| dynamic relations among length, tension, and intracellular ca2+ in activated ferret papillary muscles. | to study the effects of mechanical constraints on the ca2+ affinity of cardiac troponin c, we analyzed the tension and aequorin light (al) responses to sinusoidal length changes (5-10% of the initial muscle length) in aequorin-injected, tetanized cardiac muscles. the amplitude of the quasi-sinusoidal tension and al responses decreased with increasing length-perturbation frequency from 0.5 to 1 hz at 24 degreesc and from 1 to 3 hz at 30 degreesc. the increase in al corresponded well to the decrea ... | 1998 | 9843793 |
| changes in alveolar septal border lengths with postnatal lung growth. | evaluation of alveolar development beyond the postnatal period of rapid septation has generally involved alveolar counting. we used an alternate approach to assess postseptation parenchymal development: measurement of the lengths of various types of alveolar septal borders. this technique directly addresses changes in the elastin fiber network that determines parenchymal complexity. lungs from weanling and adult ferrets, inflated to 15 cmh2o, were perfusion fixed and dehydrated, and 2-micrometer ... | 1998 | 9843853 |
| bay k 8644 increases resting ca2+ spark frequency in ferret ventricular myocytes independent of ca influx: contrast with caffeine and ryanodine effects. | bay k 8644, an l-type ca2+ channel agonist, was shown previously to increase resting sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ca2+ loss and convert post-rest potentiation to decay in dog and ferret ventricular muscle. here, the effects of bay k 8644 on local sr ca2+ release events (ca2+ sparks) were measured in isolated ferret ventricular myocytes, using laser scanning confocal microscopy and the fluorescent ca2+ indicator fluo-3. the spark frequency under control conditions was fairly constant during 20 s o ... | 1998 | 9851936 |
| viral excretion in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with a raccoon rabies isolate. | to determine susceptibility, incubation and morbidity periods, clinical signs of infection, serologic response, and excretion of virus in domestic ferrets inoculated with rabies virus of raccoon origin. | 1998 | 9858418 |
| interactions of inhibition and excitation in the light-evoked currents of x type retinal ganglion cells. | the excitatory and inhibitory conductances driving the light-evoked currents (lecs) of cat and ferret on- and off-center x ganglion cells were examined in sliced and isolated retina preparations using center spot stimulation in tetrodotoxin (ttx)-containing ringer. on-center x ganglion cells showed an increase in an excitatory conductance reversed positive to +20 mv during the spot stimulus. at spot offset, a transient inhibitory conductance was activated on many cells that reversed near ecl. of ... | 1998 | 9862900 |
| serotonin-independent model of cisplatin-induced emesis in the ferret. | para-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa, 100-200 mg/kg) was used as a pharmacological tool to characterize the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) involvement in the emesis occurring 24 hr after the administration of cisplatin (10 mg/kg) in the ferret. pcpa was effective to antagonize the initial 8 hr period of retching and vomiting, but potentiated the emesis that occurred during the remaining 8- to 24-hr observation period. tissue samples removed from the brainstem at 24 hr post injection of cisplatin alone rev ... | 1998 | 9869258 |
| stable properties of spontaneous epscs and miniature retinal epscs during the development of on/off sublamination in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus. | retinal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) in ferrets progressively segregate into eye-specific laminae and subsequently into sublaminae that receive inputs from either on-center or off-center afferents. to study the development of synaptic efficacy during a period of activity-dependent growth and reorganization in the cns, we recorded spontaneous epscs (sepscs) from cells of the lgn during on/off sublamination. we also examined retinal inputs specifically by stimulating the opt ... | 1999 | 9870954 |
| taxonomy, genetic organization, and life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii was initially misidentified as a protozoan parasite. recent molecular and biochemical analyses provide unequivocal evidence for placement of p. carinii with the fungi, and that p. carinii is most likely an ascomycete. genetic investigations further show that p. carinii derived from different mammalian hosts (human, rat, mouse, and ferret) exhibit considerable chromosomal and gene sequence divergence indicating that they are likely of different species. the life cycle of p. c ... | 1998 | 9872627 |
| organization of the forepaw representation in ferret somatosensory cortex. | little is known about the function and structure of ferret somatosensory cortex. we used anatomical methods and multi-unit recordings to characterize the cytoarchitecture, functional responses and topography of the forepaw representation in ferret somatosensory cortex. the representation of the cutaneous ferret forepaw encompasses approximately the caudal half of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. the posterior sigmoid gyrus and coronal sulcus contain unique cytoarchitectonic fields that conform in la ... | 1998 | 9875544 |
| antiemetic effects of sendide, a peptide tachykinin nk1 receptor antagonist, in the ferret. | the antiemetic activity of sendide, a new peptide tachykinin nk1 receptor antagonist, against cisplatin-induced emesis was investigated using ferrets. the frequency of cisplatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced retching (104.6 +/- 14.3/6 h) and vomiting (19.0 +/- 3.0/6 h) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with sendide (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) (14.0 +/- 8.1/6 h and 1.8 +/- 1.2/6 h, respectively). intravenous bolus injection of substance p (1-10 microg/kg) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) (10-50 microg/kg) ... | 1998 | 9877081 |
| [effect of cryopreservation on the morphology of blastocysts of the ferret mustela eversmanni]. | in this study, we have undertaken an attempt to use the technique of cryopreservation of a mustelid embryo-sing mustela eversmanni as the experimental model. ferret blastocysts were frozen with glycerol or dmso. characteristic feature of blastocyst morphology, as well as changes in their ultrastructure after freezing and cryopreservation have been examined by techniques of light and electron microscopy. when glycerol was used, damage of ferret blastocysts induced by freezing was more significant ... | 1998 | 9884998 |
| some experiments and field observations of distemper in mink and ferrets. | | 1999 | 9890043 |
| retinoid signaling and activator protein-1 expression in ferrets given beta-carotene supplements and exposed to tobacco smoke. | epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that individuals who eat more fruits and vegetables and/or have high levels of serum beta-carotene have a lower risk of cancer, especially lung cancer. however, recent human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements have shown an increase in the risk of lung cancer among smokers and asbestos workers. in this study, we used an animal model system to evaluate the hazard associated with a combination of high-dose beta-carotene supplementation and t ... | 1999 | 9890171 |
