| dissemination of chlamydia pneumoniae to the vessel wall in atherosclerosis. | heart disease and stroke are the result of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. it is becoming increasingly clear that an infection may be an important initiating component within the atherogenic process. however, in order for the infection to contribute to atherosclerosis, it must first be capable of disseminating to the vessel wall. chlamydia pneumoniae is an example of an infectious atherogenic stimulus. the present treatise reviews our knowledge concerning dissemination of infectious agents lik ... | 2003 | 12841348 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae binds to platelets and triggers p-selectin expression and aggregation: a causal role in cardiovascular disease? | evidence linking chlamydia pneumoniae to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is expanding. platelets are considered to play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases; however, so far platelets have not been associated with an infectious cause of atherosclerosis. this study aims to clarify the interaction between c pneumoniae and platelets and possibly present a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. | 2003 | 12842841 |
| efficacy and tolerability of once-daily oral therapy with telithromycin compared with trovafloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | a randomised, double-blind study of adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) resulted in clinical cure rates of 90.0% for telithromycin and 94.2% for trovafloxacin. bacteriological eradication rates were also comparable for both treatments. all high-risk patients (i.e. > or = 65 years old [n=25], pneumonia severity index score > or = 111 [n=16], pneumococcal bacteraemia [n=4]) were clinically cured. in infections caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae, cli ... | 2003 | 12846341 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae, overall and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease (esrd). | cross-sectional and retrospective studies suggest that chlamydia pneumoniae infection may contribute importantly to the high cardiovascular risk of patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). | 2003 | 12846753 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae in children with ms: frequency and quantity of intrathecal antibodies. | the authors investigated the frequency and quantity of intrathecal antibody synthesis against chlamydia pneumoniae and the presence of c pneumoniae antigen in 25 children with ms. c pneumoniae genome was present in two children. in seven children an intrathecal synthesis of c pneumoniae antibodies was detected, representing only a small part of the total intrathecal immunoglobulin g, suggesting that this intrathecal synthesis is part of a polyspecific, oligoclonal immune response. | 2003 | 12847174 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae, atherosclerosis, and coronary disease]. | there is an increasing body of evidence that links chlamydia pneumoniae infections to atherosclerosis and the clinical complications of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and stroke. several epidemiologic reports indicate an association between the presence and titer of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and atherosclerosis and its complications. other studies show the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydial antigens or nucleic acid in atherosclerotic plaques. moreover, experimental studie ... | 2003 | 12848076 |
| [study on the correlation of between infection, inflammation and coronary artery disease]. | recently studies showed infections of chlamydia pneumoniae (cp), helicobacter pylori (hp) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) played roles in the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to study relationship between infection of cp, hp and cmv, systemic inflammation and coronary artery disease (cad). | 2003 | 12848920 |
| mhc class ii peptide flanking residues of exogenous antigens influence recognition by autoreactive t cells. | molecular mimicry between exogenous microbial antigens and self-epitopes has been proposed as a triggering mechanism for autoimmune diseases for many years. we reported that a peptide from a protein specific to chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn0483) which shares a motif with the dominant encephalitogenic epitope of the self-antigen, rat myelin basic protein (rat68-86), elicits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in lewis rats. we recently observed that rat68-86 utilizes aspartic acid (d) and ... | 2003 | 12848969 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae in women with preeclampsia. | | 2003 | 12850633 |
| neopterin levels in patients with coronary artery disease are independent of chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity. | chronic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in sero-epidemiological, pathological and animal-model studies. inflammation and immune activation has been proposed as the pathophysiological link between chronic infection and atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to assess whether cpn seropositivity is associated with serum neopterin concentrations, a marker of macrophage activation, in patients with stable and unstable angin ... | 2003 | 12851610 |
| [prolonged febrile syndrome and chlamydia pneumoniae infection]. | | 2003 | 12855118 |
| [clinical features of 77 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | to analyze the clinical features of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the value for caring of patients suspected of having this disease. | 2003 | 12857492 |
| carotid artery lesions and atherosclerotic risk factors in japanese hemodialysis patients. | to determine the prevalence and severity of carotid artery lesions and which risk factors might be responsible for atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients, we tested for carotid atherosclerosis (ca) by ultrasonography and compared the ca prevalence with well-known or suspected atherosclerotic risk factors in 226 hemodialysis (hd) patients and 2410 healthy residents of japan. the ca prevalence was higher in the hd patients than in the healthy residents. univariate analysis show ... | 2003 | 12860266 |
| hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition reduces chlamydia pneumoniae-induced cell interaction and activation. | chlamydia pneumoniae stimulates chronic inflammation in vascular cells. hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors (statins) may have an ameliorating effect. we investigated possible mechanisms. | 2003 | 12860900 |
| acute-phase response of human hepatocytes after infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus. | there is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. whether inflammation is the cause or consequence of vascular damage is unclear. also, the source of inflammation is unknown, but may well be infection by cytomegalovirus (cmv) or chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae). infection of the liver by cmv or c. pneumoniae may induce a general inflammatory reaction contributing to accelerated atherogenesis. in this study we investigated the p ... | 2003 | 12864783 |
| small-fragment genomic libraries for the display of putative epitopes from clinically significant pathogens. | taking advantage of whole genome sequences of bacterial pathogens in many thriving diseases with global impact, we developed a comprehensive screening procedure for the identification of putative vaccine candidate antigens. importantly, this procedure relies on highly representative small-fragment genomic libraries that are expressed to display frame-selected epitope-size peptides on a bacterial cell surface and to interact directly with carefully selected disease-relevant high-titer sera. here ... | 2003 | 12866421 |
| molecular evidence for novel chlamydial infections in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia-related disease has a detrimental effect on australia's free-range koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations. the chlamydial species responsible for ocular, urogenital and respiratory disease in the koala have previously been identified as chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae. epizootiology studies have therefore used species specific pcr assays to detect chlamydial infections. in the current study, we used a broad range pcr amplification and cloning strategy to identify ... | 2003 | 12866851 |
| chronic chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in lung cancer, a risk factor: a case-control study. | the relationship between chronic chlamydophila (formerly chlamydia) pneumoniae infection and lung carcinoma was investigated. a total of 123 patients who were smokers and diagnosed with lung carcinoma based on clinical and laboratory (radiological, cytological) findings were examined. of these patients, 70 had small-cell, 28 squamous-cell and seven large-cell carcinomas, while 18 had adenocarcinoma. a total of 123 healthy persons matching patients in age, sex, duration of smoking and locality we ... | 2003 | 12867569 |
| [two cases of severe community-acquired pleural pneumonia due to streptococcus pyogenes]. | the microorganisms incriminated in severe community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized in intensive care unit are the following: streptococcus pneumoniae, enterobacteria isolated in aspiration-related pneumonia and less frequently intracellular bacteria in so-called atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila). | 2003 | 12870387 |
| [community acquired pneumonia in a hospitalized community: etiological study]. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) that requires hospitalization, is a common and serious disease. a permanent assessment in specialized centers, to define therapeutic guidelines according to local epidemiological factors, is mandatory. | 2003 | 12879810 |
| development of atherosclerosis and infectious agents. | | 2003 | 12879941 |
| an association between an antibody against chlamydia pneumoniae and ischemic stroke in elderly japanese. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) is an important pathogen for infections of the respiratory tract; recently, also a number of reports suggesting its relation to atherosclerosis. this study was performed to clarify the relation between cp infection and ischemic stroke. | 2003 | 12879948 |
| serological markers of chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus and helicobacter pylori infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with unstable angina pectoris. | the possible role of inflammation in coronary artery disease (cad) is being recognised, while markers of inflammation (e.g., crp) and infection with chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) have been proposed as risk factors for cad. however, these associations require further evaluation. it is a known fact that diabetic patients suffer from impaired immune response to some pathogens and a high incidence of atherosclerosis. in this case-cont ... | 2003 | 12884557 |
| multiple co-infections (mycoplasma, chlamydia, human herpes virus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms. | previously we and others found that a majority of chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) patients showed evidence of systemic mycoplasmal infections, and their blood tested positive using a polymerase chain reaction assay for at least one of the four following mycoplasma species: m. fermentans, m. hominis, m. pneumoniae or m. penetrans. consistent with previous results, patients in the current study (n=200) showed a high prevalence (overall 52%) of mycoplasmal infections. using forensic polymerase chain ... | 2003 | 12887507 |
| joint effects of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and classic coronary risk factors on risk of acute myocardial infarction. | although not in itself strongly predictive of coronary heart disease, chlamydia pneumoniae infection could interact with classic risk factors in determining risk of acute myocardial infarction (ami). | 2003 | 12891203 |
| levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and chlamydophila pneumoniae are increased in early onset pre-eclampsia. | the origins of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia lie in a mismatch between feto-placental demands and utero-placental supply, a situation that also arises in normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (iugr). could reactivated chronic infection be both a trigger for these differential maternal responses to the same underlying pathology and a link between pre-eclampsia and its attendant lifelong risks of atherosclerosis? | 2003 | 12892683 |
| [clinical reasoning and decision-making in practice. a young woman with fever, shortness of breath, and reduced consciousness]. | a 23-year-old woman with mild psychomotor retardation presented with fever, coughing, reduced consciousness and a stiff neck. a chest x-ray revealed an infiltrate in the left lower lobe; the cerebrospinal fluid was cloudy with a mild pleocytosis. ceftriaxone was prescribed and the fever subsided. on the second day of admission she had a seizure, and a paraparesis emerged. despite changes in the antibiotic regimen, her clinical condition hardly improved. on the fifth day, antibodies against mycop ... | 2003 | 12894464 |
| chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection increases the risk of occlusion of lumbar segmental arteries of patients with sciatica: a 3-year follow-up study. | a magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study of lumbar arteries among patients with sciatica with chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | 2003 | 12897506 |
| elucidation of cytomegalovirus disease recurrence in an hiv-1-positive patient. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is responsible for the most common opportunistic viral infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the colon is a common site for cmv infection in patients positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the clinical diagnosis of cmv infection is based on the characteristic endoscopic appearance of extensive ulceration of the gastric mucosa. | 2003 | 12898356 |
| human cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with impaired vascular function. | herpesvirus infection is a possible risk factor for atherogenesis, and diabetics may be at particular risk. endothelial dysfunction is an early marker for atherosclerosis, and the present study tests the hypotheses that (1) prior infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and (2) this may be more marked in diabetics. | 2003 | 12900349 |
| phylogenetics and the cohesion of bacterial genomes. | gene acquisition is an ongoing process in many bacterial genomes, contributing to adaptation and ecological diversification. lateral gene transfer is considered the primary explanation for discordance among gene phylogenies and as an obstacle to reconstructing the tree of life. we measured the extent of phylogenetic conflict and alien-gene acquisition within quartets of sequenced genomes. although comparisons of complete gene inventories indicate appreciable gain and loss of genes, orthologs ava ... | 2003 | 12907801 |
| coinfection with mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in ruptured plaques associated with acute myocardial infarction. | to study atheromas, mycoplasma pneumoniae (m. pneumoniae), and chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae). | 2003 | 12908069 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae as a biological factor contributing to pathological changes of arterial walls in patients with atherosclerosis]. | in this study, using scanning and transmission electron microscope, we attempt to evaluate ultrastructural alterations of endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscles cells. the inflammatory process has an essential impact on the development of chlamydia infection. specimens from human carotid were obtained from patients who underwent endarterectomy. for examination under scanning and transmission electron microscope vessel sections were fixed in paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. we anal ... | 2003 | 12910592 |
| in vitro activity of cethromycin, a novel antibacterial ketolide, against chlamydia pneumoniae. | to investigate the in vitro activity of cethromycin, a new ketolide, against chlamydia pneumoniae. | 2003 | 12917246 |
| antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and haemostatic factors in acute coronary syndrome without st segment elevation. | various chronic infections, including chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae), are regarded as one of the possible factors which initiates, progresses and exacerbates atherosclerotic process. the relationship between c. pneumoniae infection and haemostatic factors which also may promote atherosclerosis, has not yet been established. | 2002 | 12917724 |
| pathogenetic role of chlamydia pneumoniae in calcific aortic stenosis: immunohistochemistry study and review of the literature. | non-rheumatic, calcific aortic stenosis (as) is the most prevalent heart valve disease in the elderly. it is based on a chronic inflammatory process with infiltration and activation of leukocytes, and a rise in systemic inflammatory markers. an association with chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been discussed, but previous studies have yielded divergent results. | 2003 | 12918845 |
| impact of viral and bacterial burden on cognitive impairment in elderly persons with cardiovascular diseases. | inflammation and infectious etiology have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia. we sought to investigate whether the seropositivity of common infections was associated with cognitive function. | 2003 | 12920256 |
| microbiological etiology in clinically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in primary care in orebro, sweden. | to study the etiology of clinically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in antibiotically naive patients attending a primary care center and treated at their homes. | 2003 | 12925105 |
| telithromycin 800 mg once daily for seven to ten days is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. | this open, multinational study examined the efficacy and tolerability of telithromycin (hmr 3647), the first ketolide antibacterial agent, at an oral dose of 800 mg once daily for seven to ten days (further validated using pharmacokinetic analysis) as an empiric therapy in adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2003 | 12925111 |
