derived fragments: the n-terminal, intermediate ... | 2015 | 25627443 |
| the sars coronavirus 3a protein binds calcium in its cytoplasmic domain. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is a positive stranded rna virus with ∼30kb genome. among all open reading frames (orfs) of this virus, the orf3a is the largest, and encodes a protein of 274 amino acids, named as 3a protein. sequence analysis suggests that the orf3a aligned to one calcium pump present in plasmodium falciparum and the enzyme glutamine synthetase found in leptospira interrogans. this sequence similarity was found to be limited only to amino acid residu ... | 2014 | 25116391 |
| biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from glucose with elevated 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction via combined citramalate and threonine pathway in escherichia coli. | the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers in escherichia coli from unrelated carbon sources becomes attractive nowadays. we previously developed a poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerte) (phbv) biosynthetic pathway from an unrelated carbon source via threonine metabolic route in e. coli (chen et al., appl environ microbiol 77:4886-4893, 2011). in our study, a citramalate pathway was introduced in recombinant e. coli by cloning a cima gene from leptospira interrogans. by blocking the py ... | 2014 | 24425304 |
| functional and immunological evaluation of two novel proteins of leptospira spp. | this work shows the production and characterization of two novel putative lipoproteins encoded by the genes lic10645 and lic10731 identified in the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans. in silico conservation analysis indicated that the proteins are well conserved among pathogenic leptospiral serovars and species. recombinant proteins were obtained in escherichia coli bl21(de3) star plyss strain, purified by metal-affinity chromatography, and used for characterization and immunological eva ... | 2014 | 24162609 |
| characterization of a bifunctional enzyme with (p)ppgpp-hydrolase/synthase activity in leptospira interrogans. | alarmone guanosine 5'-diphosphate (or 5'-triphosphate) 3'-diphosphate [(p)ppgpp] is the key component that globally regulates stringent control in bacteria. there are two homologous enzymes, rela and spot in escherichia coli, which are responsible for fluctuations in (p)ppgpp concentration inside the cell, whereas there exists only a single rela/spot enzyme in gram-positive bacteria. we have identified a bifunctional enzyme with (p)ppgpp-hydrolase/synthase activity in leptospira interrogans. we ... | 2013 | 24111633 |
| genetic and molecular biological characterization of two homologous cher genes from leptospira interrogans. | the leptospira interrogans genome encodes two copies of cher genes and each of them is able to complement for the swarming defective phenotype of escherichia coli cher null mutant rp1254 to certain extent, while over-expression of either of them inhibits the swarming of the chemotactic wild-type e. coli strain, rp437. therefore, both cher1 and cher2 ought to bear the methyltransferase activities, although cher1 has only one instead of two conserved basic amino acid residues located on the positi ... | 2013 | 23934012 |
| adhesin activity of leptospira interrogans lipoprotein identified by in vivo and in vitro shotgun phage display. | leptospira interrogans causes leptospirosis, one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world. this pathogenic spirochete is able to bind to extracellular matrix, to express virulent factors and to cause host death. until now, there is no effective human vaccine for the disease. shotgun phage display genomic libraries of l. interrogans were constructed and used for in vivo biopanning in hamsters and screened for ligands able to bind to llc-pk1 epithelial cells. in both panning procedures, c ... | 2013 | 23291183 |
| characterization of lic11207, a novel leptospiral protein that is recognized by human convalescent sera and prevents apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | we report the study of a predicted outer-membrane leptospiral protein encoded by the gene lic11207. this protein is conserved in several pathogenic leptospiral strains but is absent in the saprophyte leptospira biflexa. this putative outer-membrane protein has a domain of unknown function (duf) 1565 found in several phylogenetically diverse bacteria and in the archaeon methanosarcina acetivorans. the gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (si) strain using the expression vector p ... | 2013 | 23092690 |
| lsa30, a novel adhesin of leptospira interrogans binds human plasminogen and the complement regulator c4bp. | pathogenic leptospira is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a life-threatening disease that affects populations worldwide. surface proteins have the potential to promote several activities, including adhesion. this work aimed to study the leptospiral coding sequence (cds) lic11087, genome annotated as hypothetical outer membrane protein. the lic11087 gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) strain by using the expression vector pae. the recombinant protein tagged with n- ... | 2012 | 22732096 |
| characterization of acetyl-coa and propionyl-coa carboxylases encoded by leptospira interrogans serovar lai: an initial biochemical study for leptospiral gluconeogenesis via anaplerotic co(2) assimilation. | leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis. the in vitro growth of l. interrogans requires co(2) and a partial 3-hydroxypropionate pathway involving two acyl-coa carboxylases was suggested by genomic analysis to assimilate co(2). either set of the candidate genes heterologously co-expressed in escherichia coli was able to demonstrate both acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) and propionyl-coa carboxylase (pcc) activities. the tri-subunit holoenzyme (la_2736-la_2735 and la_3803), alth ... | 2012 | 22710261 |