| the contribution of activated factor xiii to fibrinolytic resistance in experimental pulmonary embolism. | the resistance of thrombi to fibrinolysis induced by plasminogen activators remains a major impediment to the successful treatment of thrombotic diseases. this study examines the contribution of activated factor xiii (factor xiiia) to fibrinolytic resistance in experimental pulmonary embolism. | 1999 | 9892598 |
| a novel, rapid and reversible method to measure ca buffering and time-course of total sarcoplasmic reticulum ca content in cardiac ventricular myocytes. | this paper outlines a simple method of estimating both the ca-buffering properties of the cytoplasm and the time-course of changes of sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) ca concentration during systole. the experiments were performed on voltage-clamped ferret single ventricular myocytes loaded with the free acid of fluo-3 through a patch pipette. the application of caffeine (10 mm) resulted in a na-ca exchange current and a transient increase of the free intracellular ca concentration ([ca2+]i). the t ... | 1999 | 9914410 |
| purification and characterization of cellular carotenoid-binding protein from mammalian liver. | a cellular carotenoid-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from beta-carotene-fed ferret liver utilizing the following steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. the final purification was 607-fold. beta-[14c]carotene copurified with the binding protein throughout the purification procedures. sds-page of the purified protein showed a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 67 kda. scatchard analysis of the specific binding of t ... | 1999 | 9916218 |
| allocation of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells to the preimplantation blastocyst of the domestic ferret, mustela putorius furo. | the growth of ferret preimplantation blastocysts in vivo, collected between 156 and 240 hr post coitum, was investigated. a technique, combining immunosurgery and differential fluorochrome staining, was used to discriminate between inner cell mass (icm) and trophectoderm (te) cells. using the stains propidium iodide and bisbenzimide (hoechst 33342), the icm was stained blue and the te was stained pink. the icm and te counts for 90 blastocysts, respectively, averaged 25 and 63 at 156 hr and incre ... | 1999 | 9919690 |
| changes in mediobasal hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels induced by mating or ovariectomy in a reflex ovulator, the ferret. | the ferret is a reflex-ovulating species in which receipt of an intromission induces a prolonged (+/- 12 h) preovulatory lh surge in the estrous female. this lh surge is probably stimulated by a large release of gnrh from the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh). in exp 1 we asked whether gnrh messenger rna (mrna) levels increase in response to mating so as to replenish the mbh gnrh stores needed to sustain the preovulatory lh surge. estrous females were killed 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 14, or 24 h after ... | 1999 | 9927282 |
| organization of the disynaptic pathway from the anteroventral cochlear nucleus to the lateral superior olivary nucleus in the ferret. | the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (mntb) is one of three major nuclei of the superior olivary complex and provides an important inhibitory input from the contralateral ear to the lateral superior olivary nucleus (lso) in the initial binaural pathway for coding interaural intensity differences. the major input to the mntb from the contralateral anteroventral cochlear nucleus (avcn) involves giant, calyx-like endings that have a one-to-one relationship with cells in the mntb as confirmed in ... | 1999 | 9930621 |
| nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in visual system development. | the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of the ferret is characterized by the readily discernible anatomical patterning of afferent terminations from the retina into both eye-specific layers and on/off sublaminae. the eye-specific layers form during the first post-natal week, and on/off sublaminae become apparent during the third to fourth post-natal weeks. the post-natal appearance of these patterns thus provides an advantageous model for the study of the mechanisms of activity-dependent developme ... | 1998 | 9932437 |
| innervation of tracheal epithelium and smooth muscle by neurons in airway ganglia. | the neurochemical profiles of neurons in ferret tracheal ganglia has been characterized, but their projections to smooth muscle and epithelium in ferret trachea has not been examined. the purpose of this study is to determine the location of cell bodies that project vip-, sp-, and npy-containing fibers to the ferret tracheal smooth muscle and epithelium. segments of ferret trachea were cultured for 0, 1, 3, or 7 days, some in the presence of 3 microm capsaicin. vip, sp, or npy nerve fiber densit ... | 1999 | 9972801 |
| mucosal vaccination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines protects ferrets against symptomatic cdv infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of ferrets causes a disease characterized by fever, erythema, conjunctivitis and leukocytopenia, similar clinically to measles except for the fatal neurologic sequelae of cdv. we vaccinated juvenile ferrets twice at 4-week intervals by the intranasal or intraduodenal route with attenuated vaccinia (nyvac) or canarypox virus (alvac) constructs containing the cdv hemagglutinin and fusion genes. controls were vaccinated with the same vectors expressing rabies ... | 1999 | 9987168 |
| transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling an abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, in the ferret. | abdominal muscles participate in generating a large number of behaviors and reflex responses, including expiration, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, postural control, production of speech, straining, facilitation of venous return to the heart, and reaction to vestibular stimulation. however, the only premotor neurons that have been conclusively shown to influence abdominal motoneurons are located in nucleus retroambiguus, the expiratory region of the caudal ventral respiratory group. in the present ... | 1999 | 10023028 |
| neuroregulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) of mucus secretion in ferret trachea: activation of bk(ca) channels and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. | 1. the aims of this study were to determine: (1) whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) regulates cholinergic and 'sensory-efferent' (tachykininergic) 35so4 labelled mucus output in ferret trachea in vitro, using a vip antibody, (2) the class of potassium (k+) channel involved in vip-regulation of cholinergic neural secretion using glibenclamide (an atp-sensitive k+ (k(atp)) channel inhibitor), iberiotoxin (a large conductance calcium activated k+ (bk(ca)) channel blocker), and apamin (a sm ... | 1999 | 10051131 |
| noninvasive monitoring of fetal growth and development in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni). | the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni) is the preferred species to assess procedures and establish normative values for application in the related and endangered black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes). this study was undertaken to physically, ultrasonographically, and radiographically evaluate fetal development in a spontaneously breeding captive siberian polecat population. ultrasonographically, fetal sac enlargement allowed presumptive pregnancy detection as early as 12 days of gestation, t ... | 1998 | 10065851 |