| no evidence of skin infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with cutaneous t cell lymphoma. | recently, chlamydia pneumoniae-specific dna and antigens were reported in the skin of patients with mycosis fungoides (mf), the most common form of cutaneous t-cell lymphomas. in order to revalidate these data we analyzed skin sections of patients with mf for the expression of three different chlamydial antigens and c. pneumoniae dna by immunohistochemistry and pcr according to previously described protocolls. neither c. pneumoniae-specific dna sequences nor antigens were detected in any of the ... | 2003 | 12925116 |
| parvovirus b19 infection mimicking acute myocardial infarction. | enteroviruses (evs) and adenoviruses (advs) have been considered common causes of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. in the present study, we report on the association of parvovirus b19 (pvb19) genomes in the clinical setting of acute myocarditis. | 2003 | 12925460 |
| absence of chlamydia pneumoniae in brain of vascular dementia patients. | we recently detected cytomegalovirus (cmv) in brains of 83% of vascular dementia (vad) patients and 34% of age-matched normal people. since cmv and also chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) have been found in some studies to be associated with coronary artery disease (which shares several risk factors with vad), we sought cpn dna in vad brain dna. we examined brain specimens from 19 vad patients, 16 elderly normal people and four alzheimer's disease (ad) patients for the presence of a sequence in the cpn ... | 2003 | 12927758 |
| [chlamydial infection and unstable coronary syndrome]. | | 2003 | 12931430 |
| [occurrence of chlamydia infection in relation to lipidemia indicators in the etiology of unstable angina pectoris]. | the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection was examined in 66 patients with unstable angina pectoris (uap), 155 patients with acute myocardial infarction (aim) and 112 controls without signs of a heart disease. besides evaluation of anamnestic data, ecg and coronarographic examination, serologic examination of c. pneumoniae by the microfluorescent method anti-momp and elisa of anti-lps of globulin iga and igg serum classes in every patient was performed. moreover, in patients with uap, routi ... | 2003 | 12931439 |
| prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in thai children with community-acquired pneumonia. | | 2003 | 12938677 |
| impact of pathogen burden in patients with coronary artery disease in relation to systemic inflammation and variation in genes encoding cytokines. | the number of infectious pathogens to which an individual has been exposed (pathogen burden) has been linked to the development and the prognosis of coronary artery disease (cad). the interaction among infection, genetic host susceptibility, and cad remains unclear. this study was aimed at evaluating the modulation of the association between cad and pathogen burden, by serum levels of inflammatory markers and polymorphisms of the interleukin (il)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha genes. im ... | 2003 | 12943869 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and epstein-barr antibodies are not associated with carotid thickness: the effect of hypertension. | to examine the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) seropositivity and carotid intima-media thickness (imt) in three selected groups: 1) hypertensives; 2) white coat hypertensives; and 3) normotensives. epstein-barr antibodies were also measured. | 2003 | 12944038 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae--etiology of ophthalmia neonatorum]. | the authors observed mucous discharge in palpebral aperture, accompanied by a different degree of effusion of eyelids and chemosis of conjunctivae, particularly the tarsal ones, in 12 physiological newborns. chlamydia pneumoniae proved to be the etiological agent in the newborn ophthalmia. the eye infection was not detected in the same period of time and in the same maternity hospital in the period of observation from september 1999 to march 2001. the detection of chlamydia pneumoniae was perfor ... | 2003 | 12951875 |
| imbalanced secretion of il-1beta and il-1ra in chlamydia pneumoniae-infected mononuclear cells from copd patients. | balanced secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is essential in limiting pulmonary inflammation in respiratory infections. it was hypothesised that, in acute infection with chlamydia pneumoniae, mononuclear cells from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients lack the opportunity to compensate for the inflammatory immune response by secreting adequate amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines. alveolar macrophages (ams) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from eigh ... | 2003 | 12952260 |
| macrophage l-type ca2+ channel antagonists alter chlamydia pneumoniae momp and hsp-60 mrna gene expression, and improve antibiotic susceptibility. | recent data have shown a unique relationship between ca2+ signaling in macrophages through l-type channels and the outcome of c. pneumoniae infection of such cells. the present investigation seeks to provide insights into the manner in which macrophage l-type ca2+ channel operation affects major outer membrane protein (momp) and heat shock protein-60 (hsp-60) mrna gene expression (factors associated with chlamydia chronicity), and the possible effect of this on antibiotic susceptibility. intrace ... | 2003 | 12952346 |
| evaluation of five dna extraction methods for purification of dna from atherosclerotic tissue and estimation of prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in tissue from a danish population undergoing vascular repair. | to date pcr detection of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in atherosclerotic lesions from danish patients has been unsuccessful. to establish whether non-detection was caused by a suboptimal dna extraction method, we tested five different dna extraction methods for purification of dna from atherosclerotic tissue. | 2003 | 12952556 |