| kinetic and structural characterization of a typical two-cysteine peroxiredoxin from leptospira interrogans exhibiting redox sensitivity. | little is known about the mechanisms by which leptospira interrogans, the causative agent of leptospirosis, copes with oxidative stress at the time it establishes persistent infection within its human host. we report the molecular cloning of a gene encoding a 2-cys peroxiredoxin (linahpc) from this bacterium. after bioinformatic analysis we found that linahpc contains the characteristic ggig and yf motifs present in peroxiredoxins that are sensitive to overoxidation (mainly eukaryotic proteins). ... | 2014 | 25236736 |
| a survey of rodent-borne pathogens carried by wild rattus spp. in northern vietnam. | to examine the prevalence of human pathogens carried by rats in urban areas in hanoi and hai phong, vietnam, we live-trapped 100 rats in january 2011 and screened them for a panel of bacteria and viruses. antibodies against leptospira interrogans (22·0%), seoul virus (14·0%) and rat hepatitis e virus (23·0%) were detected in rats, but antibodies against yersinia pestis were not detected. antibodies against l. interrogans and seoul virus were found only in adult rats. in contrast, antibodies to r ... | 2013 | 23114204 |
| severe leptospirosis complicated by epstein-barr virus reactivation. | weil's disease is a severe, potentially fatal illness following leptospira interrogans infection. the reported case of a patient suffering from acute renal failure, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis and encephalitis syndrome highlights the clinical challenge in reference to weil syndrome complicated by epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation. | 2015 | 25987479 |
| comparative analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of leptospira species. | select species of the bacterial genus leptospira are causative agents of leptospirosis, an emerging global zoonosis affecting nearly one million people worldwide annually. we examined two leptospira pathogens, leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo-bovis str. l550, as well as the free-living leptospiral saprophyte, leptospira biflexa serovar patoc str. 'patoc 1 (ames)'. the transport proteins of these leptospires were identified and compared us ... | 2016 | 27296707 |
| etiological agents causing leptospirosis in sri lanka: a review. | to systematically review the etiological agent causing human leptospirosis in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27086159 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis in the urine of naturally infected cattle in brazil. | most epidemiologic studies on bovine leptospirosis are based on serological tests that use antibodies against several serotypes, including the serovar hardjo, which is widespread and considered to be the most adapted to bovine hosts. however, using only serological studies is not sufficient to identify and distinguish species of leptospires. the aim of this study was report the first isolation in brazil of two strains serovar hardjo obtained in urine samples from naturally infected cows in a sma ... | 2016 | 26909976 |
| multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of leptospiral strains isolated from two geographic locations of tamil nadu, india. | here the rodent carrier status for the transmission of human leptospirosis in tiruchirappalli, district, tamil nadu, india was assessed. the predominantly circulating leptospiral sts were recognized by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). a total of 113 rodents were trapped from different provinces of the tiruchirappalli district. the most prevalent rodent was bandicota bengalensis (37.2%), and of the total, 52.2% (n=59) rodents were found to be positive for leptospiral 16s rrna. these results wer ... | 2016 | 26577860 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of leptospira interrogans and leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from small feral and wild mammals in east asia. | leptospira spp. are the causative agents of a worldwide zoonosis, leptospirosis, maintained by various mammals. each leptospira serovar is frequently associated with a particular maintenance host, and recently, leptospira genotype-host association has also been suggested to limit serovars to restricted areas. we investigated the molecular characteristics of l. interrogans and l. borgpetersenii which were isolated from small feral and wild animals in four east asian states using multiple-locus va ... | 2015 | 26296603 |
| risk factors for new infection with leptospira in meat workers in new zealand. | to evaluate risk factors for new infection with leptospira interrogans sv pomona and leptospira borgpetersenii sv hardjo in meat workers. | 2015 | 25520373 |
| interlaboratory and between-specimen comparisons of diagnostic tests for leptospirosis in sheep and cattle. | a study was performed to investigate interlaboratory test agreement between a research and a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory on blood and urine samples, and to investigate test agreement between blood, urine, and kidney samples (research laboratory) for leptospirosis diagnosis. samples were sourced from 399 sheep and 146 beef cattle from a local abattoir. interlaboratory agreement for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) results on urine samples was almost perfect ... | 2014 | 25292194 |
| risk of infection and associated influenza-like disease among abattoir workers due to two leptospira species. | the aims of this study were to determine the annual incidence of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and/or leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo and its association with influenza-like illness (ili) in meat workers in new zealand. sera were collected twice, 50-61 weeks apart, from 592 workers at eight abattoirs slaughtering sheep (n = 4), cattle (n = 2) and deer (n = 2), and tested by the microscopic agglutination test for hardjo and pomona. forty-nine (8·3%) participants ei ... | 2015 | 25266854 |
