| characterisation of the urease gene cluster in bordetella bronchiseptica. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a common ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. the urease operon of this organism is encoded within an 8.9 kb dna fragment which contains the structural genes (urea, ureb and urec) and accessory genes (ured and ureg) homologous to other urease genes. uniquely, the uree and uref genes are fused to form a hybrid protein, ureef, which may result in tighter coordination of the putative functions of the individual accessory genes, nickel donation to the urease active ... | 1998 | 9524276 |
| group specific antibodies against the putative amp-binding domain signature sgttgxpkg in peptide synthetases and related enzymes. | the superfamily of adenylate forming enzymes including peptide synthetases, acyl-coa synthetases and insect luciferases is readily identified by the signature sequence sgttgxpkg. this sequence including an invariant lysyl residue is located in a disordered loop region and was predicted to be of significant antigenicity. antibodies were generated employing ytsgttgrpkgc attached to bovine serum albumin and have been successfully used to identify respective enzymes and adenylate forming domains in ... | 1998 | 9530507 |
| development of a direct in situ pcr method for detection of specific bacteria in natural environments. | we applied hnpp (2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid-2'-phenylanilide phosphate) to direct in situ pcr for the routine detection of specific bacterial cells at the single-cell level. pcr was performed on glass slides with digoxigenin-labeled dutp. the digoxigenin-labeled pcr products were detected with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antidigoxigenin antibody and hnpp which was combined with fast red tr. a bright red fluorescent signal was produced from conversion to hnp (dephosphorylated form) by alkaline p ... | 1998 | 9546190 |
| multiple beta-ketothiolases mediate poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer synthesis in ralstonia eutropha. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are a class of carbon and energy storage polymers produced by numerous bacteria in response to environmental limitation. the type of polymer produced depends on the carbon sources available, the flexibility of the organism's intermediary metabolism, and the substrate specificity of the pha biosynthetic enzymes. ralstonia eutropha produces both the homopolymer poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and, when provided with the appropriate substrate, the copolymer poly(beta-hy ... | 1998 | 9555876 |
| the tfdk gene product facilitates uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate by ralstonia eutropha jmp134(pjp4). | uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) by ralstonia eutropha jmp134(pjp4) was studied and shown to be an energy-dependent process. the uptake system was inducible with 2,4-d and followed saturation kinetics in a concentration range of up to 60 microm, implying the involvement of a protein in the transport process. we identified an open reading frame on plasmid pjp4, which was designated tfdk, whose translation product tfdk was highly hydrophobic and showed resemblance to transport proteins ... | 1998 | 9555911 |
| is1491 from pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867: characterization and distribution among pseudomonas species. | a new insertion sequence, is1491, has been cloned and sequenced. the 2489-bp is1491 was isolated from a pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867 (strain p25x) 4.8-kb psti chromosomal fragment. is1491 is flanked by an imperfect inverted repeat of 23 bp and carries two overlapping open reading frames, orf1 and orf2. both orf1 and orf2 displayed homology to the ista-like and istb-like transposases encoded by the is21 family of insertion sequences, which include two is elements previously isolated from p. ... | 1998 | 9571135 |
| cloning of genes specifically expressed in rice embryogenic cells. | we have examined differences in gene expression pattern between embryogenic callus (ec) and nonembryogenic callus (nec) derived from mature seed embryo of rice (oryza sativa l. cv donggin). three ec-specific transcripts were identified by differential display of amplified cdnas. specific expression of two partial cdnas, designated as rec1 and rec2, respectively, was confirmed by a northern blot analysis. partial nucleotide sequence of the clone rec1 showed no homology with any known genes, but p ... | 1998 | 9571633 |
| structures of homologous composite transposons carrying cbaabc genes from europe and north america. | is1071 is a class ii transposable element carrying a tnpa gene related to the transposase genes of the tn3 family. copies of is1071 that are conserved with more than 99% nucleotide sequence identity have been found as direct repeats flanking a remarkable variety of catabolic gene sequences worldwide. the sequences of chlorobenzoate catabolic transposons found on pbrc60 (tn5271) in niagara falls, n.y., and on pcpe3 in bologna, italy, show that these transposons were formed from highly homologous ... | 1998 | 9572977 |
| achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies. | we report nine cases of achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia diagnosed in patients with hematologic malignancies. there was not an obvious epidemiologic link between cases and the organism was not isolated from any source. outcome was cure in all nine cases. in our experience, catheter removal is generally required for eradication of a. xylosoxidans. | 1998 | 9573685 |
| in vitro biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by using purified poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthase of chromatium vinosum. | purified recombinant poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) (pha) synthase from chromatium vinosum (phaeccv) was used to examine in vitro the specific synthase activity, turnover of r-(-)-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme a (3hb-coa) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) formation under various conditions. the 3hb-coa consumption was terminated by a reaction-dependent inactivation of the pha synthase. salts (mgcl2, cacl2, nacl), proteins (bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, phasine) or detergent (tween 20) increased the 3hb- ... | 1998 | 9581289 |
| efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from plant oils by alcaligenes eutrophus and its recombinant strain. | the ability of alcaligenes eutrophus to grow and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) on plant oils was evaluated. when olive oil, corn oil, or palm oil was fed as a sole carbon source, the wild-type strain of a. eutrophus grew well and accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer up to approximately 80% (w/w) of the cell dry weight during its stationary growth phase. in addition, a recombinant strain of a. eutrophus phb-4 (a pha-negative mutant), harboring a pha synthase gene from aeromonas c ... | 1998 | 9581296 |
| a pseudoepidemic of alcaligenes xylosoxidans attributable to contaminated saline. | alcaligenes xylosoxidans is an uncommon but serious cause of nosocomial epidemics. this report describes a cluster of two patients who underwent revision of hip arthroplasties and one patient who had a lumbar puncture. cultures obtained during all three procedures showed a. xylosoxidans with similar antibiotic sensitivity patterns. an investigation found that saline used to process these specimens was contaminated with this organism. | 1998 | 9584810 |
