| diet effects on honeybee immunocompetence. | the maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and a lack of dietary protein can increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease. however, few studies have investigated the relationship between protein nutrition and immunity in insects. here, we tested in honeybees (apis mellifera) whether dietary protein quantity (monofloral pollen) and diet diversity (polyfloral pollen) can shape baseline immunocompetence (ic) by measuring parameters of individual immunity (haemocyte concentration, fa ... | 2010 | 20089536 |
| identification and characterization of the parasitic wasp nasonia defensins: positive selection targeting the functional region? | defensin is a crucial component of innate immunity highly conserved across different insect orders. here, we report identification and characterization of defensins in the parasitic wasp nasonia (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). in comparison with those in the non-parasitic insect apis mellifera, two different subtypes of defensins (defensin1 and defensin2) have undergone independent gene duplication to create a mutigene family of five members (named 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3) in the nasonia lineage ... | 2010 | 20097222 |
| inhibition of escherichia coli atp synthase by amphibian antimicrobial peptides. | previously melittin, the alpha-helical basic honey bee venom peptide, was shown to inhibit f(1)-atpase by binding at the beta-subunit delseed motif of f(1)f(o)-atp synthase. herein, we present the inhibitory effects of the basic alpha-helical amphibian antimicrobial peptides, ascaphin-8, aurein 2.2, aurein 2.3, carein 1.8, carein 1.9, citropin 1.1, dermaseptin, maculatin 1.1, maganin ii, mrp, or xt-7, on purified f(1) and membrane bound f(1)f(0)escherichia coli atp synthase. we found that the ex ... | 2010 | 20100509 |
| spme and gc-ms analysis of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate released from dental composite. | a solid-phase microextraction (spme) coupled with gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tegdma) in aqueous media originated from cured dental composite. cylindrical specimens of a common dental composite were cured and immersed for 48 h in 3 ml portions of human saliva and also some non-biologic media e.g., pure water and ringer's solution. the extraction was carried out by direct spme for 15 min. the efficiency ... | 2010 | 20109291 |
| properties of different lactic acid bacteria isolated from apis mellifera l. bee-gut. | eight strains belonging to lactobacillus spp. and five to enterococcus spp. were isolated from the gut of worker apis mellifera l. bees. studies based on 16s rrna sequencing revealed that aj5, ig9, a15 and crl1647 strains had a 99% identity with lactobacillus johnsonii, while sm21 showed a 99% similarity with enterococcus faecium. l. johnsonii crl1647, aj5 and ig9 were high lactic acid producers (values were between 177 and 275 mm), and in vitro they inhibited different human food-borne pathogen ... | 2011 | 20116222 |
| can red flowers be conspicuous to bees? bombus dahlbomii and south american temperate forest flowers as a case in point. | it has been argued that trichromatic bees with photoreceptor spectral sensitivity peaks in the ultraviolet (uv), blue and green areas of the spectrum are blind to long wavelengths (red to humans). south american temperate forests (satf) contain a large number of human red-looking flowers that are reported to be visited by the bumblebee bombus dahlbomii. in the present study, b. dahlbomii's spectral sensitivity was measured through electroretinogram (erg) recordings. no extended sensitivity to lo ... | 2010 | 20118307 |
| bee community as a source of energy in the production of food, honey-plants in the ecosystem of croatian forests' hunting grounds. | in addition to the process of photosynthesis, the bee community is the main source of energy in food production, honey-plants used by game and people in the hunting grounds ecosystem. it is a well-known fact that thousands of plant species depend on the presence of bee communities (pollination, fertilization). in this paper we studied the presence of the bee community in the hunting grounds of croatian forests, and their influence on the number of game (wild pigs), as well as the quality of hone ... | 2009 | 20120520 |
| expression of acc-royalisin gene from royal jelly of chinese honeybee in escherichia coli and its antibacterial activity. | royalisin is an antibacterial peptide found in royal jelly. two gene fragments of chinese honeybee (apis cerana cerana) head, 280 bp cdna encoding pre-pro-acc-royalisin (ppar) of 95 amino acid residues, and 165 bp cdna encoding mature acc-royalisin (mar) of 51 amino acid residues were cloned into the pgex-4t-2 vector. they were then transformed individually into escherichia coli for expression. two expressed fusion proteins, glutathione s-transferase (gst)-ppar of 36 kda and gst-mar of 32 kda we ... | 2010 | 20121109 |
| effects at nearctic north-temperate latitudes of indoor versus outdoor overwintering on the microsporidium nosema ceranae and western honey bees (apis mellifera). | in northern temperate climates, western honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies can be wintered outdoors exposed to ambient conditions, or indoors in a controlled setting. because very little is known about how this affects the recently-detected microsporidium nosema ceranae, we investigated effects of indoor versus outdoor overwintering on spring n. ceranae intensity (spores per bee), and on winter and spring colony mortality. for colonies medicated with fumagilin-b(r) to control n. ceranae, overwi ... | 2010 | 20123103 |
| expression and characterization of the chitinases from serratia marcescens gei strain for the control of varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite. | serratia marcescens gei strain was isolated from the gut of the workers of chinese honey bee apis cerana and evaluated in the laboratory for the control of varroa destructor, a parasite of western honey bee a. mellifera. the supernatant and the collected proteins by ammonium sulfate from the bacterial cultures showed a strong miticidal effect on the female mites, with 100% mite mortality in 5days. heat (100 degrees c for 10min) and proteinase k treatment of the collected proteins destroyed the m ... | 2010 | 20153333 |
| fitness aspects of transgenic aedes fluviatilis mosquitoes expressing a plasmodium-blocking molecule. | vector-born diseases cause millions of deaths every year globally. alternatives for the control of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are urgently needed and the use of transgenic mosquitoes that block parasite/virus is a sound strategy to be used within control programs. however, prior to use transgenic mosquitoes as control tools, it is important to study their fitness since different biological aspects might influence their ability to disseminate and compete with wild populations. we p ... | 2010 | 20155397 |
| two novel proteins expressed by the venom glands of apis mellifera and nasonia vitripennis share an ancient c1q-like domain. | an in-depth proteomic study of previously unidentified two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis spots of honey bee (apis mellifera, hymenoptera) venom revealed a new protein with a c1q conserved domain (c1q-vp). blastp searching revealed a strong identity with only two proteins from other insect species: the jewel wasp, nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera), and the green pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera). in higher organisms, c1q is the first subcomponent of the classical complem ... | 2010 | 20167013 |