| shedding and seroprevalence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in sheep and cattle at a new zealand abattoir. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on sheep and cattle slaughtered at a new zealand abattoir from september to november 2010 to investigate the supplier-specific shedding rate, renal carriage rate and seroprevalence of leptospires. in the 2008/2009 season, this abattoir experienced three human leptospirosis cases from 20 staff, of which two were hospitalized. urine, kidney and blood samples were collected from carcasses of 399 sheep (six suppliers, 17 slaughter lines) and 146 cattle (three ... | 2015 | 25043226 |
| neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (procyon lotor) in indiana, usa. | leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and animals. | 2014 | 24784701 |
| diversification of an emerging pathogen in a biodiversity hotspot: leptospira in endemic small mammals of madagascar. | biodiversity hotspots and associated endemism are ideal systems for the study of parasite diversity within host communities. here, we investigated the ecological and evolutionary forces acting on the diversification of an emerging bacterial pathogen, leptospira spp., in communities of endemic malagasy small mammals. we determined the infection rate with pathogenic leptospira in 20 species of sympatric rodents (subfamily nesomyinae) and tenrecids (family tenrecidae) at two eastern humid forest lo ... | 2014 | 24784171 |
| seroprevalence and exposure to risk factors for leptospirosis among veterinary students at massey university. | to determine the seroprevalence and quantify putative risk factors for exposure to leptospirosis both within and outside the veterinary curriculum among undergraduate veterinary students at massey university, new zealand. | 2014 | 24350827 |
| high virulence in hamsters of four dominant leptospira serovars isolated from rats in the philippines. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. the aim of this study was to determine and characterize the pathogenicity of four dominant leptospira isolates prevailing among rats in the philippines. the isolates were leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain k64, l. interrogans serovar losbanos strain k37, l. interrogans serovar ratnapura strain k5 and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica strain k6. pathogenicities were studied using hamsters, which reproduce severe huma ... | 2014 | 24257815 |
| expansion of the in vitro assay for leptospira potency testing to other serovars: case study with leptospira hardjo. | evaluation of leptospiral vaccines for potency against leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and grippotyphosa is accomplished using the hamster potency test method described in 9 cfr 113.101-104. applicability of this method to evaluation of bacterins developed for immunization against infection with l. interrogans serovar hardjo or leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is complicated by several issues. information from research on target host animal efficacy ... | 2013 | 23838569 |
| identification of epitopes in leptospira borgpetersenii leucine-rich repeat proteins. | leptospirosis is considered to be a re-emerging disease that has impacts on public health both globally and in and thailand. the leptospires outbreak in thailand during 1999 was largely due to the etiologic agent leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup sejroe. this had a related immunity profile in cows from thailand, which serovars tarassovi and sejroe were prevalent. development of a vaccine protecting against leptospiral infection in livestock has been considered. one family of proteins being tar ... | 2013 | 23201041 |
| molecular characterization by lssp-pcr and dna sequencing of a pathogenic isolate of leptospira interrogans from brazil. | we report the initial characterization of a leptospiral isolate, leptospira interrogans, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjoprajitno, strain norma, and its relatedness with l. interrogans, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjoprajitno, strain hardjo and leptospira borgpetersenii, serogroup sejroe, serovar hardjo, genotype hardjobovis, strain sponselee. the norma strain singled out during a leptospirosis outbreak in cattle immunized with antigens from the reference strai ... | 2012 | 23057087 |
| a serological survey of leptospiral antibodies in dogs in new zealand. | to investigate the prevalence of titres to four endemic leptospiral serovars in dog sera from the lower half of the north island, and the south island of new zealand submitted to diagnostic laboratories, and to explore the association between the prevalence of seropositive samples to leptospirosis and breed group, age group and sex. | 2013 | 23013160 |
| longitudinal serological survey and herd-level risk factors for leptospira spp. serovars hardjo-bovis and pomona on deer farms with sheep and/or beef cattle. | to investigate the seroprevalence of leptospira spp. serovars hardjo-bovis and pomona on deer and mixed deer, sheep and/or beef cattle farms in the lower north island of new zealand and to examine associations between putative risk factors for seropositive deer herds. | 2012 | 22506918 |
| prevalence of antibody to six leptospira servovars in swedish wild boars. | zoonotic leptospira bacteria are pathogens that may increase in importance with climate change. we investigated the prevalence of antibody to six leptospira serovars (sv) in the swedish wild boar (sus scrofa) population, which is increasing in number and geographic distribution. the serovars we selected cause disease in pigs or may be of use as sentinel serovars to measure the potential spread in swedish fauna. in total, 386 serum samples from wild boars collected between 2005 and 2007 were inve ... | 2012 | 22493129 |
