| intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. intracellular ub-8902 concentrations were 6-fold higher than extracellular levels. uptake was rapid, reversible, saturable, and affected by external ph. ub-8902 showed intracellular activity against staphylococcus aureus strains presenting mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyra and/or grla genes. | 2010 | 20417992 |
| size-based separations as an important discriminator in development of proximity ligation assays for protein or organism detection. | proximity ligation is a powerful technique to measure minute concentrations of target protein with high specificity, and it has been demonstrated to be effective on a wide variety of protein targets. the proximity ligation assay (pla) technique is shown to be compromised by the amplification of a nonspecific fluorescent product that is not indicative of protein presence, which was previously unidentified in a published procedure. this result illuminates the complexity of designing the optimal pl ... | 2010 | 20419707 |
| risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study. | risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study. a total of 197 animals from 150 veterinary practices across the united kingdom was enrolled, including 105 mrsa cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) infection. the association of owners and veterinarian staff with the human healthcare sector (hcs) and animal-related characteristics such as signalment, antimicrobial and ... | 2010 | 20423695 |
| purulent spondylitis related to anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer surgery. | a 73-year-old man underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for advanced esophageal cancer with palliative intent. cervical esophagogastrostomy with circular-stapled end-to-side anastomosis was performed; however, anastomotic fistula developed. fever, severe pain in the nape of the neck and numbness of the left hand were noted after drainage by wide opening of cervicotomy and the administration of empiric antibiotics. magnetic reson ... | 2010 | 20442207 |
| staphylococcus aureus recovery from environmental and human locations in 2 collegiate athletic teams. | staphylococcus aureus is spread via direct contact with persons and indirect contact via environmental surfaces such as weight benches. athletes participating in direct-contact sports have an increased risk of acquiring s aureus infections. | 2010 | 20446834 |
| an investigation of the quality of meat sold in lesotho. | since the closure of the lesotho abattoir in 2003, only imported meat can be legally sold. however, it was estimated in 2007 that 80% of the meat sold at butcheries comes from informal slaughter. the aim of this study was to investigate the situation. the number and location of informal butcheries in lesotho (n = 143) were recorded and mapped using geographical information systems. observations (photographs) of informal slaughter indicated a lack of hygiene, unskilled slaughtermen and illegal di ... | 2009 | 20458865 |
| [cutaneous ulcers and glycogen storage disease type 1b]. | glycogen storage disease type 1b is a rare disorder caused by 6-glucose-phosphatase transport deficiency. it is characterised primarily by metabolic disorders combined with hypoglycaemia and hyperlactacidaemia and a predisposition to staphylococcal infections associated with polynuclear neutrophil abnormality. herein, we report the case of a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1b who developed ulcers of the lower limbs and we discuss the possible significance of this association which, to ... | 2010 | 20470920 |
| staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 5 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 from human neutrophils. | staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (ssls) constitute a family of exoproteins exhibiting structural similarities to superantigens and enterotoxins but no superantigenic activity. in this article, we present evidence that ssl5 specifically binds to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) and inhibits its enzymatic activity. when human neutrophil cell lysate was applied to recombinant his-tagged ssl5 conjugated to sepharose, the bound fraction gave a major band of approximately 100 kda in sds-pol ... | 2010 | 20479083 |
| nanosized dendritic polyguanidilyated translocators for enhanced solubility, permeability, and delivery of gatifloxacin. | dendrimeric polyguanidilyated translocators (dpts) are nanosized novel dendrimers that efficiently translocate molecules across biological barriers. the purpose of this study was to develop a dpt that could serve as an ophthalmic delivery vehicle for gatifloxacin and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo delivery after topical application. | 2010 | 20484584 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria-derived factors. | catechins (bioactive polyphenols in green tea) are known to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. however, the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins on inflamed dental pulp tissue are not known. in this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and epicatechin gallate (ecg), the major components of green tea catechins, on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp cells stimulated with bacteria-derived factors suc ... | 2010 | 20487003 |
| [bacteremia on femoral catheter infection: an unusual cause of orbital cellulitis]. | the authors report a case of orbital cellulitis complicating bacteremia on central catheter infection. a 51-year-old man, with a history of diabetes and end-stage renal disease, was admitted for left exophthalmos with inflammatory chemosis, fever, and worsening of his general state. the ct scan showed exophthalmos with thickening of soft tissues and infiltration of the ocular fat without collection or sinus impairment. orbital cellulitis was diagnosed. the etiological investigations showed staph ... | 2010 | 20494474 |
| contribution of il-18 to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by immunization and challenge with staphylococcus aureus proteins. | we previously reported that intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (ova) plus il-18 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice with ova-specific t(h)1 cells. these two conditions can be prevented by neutralizing anti-ifn-gamma and anti-il-13 antibodies, respectively. the mice develop ahr and eosinophilic airway inflammation after challenge with ova plus lps instead of il-18 and endogenous il-18 is known to be involved. in contrast, il-18 does not facilitat ... | 2010 | 20497957 |
| staphylococcus aureus ai-2 quorum sensing associates with the kdpde two-component system to regulate capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence. | autoinducer 2 (ai-2) is widely recognized as a signal molecule for intra- and interspecies communication in gram-negative bacteria, but its signaling function in gram-positive bacteria, especially in staphylococcus aureus, remains obscure. here we reveal the role of luxs in the regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in s. aureus nctc8325 and show that ai-2 can regulate gene expression and is involved in some physiological activities in s. aureus as a signaling molecule. inactivation of ... | 2010 | 20498265 |