| hyperalgesic and edematogenic effects of peptides isolated from the venoms of honeybee (apis mellifera) and neotropical social wasps (polybia paulista and protonectarina sylveirae). | stings by bees and wasps, including brazilian species, are a severe public health problem. the local reactions observed after the envenoming includes typical inflammatory response and pain. several studies have been performed to identify the substances, including peptides that are responsible for such phenomena. the aim of the present study is to characterize the possible nociceptive (hyperalgesic) and edematogenic effects of some peptides isolated from the venoms of the honeybee (apis mellifera ... | 2011 | 20177946 |
| deep phylogeny--how a tree can help characterize early life on earth. | the darwinian concept of biological evolution assumes that life on earth shares a common ancestor. the diversification of this common ancestor through speciation events and vertical transmission of genetic material implies that the classification of life can be illustrated in a tree-like manner, commonly referred to as the tree of life. this article describes features of the tree of life, such as how the tree has been both pruned and become bushier throughout the past century as our knowledge of ... | 2010 | 20182607 |
| postantibiotic effect of purified melittin from honeybee (apis mellifera) venom against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. | since the ancient times, the antibacterial application of honeybee venom (bv) has been practised and persisted. we investigated the antibacterial activity of whole bv and purified melittin against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus by the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and the postantibiotic effects (paes). the in vitro paes of whole bv and isolated melittin were determined using e. coli and s. aureus. the paes of whole bv against e. coli and s. aureus were 0.15 h (1 x mic), 2. ... | 2009 | 20183327 |
| bee venom inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of vegfr-2 in llc-tumor-bearing mice. | bee venom (bv) treatment is the therapeutic application of honeybee venom (hbv) for treating various diseases in oriental medicine. in the present work, the authors investigated the functional specificity of bv as an angiogenesis inhibitor using in vitro models and in vivo mouse angiogenesis and lung metastasis models. bv significantly inhibited the viability of lewis lung carcinoma (llc) cells but did not affect peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (pbml) cells. bv also inhibited vascular e ... | 2010 | 20188461 |
| geographic variation in the growth of domesticated honey bee stocks: disease or economics? | declines in the stocks of domesticated honey bees in some countries have been attributed to disease, which is at odds with an increasing global trend in the total number of hives. based on data on annual growth rates in hive numbers and honey production for 87 countries, we tested the hypothesis that geographic heterogeneity in the growth of the domesticated honey bee population can be attributed to disease. in contrast to predictions of this hypothesis, changes in honey production varied in pro ... | 2009 | 20195451 |
| novel antimicrobial peptides from the venom of the eusocial bee halictus sexcinctus (hymenoptera: halictidae) and their analogs. | two novel antimicrobial peptides, named halictines, were isolated from the venom of the eusocial bee halictus sexcinctus. their primary sequences were established by esi-qtof mass spectrometry, edman degradation and enzymatic digestion as gly-met-trp-ser-lys-ile-leu-gly-his-leu-ile-arg-nh2 (hal-1), and gly-lys-trp-met-ser-leu-leu-lys-his-ile-leu-lys-nh2 (hal-2). both peptides exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but also noticeable hemolytic ac ... | 2010 | 20198492 |
| [influence of honey, royal jelly and propolis on accelerating acetate healing of experimental gastric ulcers in rats]. | this study examines gastric acetic ulcer healing in the rat after administration of honey, royal jelly and propolis into the stomach. chronic gastric ulcers were induced in male wistar rats by the application of 100% acetic acid to the serosal surface of the stomach on 60 sec. bee-keeping products were administrated into the stomach from 2nd to 7th day after acetic ulcer induction. on 7th day animals were killed, and ulcer area was measured in mm2. in gastric juice ph and activity of pepsin were ... | 2009 | 20201286 |
| the protective effect of bee venom against ethanol-induced hepatic injury via regulation of the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. | alcohol consumption increases apoptosis of hepatocytes. death of hepatocytes is a characteristic feature of chronic liver disease for various causes. bee venom (apis mellifera) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as chronic inflammatory arthritis and chronic liver disease. however, the precise mechanism for bee venom in chronic liver disease is not still cleared. to assess the effects of bee venom in chronic liver disease, we investigated the potential ... | 2010 | 20210790 |
| winter losses of honeybee colonies (hymenoptera: apidae): the role of infestations with aethina tumida (coleoptera: nitidulidae) and varroa destructor (parasitiformes: varroidae). | multiple infections of managed honeybee, apis mellifera, colonies are inevitable due to the ubiquitous ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and might be an underlying cause of winter losses. here we investigated the role of adult small hive beetles, aethina tumida, alone and in combination with v. destructor for winter losses and for infections with the microsporidian endoparasite nosema ceranae. we found no significant influence of a. tumida and v. destructor alone or in combination on the numb ... | 2010 | 20214362 |
| first molecular detection of a viral pathogen in ugandan honey bees. | ugandan honey bees (apis mellifera l.) produce honey, and are key pollinators within commercial crops and natural ecosystems. real-time rt-pcr was used to screen immature and adult bees collected from 63 beekeeping sites across uganda for seven viral pathogens. no samples tested positive for chronic bee paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, deformed wing virus, acute bee paralysis virus, apis iridescent virus or israeli acute paralysis virus. however, black queen cell virus (bqcv) was found in 35.6% ... | 2010 | 20219470 |
| five-year cohort study of nosema spp. in germany: does climate shape virulence and assertiveness of nosema ceranae? | nosema ceranae and nosema apis are two fungal pathogens belonging to the phylum microsporidia and infecting the european honeybee, apis mellifera. recent studies have suggested that n. ceranae is more virulent than n. apis both at the individual insect level and at the colony level. severe colony losses could be attributed to n. ceranae infections, and an unusual form of nosemosis is caused by this pathogen. in the present study, data from a 5-year cohort study of the prevalence of nosema spp. i ... | 2010 | 20228103 |
| how honey kills bacteria. | with the rise in prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, honey is increasingly valued for its antibacterial activity. to characterize all bactericidal factors in a medical-grade honey, we used a novel approach of successive neutralization of individual honey bactericidal factors. all bacteria tested, including bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli, ciprofloxacin-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancom ... | 2010 | 20228250 |