| a comparative analysis of the attachment of leptospira interrogans and l. borgpetersenii to mammalian cells. | leptospirosis, the world's most ubiquitous zoonosis, is caused by pathogenic leptospira. as microbe-host interactions are specific in pathogenesis, it is likely that there are several molecules mediating the attachment of the leptospira to mammalian cells. in this study, we analysed the attachment of leptospira interrogans serovar portlandvere and leptospira borgpetersenii serovar jules to untreated hep-2 cells or hep-2 cells treated with the various enzymes, lectins or sugars and to integrins α ... | 2012 | 22409511 |
| rapid maldi-tof mass spectrometry identification of leptospira organisms. | leptospirosis is a worldwide deadly zoonotic disease. accurate identification of the causative leptospira spp. spirochetes ascertains the pathogenic status of the isolates, identifies potential source of infection and recognises outbreaks. species identification is currently based on technically demanding, time and resources consuming serological and molecular methods. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) recently emerged as a first-line met ... | 2012 | 22386673 |
| comparison of leptospira interrogans and leptospira biflexa genomes: analysis of potential leptospiral-host interactions. | leptospirosis, a potentially life-threatening disease, remains the most widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. the pathogenic spirochaete, leptospira interrogans, is characterized by its ability to permeate human host tissues rapidly and colonize multiple organs in the host. in spite of the efforts taken to comprehend the pathophysiology of the pathogen and the heterogeneity posed by l. interrogans, the current knowledge on the mechanism of pathogenesis is modest. in an ... | 2017 | 28294222 |
| crystallization of fcpa from leptospira, a novel flagellar protein that is essential for pathogenesis. | the protein fcpa is a unique component of the flagellar filament of spirochete bacteria belonging to the genus leptospira. although it plays an essential role in translational motility and pathogenicity, no structures of fcpa homologues are currently available in the pdb. its three-dimensional structure will unveil the novel motility mechanisms that render pathogenic leptospira particularly efficient at invading and disseminating within their hosts, causing leptospirosis in humans and animals. f ... | 2017 | 28291747 |
| animal models of leptospirosis: of mice and hamsters. | pathogenic leptospira sp. are spirochetal bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, an emerging worldwide zoonosis. these spirochetes are very successful pathogens that infect a wide range of hosts such as fish, reptiles, birds, marsupials, and mammals. transmission occurs when chronically infected animals excrete live bacteria in their urine, contaminating the environment. leptospira sp. enter their hosts through damaged skin and mucosa. chronically infected rats and mice are asymptomatic and are ... | 2017 | 28270811 |
| [epidemiological investigation of two leptospirosis death cases in guizhou province]. | objective: to conduct an epidemiological investigation of two leptospirosis death cases reported in guizhou province in 2014. methods: the information of the patients were investigated and analyzed. the serological detection, samples of the two patients was detected using elisa and microscopic agglutination test (mat). leptospira carrier status of murine host animal in the living environment of the two patients was investigated in october and november of 2014. leptospires in the kidney were cult ... | 2017 | 28260339 |
| adipose tissue is the first colonization site of leptospira interrogans in subcutaneously infected hamsters. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world, and its most severe form in humans, "weil's disease," may lead to jaundice, hemorrhage, renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome, and sometimes,fatal multiple organ failure. although the mechanisms underlying jaundice in leptospirosis have been gradually unraveled, the pathophysiology and distribution of leptospires during the early stage of infection are not well understood. therefore, we investigated the hamster leptospiros ... | 2017 | 28245231 |
| seeking the environmental source of leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial viability in river soils. | leptospirosis is an important re-emerging infectious disease that affects humans worldwide. infection occurs from indirect environment-mediated exposure to pathogenic leptospires through contaminated watered environments. the ability of pathogenic leptospires to persist in the aqueous environment is a key factor in transmission to new hosts. hence, an effort was made to detect pathogenic leptospires in complex environmental samples, to genotype positive samples and to assess leptospiral viabilit ... | 2017 | 28241042 |
| il-10 deficient mice express ifn-γ mrna and clear leptospira interrogans from their kidneys more rapidly than normal c57bl/6 mice. | leptospira interrogans (l. interrogans), the causative agent of leptospirosis, is a widespread zoonotic spirochete that lives a dual lifestyle. l. interrogans infects mice, rats, and wildlife in a persistent and asymptomatic fashion, while also causing productive and acute infections in other mammals such as humans and hamsters. infections in humans can be fatal, accompanied by a cytokine storm and shock-like symptoms. production of il-10 has been noted in both rodent and human infections which ... | 2017 | 28237664 |