| the adsorption of substrate-binding domain of phb depolymerases to the surface of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid). | the binding characteristic of phb depolymerase has been studied by using glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins with substrate-binding domain of three bacterial phb depolymerases, alcaligenes faecalis, comamonas acidovorans and comamonas testosteroni. analysis using immuno-gold labeling technique and transmission electron microscopy indicated that a novel gst fusion protein derived from a. faecalis enzyme adsorbed to the surface of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (p(3hb)) single crystals li ... | 1998 | 9585889 |
| structure of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene from alcaligenes eutrophus 335. | catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23o), one of extradiol-type dioxygenases cleaving aromatic c-c bond at meta position of dihydroxylated aromatic substrates, catalyzes the conversion of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. as our ongoing study to characterize biochemical and genetic properties of the extradiol-type dioxygenases at molecular level, a c23o gene encoded in chromosomal dna of alcaligenes eutrophus 335, a strain degrading phenol and p-cresol, was cloned. the c23o gene was localized in ... | 1998 | 9588193 |
| genetic structure of the bphg gene encoding 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase of achromobacter xylosoxidans kf701. | 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (hms) to an enol form of 4-oxalocrotonate which is a step in the catechol meta-cleavage pathway. a bphg gene encoding hms dehydrogenase of a. xylosoxidans kf701, a soil bacterium degrading biphenyl, was identified at between catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene and hms hydrolase gene, and its sequence was analyzed. an open reading frame (orf) corresponding to bphg gene was consisted of 1461 nucleotides ... | 1998 | 9600061 |
| [identification of pseudomonas stutzeri with the nefermtest, neferm test 24 and api 20ne commercial test kits]. | a total of 35 strains of pseudomonas stutzeri were tested by commercial diagnostic kits nefermtest, nefermtest 24 (both lachema co., brno, czech republic) and api 20ne (biomérieus sa, rcs lyon, france). the best identification efficacy was achieved by means of the commercial api 20ne (97.1%). only 60% strains were correctly identified by means of nefermtest. nefermtest 24 improved successful identification (80%). most misidentified strains were identified as alcaligenes denitrificans and al. xyl ... | 1998 | 9611890 |
| transcriptional regulation of alcaligenes eutrophus hydrogenase genes. | alcaligenes eutrophus h16 produces a soluble hydrogenase (sh) and a membrane-bound hydrogenase (mbh) which catalyze the oxidation of h2, supplying the organism with energy for autotrophic growth. the promoters of the structural genes for the sh and the mbh, psh and pmbh, respectively, were identified by means of the primer extension technique. both promoters were active in vivo under hydrogenase-derepressing conditions but directed only low levels of transcription under condition which repressed ... | 1998 | 9620971 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the poly (3-hydroxyalkanoic acid)-synthesis genes of pseudomonas acidophila. | pseudomonas acidophila can grow with co2 as a sole carbon source by the possession of a recombinant plasmid that clones genes that confer chemolithoautotrophic growth ability derived from the h2-oxidizing bacterium alcaligenes hydrogenophilus. h2-oxidizing bacteria produce poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (phb) from co2, but recombinant p. acidophila can produce the more useful biopolymer poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) (pha). in this study, the pha genes of p. acidophila were cloned and a sequence anal ... | 1998 | 9627389 |
| accumulation of biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxy-butyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate in alcaligenes eutrophus. | biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3hb-3hv) were produced by alcaligenes eutrophus in a two-staged process, namely growth stage and nitrogen-deficient polyester-accumulation stage. when c5 was used as the sole carbon source, the copolyester contained 43 mol % of 3hv. a range of copolyesters with 0-43 mol % of 3hv could be produced by using a medium containing different concentration ratios of butyric acid c4 and c5. tm of phb homopolymer was 177.6 degrees c and ... | 1998 | 9627404 |
| persistent airway colonization with alcaligenes xylosoxidans in two brothers with cystic fibrosis. | | 1998 | 9629983 |
| bacterial-fungal biofilms in flowing water photo-processing tanks. | a complex seven species model community, including bacteria and fungi, was selected from organisms isolated from the walls of an industrial flowing water system. growth rates of the species were determined in single and mixed batch culture growth. the rates were found to be significantly higher in mixed culture for pseudomonas alcaligenes and flavobacterium indologenes and higher in single culture for xanthomonas maltophilia, rhodotorula glutinis and fusarium solani, whereas no significant diffe ... | 1998 | 9633659 |
| the isolation of pseudomonas and other gram(-) psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milks. | in this research, totally 200 raw milk samples in different areas of ankara were collected from various dairy plant. the isolated psychotrophic bacteria from the raw milk samples are the species of pseudomonas spp., acinetobacter spp., alcaligenes and aeromonas. isolation of pseudomonas and other gram(-) psychrotrophic bacteria types are determined as p. aeruginosa 11 (5.5%), p. putida 11 (5.5%), p. fluorescens biotype i 10 (5.0%), p. fluorescens biotype ii 4 (2.0%), p. fluorescens biotype iii 6 ... | 1998 | 9637013 |
| the covalent structure of the blue copper-containing nitrite reductase from achromobacter xylosoxidans. | the complete amino acid sequence of the blue copper-containing nitrite reductase enzyme (nir) from achromobacter xylosoxidans has been determined by chemical analysis, supported by high precision mass analysis. the polypeptide chain contains 336 residues with an overall charge of 0, including the +2 state of each of the copper ions. the two nir enzymes for which the three-dimensional structures have been solved are green in color and have different absorption spectra than those of the blue-color ... | 1998 | 9647763 |
| cloning of a sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 gene encoding a novel oxygenase that cleaves lignin-related biphenyl and characterization of the enzyme. | sphingomonas paucimobilis syk-6 transforms 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (ddva), a lignin-related biphenyl compound, to 5-carboxyvanillic acid via 2,2',3-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (oh-ddva) as an intermediate (15). the ring fission of oh-ddva is an essential step in the ddva degradative pathway. a 15-kb ecori fragment isolated from the cosmid library complemented the growth deficiency of a mutant on oh-ddva. subcloning and deletion analysis showed that a ... | 1998 | 9647824 |