| comparative virulence of nosema ceranae and nosema apis in individual european honey bees. | nosema apis and nosema ceranae are intracellular microsporidian parasites infecting the midgut epithelial cells of adult honey bees. n. ceranae was considered to be restricted to the asian honey bee, apis cerana, but is nowadays a parasite found also in the european honey bee (apis mellifera) across most of the world. recent surveys and experimental work suggest that n. ceranae is a serious threat to the global beekeeping industry. it has been suggested that n. ceranae induces significantly high ... | 2010 | 20299152 |
| the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in the honey bee, apis mellifera. | the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of developmental processes in higher organisms. bhlh family members have been identified in a dozen of organisms including fruit fly, mouse and human. in this study, we identified 51 bhlh sequences in silico in the honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), genome. phylogenetic analyses revealed that they belong to 38 bhlh families with 21, 11, 9, 1, 8 and 1 members in high-order groups a, b, c, ... | 2008 | 20302461 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of sid-1-like genes from aphids. | abstract the sid-1 (systemic interference defective) gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is an important participator in the systemic rnai pathway and has been reported in several organisms. in insects, sid-1-like genes were described from tribolium castaneum, apis mellifera, bombyx mori and schistocerca americana, but were not found in drosophila melanogaster and anopheles gambiae. to investigate whether this gene occurs in aphid species, rt-pcrs were performed using degenerate primers de ... | 2008 | 20302524 |
| honeybee associative learning performance and metabolic stress resilience are positively associated. | social-environmental influences can affect animal cognition and health. also, human socio-economic status is a covariate factor connecting psychometric test-performance (a measure of cognitive ability), educational achievement, lifetime health, and survival. the complimentary hypothesis, that mechanisms in physiology can explain some covariance between the same traits, is disputed. possible mechanisms involve metabolic biology affecting integrity and stability of physiological systems during dev ... | 2010 | 20305818 |
| the anti-tumor effect of bee honey in ehrlich ascite tumor model of mice is coincided with stimulation of the immune cells. | honey is thought to exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties including antibacterial, antifungal, cytostatic and anti-inflammatory activity and has been used for the treatment of gastric ulcers, burns, and for storage of skin grafts. the present study investigated the antitumor effect of bee honey against ehrlich ascites tumor in mice and the possible mode of antitumor action. peroral administration of mice with honey (10, 100 or 1000 mg/ 100 g bw) every other day for 4 weeks before in ... | 2008 | 20306700 |
| royal jelly proteome comparison between a. mellifera ligustica and a. cerana cerana. | in this study, we compared royal jelly (rj) produced by apis mellifera ligustica and apis cerana cerana in production, protein profiles, and abundances using proteomic approaches. the rj proteome was displayed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2dge), and proteins were identified using maldi-tof ms and lc-chip/esi-qtof ms. differences in the rj proteome between the two bee species were validated using western-blot analysis. rj production by a. cerana cerana (3.21 +/- 0.43 g) is significa ... | 2010 | 20307072 |
| mechanisms of changes in coronary arterial tone induced by bee venom toxins. | our study elucidates some mechanisms of contractions or relaxations of isolated porcine left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) induced by two peptides from the honeybee venom, melittin and apamin. contractions or relaxations were measured on relaxed or precontracted arteries, respectively. melittin at lower concentrations (0.1-10 microg/ml) induced transient relaxation, and contraction at higher concentrations (>or=7 microg/ml). the removing of the endothelium diminished the melittin-ind ... | 2010 | 20307563 |
| a novel conjugative plasmid from enterococcus faecalis e99 enhances resistance to ultraviolet radiation. | enterococcus faecalis has emerged as a prominent healthcare-associated pathogen frequently encountered in bacteremia, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, and as a leading cause of antibiotic-resistant infections. we recently demonstrated a capacity for high-level biofilm formation by a clinical e. faecalis isolate, e99. this high biofilm-forming phenotype was attributable to a novel locus, designated bee, specifying a pilus at the bacterial cell surface and localized to a large approximately ... | 2010 | 20307569 |
| socially induced brain development in a facultatively eusocial sweat bee megalopta genalis (halictidae). | changes in the relative size of brain regions are often dependent on experience and environmental stimulation, which includes an animal's social environment. some studies suggest that social interactions are cognitively demanding, and have examined predictions that the evolution of sociality led to the evolution of larger brains. previous studies have compared species with different social organizations or different groups within obligately social species. here, we report the first intraspecific ... | 2010 | 20335213 |
| bioactivity of propolis from different geographical origins on varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite that affects colonies of honey bee apis mellifera worldwide. in the last years, substances of botanical origin have emerged as natural alternative acaricides to diminish the population levels of the mite. in the present work, the bioactivity of propolis from different geographical locations of pampean region from argentina on v. destructor was evaluated. fourteen propolis samples were organoleptic and physicochemically characterized and, by means topica ... | 2010 | 20336318 |
| the effect of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus load in worker honey bees (apis mellifera l.). | elucidating the mechanisms by which honey bees process pollen vs. protein supplements are important in the generation of artificial diets needed to sustain managed honeybees. we measured the effects of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus titers in worker honey bees fed either pollen, a protein supplement (megabee), or a protein-free diet of sugar syrup. workers consumed more pollen than protein supplement, but protein amounts and size of hypopharyngeal gland ... | 2010 | 20346950 |
| identification, recombinant expression, and characterization of the 100 kda high molecular weight hymenoptera venom allergens api m 5 and ves v 3. | insect stings can cause life-threatening ige-mediated anaphylactic reactions in venom-allergic patients. although several compounds have already been described as venom allergens, prominent allergen candidates especially in the higher m.w. range have still remained elusive. tandem mass spectrometry-based sequencing assigned a candidate gene to the most prominent putative high m.w. allergen api m 5 (allergen c) in honeybee (apis mellifera) venom and also allowed identification of its homologue ve ... | 2010 | 20348419 |
| antibacterial mono- and sesquiterpene esters of benzoic acids from iranian propolis. | propolis (bee glue) has been used as a remedy since ancient times. propolis from unexplored regions attracts the attention of scientists in the search for new bioactive molecules. | 2010 | 20350297 |