| leptospira interrogans serogroup pomona infections in the uk: is there a real threat for farm animals? | current typing of leptospira strains requires a combination of both serological and molecular methods. study of the epidemiology of strains within the pomona serogroup has proved problematic due to the limitations of serological typing methods. this is particularly true of the two main complexes within this group, namely the pomona, monjakov, kennewicki cluster in leptospira interrogans species and the mozdok, tsaratsovo, kunming, altodouro cluster in leptospira kirschneri strains from the south ... | 2017 | 28213528 |
| inhibitory effects of emodin, thymol, and astragalin on leptospira interrogans-induced inflammatory response in the uterine and endometrium epithelial cells of mice. | leptospirosis is a systemic infection that causes, among others, acute kidney injury, acute liver disease, muscle pain, vasculitis, bleeding disorders, and reproductive loss. in an effort to reduce uterine inflammatory responses induced by leptospira, we evaluated the anti-inflammation effects of emodin, thymol, and astragalin in a mouse model. our results showed that treatment with emodin, thymol, and astragalin alleviated uterine inflammation induced by leptospira infection via suppression of ... | 2017 | 28210912 |
| detecting signals of chronic shedding to explain pathogen persistence: leptospira interrogans in california sea lions. | identifying mechanisms driving pathogen persistence is a vital component of wildlife disease ecology and control. asymptomatic, chronically infected individuals are an oft-cited potential reservoir of infection, but demonstrations of the importance of chronic shedding to pathogen persistence at the population-level remain scarce. studying chronic shedding using commonly collected disease data is hampered by numerous challenges, including short-term surveillance that focuses on single epidemics a ... | 2017 | 28207932 |
| distinct antibody responses of patients with mild and severe leptospirosis determined by whole proteome microarray analysis. | leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease worldwide. humans usually present a mild non-specific febrile illness, but a proportion of them develop more severe outcomes, such as multi-organ failure, lung hemorrhage and death. such complications are thought to depend on several factors, including the host immunity. protective immunity is associated with humoral immune response, but little is known about the immune response mounted during naturally-acquired leptospira infection. | 2017 | 28141801 |
| jarisch-herxheimer reaction among patients with leptospirosis: incidence and risk factors. | a jarisch-herxheimer reaction (jhr) may be precipitated after initiation of chemotherapy in spirochetal diseases, including leptospirosis. however, a clear idea of the importance of jhr in this disease is lacking. the incidence of and risk factors for jhr were investigated retrospectively among 262 patients with confirmed leptospirosis who received amoxicillin treatment in new caledonia and futuna. the overall rate of jhr was 21% (12% in new caledonia and 44% in futuna). two risk factors were in ... | 2017 | 28115662 |
| eyedrop inoculation causes sublethal leptospirosis in mice. | leptospirosis is potentially a fatal zoonosis acquired by contact of skin and mucosal surfaces with soil and water contaminated with infected urine. we analyzed the outcome of infection of c3h/hej mice with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni using an enzootic mode of transmission, the conjunctival route. infection led to weight loss and l. interrogans dissemination from blood to urine, and spirochetes were detected in blood and urine simultaneously. the infectious dose that led to consis ... | 2017 | 28115508 |
| low-dose norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin therapy worsen leptospirosis in hamster. | antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of leptospirosis. many antibiotics at appropriate concentrations improved the survival rate and alleviated tissue injury, while, when dosing strategies fall below subtherapeutic levels, worse therapeutic effects are seen. in the present study, we investigated the efficacy of low-dose norfloxacin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) and ciprofloxacin (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg) against leptospirosis in a hamster model using leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrh ... | 2017 | 27894961 |
| the ebpa-rpon regulatory pathway of the pathogen leptospira interrogans is essential for survival in the environment. | leptospira interrogans is the agent of leptospirosis, a reemerging zoonotic disease. it is transmitted to humans through environmental surface waters contaminated by the urine of mammals chronically infected by pathogenic strains able to survive in water for long periods. little is known about the regulatory pathways underlying environmental sensing and host adaptation of l. interrogans during its enzootic cycle. this study identifies the ebpa-rpon regulatory pathway in l. interrogans in this pa ... | 2017 | 27864172 |
| evidence for wild crocodiles as a risk for human leptospirosis, mexico. | sentinel species such as crocodilians are used to monitor the health of ecosystems. however, few studies have documented the presence of zoonotic diseases in wild populations of these reptiles. herein we analyzed 48 serum samples from crocodylus acutus (n = 34) and c. moreletii (n = 14) from different sites in the state of quintana roo (mexico) to detect antibodies to leptospira interrogans by means of a microscopic agglutination test (mat). crocodylus acutus and c. moreletii tested positive to ... | 2017 | 27807634 |