| aerobic mineralization of 2,6-dichlorophenol by ralstonia sp. strain rk1. | a new aerobic bacterium was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater pond close to a contaminated site at amponville (france). it was enriched in a fixed-bed reactor fed with 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-dcp)as the sole carbon and energy source at ph 7.5 and room temperature. the degradation of 2,6-dcp followed monod kinetics at low initial concentrations. at concentrations above 300 microm (50 mg.liter-1), 2,6-dcp increasingly inhibited its own degradation. the base sequence of the 16s ribosomal d ... | 1998 | 9647831 |
| development of a lipase fermentation process that uses a recombinant pseudomonas alcaligenes strain. | pseudomonas alcaligenes m-1 secretes an alkaline lipase, which has excellent characteristics for the removal of fatty stains under modern washing conditions. a fed-batch fermentation process based on the secretion of the alkaline lipase from p. alcaligenes was developed. due to the inability of p. alcaligenes to grow on glucose, citric acid and soybean oil were applied as substrates in the batch phase and feed phase, respectively. the gene encoding the high-alkaline lipase from p. alcaligenes wa ... | 1998 | 9647843 |
| intergeneric transfer of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids harbored by escherichia coli in the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola). | the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida provides a habitat for a high density of bacterial cells (t. thimm, a. hoffmann, h. borkott, j. c. munch, and c. c. tebbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:2660-2669, 1998). we investigated whether these gut bacteria act as recipients for plasmids from escherichia coli. filter mating with e. coli donor cells and collected feces of f. candida revealed that the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid prp4-luc (prp4 with a luciferase marker gene) transfe ... | 1998 | 9647844 |
| the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola) is a frequently changeable but selective habitat and a vector for microorganisms. | interaction potentials between soil microarthropods and microorganisms were investigated with folsomia candida (insecta, collembola) in microcosm laboratory experiments. microscopic analysis revealed that the volumes of the simple, rod-shaped guts of adult specimens varied with their feeding activity, from 0.7 to 11.2 nl. a dense layer of bacterial cells, associated with the peritrophic membrane, was detected in the midgut by scanning electron microscopy. depending on the molting stage, which oc ... | 1998 | 9647845 |
| bioenergetics of marine bacteria. | some marine bacteria have a special energy-transducing mechanism that is different from those found in escherichia coli or most of the freshwater and terrestrial bacteria. these marine bacteria specifically require na+ for their growth and utilize a na+ circuit for various cellular functions. so far, three types of primary na+ pump have been identified (i.e. respiration-dependent, decarboxylase-driven and na+ atp synthase). among them, the first type of na+ pump plays the major role in the marin ... | 1998 | 9650273 |
| identification of the rhizobium meliloti alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adha) and heterologous expression in alcaligenes eutrophus. | a screen for rhizobium meliloti genes which improve the growth of alcaligenes eutrophus on sucrose identified the first alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adha) isolated from the rhizobiaceae. r. meliloti adha is constitutively expressed in a. eutrophus and has alcohol dehydrogenase activity. r. meliloti adha mutants retain some alcohol dehydrogenase activity. | 1998 | 9659380 |
| microbiology of sputum from patients at cystic fibrosis centers in the united states. | during a phase iii national collaborative study of aerosolized tobramycin (1 july 1995 through 30 september 1996), the microbiology of specimens from 595 patients at 69 cystic fibrosis (cf) centers was examined. samples from three screening visits were processed in a single laboratory by means of standardized techniques for identification and susceptibility testing. from 1,753 pretreatment specimens, 5,128 pathogens were isolated (average, 2.9/specimen). of the 3,936 pseudomonas aeruginosa isola ... | 1998 | 9675470 |
| the extracytoplasmic function sigma factors: role and regulation. | alternative sigma factors provide a means of regulating gene expression in response to various extracellular changes. one such class of sigma factors appears to control a variety of functions, including expression of heat-shock genes in escherichia coli, biosynthesis of alginates and carotenoids in pseudomonas aeruginosa and myxococcus xanthus, respectively, iron uptake in e. coli and pseudomonas spp., nickel and cobalt efflux in alcaligenes europhus, plant pathogenicity in pseudomonas syringae ... | 1998 | 9680198 |
| synechocystis sp. pcc6803 possesses a two-component polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase similar to that of anoxygenic purple sulfur bacteria. | during cultivation under storage conditions with bg11 medium containing acetate as a carbon source, synechocystis sp. pcc6803 accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) up to 10% (w/w) of the cell dry weight. our analysis of the complete synechocystis sp. pcc6803 genome sequence, which had recently become available, revealed that not only the open reading frame slr1830 (which was designated as phac) but also the open reading frame slr1829, which is located colinear and upstream of phac, most probably r ... | 1998 | 9683655 |
| bacteriolytic activity and specificity of achromobacter beta-lytic protease. | achromobacter beta-lytic protease (blp), one of the bacteriolytic proteases secreted by achromobacter lyticus, exhibited both peptidase and bacteriolytic activities at alkaline ph. the protease was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, and one zinc atom was detected in the molecule by ion-spray mass spectrometry. the zinc-protease specifically cleaved gly-x bonds in peptides and possibly possessed subsites s2, s1, s1', and s2' for binding substrate [schecter, i. and berger, a. (1967) bioche ... | 1998 | 9685723 |
| immunoelectron microscopic studies indicate the existence of a cell shape preserving cytoskeleton in prokaryotes. | immunoelectron microscopic studies of prokaryotes were performed with anti-actin antibodies directed against the c terminus of actin. studies on ultrathin sections revealed high proportions of the overall label close to the cell periphery in escherichia coli, ralstonia eutropha, thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes, t. thermosaccharolyticum, and methanococcus jannaschii. substantial label also in the cytoplasm was observed in bacillus sp., methanococcus voltae, and methanobacterium thermoaut ... | 1998 | 9686396 |
| microcosm enrichment of biphenyl-degrading microbial communities from soils and sediments. | a microcosm enrichment approach was employed to isolate bacteria which are representative of long-term biphenyl-adapted microbial communities. growth of microorganisms was stimulated by incubating soil and sediment samples from polluted and nonpolluted sites with biphenyl crystals. after 6 months, stable population densities between 8 x 10(9) and 2 x 10(11) cfu/ml were established in the microcosms, and a large percentage of the organisms were able to grow on biphenyl-containing minimal medium p ... | 1998 | 9687466 |