| extrarespiratory chlamydia pneumoniae infection associated with immune disorder, hepatitis and renal disease. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection was diagnosed in an elderly patient with prolonged fever and hepatomegaly and no evidence of respiratory tract infection. laboratory investigation showed hepatitis, eosinophilia, cryoglobulinaemia and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. it was concluded that c. pneumoniae may cause an acute extrarespiratory infection as well as stimulate immunological reactions. | 2003 | 12953963 |
| [prevalence of intimal pathogen burden in acute coronary syndromes]. | increasing evidence supports a link between serological evidence of prior exposure to infectious pathogens, pathogen burden, and the risk for future myocardial infarction and death in patients with coronary artery disease. based on this concept, we evaluated the intimal presence of four pathogens in human coronary atheroma, clinically associated with acute coronary syndromes (acs) and stable angina (sa), and the effect of pathogen burden on the expression of human heatshock protein 60 (hhsp60), ... | 2003 | 12955411 |
| c-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk, and renal disease in a remote australian aboriginal community. | rates of cardiovascular and renal disease in australian aboriginal communities are high, but we do not know the contribution of inflammation to these diseases in this setting. in the present study, we sought to examine the distribution of c-reactive protein (crp) and other markers of inflammation and their relationships with cardiovascular risk markers and renal disease in a remote australian aboriginal community. the study included 237 adults (58% of the adult population) in a remote aboriginal ... | 2004 | 12956621 |
| hepatitis a igg seropositivity and coronary atherosclerosis assessed by angiography. | infectious agents, in particular intracellular pathogens that can establish long-term, persistent infection, may play an important role in atherogenesis. we tested the hypothesis that hepatitis a virus (hav) could be associated with significant coronary artery disease. | 2003 | 12957749 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients with unstable angina undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: does it have prognostic implications? | this study sought to evaluate the prognostic significance of the presence of dna of chlamydia pneumoniae in the coronary atherosclerotic lesions of patients with unstable angina. | 2003 | 12957765 |
| importance of methodology in determination of chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity in healthy subjects and in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) for the detection of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies were compared to the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test, the reference method. furthermore, we assessed the hypothesis that a possible relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies and coronary artery disease is dependent on the type of eia. sera from 112 healthy men (mean age, 50.1 years) were tested for antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae by five commercial test kits: focus chlamyd ... | 2003 | 12958224 |
| is chlamydia pneumoniae present in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients? | | 2003 | 12965938 |
| a new scoring system to determine thromboembolic risk after heart valve replacement. | to determine the most important inflammatory and hematologic predictors of thromboembolism (te) in patients undergoing valve replacement (vr) to be used in conjunction with clinical risk factors for preoperative risk profiling. | 2003 | 12970211 |
| how good is the evidence for the recommended empirical antimicrobial treatment of patients hospitalized because of community-acquired pneumonia? a systematic review. | for years, monotherapy with a beta-lactam antibiotic (penicillin, amoxicillin or second-generation cephalosporin) was recommended as empirical therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). a combination of a beta-lactam and a macrolide antibiotic was only recommended for patients with severe cap needing intensive care treatment or when atypical pathogens, i.e. legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae, were strongly suspected. however, new guidelines ... | 2003 | 12972448 |
| micromanipulation of the chlamydia pneumoniae inclusion: implications for cloning and host-pathogen interactions. | the chlamydia trachomatis inclusion is fragile, rendering it incompatible to micromanipulation. we show that the chlamydia pneumoniae inclusion differs, being resistant to micromanipulation as shown by direct microinjection of the infected host cytosol or the inclusion itself. we have used micromanipulation to clone c. pneumoniae and to free it from mycoplasma contamination. | 2003 | 13129606 |
| increased production of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 by smooth muscle cells upon infection with chlamydia pneumoniae. | atherosclerosis has been linked to chlamydia pneumoniae infection. in atherosclerotic arteries chlamydiae infect macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells (smc). it has been suggested that the proteolysis of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) is involved in the destabilisation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. in this study we investigated the expression of several mmps and tissue inhibitors of mmp (timps) in c. pneumoniae-infected smc using reverse ... | 2003 | 13129650 |
| azithromycin for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease events: the wizard study: a randomized controlled trial. | several lines of evidence have implied an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherogenesis. | 2003 | 13129985 |
| antibiotic therapy for coronary artery disease: can a wizard change it all? | | 2003 | 13129994 |