| leptospira interrogans in rodents from cape verde. | leptospirosis is an important worldwide zoonotic disease that can infect both animals and humans. in most cases, leptospirosis is a nonspecific self-limiting illness, but some patients can develop a severe form with a high mortality. this study was carried out in santiago island, cape verde, in 2012-2013. a total of 62 wild rodents (rattus rattus and mus domesticus) were analyzed. the lipl32 gene, present only in pathogenic leptospira spp., was amplified by pcr, and 16 samples were positive (25. ... | 2016 | 27482622 |
| evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states. | leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. in the united states, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, bratislava, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona. over the past few years, feral swine populations have expanded their geographical range and distribution in the united states with reports in at least 39 of 50 states. since feral swine serve as reservoirs for serovars that c ... | 2017 | 27697080 |
| preliminary evaluation of a dual antigen elisa to distinguish vaccinated from leptospira infected horses. | immunogenic proteins of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki (lk) including sph1, liga, hsp15 and lipl45 (qlp42) are up-regulated in infected horses but are undetectable or expressed in trace amounts on cultured organisms. in contrast, lipl32 is abundant on cultured lk and elicits infection antibody responses. the aim of this study was to develop an elisa based on lipl32 or lk sonicate and host-induced proteins to differentiate vaccine from infection serum antibody. igg specific ... | 2016 | 27650465 |
| toll-like receptor 2 agonist pam3csk4 alleviates the pathology of leptospirosis in hamster. | leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes, is a zoonotic disease of global importance. the detailed pathogenesis of leptospirosis is still unclear, which limits the ideal treatment of leptospirosis. in this study, we analyzed the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 in target organs of both resistant mice and susceptible hamsters after leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis infection. tlr2 but not tlr4 transcripts in mouse organs contrasted with delayed induction and overe ... | 2016 | 27620721 |
| [a case of leptospirosis in which the causative pathogen was detected using cerebrospinal fluid pcr eight days after onset]. | we report a patient with leptospirosis caused by infection with leptospira interrogans serovar rachmati. a 30-year-old japanese man took part in a survival camp on iriomote island, okinawa, from july 9 to july 15, 2014. during the camp, he swam in the river and kayaked. he developed a high fever and fatigue 7 days after completing his trip and was admitted to our hospital on july 22. on admission, he complained of a posterior cervical pain and a loss of appetite. laboratory findings revealed gra ... | 2016 | 27529969 |
| mammalian cell entry (mce) protein of leptospira interrogans binds extracellular matrix components, plasminogen and β2 integrin. | a severe re-emergingzoonosis, leptospirosis, is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. several studies have identified leptospiral surface proteins with the ability to bind ecm and plasma components, which could mediate adhesion and invasion through the hosts. it has been shown that mce of pathogenic leptospira spp. is an rgd (arg-gly-asp)-motif-dependent virulence factor, responsible for infection of cells and animals. in the present article, we decided to further study the r ... | 2016 | 27468683 |
| leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava and muenchen animal infections: implications for epidemiology and control. | strains of leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars - bratislava and muenchen - have been associated with disease in domestic animals, in particular pigs, but also in horses and dogs. similar strains have also been recovered from various wildlife species. their epidemiology is poorly understood. two hundred and forty seven such isolates, from uk domestic animal and wildlife species, were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis in an attempt to elucidate their e ... | 2016 | 27283852 |
| molecular and serological characterization of the first leptospira santarosai strain isolated from a dog. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance caused by pathogenic leptospira species. dogs can become asymptomatically infected, acting like reservoir hosts for pathogenic leptospira, notably leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. identification of such individuals and characterization of leptospires involved in chronic infections may unravel the role of dogs in the epidemiology of particular leptospiral strains. the aim of the present work was to describe the first leptospira sant ... | 2016 | 27282095 |
| decrease in antithrombin iii and prothrombin serum levels contribute to coagulation disorders during leptospirosis. | pathogenic bacteria of the genus leptospira are the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emergent infectious disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. severe forms of the disease in humans include jaundice, multiple organ failure and intense haemorrhage. up to now, mechanisms associated with the haemorrhage foci are poorly understood. we report in this work that, despite the low levels of antithrombin iii in convalescent human serum samples, virulent, culture-attenuated and saprophyte s ... | 2016 | 27260249 |
| the adaptor molecule trif contributes to murine host defense during leptospiral infection. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease and is caused by pathogenic species of the leptospira genus, including leptospira interrogans (l. interrogans). humans, domestic and wild animals are susceptible to acute or chronic infection. the innate immune response is a critical defense mechanism against leptospira interrogans, and has been investigated in mouse models. murine toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to be key factors in sensing and responding to l. interrogans infection. specifically, ... | 2016 | 27259371 |