| emendation of genus achromobacter and achromobacter xylosoxidans (yabuuchi and yano) and proposal of achromobacter ruhlandii (packer and vishniac) comb. nov., achromobacter piechaudii (kiredjian et al.) comb. nov., and achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (rüger and tan) comb. nov. | based on the results of gc content determination and 16s rrna sequence analysis among the type strains of achromobacter xylosoxidans, 4 alcaligenes species, 5 bordetella species, and 12 species of 4 other genera, the separation of genus achromobacter yabuuchi and yano 1981, with the type species achromobacter xylosoxidans, is confirmed. alcaligenes ruhlandii (packer and vishniac) aragno and schlegel 1992 is a distinct species and not a senior synonym of achromobacter xylosoxidans. alcaligenes ru ... | 1998 | 9688077 |
| [case report: subcutaneous abscess and thoracic empyema caused by alcaligenes xylosoxidans]. | alcaligenes xylosoxidans is a glucose-nonfermentative gram-negative rod which usually exists in the environment. this organism while causing pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis and urinary tract infection in the compromised host, rarely causes thoracic empyema. we report a case of thoracic empyema and subcutaneous abscess due to a. xylosoxidans. a 74-year-old male, who had undergone right total pneumonectomy for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis a year ago, was admitted to our hospital becau ... | 1998 | 9695474 |
| phenol hydroxylase cloned from ralstonia eutropha strain e2 exhibits novel kinetic properties. | ralstonia eutropha strain e2 (previously alcaligenes sp.) is a phenol-degrading bacterium expressing phenol-oxygenating activity with a low ks (the apparent half-saturation constant in haldane's equation) and an extremely high ksi (the apparent inhibition constant). to identify the molecular basis for these novel cellular kinetic properties, a 9.5 kb dna fragment that allowed pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1c (phl- cat+) to grow on phenol as the sole carbon source was cloned from strain e2 into plasm ... | 1998 | 9695910 |
| alcaligenes defragrans sp. nov., description of four strains isolated on alkenoic monoterpenes ((+)-menthene, alpha-pinene, 2-carene, and alpha-phellandrene) and nitrate. | four pseudomonad strains 51men, 54pin, 62car and 65phen were recently isolated on the monoterpenes (+)-menthene, alpha-pinene, 2-carene and alpha-phellandrene as sole carbon source and nitrate as electron acceptor. these bacteria were characterised. the motile, mesophilic, gram-negative rods had a strictly respiratory metabolism. monoterpenes as carbon sources were completely mineralised to carbon dioxide. the physiology of all strains was very similar, but displayed an individual utilisation pr ... | 1998 | 9704110 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2. | cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ... | 1998 | 9705403 |
| rrna-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of bacterial community structure in river water. | an improved in situ hybridization technique, hnpp-fish, using 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid 2'-phenylanilide phosphate (hnpp) and fast red tr was applied to analyse the community structure of planktonic bacteria in river water. oligonucleotide probes specific for the domain bacteria (eub338) and five bacterial groups [flavobacterium-cytophaga; burkholderia-pseudomonas (rrna iii)-authentic alcaligenes; vibrio-aeromonas; pseudomonas (rrna i): the genus acinetobacter] were used to investigate the bact ... | 1998 | 9720029 |
| poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from whey by high-density cultivation of recombinant escherichia coli. | recombinant escherichia coli strain gcsc 6576, harboring a high-copy-number plasmid containing the ralstonia eutropha genes for polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthesis and the e. coli ftsz gene, was employed to produce poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) from whey, ph-stat fed-batch fermentation, using whey powder as the nutrient feed, produced cellular dry weight and phb concentrations of 109 g l-1 and 50 g l-1 respectively in 47 h. when concentrated whey solution containing 210 g l-1 lactose was used ... | 1998 | 9720197 |
| the nos (nitrous oxide reductase) gene cluster from the soil bacterium achromobacter cycloclastes: cloning, sequence analysis, and expression. | the nitrous oxide (n2o) reductase (nos) gene cluster from achromobacter cycloclastes has been cloned and sequenced. seven protein coding regions corresponding to nosr, nosz (structural n2o reductase gene), nosd, nosf, nosy, nosl, and nosx are detected, indicating a genetic organization similar to that of rhizobium meliloti. to aid homology studies, nosr from r. meliloti has also been sequenced. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with corresponding sequences from other organisms has a ... | 1998 | 9720302 |
| genetic analysis of comamonas acidovorans polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and factors affecting the incorporation of 4-hydroxybutyrate monomer. | the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase gene of comamonas acidovorans ds-17 (phacca) was cloned by using the synthase gene of alcaligenes eutrophus as a heterologous hybridization probe. complete sequencing of a 4.0-kbp smai-hindiii (sh40) subfragment revealed the presence of a 1,893-bp pha synthase coding region which was followed by a 1,182-bp beta-ketothiolase gene (phaaca). both the translated products of these genes showed significant identity, 51.1 and 74.2%, respectively, to the primary s ... | 1998 | 9726894 |
| epidemiological typing of alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans by antibacterial susceptibility testing, fatty acid analysis, page of whole-cell protein and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | antibacterial susceptibility testing, fatty acid analysis, protein analysis and dna analysis of alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans were compared to determine the efficiency of the methods available for strain typing. thirty isolates were investigated: 20 clinical isolates from a nonsocomial outbreak in essen (germany), 9 clinical isolates from sporadic nosocomial cases in paris (france) and reference strain atcc 2402. the highest microbiological discriminative power was exhibited by pu ... | 1998 | 9728414 |
| change in bacterial community during biodegradation of aniline. | the response of river water microbial communities to chemical compounds was monitored under laboratory conditions using aniline as a model. bacteria were collected from unpolluted and polluted sites. bacterial abundance (plate and total direct counting) and its relation to aniline biodegradation was examined. colony hybridization with 16s rrna oligonucleotide probes was used to study the changes in microbial community structure during biodegradation of aniline. the changes in bacterial abundance ... | 1998 | 9729107 |
| peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by alcaligenes xylosoxidans. | despite significant progress to decrease its incidence, peritonitis remains the main source of morbidity and treatment failure in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). the majority of cases of peritonitis result from infection with aerobic gram-positive (staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus), or gram-negative organisms. less common organisms that are also reported include anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria, which collectively account for less than ... | 1998 | 9730575 |