| additional clinical and molecular analyses of tfap2a in patients with the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. | the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (bofs) is a rare disorder with approximately 50 sporadic and familial cases in the literature. we report on the clinical and molecular analyses of five additional patients with bofs (two familial and three sporadic). dna analysis of the tfap2a gene associated with bofs using dna sequencing detected a mutation [c.763a>g (p.arg255gly)] in two unrelated patients. this mutation had been reported in another patient and indicates a probable mutational hotspot in the ... | 2010 | 20358615 |
| alpha1-acid glycoprotein production in rat dorsal air pouch in response to inflammatory stimuli, dexamethasone and honey bee venom. | this study shows the rapid and differential production of the 40-43 kda and the 70-90 kda alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp) fucosylated glycoforms after treatment of the dorsal air pouch with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), hgcl(2) or freund's complete adjuvant (fca). the 40-43 kda and the 70-90 kda agp production is peaked 1-3 h post-lps treatment. we observed that the responses to lps and fca are similar in that both agp isoforms are induced whereas they differ in that the fca exhibits a 6 h ... | 2010 | 20363221 |
| the assessment of bee venom responses in an experimental model of mono-arthritis using tc-99m dpd bone scintigraphy. | several recent studies have shown that bee venom (bv) has an anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect on arthritis. however, objective methods for evaluation of the therapeutic effect of bv is insufficient in animal studies and clinical trials. our purpose was to determine the usefulness of bone scintigraphy using tc-99m dpd (3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propan-dicarbonacid) about effects of bv applied to carrageenan-induced mono-arthritis (cia) model. | 2010 | 20379856 |
| emergence phenology of osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria (hymenoptera: megachilidae), its parasitoid chrysura kyrae (hymenoptera: chrysididae), and bloom of cercis canadensis. | emergence patterns of a natural population of osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria say were monitored during a 5-yr period (2003-2007) in relation to air temperature, bloom of eastern redbud (cercis canadensis l.), and emergence of the parasitoid chysura kyrae krombein. bee cocoons were placed in gelatin capsules and overwintered within shelters in their natural habitat. mean emergence of female o. l. lignaria was observed at approximately 2 d after redbud bloom began; mean male emergence was approxim ... | 2010 | 20388263 |
| conservation and divergence of methylation patterning in plants and animals. | cytosine dna methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark present in many eukaryotic organisms. although dna methylation likely has a conserved role in gene silencing, the levels and patterns of dna methylation appear to vary drastically among different organisms. here we used shotgun genomic bisulfite sequencing (bs-seq) to compare dna methylation in eight diverse plant and animal genomes. we found that patterns of methylation are very similar in flowering plants with methylated cytosines detecte ... | 2010 | 20395551 |
| a real-time pcr-based strategy for the detection of paenibacillus larvae vegetative cells and spores to improve the diagnosis and the screening of american foulbrood. | to develop a real-time pcr-based strategy for the detection of paenibacillus larvae vegetative cells and spores to improve the diagnosis and the screening of american foulbrood (afb), the most harmful pathology of honeybee brood. | 2010 | 20406378 |
| in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of plant-derived extracts and compounds against paenibacillus larvae and their acute oral toxicity to adult honey bees. | in total, 26 natural compounds of various chemical classes (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids) and 19 crude extracts from selected plants were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity against three strains of p. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood disease of honey bees (afb) by the broth microdilution method. among the individual substances, sanguinarine (mic 4 microg/ml), followed by thymoquinone, capsaicin, trans-2-hexenal and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (mic 4-32 microg/ml) possess ... | 2010 | 20409652 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). | until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several viruses belonging to the family dicistroviridae (acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli ac ... | 2010 | 20423694 |
| effect of different levels of bee pollen on performance and blood profile of new zealand white bucks and growth performance of their offspring during summer and winter months. | the effect of bee pollen on productive and reproductive performances of adult buck rabbits and their offspring was studied during winter and summer seasons. forty new zealand white bucks were equally divided among four groups feeding the same commercial diet and receiving a water solution containing, respectively, 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg bee pollen/kg body weight, twice per week along two experimental periods. the experimental periods were listed for ten weeks both during winter (30-40 ... | 2011 | 20455966 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom on antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits: influence of endogenous glucocorticoids. | this study assessed the involvement of endogenous glucocorticoids (gcs) in the anti-arthritic properties of bee venom (bv) on antigen-induced arthritis (aia) in rabbits. | 2010 | 20457243 |
| a conserved arginine near the filter of kir1.1 controls rb/k selectivity. | romk (kir1.1) channels are important for k secretion and recycling in the collecting duct, connecting tubule and thick ascending limb of the mammalian nephron. we have identified a highly conserved arg in the p loop of the channel near the selectivity filter that controls rb/k selectivity. mutation of this arg to a tyr (r128y-kir1.1b, r147y-kir1.1a) increased the macroscopic conductance ratio, g(rb)/g(k) by 17 ± 3 fold and altered the selectivity sequence from nh(4) > k > tl > rb >> cs in wt-kir ... | 2010 | 20458182 |
| basophil activation can predict clinical sensitivity in patients after venom immunotherapy. | at present, no reliable in vitro test is available to monitor the success of specific venom immunotherapy (vit) in preventing insect venom anaphylaxis. we investigated usefulness of the basophil activation test (bat) in predicting the outcome of sting challenge in bee venom-allergic patients after vit. | 2010 | 20461965 |
| characterization of an abaecin-like antimicrobial peptide identified from a pteromalus puparum cdna clone. | abaecin is a major antimicrobial peptide, initially identified from the honeybee. in our effort to discover new antimicrobial peptides from the endoparasitoid wasp pteromalus puparum, we identified an antibacterial cdna clone that codes a fragment with high amino acid sequence similarity to abaecin. the proline-rich peptide (yvppvqkphpngpkfptfp, named pp30) was chemically synthesized and characterized in this study. antimicrobial assays indicated that the cationic peptide was active against both ... | 2010 | 20466006 |
| recombinant allergen-based ige testing to distinguish bee and wasp allergy. | the identification of the disease-causing insect in venom allergy is often difficult. | 2010 | 20466415 |