| novel method of chronically blocking retinal activity. | the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer elvax has been used as a vehicle to deliver bioactive substances to discrete areas of the nervous system. here we report a novel use of elvax to chronically block retinal activity. small pieces of elvax containing the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (ttx) were surgically implanted into the vitreous humor of ferret eyes. observations of the light-induced pupillary reflex combined with electrophysiological assays of vitreous humor confirmed that these impla ... | 1999 | 10065999 |
| human rabies prevention--united states, 1999. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | these revised recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices update the previous recommendations on rabies prevention (mmwr 1991;40[no.rr-3]:1-14) to reflect the current status of rabies and antirabies biologics in the united states. this report includes new information about a human rabies vaccine approved for u.s. use in 1997, recommendations regarding exposure to bats, recommendations regarding an observation period for domestic ferrets, and changes in the local administr ... | 1999 | 10077411 |
| oxidative responses in ferret macrophages. | although the basic function of t and b lymphocytes in ferrets has been known for some time, the function of mononuclear phagocytes has not been described in this species. the present study has characterised basic oxidative responses in ferret macrophages, and has investigated the effects of endogenous and exogenous modulators of macrophage function on oxidative capacity in vitro. macrophages derived from the blood or lungs of ferrets were shown capable of generating the reactive oxygen intermedi ... | 1999 | 10077423 |
| perfluorooctyl bromide (perflubron) stimulates mucin secretion in the ferret trachea. | partial liquid ventilation with perfluorooctyl bromide (perflubron) has been shown to be safe and effective in animal models with respiratory failure. however, airway mucus accumulation has been reported to be a problem in human trials. we hypothesized that this might be because perflubron directly affects mucociliary clearance or stimulates mucus secretion. | 1999 | 10084498 |
| cyclic amp but not phosphorylation of phospholamban contributes to the slow inotropic response to stretch in ferret papillary muscle. | camp has been suggested to mediate the increased intracellular ca2+ transient and contraction seen during the slow response to stretch in cardiac muscle. we measured camp in ferret papillary muscles stretched from 80-85% to 98% of their length at which maximum active tension is produced (lmax) for 15 min. camp was significantly (p<0. 05) increased by 53% in muscles at the longer length which showed the slow response compared with controls. by contrast, in a population of muscles that were stretc ... | 1999 | 10087158 |
| hypereosinophilic syndrome with hodgkin's-like lymphoma in a ferret. | hodgkin's-like lymphoma involving the lung, mediastinum, liver, kidneys and mesenteric lymph nodes was diagnosed in a ferret. the diagnosis was based on the presence of an admixture of cd3+ small lymphocytes with smaller numbers of macrophages, eosinophils, and large, pleomorphic, frequently multinucleated, reed-sternberg-like cells which were immunoreactive to bla.36 monoclonal antibody. in addition, the liver, pancreas, small intestine and lungs were infiltrated with moderate to large numbers ... | 1999 | 10087494 |
| from complex traits to complex alleles. | several recent studies using natural populations of drosophila show that one must be very careful when sorting among the large number of molecular polymorphisms found at most loci to identify the nucleotide changes responsible for phenotypic variation in complex traits. indeed, several mutations within a single allele can interact to generate the overall observed effect. the results are instructive both for those interested in the genetics of evolutionary change and for those attempting to ferre ... | 1999 | 10087924 |
| effects of the protein kinase a inhibitor h-89 on ca2+ regulation in isolated ferret ventricular myocytes. | we investigated the effects of a protein kinase a (pka) inhibitor, h-89 {n-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-iso-quinolinesulphonamide}, on ca2+ regulation in fura-2-loaded ferret myocytes. h-89 (10 micromol/l) decreased the amplitude of the fura-2 transient to 28. 2+/-4.3% (p<0.001) of control and prolonged its duration, characterized by a decrease in the rate of decline of ca2+ to diastolic levels: t1/2 increased from 311+/-35 ms to 547+/-43 ms (p<0.001, n=7). reduced ca2+ uptake by the sarcop ... | 1999 | 10089565 |
| the ferret as a model for myocardial infarct size reduction by use of a selectin inhibitor. | | 1998 | 10090070 |
| novel, potent, and selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as antiasthmatic agents: synthesis and biological activities of a series of 1-pyridylnaphthalene derivatives. | the structural requirements for potent and selective pde4 inhibition were revealed in a 1-pyridylnaphthalene series, and the best compound (3kg, t-2585.hcl) was chosen for further biological evaluation (pde4 inhibition ic50 = 0.13 nm, selectivity pde3/4 ratio = 14 000). compound 3kg showed potent antispasmogenic activities (ed50 = 0.063 mg/kg for reduction of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, intravenously; ed50 = 0.033 mg/kg for reduction of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, intraduoden ... | 1999 | 10090791 |
| computer-assisted image analysis of small cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland. comparison of nuclear parameters of small lymphocytes in lymphomas and hashimoto's thyroiditis. | the nuclear parameters of the small lymphocytes in nine cases of small cell lymphomas of the thyroid gland and 17 cases of hashimoto's thyroiditis were assessed by computer-assisted image analysis. the nuclear area, maximal, minimal and averaged ferret diameters, perimeter, regularity factor and elongation factor were gauged. statistically, the nuclear area was ascertained to be the optimum descriptor discriminating between small neoplastic and reactive lymphocytes. application of a novel variab ... | 1998 | 10098895 |
| role of a novel kca opener in regulating k+ channels of hypoxic human pulmonary vascular cells. | hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (hpvc) is mediated, in part, via membrane depolarization and inhibition of k+ channels. we recently observed that the naturally occurring steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) reversed and prevented hpvc in isolated perfused and ventilated ferret lungs. in the current study, we investigated the effects of dhea on the major k+ channels of chronically hypoxic human pulmonary smooth-muscle cells (hpsmc). k+ channels were recorded by using the patch-clamp technique ... | 1999 | 10101006 |
| distinct transient outward potassium current (ito) phenotypes and distribution of fast-inactivating potassium channel alpha subunits in ferret left ventricular myocytes. | the biophysical characteristics and alpha subunits underlying calcium-independent transient outward potassium current (ito) phenotypes expressed in ferret left ventricular epicardial (lv epi) and endocardial (lv endo) myocytes were analyzed using patch clamp, fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), and immunofluorescent (if) techniques. two distinct ito phenotypes were measured (21-22 degrees c) in the majority of lv epi and lv endo myocytes studied. the two ito phenotypes displayed marked dif ... | 1999 | 10102938 |