| evaluation of two novel leptospiral proteins for their interaction with human host components. | pathogenic species of the genus leptospira are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, the most widespread zoonosis. mechanisms involved in leptospiral pathogenesis are not well understood. by data mining the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans we have identified two proteins predicted to be surface exposed, lic10821 and lic10064. immunofluorescence and proteinase k assays confirmed that the proteins are exposed. reactivity of the recombinant proteins with human sera has shown that rlic1 ... | 2016 | 27129366 |
| [production of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during stimulation by live and inactivated leptospira pathogens in the model of human whole blood]. | study of the ability of clinical isolates of leptospira to cause production of certain pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in the model of human whole blood. | 2016 | 26950985 |
| dual nuclease activity of a cas2 protein in crispr-cas subtype i-b of leptospira interrogans. | leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain fiocruz l1-130 carries a set of cas genes associated with crispr-cas subtype i-b. herein, we report for the first time active transcription of a set of cas genes (cas1 to cas8) of l. interrogans where cas4, cas1, cas2 and cas6, cas3, cas8, cas7, cas5 are clustered together in two independent operons. as an initial step toward comprehensive understanding of crispr-cas system in spirochete, the biochemical study of one of the core leptospira cas2 p ... | 2016 | 26950513 |
| plasmin cleaves fibrinogen and the human complement proteins c3b and c5 in the presence of leptospira interrogans proteins: a new role of liga and ligb in invasion and complement immune evasion. | plasminogen is a single-chain glycoprotein found in human plasma as the inactive precursor of plasmin. when converted to proteolytically active plasmin, plasmin(ogen) regulates both complement and coagulation cascades, thus representing an important target for pathogenic microorganisms. leptospira interrogans binds plasminogen, which is converted to active plasmin. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are surface exposed molecules that interact with extracellular matrix components and ... | 2016 | 26822552 |
| recovery of leptospires in short- and medium-term cryopreservation using different glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations. | cryopreservation is a recognized method for the maintenance of leptospira collections. although cryoprotectants are commonly used in order to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of freezing, there is no consensus regarding the protocols of cryopreservation. this study aimed to compare cryopreservation protocols for leptospira using different glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) concentrations. leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, l. interrogans serovar bratislava, and l. borgp ... | 2016 | 26808330 |
| multiple specificities of immunoglobulin m in equine fetuses infected with leptospira interrogans indicate a competent immune response. | foals of mares infected with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki (lk) may be aborted/stillborn or delivered as healthy foals. is fetal survival explained in part by the immune response of the fetus to leptospira antigens? | 2016 | 26671764 |
| serologic survey and results of urinary pcr testing for leptospirosis in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and a wide variety of mammal species worldwide. often, rodents and wild animals are identified as important reservoirs for the disease. twenty-two captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) housed within a zoo were examined as part of a routine census and preventive medicine program. during examinations, blood and urine were collected to screen for exposure to, or infection with, leptosp ... | 2015 | 26667541 |
| seroprevalence of nine leptospira interrogans serovars in wild carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a zoo population in a metropolitan region of chile. | serum samples from 130 individuals representing 42 species of carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a population of captive mammals in metropolitan region in chile were tested for antibodies against nine serovars of leptospira interrogans using the microscopic agglutination test. ten percent of the animals were seropositive to one or more serovars. seroprevalence was significantly higher in ungulates (20.4%) compared to carnivores (3.8%) and primates (3.4%). there were no significant differen ... | 2015 | 26667533 |
| isolation and clinical sample typing of human leptospirosis cases in argentina. | leptospira typing is carried out using isolated strains. because of difficulties in obtaining them, direct identification of infective leptospira in clinical samples is a high priority. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) proved highly discriminatory for seven pathogenic species of leptospira, allowing isolate characterization and robust assignment to species, in addition to phylogenetic evidence for the relatedness between species. in this study we characterized leptospira strains circulating in ... | 2016 | 26658064 |
| the recombinant lic10508 is a plasma fibronectin, plasminogen, fibrinogen and c4bp-binding protein of leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. in this study, we report that the recombinant proteins lic10507, lic10508 and lic10509 are recognized by confirmed leptospirosis serum samples at both phases of the disease. the recombinant rlic10508 and rlic10507 are plasminogen (plg)-binding proteins, capable of generating plasmin in the presence of a plg activator. the proteins bind to plg in a dose-dependent and saturable manner, fulfilling host-ligand interaction. furthermore, ... | 2016 | 26657108 |