| the phbc (poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate synthase) gene of rhizobium (sinorhizobium) meliloti and characterization of phbc mutants. | defined insertion mutations have been constructed in the rhizobium (sinorhizobium) meliloti phbc gene, which encodes poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) synthase. the locus was isolated and subcloned from a genomic library of r. meliloti rm1021 by complementation of phbc mutation of alcaligenes eutrophus. phb production was detected in wild-type r. meliloti under nutrient-limited conditions but not in rich medium. no phb production was detected in the r. meliloti phbc mutants. the dna sequence of th ... | 1998 | 9734305 |
| x-ray structure of a blue-copper nitrite reductase in two crystal forms. the nature of the copper sites, mode of substrate binding and recognition by redox partner. | denitrification is one of the main steps of the global nitrogen cycle that is sustained by prokaryotic organisms. denitrifying bacteria use two entirely different enzymes in this process, one based on haem cd1 prosthetic groups and the other on type 1-type 2 cu centres. copper-containing nitrite reductases (nirs) are sub-divided into blue and green nirs, which are respectively thought to be redox partners of azurins and pseudo-azurins. crystallographic structures of the blue nitrite reductase fr ... | 1998 | 9735294 |
| tn5563, a transposon encoding putative mercuric ion transport proteins located on plasmid pra2 of pseudomonas alcaligenes. | sequence analysis of pra2, an endogenous 33-kb plasmid from pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867 (strain p25x), revealed the presence of a 6256-bp transposon of the tn3 family, designated tn5563. tn5563, which is flanked by two 39-bp inverted repeats, encodes a transposase, a resolvase, and two open reading frames which share amino acid sequence similarities with the mercuric ion transport proteins mert and merp encoded by several mer operons. however, no other mer operon genes were found on tn5563 ... | 1998 | 9742696 |
| degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by a specialized organism and by indigenous soil microflora: bioaugmentation and self-remediability for soil restoration. | a selected mixed culture and a strain of alcaligenes eutrophus tcp were able to totally degrade 2,4,6,-tcp with stoichiometric release of cl-. in cultures of alc. eutrophus tcp, a dioxygenated dichlorinated metabolite was detected after 48 h of incubation. experiments conducted with soil microcosms gave evidence that: the degradative process had a biotic nature and was accompanied by microbial growth; the soil used presented an intrinsic degradative capacity versus 2,4,6-tcp; the specialized org ... | 1998 | 9750329 |
| [evaluation of antibacterial activities of various antibiotics against glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods other than pseudomonas aeruginosa]. | mics of piperacillin, sulbactam/cefoperazone, minocycline (mino), gentamicin, amikacin, flomoxef, ceftazidime, cefozopran, cefsulodin and imipenem were determined, against 189 clinical isolated strains of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods (nfgnr; acinetobacter baumannii (44), alcaligenes faecalis (5), alcaligenes xylosoxidans (25), burkholderia cepacia (12), chryseobacterium indologenes (23), chryseobacterium meningosepticum (9), pseudomonas fluorescens (8), pseudomonas putida (12), st ... | 1998 | 9755431 |
| novel membrane bioreactor with gas/liquid two-phase flow for high-performance degradation of phenol. | the use of a membrane bioreactor with cell retention to achieve high biomass concentrations has been examined for phenol degradation by the bacteria alcaligenes eutrophus. this process is particularly interesting for toxic substrates as the hydraulic dilution rate and the growth rate are independently controlled. in the case of a transitory excess of phenol, this potentially toxic situation can be overcome by modifying the substrate concentration or the dilution rate without any loss of cells. t ... | 1998 | 9758656 |
| development of pcr primer systems for amplification of nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) to detect denitrifying bacteria in environmental samples. | a system was developed for the detection of denitrifying bacteria by the amplification of specific nitrite reductase gene fragments with pcr. primer sequences were found for the amplification of fragments from both nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) after comparative sequence analysis. whenever amplification was tried with these primers, the known nir type of denitrifying laboratory cultures could be confirmed. likewise, the method allowed a determination of the nir type of five laboratory ... | 1998 | 9758798 |
| evidence for interspecies gene transfer in the evolution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degraders. | small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) from 20 phenotypically distinct strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria was partially sequenced, yielding 18 unique strains belonging to members of the alpha, beta, and gamma subgroups of the class proteobacteria. to understand the origin of 2,4-d degradation in this diverse collection, the first gene in the 2,4-d pathway, tfda, was sequenced. the sequences fell into three unique classes found in various members of the beta and ... | 1998 | 9758850 |
| crystallographic study of azurin from pseudomonas putida. | azurin from pseudomonas putida is a blue copper protein which functions as an electron carrier. two crystal forms of azurin were grown, one in the presence and the other in the absence of zinc acetate; each belongs to space group p21 and contains two molecules per asymmetric unit. the zinc-free crystals have cell dimensions a = 43.25, b = 50.65, c = 54.60 a, beta = 107.79 degrees, while the crystals grown from zinc-containing solution have cell dimensions a = 40.76, b = 51.22, c = 54.96 a, beta ... | 1998 | 9761890 |
| structure of azurin i from the denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes xylosoxidans ncimb 11015 at 2.45 a resolution. | azurin i from alcaligenes xylosoxidans ncimb 11015 (azn-i) was crystallized by using peg 4000 as a precipitant. the crystals belong to the monoclinic crystal system and have a space group c2 with the unit-cell parameters of a = 130.67, b = 54.26, c = 74.55 a, and beta = 95.99 degrees. the structure of azn-i has been solved by the molecular replacement method. azurin ii from the same bacterium (azn-ii) was chosen as the initial structural model. the final crystallographic r value is 17.3% and fre ... | 1998 | 9761902 |
| the use of an alcaligenes eutrophus biofilm in a membrane bioreactor for heavy metal recovery. | | 1997 | 9765835 |
| bacterial metal-lux biosensors for a rapid determination of the heavy metal bioavailability and toxicity in solid samples. | | 1997 | 9765839 |
| alcaligenes eutrophus as a model system for bacterial interactions with heavy metals in the environment. | | 1997 | 9765840 |
| the periplasmic nitrate reductase of escherichia coli--a comparison with the nap systems of other bacteria. | | 1998 | 9765936 |
| a novel multicomponent regulatory system mediates h2 sensing in alcaligenes eutrophus. | oxidation of molecular hydrogen catalyzed by [nife] hydrogenases is a widespread mechanism of energy generation among prokaryotes. biosynthesis of the h2-oxidizing enzymes is a complex process subject to positive control by h2 and negative control by organic energy sources. in this report we describe a novel signal transduction system regulating hydrogenase gene (hox) expression in the proteobacterium alcaligenes eutrophus. this multicomponent system consists of the proteins hoxb, hoxc, hoxj*, a ... | 1998 | 9770510 |