| spatiotemporal patterning of glutamate receptors in developing ferret striate cortex. | we have studied glutamate receptor levels during very early phases of cortical formation by using quantitative in vitro autoradiography to map the expression of nmda, ampa and kainate receptors in the developing primary visual cortex of the ferret. nmda and non-nmda receptors exhibit very different developmental profiles in primary visual cortex. nmda receptor density is low at birth and increases throughout the first 2 postnatal months, rising between threefold (layers ii/iii) and ninefold (lay ... | 1999 | 10103086 |
| undercover 'shopping' to evaluate lab services. | wonder what goes on at your outpatient labs when you're not there? this clever adaptation from the retail world can help you ferret out foul play and affirm first-rate employees. | 1993 | 10126796 |
| evaluating a practice opportunity. asking the right questions. | as a candidate for a position, your job is to identify the expectations of physicians, why previous administrators have failed to meet these expectations and the limits within which a new administrator can operate. most groups that approach experienced administrators with the prospect of future employment have already lost their administrator, either through a forced termination or the administrator's voluntary move. administrators who do not adequately evaluate the opportunity usually receive t ... | 1995 | 10155933 |
| neuronal nitric oxide facilitates vagal chronotropic and dromotropic actions on the heart. | previous studies, using non-specific nitric oxide synthase (nos) inhibitors, have shown that nitric oxide (no) has a significant facilitatory effect on the actions of the vagus nerve on several aspects of cardiac function. the present study aims to identify a potential neuronal site for the action of no by using the n-nos inhibitor, 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (trim) in the ferret and other mammals. the effects of trim on vagally evoked alterations in heart rate and atrio-ventricular ( ... | 1999 | 10189115 |
| recombinant influenza a virus vaccines for the pathogenic human a/hong kong/97 (h5n1) viruses. | recombinant reassortment technology was used to prepare h5n1 influenza vaccine strains containing a modified hemagglutinin (ha) gene and neuraminidase gene from the a/hong kong/156/97 and a/hong kong/483/97 isolates and the internal genes from the attenuated cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 influenza virus strain. the ha cleavage site (ha1/ha2) of each h5n1 isolate was modified to resemble that of "low-pathogenic" avian strains. five of 6 basic amino acids at the cleavage site were deleted, and a t ... | 1999 | 10191214 |
| coronary microvascular protection with mg2+: effects on intracellular calcium regulation and vascular function. | the use of mg2+-supplemented hyperkalemic cardioplegia preserves microvascular function. however, the mechanism of this beneficial action remains to be elucidated. we investigated the effects of mg2+ supplementation on the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) and vascular function using an in vitro microvascular model. ferret coronary arterioles (80-150 micrometer in diameter) were studied in a pressurized (40 mmhg) no-flow, normothermic (37 degrees c) state. simultaneous ... | 1999 | 10199833 |
| development and organization of ocular dominance bands in primary visual cortex of the sable ferret. | thalamocortical afferents in the visual cortex of the adult sable ferret are segregated into eye-specific ocular dominance bands. the development of ocular dominance bands was studied by transneuronal labeling of the visual cortices of ferret kits between the ages of postnatal day 28 (p28) and p81 after intravitreous injections of either tritiated proline or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. laminar specificity was evident in the youngest animals studied and was similar to that in th ... | 1999 | 10213088 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate is a potent secretagogue in the isolated ferret trachea. | airway mucus hypersecretion is in part a response to infection and inflammation. pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is nearly universal in advanced cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. mucoid strains of p. aeruginosa produce an exopolysaccharide product called alginate. the purpose of this study was to determine whether p. aeruginosa alginate stimulates secretion from mucous or serous cells in the ferret trachea exposed to alginate at concentrations reported to be present in the cf airway. we used a ... | 1999 | 10213255 |
| chloride transport in the ferret trachea. | a net secretion of chloride stimulated by carbamylcholine was observed in whole trachea. luminal anthracene-9-carboxylic acid inhibited the net secretion of chloride and the transepithelial potential difference across the isolated trachea. submucosal ouabain inhibited the net secretion of chloride and submucosal ouabain, or submucosal bumetanide inhibited the transepithelial potential difference across the isolated trachea. short-circuited flat sheets of trachea manifested a net secretion of chl ... | 1999 | 10216934 |
| emesis induced by inhibitors of type iv cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde iv) in the ferret. | emesis induced by inhibitors of type iv cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde iv) has been investigated in the ferret. the pde iv inhibitors studied were: rs14203, r-rolipram and ct-2450 (i.e. (r)-n-[4-[1-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]phenyl ]n'-ethylurea), in addition to the less active enantiomers s-rolipram and ct-3405. following oral administrations, different emetic profiles were observed with time. emesis induced by rs14203 exhibited a dose-response relationship ... | 1999 | 10218871 |
| a novel mammalian cell (vero) derived influenza virus vaccine: development, characterization and industrial scale production. | influenza virus for vaccine production are presently produced in embryonated chicken eggs. this conventional standard methodology is extremely cumbersome; it requires a huge amount of eggs and an extensive purification to reduce the amount of contaminating egg proteins and to minimize the risk of allergies against egg albumin. the shortage of eggs in a pandemic situation, the selection of egg-adapted variants and the presence of adventitious viruses has emphasized the necessity for production of ... | 1999 | 10226351 |
| intracellular survival of virulent mycobacterium bovis and m. bovis bcg in ferret macrophages. | the intracellular survival of virulent mycobacterium bovis and avirulent m. bovis bcg in ferret alveolar macrophages was investigated. in addition, the effects of endogenous and exogenous modulators of macrophage oxidative function on bacterial survival and growth in vitro were determined. ferret macrophages limited the initial growth of bcg, while virulent m. bovis replicated within macrophages. intracellular bacterial survival was unaffected by the addition of specific inhibitors of macrophage ... | 1999 | 10227125 |
| the value of histomorphometric nuclear parameters in the diagnosis of well differentiated follicular carcinomas and follicular adenomas of the thyroid gland. | to explore the potential of histomorphometric analysis in distinction between follicular adenomas and well differentiated follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland. their differentiation on routine histological study may be a challenging exercise, being contingent upon the absence or presence of vascular invasion and penetration of neoplastic follicles through the capsule of the tumour. | 1999 | 10231421 |