| infection and venous thrombosis. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked to atherosclerosis, but a possible relationship with venous thromboembolism (vte) had not been sought. we determined circulating anti-c. pneumoniae antibody levels in patients with vte. fifty-four percent of the cases and 15.9% of the controls had specific igg titers of at least 256 (p<0.0001). the crude odds ratio for vte was 6.2 (95% ci, 3.8-10.1), and rose to 7.7 (4.5-13.2) after excluding subjects carrying the factor v arg 506 gln or factor ii g ... | 2002 | 13679672 |
| aetiology and clinical presentation of mild community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | a prospective study was initiated to analyse the bacterial aetiology and clinical picture of mild community-acquired pneumonia in slovenia using the previously described pneumonia severity index. radiographically confirmed cases of pneumonia in patients treated with oral antibiotics in seven study centres were included. an aetiological diagnosis was attempted using culture of blood and sputum, urinary antigen testing for streptococcus pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila, and antibody testing f ... | 2003 | 13680399 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through induction of endogenous heat shock protein 60. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked with atherosclerosis. however, the mechanism responsible for the atherogenic effects of c pneumoniae remains unclear. heat shock proteins (hsps) have been found in atherosclerotic lesions. hsps of hsp70 and hsp90 families are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. we assessed the hypothesis that hsp60 is induced in vascular cells infected with c pneumoniae and stimulates cell proliferation. rabbit vascular smoot ... | 2003 | 14500333 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae activates epithelial cell proliferation via nf-kappab and the glucocorticoid receptor. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular eubacterium and a common cause of acute and chronic respiratory tract infections. this study was designed to show the effect of c. pneumoniae on transcription factor activation in epithelial cells. the activation of transcription factors by c. pneumoniae was determined in human epithelial cell lines (hl and calu3) by electrophoretic dna mobility shift assay, western blotting, and luciferase reporter gene assay. the activation of transcription fac ... | 2003 | 14500503 |
| rab gtpases are recruited to chlamydial inclusions in both a species-dependent and species-independent manner. | chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that replicate within an inclusion that is trafficked to the peri-golgi region where it fuses with exocytic vesicles. the host and chlamydial proteins that regulate the trafficking of the inclusion have not been identified. since rab gtpases are key regulators of membrane trafficking, we examined the intracellular localization of several green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged rab gtpases in chlamydia-infected hela cells. gfp-rab4 and gfp-rab11, whic ... | 2003 | 14500507 |
| inflammation and infections as risk factors for ischemic stroke. | inflammatory processes have fundamental roles in stroke in both the etiology of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. we summarize clinical data on infection and inflammation as risk or trigger factors for human stroke and investigate current evidence for the hypothesis of a functional interrelation between traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition, and infection/inflammation in stroke pathogenesis. | 2003 | 14500942 |
| atherogenic effects of chlamydia pneumoniae: refuting the innocent bystander hypothesis. | serologic evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis was first demonstrated in patients with ischemic heart disease in 1988. subsequently, the organism has been detected in several cardiovascular lesions. outside of observational reports, few studies mechanistically link vascular infection with c. pneumoniae and atherogenesis. to better define its pathophysiologic role, we examined the influence of c. pneumoniae infection of human vascular smooth muscle cells on vascular smoo ... | 2003 | 14502140 |
| cns infection with c. pneumoniae complicated by multiple strokes. | | 2003 | 14504982 |
| a prospective study of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in children between 7 months and 8 years of age. | to provide insight into the appearance and longitudinal course of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in childhood, c. pneumoniae immunoglobulin g (igg), iga and, in selected children, igm antibodies were measured annually in 199 healthy children, followed prospectively from age 7 months to age 8 y (number of samples 1225) using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. igg antibodies to c. pneumoniae were common throughout the follow-up, and the values declined rapidly after apparent infections during e ... | 2003 | 14514146 |
| enigmatic relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. | | 2003 | 14516327 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae--the etiologic agent of follicular conjunctivitis followed by keratoconjunctivitis sicca in adult patients]. | the authors refer to 21 adult patients at the age of 22 to 87 years, who have suffered from a chronic form of follicular conjunctivitis, found to be caused by chlamydia pneumoniae as the etiological agent. the observation was made in the period from july 1999 to december 2002. chl. pneumoniae was detected by a direct demonstration of the conjunctiva smears and by means of serological examination. the print preparations on glass were examined by the method of indirect immunofluorescence by means ... | 2003 | 14518360 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of female early-onset lung cancer. | | 2003 | 14520711 |
| pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae in children: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. | the term "atypical" pneumonia has been used to differentiate infections caused by chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella, and other related organisms from pneumonia caused by classic bacteria, the prototype being streptococcus pneumoniae. however, recent studies demonstrated that the clinical presentation of pneumonia due to atypical pathogens cannot readily be differentiated from those caused by "typical" bacteria. this is further complicated by the observation that coinfection ... | 2003 | 14520720 |