| [characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene fragment from mung bean vigna radiata using the polymerase chain reaction]. | two degenerate oligonucleotide sequence primers and polymerase chain reactions on total dna have been utilized to clone on 651--bp gene fragment coding the central part of amino acid sequence of an earlier unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from mung bean. the deduced partial amino acid sequence for this aldehyde dehydrogenase shows about 65% sequence identity to aldhs of vibrio cholerae rhodococcus sp., alcaligenes eutrophus and about 45% sequence identity to mammalian aldhs 1 and 2, aldhs o ... | 1998 | 9778740 |
| the intramolecular electron transfer between copper sites of nitrite reductase: a comparison with ascorbate oxidase. | the intramolecular electron transfer (et) between the type 1 cu(i) and the type 2 cu(ii) sites of alcaligenes xylosoxidans dissimilatory nitrite reductase (axnir) has been studied in order to compare it with the analogous process taking place in ascorbate oxidase (ao). this internal process is induced following reduction of the type 1 cu(ii) by radicals produced by pulse radiolysis. the reversible et reaction proceeds with a rate constant ket = k(1-->2) + k(2-->1) of 450 +/- 30 s(-1) at ph 7.0 a ... | 1998 | 9781686 |
| the c-terminal segment is essential for maintaining the quaternary structure and enzyme activity of the nitric oxide forming nitrite reductase from achromobacter cycloclastes. | we have constructed and expressed a series of mutated nitrite reductase (nir) mutants based on the sequence of nir from achromobacter cycloclastes. deleting a pentapeptide, an undecapeptide, or a heptadecapeptide from the c-terminus of nir resulted in a series of c-terminal deletion mutated proteins designated as nir-5, nir-11, and nir-17, respectively. a c-terminally extended mutated protein, nir+8, was also produced, which contains an extra octapeptide attached to the c-terminus of the wild-ty ... | 1998 | 9784423 |
| type 1 cu structure of blue nitrite reductase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu 1051 at 2.05 a resolution: comparison of blue and green nitrite reductases. | the crystal structure of the blue nitrite reductase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu 1051 (axgnir) has been determined at 2.05 a resolution. axgnir contains both type 1 and 2 cu sites, the geometry of the former being distorted tetrahedral. the superpositioning of the type 1 cu sites in the blue enzyme and a green nitrite reductase revealed that the orientation of the met150 side chain differed. the deviation of the sdelta(met150) atom from the axial position of the nns plane formed by two nde ... | 1998 | 9792907 |
| duplication of hyp genes involved in maturation of [nife] hydrogenases in alcaligenes eutrophus h16. | alcaligenes eutrophus h16 harbors seven hyp genes (hypa, b, f, c, d, e, and x) as part of the hydrogenase gene cluster on megaplasmid phg1. here we demonstrate that three of the hyp genes (hypa, b, and f) are duplicated in a. eutrophus, which explains the lack of a phenotypic change in single-site mutants impaired in one of the two copies. mutants with lesions in both copies showed clear alterations in hydrogenase activities. deletions in hypf1 and hypf2 completely abolished activities of the so ... | 1998 | 9799289 |
| hoxx (hypx) is a functional member of the alcaligenes eutrophus hyp gene cluster. | the role of hoxx in hydrogenase biosynthesis of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 was re-examined. the previously characterized hoxx deletion mutant hf344 and a newly constructed second hoxx mutant carrying a smaller in-frame deletion were studied. the second mutant was impaired in the activity of both the soluble and the membrane-bound hydrogenase. the two hydrogenase activities were reduced by approximately 50% due to delayed processing of the active-site-containing large subunits, while hydrogenase g ... | 1998 | 9799290 |
| alcaligenes xylosoxidans keratitis post penetrating keratoplasty in a rigid gas permeable lens wearer. | we report a case of alcaligenes xylosoxidans keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a rigid gas permeable (rgp) lens wearer. | 1998 | 9800065 |
| characterization of the pac25i restriction-modification genes isolated from the endogenous pra2 plasmid of pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867. | genes for the class ii pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867 restriction-modification (r-m) system, pac25i, have been cloned from its 33-kb endogenous plasmid, pra2. the pac25i endonuclease and methylase genes were found to be aligned in a head-to-tail orientation with the methylase gene preceding and overlapping the endonuclease gene by 1 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence of the pac25i methylase revealed significant similarity with the xcyi, xmai, cfr9i, and smai methylases. high sequence similar ... | 1998 | 9806857 |
| [alcaligenes xylosoxydans: the origin of infection is most often an antiseptic solution]. | | 1998 | 9809170 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing and expression in escherichia coli of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis genes from alcaligenes latus dsm1124. | fragments of chromosomal dna from alcaligenes latus dsm1124 were cloned into escherichia coli and transformants were screened for poly(d(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate) [p(3hb)] production during excess carbon supply. a plasmid harboring a 5.5-kb insert of a. latus dna was isolated from a p(3hb)-producing bacterial colony. the insert was partially sequenced and three major open reading frames (orfs) were found, representing the pha synthase (phac), beta-ketothiolase (phaa) and acetoacetyl-coa reductase (p ... | 1998 | 9821671 |
| formation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by pha synthase from ralstonia eutropha. | the acetoacetyl-coa reductase and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) were expressed in escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and pha-negative mutants of r. eutropha and pseudomonas putida. while expression in e. coli strains resulted in the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [phb], strains of r. eutropha, p. putida and k. aerogenes accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [poly(3hb-co-3hhx)] when even chain fat ... | 1998 | 9821674 |
| the phenotype enhancement method identifies the xcp outer membrane secretion machinery from pseudomonas alcaligenes as a bottleneck for lipase production. | pseudomonas alcaligenes m-1 has been selected from an intensive screening for micro-organisms that can naturally produce a lipase active in detergent formulations. the lipase expression has been increased to allow high level secretion from pseudomonas alcaligenes, via the introduction of multi-copy plasmids. in order to improve the lipase yield further, the phenotype enhancement method has been developed. this idea comprises the reintroduction of a cosmid library with random chromosomal fragment ... | 1998 | 9823657 |