| the vomeronasal organ of the male ferret. | the vomeronasal organ (vno) is known to play a major role in sexual behavior in many mammals. this study is the first report that the adult male ferret has a vno, which is considerably smaller and morphologically different from the usually crescent-shaped epithelium in several mammalian species, particularly rodents. there were no differences in the size or structure of the ferret vno between the mating season in spring and the sexually quiescent season in autumn, although plasma testosterone, t ... | 1999 | 10321813 |
| enhanced nr2a subunit expression and decreased nmda receptor decay time at the onset of ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret. | enhanced nr2a subunit expression and decreased nmda receptor decay time at the onset of ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret. the nmda subtype of glutamate receptor is known to exhibit marked changes in subunit composition and functional properties during neural development. the prevailing idea is that nmda receptor-mediated synaptic responses decrease in duration after the peak of cortical plasticity in rodents. accordingly, it is believed that shortening of the nmda receptor-mediated curr ... | 1999 | 10322092 |
| 5-ht3 receptor antagonists ameliorate emesis in the ferret evoked by neutron or proton radiation. | nausea and vomiting produced by sub-lethal doses of x- or gamma-rays can be ameliorated by serotonin subtype-three (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-ht3) receptor antagonists. the effectiveness of these anti-emetics on blocking the emetic responses induced by fission neutron or proton radiation exposure was evaluated in the ferret animal model. | 1999 | 10332945 |
| transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling activity of diaphragm motoneurons in the ferret. | previous studies have shown that neurons in addition to those in the medullary respiratory groups are involved in activating phrenic motoneurons during a number of behaviors, including vomiting and reaction to vestibular stimulation. however, the location of premotor inspiratory neurons outside of the main medullary respiratory groups is largely unknown, particularly in emetic species. in the present study, the transneuronal tracer pseudorabies virus was injected into the diaphragm of the ferret ... | 1999 | 10338316 |
| the role of spontaneous retinal activity before eye opening in the maturation of form and function in the retinogeniculate pathway of the ferret. | during early mammalian development, inputs from the two retinas intermix within the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn), then segregate during the first postnatal week into layers that receive input from a single retina. functionally, the lgn also changes markedly during the first postnatal month; early geniculate responses to retinal input are mainly excitatory, then inhibitory circuits mature within the lgn. these remarkable changes in form and function of the retinogeniculate pathway occur at a ... | 1999 | 10349970 |
| cis-lycopene is more bioavailable than trans-lycopene in vitro and in vivo in lymph-cannulated ferrets. | lycopene is the predominant carotenoid in tomatoes and tomato-based foods and is also a predominant carotenoid in human serum and tissues. intake of lycopene-rich foods was recently associated with decreased risk for several chronic diseases. the observation that serum and tissue lycopene is more than 50% cis-lycopene, whereas tomatoes and tomato-based foods contain mainly all-trans-lycopene, has led to the hypothesis that cis-isomers of lycopene are more bioavailable. we tested this hypothesis ... | 1999 | 10356083 |
| intracerebroventricular infusion of the galanin antagonist m40 attenuates heterosexual partner preference in ferrets. | gonadectomized, estradiol-treated male and female ferrets (mustela furo) received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of 4 doses of the galanin receptor antagonist m40 or galanin and were allowed to approach breeding male or female ferrets that were placed behind wire mesh barriers in the goal boxes of a t maze. after i.c.v. infusion of saline, subjects strongly preferred to approach stimulus ferrets of the opposite sex. male and female subjects approached these preferred stimulus animals ... | 1999 | 10357463 |
| regulation of na+-k+-2cl- cotransport by protein phosphorylation in ferret erythrocytes. | 1. na+-k+-2cl- cotransport in ferret erythrocytes was measured as the bumetanide-sensitive uptake of 86rb. 2. the resting cotransport rate was high but could be increased threefold by treating erythrocytes with calyculin a, a potent inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases. twenty nanomolar was sufficient to maximally and rapidly (within 4 min) stimulate transport. 3. the effects of several kinase inhibitors were tested. high concentrations of k-252a, k-252b, calphostin c and hypericin caused ... | 1999 | 10358111 |
| isozyme-specific inhibitors of protein kinase c translocation: effects on contractility of single permeabilized vascular muscle cells of the ferret. | 1. the effects on contractility of three peptides reported to inhibit protein kinase c (pkc) translocation in an isozyme-specific manner were studied: a peptide from the c2 domain of conventional pkcs (c2-2), a peptide from the n-terminal variable domain of epsilonpkc (epsilonv1-2) and a peptide (abp) from the actin-binding domain of epsilonpkc (epsilon(223-228)). 2. isometric force was directly recorded from individual hyperpermeable ferret portal vein or aortic smooth muscle cells. 3. phenylep ... | 1999 | 10358112 |
| organophosphorus-induced neurotoxicity in the absence of neuropathy target esterase inhibition: the effects of triphenyl phosphine in the european ferret. | abou-donia et al. (in toxicologist, vol. 30, 1996) have reported that repeated oral administration of the organo-phosphorus compound triphenyl phosphine (tppn) to the domestic chicken results in neuropathological changes in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, accompanied by ataxia and paralysis. this study also noted that single doses of tppn resulted in no inhibition of the enzymes neuropathy target esterase (nte) and acetylcholinesterase (ache). we undertook the present study to determine t ... | 1999 | 10367344 |
| in vitro recordings of afferent fibres with receptive fields in the serosa, muscle and mucosa of rat colon. | 1. colonic afferent fibres were recorded using a novel in vitro preparation. fibres with endings in the colonic mucosa are described, along with those in muscle and serosa, and their responses to a range of mechanical and chemical luminal stimuli. 2. mechanical stimuli were applied to the tissue, which included stretch, blunt probing of the mucosa and stroking of the mucosa with von frey hairs (10-1000 mg). chemical stimuli were applied into a ring that was placed over the mechanoreceptive field ... | 1999 | 10373708 |
| animal models for gastric helicobacter immunology and vaccine studies. | over the last decade animal models have been used extensively to investigate disease processes and therapy for helicobacter pylori infections. the h. pylori animal models which have been used in pathogenesis and vaccine studies include the gnotobiotic pig, non-human primates, cats, dogs, and several species of rodents including mice, rats, gerbils and guinea pigs. h. felis infection of mice and h. mustelae infection of ferrets have also been used. recently, investigators have begun using transge ... | 1999 | 10378428 |