| effect of bacterial metabolites on microsporidian nosema ceranae and on its host apis mellifera. | nosemosis, a disease caused by a microsporidian infection, is one of the most frequently observed parasitic pathologies affecting adult honeybees. presently, nosema ceranae seems to be the main microsporidian infection in apis mellifera. the antibiotic fumagillin is the only compound available to treat nosema diseases; however, it is no longer licensed in most eu member states; therefore, the need to identify new molecules/substances prevails. the intent of this paper is to test bacterial metabo ... | 2010 | 20467753 |
| vanishing honey bees: is the dying of adult worker bees a consequence of short telomeres and premature aging? | einstein is often quoted to have said that without the bee, mankind would have but 4years to live. it is highly unlikely that he made this comment, which was even mentioned in a lancet article on honey bees. however, the current vanishing of the bees can have serious consequences for human health, because 35% of the human diet is thought to benefit from pollination. colony collapse disorder (ccd) in honey bees is characterized by the rapid decline of the adult bee population, leaving the brood a ... | 2010 | 20478660 |
| chitinase-like proteins encoded in the genome of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | in insects, chitinases play an essential role in the degradation of old exoskeleton and turnover of the gut lining. in silico screening of the entire genome of the pea aphid (hemimetabola), acyrthosiphon pisum, detected nine genes encoding putative chitinase-like proteins, including six enzymatically active chitinases, one imaginal disc growth factor, and one endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase. screening of the genomes of aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae, apis mellifera, bombyx mori, culex quinqu ... | 2010 | 20482649 |
| phospholipases a(2) in the genome of the sea anemone nematostella vectensis. | the genome of the sea anemone nematostella vectensis (nv) (cnidaria, anthozoa) was sequenced recently (putnam et al., science 317: 86, 2007). in the current study, 22 proteins of nv were identified as putative phospholipases a(2) (pla(2)) that showed up to 40-50% sequence identity with secreted or intracellular pla(2)s including those of humans. nv1-nv6 pla(2)s have identity with secreted human group (g)ib and giia pla(2)s and pla(2)s of the sea anemones adamsia carciniopados and urticina crassi ... | 2008 | 20483221 |
| characterization and localization of dynein and myosins v and vi in the ovaries of queen bees. | the presence of myosin and dynein in the ovaries of both apis mellifera and scaptotrigona postica was investigated in extracts and in histological sections. in the ovary extracts, motor proteins, myosins v, vi and dynein were detected by western blot. in histological sections, they were detected by immunocytochemistry, using a mouse monoclonal antibody against the intermediary chain of dynein and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the myosin v head domain. the myosin vi tail domain was recogni ... | 2010 | 20486900 |
| on the disposition of phospholipids in freshly isolated myelin sheath preparations from bovine brain. | the extent of availability of the four major classes of phospholipids in freshly isolated bovine brain myelin has been studied using phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens), phospholipase a (bee venom), sphingomyelase (staphalococcus aureus) and trinitrobenzenesulphonate. the results have been compared with those of a previous study (gwarsha et al., 1984). taken together, the data suggest that 47-67% of the phosphatidylcholine, 45-66% of the ethanolamine-containing phosphoglycerides, 52-55% of ... | 1984 | 20488087 |
| altruistic self-removal of health-compromised honey bee workers from their hive. | social insect colonies represent distinct units of selection. most individuals evolve by kin selection and forgo individual reproduction. instead, they display altruistic food sharing, nest maintenance and self-sacrificial colony defence. recently, altruistic self-removal of diseased worker ants from their colony was described as another important kin-selected behaviour. here, we report corroborating experimental evidence from honey bee foragers and theoretical analyses. we challenged honey bee ... | 2010 | 20500363 |
| behavioural fever in infected honeybees: parasitic manipulation or coincidental benefit? | infection by a parasite often induces behavioural changes in the host and these changes may benefit either the host or the parasite. however, whether these changes are active host defence mechanisms or parasitic manipulations or simply incidental byproducts of the infection is not always clear. it has been suggested that understanding the proximate mechanisms of these changes as well as comparative studies could help distinguish these alternatives better. behavioural fever is a common response t ... | 2010 | 20500914 |
| effects of exogenous phospholipases on brain membrane phospholipid perturbation, (na(+) + k(+))-atpase activity and cellular swelling of brain slices. | rat brain membranes were incubated with bee venom phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) or phospholipase c (plc) from clostridium perfringens. pla(2) caused a significant increase in free polyunsaturated fatty acids concomitant with membrane phospholipid degradation as monitored by hplc and by gas chromatography. equal concentrations of plc had a much lesser effect than pla(2). divergent and differential effects were shown on deacylation and incorporation of [(3)h]arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipid ... | 1987 | 20501100 |
| development of a user-friendly delivery method for the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor in honey bee, apis mellifera, colonies. | a user-friendly method to deliver metarhizium spores to honey bee colonies for control of varroa mites was developed and tested. patty blend formulations protected the fungal spores at brood nest temperatures and served as an improved delivery system of the fungus to bee hives. field trials conducted in 2006 in texas using freshly harvested spores indicated that patty blend formulations of 10 g of conidia per hive (applied twice) significantly reduced the numbers of mites per adult bee, mites in ... | 2010 | 20512613 |
| the developmental genetics and physiology of honeybee societies. | eusocial animal societies, as diverse as those found in the ants, bees, wasps, shrimp and naked mole-rats, are structured around one or few reproductive females. the remaining females are helpers called 'workers' that are mostly sterile. a paradigm in studies of eusociality is that worker sterility is a key to societal functions because advanced sociality cannot be achieved when there is conflict over reproduction. yet, traits such as sensory responsiveness, foraging and hoarding behaviour that ... | 2010 | 20514137 |
| genetic characterization of slow bee paralysis virus of the honeybee (apis mellifera l.). | complete genome sequences were determined for two distinct strains of slow bee paralysis virus (sbpv) of honeybees (apis mellifera). the sbpv genome is approximately 9.5 kb long and contains a single orf flanked by 5'- and 3'-utrs and a naturally polyadenylated 3' tail, with a genome organization typical of members of the family iflaviridae. the two strains, labelled 'rothamsted' and 'harpenden', are 83% identical at the nucleotide level (94% identical at the amino acid level), although this var ... | 2010 | 20519455 |
| pollination ecology of isoglossa woodii, a long-lived, synchronously monocarpic herb from coastal forests in south africa. | synchronous monocarpy in long-lived plants is often associated with pollination by wind, in part because infrequent mass flowering may satiate pollinators. selfing in synchronous monocarps may provide reproductive assurance but conflict with the benefits of outcrossing, a key evolutionary driver of synchrony. we predicted that animal-pollinated species with synchronous flowering would have unspecialised flowers and attract abundant generalised pollinators, but predictions for selfing and outcros ... | 2010 | 20522186 |