| basis for monomer stabilization in rhodopseudomonas palustris cytochrome c' derived from the crystal structure. | the crystal structure of an unusual monomeric cytochrome c' from rhodopseudomonas palustris (rpcp) has been determined at 2.3 a resolution. rpcp has the four-helix (helices a, b, c and d) bundle structure similar to dimeric cytochromes c'. however the amino acid composition of the surface of helices a and b in rpcp is remarkably different from that of the dimeric cytochromes c'. this surface forms the dimer interface in the latter proteins. rpcp has seven charged residues on this surface contrar ... | 1998 | 9826513 |
| characterization of the active site of a hydrogen sensor from alcaligenes eutrophus. | a third hydrogenase was recently identified in the proteobacterium alcaligenes eutrophus as a constituent of a novel h2-sensing multicomponent regulatory system. this regulatory hydrogenase (rh) has been overexpressed in cells deficient in both the nad+-reducing [nife]-hydrogenase and the membrane-bound [nife]-hydrogenase. epr, ftir and activity studies of membrane-free extracts revealed that the rh has an active site much like that of standard [nife]-hydrogenases, i.e. a ni-fe site with two cn- ... | 1998 | 9827551 |
| biodegradation pathway of 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2-chlorodibenzofuran in the biphenyl-utilising strain jb1. | the biphenyl-utilising burkholderia (previously alcaligenes) strain jb1 is also able to degrade a number of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. in this study, 4-chlorocatechol and a chlorotrihydroxydiphenyl ether were identified as metabolites of 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 5-chlorosalicylic acid and a chlorotrihydroxybiphenyl were metabolites of 2-chlorodibenzofuran. these results show that degradation of these compounds follows pathways in which the initial reaction is angular dioxy ... | 1998 | 9828319 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. the reliability of methods for susceptibility testing as used in denmark. | the susceptibility testing methods used in denmark were evaluated with respect to their ability to detect cephalosporin resistance with cefuroxime as indicator, especially resistance caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). two methods for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic), three agar diffusion methods, a disc approximation test and the esbl-etest were used against a panel of strains producing well-known beta-lactamases. the tablet diffusion test (rosco neo sens ... | 1998 | 9833701 |
| cloning of the alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and use of these genes for enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in escherichia coli. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are microbial polyesters that can be used as completely biodegradable polymers, but the high production cost prevents their use in a wide range of applications. recombinant escherichia coli strains harboring the ralstonia eutropha pha biosynthesis genes have been reported to have several advantages as pha producers compared with wild-type pha-producing bacteria. however, the pha productivity (amount of pha produced per unit volume per unit time) obtained with these r ... | 1998 | 9835580 |
| detection and isolation of novel rhizopine-catabolizing bacteria from the environment | microbial rhizopine-catabolizing (moc) activity was detected in serial dilutions of soil and rhizosphere washes. the activity observed generally ranged between 10(6) and 10(7) catabolic units per g, and the numbers of nonspecific culture-forming units were found to be approximately 10 times higher. a diverse set of 37 isolates was obtained by enrichment on scyllo-inosamine-containing media. however, none of the bacteria that were isolated were found to contain dna sequences homologous to the kno ... | 1998 | 9835587 |
| phenol-degrading denitrifying bacteria in wastewater sediments. | an attempt was made to isolate denitrifying bacteria capable of degrading phenol from anoxic wastewater sediments and compost (vegetable soil). the greatest phenol-degrading activity was shown by autochthonous microflora from petroleum wastewater sediments (pws) and by denitrifying microflora from nitrogenous wastewater reservoir sediment (nwrs). eight strains of denitrifying bacteria able to degrade phenolic compounds were isolated, six of which were from the petroleum wastewater sediments. the ... | 1998 | 9839379 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of blue copper proteins. azurin and mavicyanin. | two copper proteins azurin-1 and azurin-2 were isolated from denitrifying bacteria alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu1051, and the mass spectrometric analysis of the proteins were carried out by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) and electrospray ionization (esi). the mass spectrometric analysis was also carried out with the recombinant zucchini protein mavicyanin, which was obtained by expression in escherichia coli. all the proteins were detected as positive ... | 1998 | 9842744 |
| [two cases of achromobacter xylosoxidans sepsis]. | achromobacter xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacterium whose natural habitat has not been clearly defined. it has been isolated from ear discharge and the large intestine of humans and from various hospital or environmental water sources. infection with a. xylosoxidans in humans has been documented, and resulting illnesses include meningitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, peritonitis and urinary tract infection. bacteremia due to a. xylosoxidans is rare, and little information on treatment is avail ... | 1998 | 9847526 |
| allergic alveolitis among agricultural workers in eastern poland: a study of twenty cases. | the aim of this study was to identify the specific agents which caused extrinsic allergic alveolitis (eaa) in the selected group of 20 agricultural workers from eastern poland. the microbiological analysis of the samples of plant materials or dusts reported by the patients as causing symptoms has been carried out, followed by allergological tests (inhalation challenge, agar-gel precipitation test, inhibition of leukocyte migration, skin test) with extrinsic microbial antigens. it was found that ... | 1998 | 9852490 |
| microbial contamination of benzalkonium chloride products. | | 1998 | 9853642 |
| selective isolation of pseudomonas stutzeri from vertebrate faeces on rambach agar. | faecal samples collected from 308 wild birds of 25 species and 19 rodents of 3 species in south moravia (czechland) were pre-incubated in müller-kauffmann tetrathionate broth at 42 degrees c for 24 h and then streaked onto rambach agar plates which were incubated at 37 degrees c for 48 h. seventeen out of 22 isolates forming orange-red colonies on rambach agar were identified as pseudomonas stutzeri, the rest as pseudomonas sp. and alcaligenes sp. the colonies of p. stutzeri were either dry, wri ... | 1998 | 9861678 |
| [the experimental study of pseudomonas contamination in soft drinks]. | bymeans of this study, we have found out about the situation of pseudomons contamination in the soft drinks which are manufactured and sold at the area of nanchang city. in the course of this study, we examined total 416 specimens, in which we found that 69 specimens were positive reaction. the positive rate made up 16.59% of the total specimens. from these 69 positive specimens we separate isolated andidentified the following pseudomonas 111 strains including 16 different species: p. aeruginosa ... | 1997 | 9863208 |