| nematode-induced jejunal inflammation in the ferret causes long-term changes in excitatory neuromuscular responses. | enteric infections in animals and humans have proven the link between mucosal inflammation and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. the goal of the present investigation was to study the long-term effects of mucosal inflammation on the neuromuscular functions of the small intestine in a ferret model of primary trichinella spiralis infection. myeloperoxidase activity and isometric contractions of isolated jejunal muscles were studied on days 8, 30, and 60 postinfection (pi). the peak increase in m ... | 1999 | 10381764 |
| laboratory animal models in periodontology. | animal models are needed to objectively evaluate the pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases and its various treatment modalities. selection of the appropriate animal model depends on the similarity of the periodontium and the nature of the disease to that of humans. the more commonly used animal models for studying the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, use of implants and guided tissue regeneration have been dogs and nonhuman primates. periodontal disease in rodents has not been found to ... | 1999 | 10382571 |
| intracellular free calcium accumulation in ferret vascular smooth muscle during crystalloid and blood cardioplegic infusions. | the effects of magnesium- and potassium-based crystalloid and blood-containing cardioplegic solutions on coronary smooth muscle intracellular free calcium ([ca2+]i) accumulation and microvascular contractile function were examined. | 1999 | 10384199 |
| hybrid logistic characterization of isometric twitch force curve of isolated ferret right ventricular papillary muscle. | we previously found that the isovolumic pressure curve of the left ventricle and the isometric twitch force curve of the right ventricular in situ papillary muscle, both of the blood-perfused canine heart, were precisely fitted by our newly proposed hybrid logistic function. this function describes the difference between the two s-shaped logistic functions for the rising and falling components: a/[1+exp{-(4b/a)(t-c)}]-d/[1+exp{-(4e/d)(t-f)}]+g. this function characterizes comprehensively both ve ... | 1999 | 10393349 |
| pattern formation by retinal afferents in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus: developmental segregation and the role of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. | the projection from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) in ferrets segregates during development into eye-specific layers and on/off sublayers. the projection pattern and the morphology of single axons was examined at several postnatal ages. the axons progress from a simple, sparsely branched morphology at birth to crude arbors at postnatal day 7 (p7). at p14-p15, axons have terminal arbors that span one eye-specific layer. by p19-p21, retinal afferents in the a layers have segreg ... | 1999 | 10404257 |
| pharmacology of g-1-64, a new nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with rapid onset and short duration of action. | chances are slim that a clinically useful ultra-short-acting neuromuscular blocking agent of rapid onset will emerge from the benzylisoquinolinium or the aminosteroid series to which all currently popular relaxants belong. g-1-64 is a promising prototype of a new series of bis-quaternary ammonium salt of bistropinyl diester derivatives we have synthesized and studied in the laboratory. | 1999 | 10408820 |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+) release by 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-cmc) in intact and chemically skinned ferret cardiac ventricular fibers. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-cmc) could generate caffeine-like responses in ferret cardiac muscle. the concentration dependence of 4-cmc-mediated release of ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied in intact cardiac trabeculae and saponin-skinned fibers in which the sarcoplasmic reticulum was loaded with ca(2+). in intact and saponin-skinned preparations isolated from right ventricle, the effect of 4-cmc on sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+) conten ... | 1999 | 10411565 |
| interspecies differences in the cardiac negative inotropic effects of beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists. | the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of three preferential (brl 37344, sr 58611, cl 316 243) and a partial (cgp 12177) beta-adrenoceptor (beta(3)-ar) agonists on the contractility of ventricular strips sampled from various mammalian species including humans. in the human heart, all beta(3)-ar agonists tested decreased contractility by 40 to 60% below control with an order of potency: brl 37344 > cl 316 243 = sr 58611 >> cgp 12177. in the dog, the negative inotropic effects pro ... | 1999 | 10411579 |
| influenza virus subtype cross-reactivities of haemagglutination inhibiting and virus neutralising serum antibodies induced by infection or vaccination with an iscom-based vaccine. | in order to study the levels of cross-reactivity of the influenza virus-specific antibody response upon infection or vaccination, usually hemagglutination inhibition assays are performed. in the present study post-infection ferret sera and serum samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques which were vaccinated with an iscom preparation based on the influenza virus strain a/netherlands/18/94 (h3n2) were analyzed for cross-reactivity in the hemagglutination inhibition assay and in virus neutralizati ... | 1999 | 10418897 |
| genetic diversity within cryptosporidium parvum and related cryptosporidium species. | to assess the genetic diversity in cryptosporidium parvum, we have sequenced the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene of seven cryptosporidium spp., various isolates of c. parvum from eight hosts, and a cryptosporidium isolate from a desert monitor. phylogenetic analysis of the ssu rrna sequences confirmed the multispecies nature of the genus cryptosporidium, with at least four distinct species (c. parvum, c. baileyi, c. muris, and c. serpentis). other species previously defined by biologic characteris ... | 1999 | 10427023 |
| neural control mechanisms within airways: disruption by respiratory syncytial virus. | among the factors influencing airway function are neural control mechanisms, including adrenergic, cholinergic, nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic excitatory pathways. respiratory infections affect these pathways in ways that are not entirely clear. | 1999 | 10431135 |
| stimulation of na+-k+-2cl- cotransport by arsenite in ferret erythrocytes. | 1. na+-k+-2cl- cotransport activity was measured in ferret erythrocytes as the bumetanide-sensitive uptake of 86rb. 2. the na+-k+-2cl- cotransport rate was stimulated by treating erythrocytes with sodium arsenite but not by sodium arsenate (up to 1 mm). stimulation took an hour to develop fully. arsenite had no effect on bumetanide-resistant 86rb uptake. 3. in cells stored for 3 days or less, cotransport stimulation by arsenite could be described by assuming arsenite either acts at a single site ... | 1999 | 10432345 |
| the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret's visual cortex. | microelectrode recordings and optical imaging of intrinsic signals were used to define the critical period for susceptibility to monocular deprivation (md) in the primary visual cortex of the ferret. ferrets were monocularly deprived for 2, 7 or >14 d, beginning between postnatal day 19 (p19) and p110. the responses of visual cortical neurons to stimulation of the two eyes were used to gauge the onset, peak, and decline of the critical period. mds ending before p32 produced little or no loss of ... | 1999 | 10436053 |