| industrial apiculture in the jordan valley during biblical times with anatolian honeybees. | although texts and wall paintings suggest that bees were kept in the ancient near east for the production of precious wax and honey, archaeological evidence for beekeeping has never been found. the biblical term "honey" commonly was interpreted as the sweet product of fruits, such as dates and figs. the recent discovery of unfired clay cylinders similar to traditional hives still used in the near east at the site of tel re ov in the jordan valley in northern israel suggests that a large-scale ap ... | 2010 | 20534519 |
| the conservation and restoration of wild bees. | bees pollinate most of the world's wild plant species and provide economically valuable pollination services to crops; yet knowledge of bee conservation biology lags far behind other taxa such as vertebrates and plants. there are few long-term data on bee populations, which makes their conservation status difficult to assess. the best-studied groups are the genus bombus (the bumble bees), and bees in the eu generally; both of these are clearly declining. however, it is not known to what extent t ... | 2010 | 20536823 |
| functional analysis of the honeybee (apis mellifera l.) salivary system using proteomics. | in insects, specific proteins and physiologically active molecules whose functions are related to their lifestyles are secreted from the salivary system. to investigate proteins/molecules related to the sociality of the european honeybee (apis mellifera l.), we performed a proteomic analysis of the honeybee salivary system. the honeybee salivary system comprises two secretory glands: the postcerebral gland (pcg) and the thoracic gland (tg), both of which are connected to a common duct that opens ... | 2010 | 20541526 |
| a fatty acyl-coa reductase highly expressed in the head of honey bee (apis mellifera) involves biosynthesis of a wide range of aliphatic fatty alcohols. | honey bees (apis mellifera) are social insects which have remarkable complexity in communication pheromones. these chemical signals comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons, wax esters, fatty acids, aldehydes and alcohols. in this study, we detected several long chain aliphatic alcohols ranging from c18-c32 in honey bees and the level of these alcohols varied in each body segment. c18:0alc and c20:0alc are more pronounced in the head, whereas c22:0alc to c32alc are abundant in the abdomen. one of the ... | 2010 | 20542116 |
| lethal infection thresholds of paenibacillus larvae for honeybee drone and worker larvae (apis mellifera). | we compared the mortality of honeybee (apis mellifera) drone and worker larvae from a single queen under controlled in vitro conditions following infection with paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium causing the brood disease american foulbrood (afb). we also determined absolute p. larvae cell numbers and lethal titres in deceased individuals of both sexes up to 8 days post infection using quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). our results show that in drones the onset of infection induced mortality is d ... | 2010 | 20545737 |
| proteome profile and lentiviral transduction of cultured honey bee (apis mellifera l.) cells. | honey bees (apis mellifera l.) play a vital role in agriculture as pollinators, and serve as model organisms of social behaviour and immunity. the lack of both immortalized cell lines and methods to introduce recombinant dna reliably into primary cells hinders cellular and molecular studies in this organism. we hereby demonstrate the expression of a gfp gene delivered by lentivirus transduction to cultured embryonic cells. the success of this approach indicates that viral transduction could be u ... | 2010 | 20546039 |
| ecological adaptation of diverse honey bee (apis mellifera) populations. | honey bees are complex eusocial insects that provide a critical contribution to human agricultural food production. their natural migration has selected for traits that increase fitness within geographical areas, but in parallel their domestication has selected for traits that enhance productivity and survival under local conditions. elucidating the biochemical mechanisms of these local adaptive processes is a key goal of evolutionary biology. proteomics provides tools unique among the major 'om ... | 2010 | 20559562 |
| decreased detoxification genes and genome size make the human body louse an efficient model to study xenobiotic metabolism. | the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, has one of the smallest insect genomes, containing ∼10 775 annotated genes. annotation of detoxification [cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), esterase (est) and atp-binding cassette transporter (abc transporter)] genes revealed that they are dramatically reduced in p. h. humanus compared to other insects except for apis mellifera. there are 37 p450, 13 gst and 17 est genes present in p. h. humanus, approximately ... | 2010 | 20561088 |
| allosteric block of kca2 channels by apamin. | activation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (k(ca)2) channels can regulate neuronal firing and synaptic plasticity. they are characterized by their high sensitivity to the bee venom toxin apamin, but the mechanism of block is not understood. for example, apamin binds to both k(ca)2.2 and k(ca)2.3 with the same high affinity (k(d) approximately 5 pm for both subtypes) but requires significantly higher concentrations to block functional current (ic(50) values of approximately 100 p ... | 2010 | 20562108 |
| comparative pollen preferences by africanized honeybees apis mellifera l. of two colonies in pará de minas, minas gerais, brazil. | the aim of this study was to investigate the polliniferous floral sources used by apis mellifera (l.) (africanized) in an apiary situated in pará de minas, minas gerais state, and evaluate the pollen prefences among the beehives. two beehives of langstroth type with frontal pollen trap collectors were used. the harvest was made from september 2007 to march 2008, with three samples of pollen pellets colected per month per beehive. the subsamples of 2 grams each were prepared according to the euro ... | 2010 | 20563410 |
| new nanostructured silica adjuvant (sba-15) employed to produce antivenom in young sheep using crotalus durissus terrificus and apis mellifera venoms detoxified by cobalt-60. | equine antivenom is considered the only treatment for animal-generated envenomations, but it is costly. the study aimed to produce apis mellifera (africanized honeybee) and crotalus durissus terrificus (c.d.t.) antivenoms using nanostructured silica (sba-15) as adjuvant and cobalt-60 ((60)co)-detoxified venoms utilizing young sheep. natural and (60)co-irradiated venoms were employed in four different hyperimmunization protocols. thus, 8 groups of 60- to 90-d-old sheep were hyperimmunized, enzyme ... | 2010 | 20563926 |
| weather during bloom affects pollination and yield of highbush blueberry. | weather plays an important role in spring-blooming fruit crops due to the combined effects on bee activity, flower opening, pollen germination, and fertilization. to determine the effects of weather on highbush blueberry, vaccinium corymbosum l., productivity, we monitored bee activity and compared fruit set, weight, and seed number in a field stocked with honey bees, apis mellifera l., and common eastern bumble bees, bombus impatiens (cresson). flowers were subjected to one of five treatments d ... | 2010 | 20568598 |