| placental infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and intrauterine growth restriction. | the concept that low birth weight infants are more predisposed to coronary artery disease (cad) in adulthood has been studied extensively. although many infectious agents have been associated with intrauterine growth restriction (iugr), chlamydia pneumoniae an organism implicated in cad has not been investigated. it was our aim to assess whether c. pneumoniae dna is present in placental tissue and whether its detection is associated with iugr. | 2003 | 14522419 |
| nitric oxide synthase plays a role in chlamydia pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with atherosclerosis, although the mechanisms by which c. pneumoniae contribute to atherogenesis remain unclear. altered production of nitric oxide, a known bactericidal and anti-inflammatory agent, represents one possible mechanistic link. to examine this issue, a diet-induced, hyperlipidemic mouse model of early atherosclerosis was used. | 2003 | 14522420 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and naion. | | 2003 | 14522796 |
| [bronchial asthma infectious exacerbations]. | bronchial asthma and asthma-like form of copd often undergo exacerbations with symptoms of infection. currently, there is a general agreement, that most of these infections that exacerbate asthma especially in children are caused by viruses. several "common cold" viruses are known to cause these exacerbations (rsv, parainfluenza virus, rhinoviruses). to date, there is no certainty, if viruses exacerbate asthma alone or in combination with allergen. it is also unknown, whether they can induce pri ... | 2003 | 14524273 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis by combination of cell culture and pcr: no evidence for possible association. | during the course of multiple sclerosis (ms) intrathecal oligoclonal iggs are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the intracellular human pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role either as a causative pathogenetic agent in the disease, or c. pneumoniae-infected ms patients could be immunologically less able to clear the agent from the central nervous system (cns). | 2003 | 14529319 |
| more than just innate immunity: comparative analysis of chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis effects on host-cell gene regulation. | chlamydophila pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis cause infections of the respiratory or urogenital tract. in addition, both species have been associated with atherosclerosis or reactive arthritis respectively. for these intracellular pathogens the interaction with their host-cells is of particular importance. to get insight into this relationship, we conducted a comparative analysis of the host-cell gene regulation of human epithelial cells during infection with chlamydia. in a screening of he ... | 2003 | 14531894 |
| genotypic differences in the chlamydia pneumoniae tyrp locus related to vascular tropism and pathogenicity. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes respiratory infections and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. we compared respiratory and cardiovascular isolates to find genetic differences associated with pathogenicity. a polymorphic region encoding a tyrosine/tryptophan permease was found to differ between disease isolates. respiratory strains contained multiple copies of the tyrp gene, and vascular strains contained a single copy. single-nucleotide polymor ... | 2003 | 14551876 |
| nuclear factor-kappab activation in endothelium by chlamydia pneumoniae without active infection. | causative molecular mechanisms accounting for the potential link between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis are unknown. formalin and heat-inactivated c. pneumoniae activated the transcription factor nuclear factor (nf)-kappab in cultured porcine endothelium and up-regulated the expression of e-selectin messenger rna and protein. this up-regulation was abolished by an ikappab super-repressor, an nf-kappab-specific inhibitor. live bacteria are not necessary for the activation of endothelial ... | 2003 | 14551877 |
| a prospective study of infection and cardiovascular diseases: the busselton health study. | infectious agents might play a role in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases. the aim was to determine the association of antibodies to implicated infectious agents with coronary heart disease (chd) and stroke in a population-based prospective study. | 2003 | 14555883 |
| the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and peripheral vascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction and late-onset asthma. | | 2003 | 14556067 |
| chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae induces histidine decarboxylase production in the mouse lung. | chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) is the third most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and is probably involved in the development of certain chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and adult-onset asthma. histamine, synthesized by histidine decarboxylase (hdc) from l-histidine, plays an essential role in allergic and inflammatory processes and in cell differentiation. the effect of c. pneumoniae infection on the expression of hdc has not been examin ... | 2003 | 14556983 |
| [community acquired pneumonia in children]. | in children, community acquired pneumonia represent less than 10% of respiratory tract infections. in infants and toddlers, the diagnosis is difficult as, at any age, in case of isolated fever. typical features of pneumonia are rare. chest radiograph is necessary for confirmation and mandatory in children under 2 years of age, other diagnosis suspision or recurrent pneumonia. identification of risk factors and/or severity criteria will guide the hospitalisation decision. epidemiological data hav ... | 2003 | 14558263 |
| chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and lipopolysaccharide: potential virulence determinants in atherogenesis. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with atherosclerosis and may be an emerging risk factor in coronary artery disease. c. pneumoniae can infect, multiply within and modulate the function of all atheroma cell types. specific chlamydial virulence determinants have been identified that permit interaction with host cells and dysregulate cell function. in particular, chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and lipopolysaccharide may modulate cell function to dysregulate lipid metabolism, induce in ... | 2002 | 14561189 |
| the development of asthma in children infected with chlamydia pneumoniae is dependent on the modifying effect of mannose-binding lectin. | although several studies found associations between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma, these were mainly restricted to the exacerbation of the symptoms in adults with known asthma. data about the role of c pneumoniae in the initiation and development of asthma in children are controversial. | 2003 | 14564351 |
| characterization of human humoral responses to the major outer membrane protein and omp2 of chlamydophila pneumoniae. | chlamydophila pneumoniae infection is associated with a range of diseases including pneumonia, asthma and heart disease. although an obligate intracellular pathogen, high levels of antigen-specific antibody are induced and serology is frequently used to diagnose these infections. proteins targeted by the humoral response include the major outer membrane protein (momp) and outer membrane protein 2 (omp2). using human anti-chlamydial sera we have defined the b cell epitopes recognized on momp and ... | 2003 | 14568150 |
| the role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with chronic sinusitis. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of lower respiratory disease in both adults and children. however, its role in upper respiratory disease, including sinusitis, is less clear. | 2003 | 14568794 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates coronary artery disease progression in transgenic hyperlipidemia-genetic hypertension rat model. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) has been associated with human coronary artery disease but causal relevance as a risk factor has not been shown. several rabbit and mouse model studies demonstrate exacerbation of aortic atherosclerosis by cpn, however impact of cpn on coronary artery disease (cad) and survival outcomes has not been shown. to study this, we used specific pathogen-free, inbred, transgenic-cad dahl salt-sensitive (s) hypertensive (tg53) rats and control inbred, non-transgenic dahl s (non ... | 2003 | 14571321 |
| comments on the failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. | | 2003 | 14574617 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae igg seropositivity and clinical history of ischemic heart disease in singapore. | there is still substantial uncertainty concerning the association between chlamydia pneumoniae and ischemic heart disease. this may partly be explained by the adjustment for potential confounders in different population studies. this is the first study in singapore to look at the association of c. pneumoniae seropositivity with ischemic heart disease in a multivariate analysis. a random sample of 714 persons aged between 35 and 69 years was selected from the participants of the singapore nationa ... | 2003 | 14582560 |
| an mri study of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in italian multiple sclerosis patients. | we amplified sequences of the chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) major-outer membrane protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 23 of 107 (21.5%) relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and two of 77 (2.6%) patients with other neurological diseases (ond) (p = 0.00022). cp+ patients showed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) evidence of more active disease (p = 0.02) compared to cp- ms patients and tended to have an anticipation of age at disease onset (32.3 +/- 12 v ... | 2003 | 14582771 |
| in vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on the proliferation of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae. | in vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae were investigated. a product of tea polyphenols, polyphenon 70s was used. chlamydial strains used were c. trachomatis d/uw-3/cx and l(2)/434/bu, and c. pneumoniae ar-39 and ac-43 strains. hela229 cells and hl cells were used for cultivation of c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae, respectively. in the post-inoculation method, no inclusions of c. trachomatis were observed at 0.5 mg/ml of polyphenon 70s. however, ... | 2003 | 14583635 |
| chlamydophila pneumoniae infection among young children with respiratory diseases in thailand. | a total of 136 children aged 5 years and under with respiratory tract diseases were examined for chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. by means of the micro-immunofluorescence test, an acute infection was suggested in 37 (27.2%) of them. infection was found in 23 (43.4%) of 53 children with bronchitis, seven (70.0%) of 10 with pharyngitis, and two (22.2%) of nine with pneumonia. c. pneumoniae dna was detected in seven of 55 children by means of nasopharyngeal swabs, and serological evidence was pr ... | 2003 | 14583636 |
| [relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and classical risk factors of coronary heart disease]. | in order to elucidate relationship between chlamydia pneumonia infection and established risk factors of coronary heart disease (hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, smoking, age) chlamydial iga and igg antibodies were determined by solid phase enzyme immunoassay in 122 patients with ischemic heart disease and 40 healthy subjects. elevated titers of iga class antibodies were found to be associated with presence of ischemic heart disease as well as with hypercholesterolemia, ... | 2003 | 14593353 |