| maps of central visual space in ferret v1 and v2 lack matching inputs from the two eyes. | in the visual cortex, the representation of central visual space is supplied by matching geniculate inputs that are driven exclusively by one eye or the other. in layer 4 of early visual areas (v1 in primates and v1 and v2 in cat), these inputs form a nearly uniform array of small ocular dominance domains, while preserving overall topographic order within the cortical map. in ferret, however, ocular dominance domains in different regions of the visual cortex are strikingly irregular in size and ... | 1999 | 10436063 |
| the tachykinin nk1 receptor in the brain: pharmacology and putative functions. | after its discovery in 1931, substance p (sp) remained the only mammalian member of the family of tachykinin peptides for several decades. tachykinins thus refer to peptides sharing the common c-terminal amino acid sequence phe-x-gly-leu-met x nh2. in recent years the family of mammalian tachykinins has grown with the isolation of two novel peptides from bovine and porcine central nervous system (cns), neurokinin a and neurokinin b. in parallel with the identification of multiple endogenous tach ... | 1999 | 10443564 |
| muscarinic regulation of ca2+ signaling in mammalian atrial and ventricular myocardium. | the differential regulation of the contractility of mammalian atrial and ventricular myocardium upon activation of muscarinic receptors can be ascribed, for the most part, to alterations in intracellular ca2+ transients. however, alterations in myofibrillar sensitivity to ca2+ ions also contribute to such regulation. in atrial muscle, the following actions are all associated with the corresponding alterations in the amplitude of ca2+ transients in the same direction as those in the strength of t ... | 1999 | 10443574 |
| the neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase is required for pattern formation by retinal afferents in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus. | the ferret retinogeniculate projection undergoes activity-dependent refinement of connections that become restricted to eye specific laminae and on/off sublaminae in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). we have previously shown that the developmental process by which on/off sublaminae form requires n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors and nitric oxide (no). in this study, we investigate the role of the neuronal form of no synthase (nnos) in sublaminar refinement. this isoform of nos may be cou ... | 1999 | 10446349 |
| erratum | hahm j-o, cramer ks, sur m. 1999. pattern formation by retinal afferents in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus: developmental segregation and the role of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. j comp neurol 411:327-345. due to a printer's error, figures 6 and 12 were transposed after the proofs of the article had been approved by the author. the correct figures and legends are reprinted on the following pages. the publisher regrets the error. | 1999 | 10464365 |
| human serum-resistant retroviral vector particles from galactosyl (alpha1-3) galactosyl containing nonprimate cell lines. | retroviral vector particles (rvp) which are resistant to inactivation by human serum will be needed for many in vivo gene therapy applications. murine-based producer cell lines generate rvp which are inactivated by human serum, reportedly due to the presence of the galactosyl (alpha1-3) galactosyl carbohydrate moiety (alphagal) on these and other nonprimate producer cells and rvp. consequently, human cells (which lack the alphagal moiety) have been developed as producer cell lines for generation ... | 1999 | 10467364 |
| the effect of fentanyl on c-fos expression in the trigeminal brainstem complex produced by pulpal heat stimulation in the ferret. | we have previously shown that fos-like immunoreactivity (fos-li) is evoked in the brainstem of ferrets following stimulation of pulpal a delta and c fibers originating from the maxillary canine. this study evaluated the effects of the mu-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl on fos expression evoked by noxious thermal stimulation of the right maxillary and mandibular canines in pentobarbital/chloral hydrate anesthetized adult male ferrets. pulpal heating evoked fos expression in two distinct regions ... | 1999 | 10467925 |
| characterization of endothelin receptors in the anesthetized ferret: a novel model for investigating the functional et(b) receptor subtypes. | the pharmacology of endothelin (et)-1, big et-1, et-3, and s6c were characterized in the anesthetized ferret to assess whether this species would provide a new and suitable nonrodent model to be used in characterization of endothelin antagonists. unlike other species such as dog, rabbit, and rat, the ferret exhibited a dose-dependent pressor response to both et-1 and big et-1 with no preceding vasodilatory response. the median effective concentration (ed50) values were 0.047+/-0.009 and 0.469+/- ... | 1999 | 10470993 |
| effect of field capture on the measurement of cellular immune responses in wild ferrets (mustela furo), vectors of bovine tuberculosis in new zealand. | ferrets are recognised as significant wildlife vectors of bovine tuberculosis (tb) in new zealand. disease management strategies, such as the development of a protective wildlife vaccine, could be assisted by the ability to measure pertinent cellular immune responses among wild animals. in the present study, we investigated whether it is possible to measure in vitro lymphocyte reactivity in wild-caught ferrets, and also determined levels of physiological stress in these animals, and we compared ... | 1999 | 10478422 |
| pregnancy toxemia in the european ferret (mustela putorius furo). | pregnancy toxemia may lead to appreciable mortality among jills and their offspring. the objective of this report was to increase awareness of the disease, its likely cause, and practical prevention and treatment measures. | 1999 | 10480641 |
| improvement of cisplatin-induced emesis and delayed gastric emptying by kb-r6933, a novel 5-ht3 receptor antagonist. | the effects of a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-ht3) receptor antagonist, kb-r6933, 6-amino-5-chloro-1-isopropyl-2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-benzimidazole dimaleate, on emesis and delayed gastric emptying induced by cisplatin were assessed in experimental models. prophylactic intravenous or oral treatment with kb-r6933 prolonged the latent period until the first emetic episode and decreased the number of emetic episodes induced by cisplatin in ferrets. kb-r6933 immediately inhibited the subsequent ... | 1999 | 10480662 |
| gaba(b) receptors inhibit mechanosensitivity of primary afferent endings. | the modulatory effects of baclofen on the sensitivity of peripheral afferent endings to mechanical stimulation were investigated using an in vitro ferret gastroesophageal vagal afferent preparation. changes in sensitivity of three types of gastroesophageal vagal afferent endings previously categorized as mucosal, tension, and tension-mucosal (tm) receptors according to their mechanoreceptive field characteristics were investigated. baclofen (30-200 microm) dose dependently reduced responses of m ... | 1999 | 10493759 |