| genetic stock identification of russian honey bees. | a genetic stock certification assay was developed to distinguish russian honey bees from other european (apis mellifera l.) stocks that are commercially produced in the united states. in total, 11 microsatellite and five single-nucleotide polymorphism loci were used. loci were selected for relatively high levels of homogeneity within each group and for differences in allele frequencies between groups. a baseline sample consisted of the 18 lines of russian honey bees released to the russian bee b ... | 2010 | 20568639 |
| a multiplex pcr assay to diagnose and quantify nosema infections in honey bees (apis mellifera). | correct identification of the microsporidia, nosema apis and nosema ceranae, is key to the study and control of nosema disease of honey bees (apis mellifera). a rapid dna extraction method combined with multiplex pcr to amplify the 16s rrna gene with species-specific primers was compared with a previously published assay requiring spore-germination buffer and a dna extraction kit. when the spore germination-extraction kit method was used, 10 or more bees were required to detect the pathogens, wh ... | 2010 | 20570679 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of bee pollen ethanol extract from cistus sp. of spanish on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema. | bee pollen, a honeybee product, is the feed for honeybees prepared themselves by pollens collecting from plants and has been consumed as a perfect food in europe, because it is nutritionally well balanced. in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of bee pollen from cistus sp. of spanish origin by a method of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, and to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action and also to elucidate components involved in bee pollen extract ... | 2010 | 20573205 |
| determining the environmental factors underlying the spatial variability of insect appearance phenology for the honey bee, apis mellifera, and the small white, pieris rapae. | the spatial patterns of the variability of the appearance dates of the honey bee apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidea) and the small white pieris rapae (l.) (lepidoptera: pieridae) were investigated in spain. a database of more than 7,000 records of the dates of the first spring sightings of each species in more than 700 localities from 1952-2004 was used. phenological data were related to spatial, topographical, climate, land use, and vegetation productivity explanatory variables by means of ... | 2010 | 20578955 |
| biogeographic study of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) from serbia, bosnia and herzegovina and republic of macedonia based on mitochondrial dna analyses. | in this work, apis mellifera carnica and a. m. macedonica honey bees from serbia, bosnia and herzegovina and republic of macedonia were analysed using molecular techniques in order to improve our knowledge about biogeography of a. mellifera on the balkan peninsula. this is the first time that the indigenous honey bees from bosnia and herzegovina and republic of macedonia have been analyzed using a molecular approach. sampling was carried out from 560 stationary apiaries where bees were kept in t ... | 2010 | 20583605 |
| native pollen thieves reduce the reproductive success of a hermaphroditic plant, aloe maculata. | pollen is unique among floral rewards in functioning as both a carrier of gametes and an attractant and nutritious resource for floral visitors. animals that collect pollen without pollinating (pollen thieves) could reduce siring success of thieved plants and cause pollen limitation of seed set at the population level; however, such impacts on plant reproduction have not been demonstrated experimentally. to test these effects we added hives of native honey bees (apis mellifera scutellata) to pop ... | 2010 | 20583711 |
| early markers for protective mechanisms during rush venom immunotherapy. | allergen-specific venom immunotherapy (vit) represents the only rational-based option to treat allergic sensitizations against bee and wasp venom. so far, there is not much knowledge about early induction of protective and tolerogenic pathways during vit. | 2010 | 20584008 |
| identification of an ant queen pheromone regulating worker sterility. | the selective forces that shape and maintain eusocial societies are an enduring puzzle in evolutionary biology. ordinarily sterile workers can usually reproduce given the right conditions, so the factors regulating reproductive division of labour may provide insight into why eusociality has persisted over evolutionary time. queen-produced pheromones that affect worker reproduction have been implicated in diverse taxa, including ants, termites, wasps and possibly mole rats, but to date have only ... | 2010 | 20591861 |
| efficient silkworm expression of single-chain variable fragment antibody against ginsenoside re using bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid dna system and its application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quality control of total ginsenosides. | a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody against ginsenoside re (g-re) have been successfully expressed in the silkworm larvae using bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv) bacmid dna system. the baculovirus donor vector for expression of scfv against g-re (gre-scfv) was constructed to contain honeybee melittin signal sequence to accelerate secretion of the recombinant gre-scfv into the haemolymph of silkworm larvae. functional recombinant gre-scfv was purified by cation exchange chroma ... | 2010 | 20592135 |
| epigenomic communication systems in humans and honey bees: from molecules to behavior. | a 2010 nature editorial entitled "time for the epigenome" trumpets the appearance of the international human epigenome consortium and likens it to biology's equivalent of the large hadron collider. it strongly endorses the viewpoint that selective modifications of "marks" on dna and histones constitute the crucial codes of life, a proposition which is hotly contested (ptashne et al., in 2010). this proposition reflects the current mindset that dna and histone modifications are the prime movers i ... | 2011 | 20594964 |
| antiestrogenic and antigenotoxic activity of bee pollen from cystus incanus and salix alba as evaluated by the yeast estrogen screen and the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. | the estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity and the genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity of bee pollen from salix alba l. and cystus incanus l. and its derivative extracts in yeast and human cells was investigated. all samples showed a marked inhibitory effect on the activity of the natural estrogen 17 beta-estradiol (higher than 90% for extracts 2) and failed to cause estrogenic activity and chromosome damage. at least one preparation from each species showed a marked antigenotoxic effect against the actio ... | 2010 | 20598400 |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester-mediated nrf2 activation and ikappab kinase inhibition are involved in nfkappab inhibitory effect: structural analysis for nfkappab inhibition. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is an active component of propolis from honeybee. we investigated potential molecular mechanisms underlying cape-mediated nuclear factor kappa beta (nfkappab) inhibition and analyzed structure of cape for its biological effect. cape attenuated expression of nfkappab dependent luciferase stimulated with tnf-alpha or lps and suppressed lps-mediated induction of inos, a target gene product of nfkappab. in hct116 cells, cape interfered with tnf-alpha dependent ika ... | 2010 | 20599928 |