| investigation of an outbreak of wound infections due to alcaligenes xylosoxidans transmitted by chlorhexidine in a burns unit. | alcaligenes xylosoxidans, an environmental gram-negative bacillus, was isolated within a 1-month period from six patients in a pediatric burns unit. twelve isolates were studied, one from each of the six patients (five from wound cultures and one from a blood culture) and one from each of six contaminated atomizers containing chlorhexidine diluted to 600 mg/l. the biochemical and susceptibility patterns of all the isolates were similar, and their dna enzyme restriction patterns were identical. t ... | 1998 | 9865987 |
| oxidation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt) by alcaligenes eutrophus a5. | previous studies demonstrated that alcaligenes eutrophus a5 transforms 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt) to 4-chlorobenzoate via a meta-ring fission product. the initial reactions could be catalyzed by either monooxygenase or dioxygenase enzymes. in the present study, a transient intermediate that accumulated during the transformation of ddt by the biphenyl-grown cells was identified as 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl-2,3-dihydro-4,6-cyclohexadiene)-2-(4'- chlorophenyl)ethane ... | 1998 | 9871018 |
| degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate under low-oxygen conditions in pure and mixed cultures of the anoxygenic photoheterotroph rhodopseudomonas palustris dcp3 and an aerobic alcaligenes species. | the presence or absence of molecular oxygen has been shown to play a crucial role in the degradability of haloaromatic compounds. in the present study, it was shown that anaerobic phototrophic 3-chlorobenzoate (3cba) metabolism by rhodopseudomonas palustris dcp3 is oxygen tolerant up to a concentration of 3 microm o2. simultaneous oxidation of an additional carbon source permitted light-dependent anaerobic 3cba degradation at oxygen input levels which, in the absence of such an additional compou ... | 1999 | 9872770 |
| prepro-leaders lacking n-linked glycosylation for secretory expression in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | synthetic prepro-leaders lacking consensus n-linked glycosylation sites confers secretion competence of correctly folded insulin precursor expressed in the yeast species saccharomyces cerevisiae with a yield comparable to, or better than the alpha-factor prepro-leader. in contrast, the s. cerevisiae alpha-factor prepro-leader's three n-linked oligosaccharide chains are necessary for the ability to facilitate secretion of the insulin precursor from s. cerevisiae (t. kjeldsen et al., biotechnol. a ... | 1998 | 9882564 |
| [septicemia associated with central venous catheterization in a children's hospital. a multivariate study]. | the blood stream infections (bsi) are the principal nosocomial infection in the child hospitals. in this study we estimate the incidence of bsi associated with central venous catheterization, and estimate different risk and protective factors, through a multivariate study. | 1998 | 9887431 |
| [occurrence of gram-negative non-fermenting rods in hemocultures and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents]. | in the period from january 1993 to june 1996 were at the department of microbiology of the university hospital in olomouc 122 strains of gram-negative nonfermentative rod-shaped bacteria isolated from haemocultures. the majority represented the group of 51 strains of the genus acinetobacter (41.8%), complex a. calcoaceticus-baumannii (acb complex). the second largest group were 21 strains (17.2%) of pseudomonas aeruginosa. these were followed by 17 strains (13.9%) of stenotrophomonas maltophilia ... | 1998 | 9919762 |
| polyhydroxybutyrate: plastic made and degraded by microorganisms. | polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) offers many advantages over traditional petrochemically derived plastics. in addition to its complete biodegradability, phb is formed from renewable resources. it possesses better physical properties than polypropylene for food packaging applications and is completely nontoxic. the poor low-impact strength of phb is solved by incorporation of hydroxyvalerate monomers into the polymer to produce polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (phbv), which is commercially marketed under ... | 1999 | 9921137 |
| purification and characterization of a novel 5-oxoprolinase (without atp-hydrolyzing activity) from alcaligenes faecalis n-38a. | a novel type of 5-oxoprolinase was found in a cell extract of strain n-38a, which was later identified as alcaligenes faecalis. the enzyme in the cell extract was purified to a homogeneous state with a yield of 16.6%. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 47,000 by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, suggesting that the enzyme is a monomeric protein. the enzyme specifically catalyzed a decyclization of l-pyroglutamate witho ... | 1999 | 9925605 |
| the chlorocatechol-catabolic transposon tn5707 of alcaligenes eutrophus nh9, carrying a gene cluster highly homologous to that in the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading bacterium pseudomonas sp. strain p51, confers the ability to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate. | alcaligenes eutrophus (ralstonia eutropha) nh9, isolated in japan, utilizes 3-chlorobenzoate as its sole source of carbon and energy. sequencing of the relevant region of plasmid penh91 from strain nh9 revealed that the genes for the catabolic enzymes were homologous to the genes of the modified ortho-cleavage pathway. the genes from strain nh9 (cbnr-abcd) showed the highest homology (89 to 100% identity at the nucleotide level) to the tcbr-cdef genes on plasmid pp51 of the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen ... | 1999 | 9925607 |
| isolation of a bacterial strain able to degrade branched nonylphenol. | conventional enrichment of microorganisms on branched nonylphenol (np) as only carbon and energy source yielded mixed cultures able to grow on the organic compound. however, plating yielded no single colonies capable, alone or in combination with other isolates, of degrading the np in liquid culture. therefore, a special approach was used, referred to as "serial dilution-plate resuspension," to reduce culture complexity. in this way, one isolate, ttnp3, tentatively identified as a sphingomonas s ... | 1999 | 9925611 |
| monoclonal antibodies to 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase as probes for the 2,4-d-degradative phenotype. | two different monoclonal antibodies (mab) were raised against 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase (dcp-hydroxylase) of ralstonia eutropha jmp134 (pjp4), the second enzyme in the 2,4-d-degradative pathway of this bacterium. the utility of these antibodies in detecting and characterizing 2,4-d-degrading soil bacteria was investigated. one mab (f6) reacted with dcp-hydroxylase from 27 out of 36 strains tested, while the other (mab c3) reacted with only 17 isolates. when used with the colony blot techniq ... | 1998 | 9933912 |
| biocatalytic asymmetric decarboxylation. | biocatalytic decarboxylation is a unique reaction, in the sense that it can be considered to be a protonation reaction to a "carbanion equivalent" intermediate in aqueous medium. thus, if optically active compounds can be prepared via this type of reaction, it would be a very characteristic biotransformation, as compared to ordinary organic reactions. an enzyme isolated from a specific strain of alcaligenes bronchisepticus catalyzes the asymmetric decarboxylation of alpha-aryl-alpha-methylmaloni ... | 1999 | 9933980 |