| rods and cones project to the inner plexiform layer during development. | mature rod and cone photoreceptor cells extend terminals to the outer plexiform layer (opl), where they form characteristic spherules or pedicles, synapsing with the second-order neurons of the inner nuclear layer (inl). the present study demonstrates that, prior to the formation of this connectivity, immature rods and cones in the ferret extend processes beyond the level of the horizontal cells and future opl, reaching the inner plexiform layer (ipl). the number of processes extending to the ip ... | 1999 | 10494074 |
| coexistence of widespread clones and large radial clones in early embryonic ferret cortex. | cell lineage analysis in rodents has shown that the cerebral cortex is formed from both widespread and large radial clustered clones representing partly distinct lineages and producing differing cell types. since previous cell lineage analysis of the ferret cortex using retroviral libraries showed that most neurons labeled at e33-e35 formed widespread clones, we determined whether clones labeled earlier in neurogenesis showed a greater tendency to form coherent radial clones. clones labeled at e ... | 1999 | 10498282 |
| blockade of putative beta4- and beta1-adrenoceptors by carvedilol in ferret myocardium. | the putative beta4-adrenoceptor mediates positive inotropic effects, action potential shortening and arrhythmias in ferret ventricle. here we compared the affinity of carvedilol at the putative beta4-adrenoceptor and beta1-adrenoceptor, activated by (+/-)-cgp 12177 and (-)-isoprenaline, respectively. in paced right ventricular preparations, carvedilol (0.01-10 micromol/l) was a simple competitive antagonist of the positive inotropic effects of (+/-)-cgp 12177 (slope of schild-plot = 1.02, pk(b) ... | 1999 | 10498290 |
| submucosal gland development in the airway is controlled by lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef1). | previous studies have demonstrated that transcription of the lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef1) gene is upregulated in submucosal gland progenitor cells just prior to gland bud formation in the developing ferret trachea. in the current report, several animal models were utilized to functionally investigate the role of lef1 in initiating and supporting gland development in the airway. studies on lef1-deficient mice and antisense oligonucleotides in a ferret xenograft model demonstrate that ... | 1999 | 10498680 |
| ferret pyramidal cell dendritogenesis: changes in morphology and ganglioside expression during cortical development. | pyramidal cell ontogenesis and basilar dendritic differentiation were evaluated concomitantly with ganglioside expression and distribution in ferret cerebral cortex. layer v neurons began basilar dendritogenesis on postnatal day 1 (p1) with a peak in dendritic arborization occurring at p21. layer ii/iii neurons, in contrast, were in early stages of basilar dendritic differentiation at p14, resulting in a complex dendritic arbor at p28. high performance thin-layer chromatography showed numerous c ... | 1999 | 10502250 |
| role of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in pulmonary vascular control in isolated perfused lungs of ferrets, rats and rabbits. | dilator products of nitric oxide synthase (nos) and cyclooxygenase (cox) may contribute to the low normal pulmonary artery pressure (ppa). in isolated perfused lungs of ferrets, rabbits and rats we investigated this hypothesis by blockade of nos with l-name (l-nitro-arginine methyl ester) and cox with meclofenamate. there were species differences. inhibition of either enzyme caused little rise in ppa in ferrets and rats but inhibition of both enzymes caused huge increases in ppa. we suggest this ... | 1999 | 10502658 |
| vaccines. | extensive research with mice has shown that animals can be protected from or cured of helicobacter infection by immunization. a therapeutic effect has also been demonstrated in ferrets. the possibility of developing a vaccine against h. pylori-associated diseases that will work in humans has been the stimulus for intense research activity. a major subset of lymphocytes involved in immunity against invading pathogens is the cd4+ t-lymphocytes, divided into th1 and th2 phenotypes. th1 cells are in ... | 1999 | 10503828 |
| heterogeneous basal expression of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase isoforms in mammalian heart : implications for mechanisms governing indirect and direct nitric oxide-related effects. | the basal expression patterns of no synthase (nos; endothelial [enos], neuronal [nnos], and cytokine-inducible [inos]) and superoxide dismutase (sod; extracellular membrane bound [ecsod], mnsod, and cuznsod) isoforms in ferret heart (tissue sections and isolated myocytes) were determined by immunofluorescent localization. we demonstrate the following for the first time in the mammalian heart: (1) heterogeneous expression patterns of the 3 nos and 3 sod isoforms among different tissue and myocyte ... | 1999 | 10506482 |
| the effects of early prenatal monocular enucleation on the routing of uncrossed retinofugal axons and the cellular environment at the chiasm of mouse embryos. | whereas it has been shown that early monocular enucleations produce a reduction in the uncrossed pathway from the surviving eye in rats and ferrets, similar evidence for binocular interactions in the development of the uncrossed component in mice is currently open to question. using retrograde tracing, we have investigated the time course of changes in the uncrossed retinofugal pathway immediately after the early prenatal monocular enucleation in mouse embryos. removal of one eye from c57 pigmen ... | 1999 | 10510186 |
| the role of sensory neuropeptides and nitric oxide on pulpal blood flow and tissue pressure in the ferret. | a study was designed to investigate the effects of close intra-arterial infusion of antagonists to the sensory neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance p, as well as the effect of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor l-name on pulpal blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure during resting conditions and after electrical tooth stimulation. the micropuncture technique was used to measure tissue pressure and laser-doppler flowmetry for blood flow recordings in ferret canine tee ... | 1999 | 10512388 |
| inhibition of transient les relaxations and reflux in ferrets by gaba receptor agonists. | transient lower esophageal sphincter (les) relaxation is the major mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux. this study uses an established ferret model to evaluate gaba(b) receptor agonists' ability to reduce triggering of transient les relaxations. one hundred sixty manometric/ph studies were performed on 18 conscious ferrets. in untreated animals, intragastric infusion of 25 ml glucose (ph 3.5) led to 2.0 +/- 0.6 reflux episodes over the first 30 min. twenty-nine of forty-seven reflux episodes oc ... | 1999 | 10516154 |
| liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir (gg167) in human serum. | an lc-ms-ms method for the analysis of the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, in human serum is described. zanamivir was extracted from protein precipitated human serum samples using isolute scx solid-phase extraction cartridges and analysed using reversed-phase chromatography with turboionspray atmospheric pressure ionisation followed by mass spectrometric detection. the method uses a stable isotope internal standard, is highly specific and sensitive for a compound of this type and has been us ... | 1999 | 10517361 |