| infections of nosema ceranae in four different honeybee species. | the microsporidium nosema ceranae is detected in honeybees in thailand for the first time. this endoparasite has recently been reported to infect most apis mellifera honeybee colonies in europe, the us, and parts of asia, and is suspected to have displaced the endemic endoparasite species, nosema apis, from the western a. mellifera. we collected and identified species of microsporidia from the european honeybee (a. mellifera), the cavity nesting asian honeybee (apis cerana), the dwarf asian hone ... | 2010 | 20600087 |
| the occurrence of melissococcus plutonius in healthy colonies of apis mellifera and the efficacy of european foulbrood control measures. | european foulbrood (efb) persists in england and wales despite current treatment methods, all of which include feeding honey bee colonies with the antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc). a large-scale field experiment was conducted to monitor a husbandry-based method, using comb replacement (known as shook swarm), as a drug free efb control option. the understanding of efb epidemiology is limited, with little information on the presence of melissococcus plutonius in disease free colonies. additional s ... | 2010 | 20600088 |
| multiplex rt-pcr with broad-range primers and an exogenous internal amplification control for the detection of honeybee viruses in bumblebees. | bumblebees are commercially reared and transported worldwide mainly for pollination of greenhouse tomatoes. three honeybee viruses have been reported in bumblebees: acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and deformed wing virus. we developed a multiplex rt-pcr with primers designed on highly conserved regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase in order to detect a maximum range of viral variants. rearing facilities and governmental organizations can now thoroughly screen bumblebee colonie ... | 2010 | 20600092 |
| igg2 dominancy and carbohydrate recognition specificity of c3h/he mouse antibodies directed to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (ccds) bearing beta-(1,2)-xylose and alpha-(1,3)-fucose. | few common carbohydrate epitopes consisting of terminal beta-(1,2)-xylose and/or alpha-(1,3)-fucose residues are shared by a variety of glycoproteins from plants, insects and parasitic worms, termed cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (ccd), and frequently recognized by ige antibodies of patients with food and/or respiratory allergy, though clinical relevancy of such ccd-specific ige is still controversial. attention has also been focused on ccds from the undesired post-translational modific ... | 2010 | 20600324 |
| paenibacillus larvae enolase as a virulence factor in honeybee larvae infection. | paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, causative agent of american foulbrood (afb), a severe disease affecting larvae of the honeybee apis mellifera. in an attempt to detect potential virulence factors secreted by p. larvae, we identified an enolase among different secreted proteins. although this protein is a cytosolic enzyme involved in glycolytic pathways, it has been related to virulence. the aim of the present work was to evaluate its role during the infection of ho ... | 2011 | 20609532 |
| effective gene silencing in a microsporidian parasite associated with honeybee (apis mellifera) colony declines. | honeybee colonies are vulnerable to parasites and pathogens ranging from viruses to vertebrates. an increasingly prevalent disease of managed honeybees is caused by the microsporidian nosema ceranae. microsporidia are basal fungi and obligate parasites with much-reduced genomic and cellular components. a recent genome-sequencing effort for n. ceranae indicated the presence of machinery for rna silencing in this species, suggesting that rna interference (rnai) might be exploited to regulate nosem ... | 2010 | 20622131 |
| bioactivity of rosmarinus officinalis essential oils against apis mellifera, varroa destructor and paenibacillus larvae related to the drying treatment of the plant material. | in this study, chemical composition, physicochemical properties and bioactivity of two essential oils of rosmarinus officinalis extracted from plant material with different drying treatments against apis mellifera, varroa destructor and paenibacillus larvae were assessed. the lethal concentration 50 (lc50) for mites and bees was estimated using a complete exposure method test. the broth microdilution method was followed in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the es ... | 2011 | 20623426 |
| acute physiopathological effects of honeybee (apis mellifera) envenoming by subcutaneous route in a mouse model. | bee stings are a health concern in the americas, where fatal envenomings due to massive attacks by africanized honeybees have been documented in the last decades. most studies on the toxic effects of honeybee venom in experimental animals have been performed using the intravenous or intraperitoneal injection routes. the aim of this study was to develop a mouse model that would better resemble a massive honeybee attack by using the subcutaneous (s.c.) route to induce a severe, sublethal systemic ... | 2010 | 20638400 |
| shift work has a genetic basis in honeybee pollen foragers (apis mellifera l.). | division of labour is a fundamental property of any social system. the specialization of different individuals in different tasks increases the overall work performance and efficiency. specialization is thought to be the very foundation of the success of human societies but also in complex colonies of social insects. in human societies an advanced form of division of labour, especially since the industrialisation, is shift work, where individuals perform the same task but in subsequent cohorts i ... | 2011 | 20640499 |
| in vivo activity assessment of a "honey-bee pollen mix" formulation. | honey-bee pollen mix (hbm) formulation is claimed to be effective for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, cancers, peptic ulcers, colitis, various types of infections including hepatitis b, and rheumatism by the herb dealers in northeast turkey. in the present study, in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of pure honey and hbm formulation were evaluated comparatively. hbm did not show any significant gastroprotective activity in a single administrat ... | 2010 | 20645809 |
| human group iii pla2 as a drug target: structural analysis and inhibitor binding studies. | group iii phospholipase a(2) is a known mediator of inflammation, atherosclerosis and cancer in mammals. this enzyme, therefore, is a potential drug target. the availability of the human group iii phospholipase a(2) (hiiipla(2)) amino acid sequence offers an opportunity to study its structural features by modeling. the monomeric hiii pla(2) model is based on the 44% identity it has with the bee venom pla(2), the only known representative structure of this group. the overall structure comprises o ... | 2010 | 20654644 |
| chemical or surgical sympathectomy prevents mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of bee venom in rats. | sympathetic postganglionic neurons play an important role in pathological pain. this study was designed to investigate the role of sympathetic postganglionic neurons in inflammatory pain induced by bee venom (bv). the effects of chemical (with guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine) or surgical sympathectomy on bv-induced spontaneous foot lifting, mechanical hyperalgesia, and edema were observed. the results showed that surgical or chemical sympathectomy significantly attenuated an increase in paw vo ... | 2010 | 20659438 |