| leptospira interrogans lsa23 protein recruits plasminogen, factor h and c4bp from normal human serum and mediates c3b and c4b degradation. | it has been reported that pathogenic leptospira are resistant to normal human serum (nhs) due to their ability to evade the complement immune system by interacting with factor h (fh) and c4b-binding protein (c4bp) regulators. moreover, plasmin generation on the leptospiral surface diminishes c3b and igg deposition, decreasing opsonophagocytosis by immune competent cells. we have previously reported that lsa23 (lic11360) is a multipurpose protein capable of binding purified extracellular matrix m ... | 2016 | 26614523 |
| highly pathogenic leptospira found in urban brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in the largest cities of sweden. | leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis of global concern; however, its contemporary occurrence in sweden, a european country partly located north of the arctic circle, is poorly known. four out of 30 brown rats, captured within urban districts in sweden, were found to be positive for antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. this serovar causes weil's disease in humans, a severe infection with jaundice, renal failure, and hemorrhage. our study is the first finding of this ... | 2015 | 26579782 |
| characterization of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona isolated from swine in brazil. | leptospira interrogans swine infection is a cause of serious economic loss and a potential human health hazard. in brazil, the most common serovars associated with swine infections are pomona, icterohaemorrhagie and tarassovi. cross-reactions among serovars and the failure of infected animals to seroconvert may complicate the interpretation of serological tests. molecular methods with better discriminatory powers are useful tools for swine leptospirosis characterization and diagnosis. | 2015 | 26517479 |
| solution structure of leptospiral liga4 big domain. | pathogenic leptospiraspecies express immunoglobulin-like proteins which serve as adhesins to bind to the extracellular matrices of host cells. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein a (liga), a surface exposed protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial immunoglobulin-like (big) domains, has been proved to be involved in the interaction of pathogenic leptospira with mammalian host. in this study, the solution structure of the fourth big domain of liga (liga4 big domain) from leptospira inter ... | 2015 | 26449456 |
| is it too cold for leptospira interrrogans transmission on the faroese islands? | leptospira interrogans is a bacterium that can infect most mammal species. brown rats are considered to be one of the most important reservoirs of leptospira because they frequently are infected and live in close proximity to humans. past studies of prevalence of leptospira in brown rats indicate that temperature--both high and low--may negatively affect the prevalence rate in rats, so that leptospira is rare or even absent at temperatures below 7-8 °c. here we investigated the prevalence of inf ... | 2016 | 26442766 |
| usage of a selective media (emjh-staff) in primary culturing of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples. | isolation of local strains is mandatory for the success of control programs. however, clinical samples are typically contaminated by other bacteria, which impair leptospires growth. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a previously reported emjh-staff media in the recovery of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples, namely urine (n = 123) and vaginal fluid-vf (n = 102). emjh-staff presented less contamination than emjh (<0·005), which was more evident in vf culture tu ... | 2015 | 26408270 |
| molecular studies on european equine isolates of leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava and muenchen. | strains of leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars – bratislava and muenchen – are known to cause widespread infection of the horse population in many parts of the world. conventional serological typing of isolates has been unable to differentiate between wildlife, pig, dog and possibly horse maintained isolates and therefore has been unable to provide further insight into their diversity and the relationship between them. twenty-one such european isolates of serova ... | 2015 | 26165505 |
| molecular characterization of leptospira sp by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) from clinical samples: a case report. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection for which diagnosis is difficult. it has appeared as a global emerging infectious disease over recent years. genotype determination often requires a leptospira strain obtained by culture, which is a long and fastidious technique. a method based on multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) to determine the genotype of leptospira interrogans, performed directly on blood or urine samples, is proposed. this method was applied to a fatal case of le ... | 2015 | 26159846 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from canis familiaris in southern brazil. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes from the genus leptospira, which includes 20 species and more than 300 serovars. canines are important hosts of pathogenic leptospires and can transmit the pathogen to humans via infected urine. here, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from canis familiaris in southern brazil. the isolated strain was characterized by variable-number tandem-repeats analysis as l. interrogan ... | 2015 | 26100241 |