| assessment of oritavancin serum protein binding across species. | biophysical methods to study the binding of oritavancin, a lipoglycopeptide, to serum protein are confounded by nonspecific drug adsorption to labware surfaces. we assessed oritavancin binding to serum from mouse, rat, dog, and human by a microbiological growth-based method under conditions that allow near-quantitative drug recovery. protein binding was similar across species, ranging from 81.9% in human serum to 87.1% in dog serum. these estimates support the translation of oritavancin exposure ... | 2010 | 20498314 |
| the human nasal microbiota and staphylococcus aureus carriage. | colonization of humans with staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. s. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of approximately 50% of healthy adults, whereas approximately 50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of s. aureus colonization we determined the compos ... | 2010 | 20498722 |
| [community-associated mrsa and panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl): novel trends in epidemiology and forensic implications]. | the propagation of multi-resistant bacteria, especially methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains (mrsa), in hospitals and nursing homes is a well-known sanitary and therapeutic problem (healthcare-associated mrsa, ha-mrsa). for some years, an increasing incidence of mrsa outside the hospital environment (community-acquired or community-associated mrsa, ca-mrsa) has been observed all over the world, which, contrary to the hospital strains, produces the leukocytotoxic toxin pvl and cau ... | 2010 | 20506711 |
| patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by organ failure show highly aberrant monocyte signaling profiles assessed by phospho-specific flow cytometry. | to outline signaling profiles and transmigration capacity of monocytes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. | 2010 | 20512034 |
| ventilator-associated pneumonia due to shewanella putrefaciens. | the first reported u.s. case of ventilator-associated pneumonia evidently caused by shewanella putrefaciens is described. | 2010 | 20516471 |
| a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver abscess. | liver abscesses caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are rarely reported. we report such a case in a 25-year-old man who presented with an intermittent fever. he had a history of prolonged antibiotic use for acne and skin abscesses. the liver abscess was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and a prolonged course of linezolid. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver ... | 2010 | 20519761 |
| epistatic relationships between sara and agr in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. | the accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sara) play opposing roles in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. there is mounting evidence to suggest that these opposing roles are therapeutically relevant in that mutation of agr results in increased biofilm formation and decreased antibiotic susceptibility while mutation of sara has the opposite effect. to the extent that induction of agr or inhibition of sara could potentially be used to limit biofilm formation, ... | 2010 | 20520723 |
| staphylococcus aureus nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites regulate virulence. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is resistant to numerous antibiotics in clinical use. we found two nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites--the aureusimines, made by s. aureus--that are not antibiotics, but function as regulators of virulence factor expression and are necessary for productive infections. in vivo mouse models of bacteremia showed that strains of s. aureus unable to produce aureusimines were attenuated and/or cleared from major organs, including the spleen, ... | 2010 | 20522739 |
| novel h1n1 influenza and panton-valentine leukocidin staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. | the association between seasonal influenza and staphylococcal pneumonia has long been recognized (chickering and park, 1919; roberts et al, 2008), and both meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and panton-valentine leukocidin s. aureus have been associated with seasonal influenza pandemics (roberts et al, 2008; kearns et al, 2009; murray et al, 2010). | 2010 | 20551877 |
| targeting isoprenoid biosynthesis for drug discovery: bench to bedside. | the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways produce the largest class of small molecules in nature: isoprenoids (also called terpenoids). not surprisingly then, isoprenoid biosynthesis is a target for drug discovery, and many drugs--such as lipitor (used to lower cholesterol), fosamax (used to treat osteoporosis), and many anti-infectives--target isoprenoid biosynthesis. however, drug resistance in malaria, tuberculosis, and staph infections is rising, cheap and effective drugs for the neglected tropic ... | 2010 | 20560544 |
| inactivation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) on various environmental surfaces by mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant. | contaminated environmental surfaces are important reservoirs in the transmission of many human pathogens. although several options exist for disinfecting contaminated environmental surfaces, few are compatible with use on both hard smooth non-porous (hard) and soft porous surfaces (soft) while still offering significant disinfection of the contaminating organisms. this study evaluated the efficacy of mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfe ... | 2010 | 20574884 |
| ifn-gamma enhances killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes more effectively than gm-csf in the presence of daptomycin and other antibiotics. | because cytokines have been utilized in treatment of sepsis in neonates, we studied the effects of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and gm-csf on killing of intracellular methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) by human monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) in the presence of daptomycin (dap), rifampin (rif), gentamicin (gen), and combinations of these drugs. mdm infected with mrsa were treated with dap (1 x mic), gen (0.5 x mic), or rif (1 x mic), singly or in combination, with or without cy ... | 2010 | 20580568 |
| rapid neutrophil destruction following phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus. | mechanisms underlying the enhanced virulence phenotype of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) are incompletely defined, but presumably include evasion of killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns or neutrophils). to better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the basis of rapid pmn lysis after phagocytosis of usa300, a prominent ca-mrsa strain. survival of usa300 clinical isolates after phagocytosis ultimately resulted in neutrophil lysis. ... | 2010 | 20587998 |
| a study of cytotoxicity of novel chlorokojic acid derivatives with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. | a series of 6-chloromethyl-3-hydroxy-2-substituted 4h-pyran-4-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. mannich base derivatives were prepared through the reaction of substituted piperazine or piperidine derivatives on chlorokojic acid and formaline. the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr, esi-ms, and elemental analysis. according to the activity studies, compounds 2-7 (mic: 1-2 microg/ml) were foun ... | 2010 | 20591538 |
| nanosized aluminum altered immune function. | on the basis of their uses in jet fuels and munitions, the most likely scenario for aluminum nanoparticle (np) exposure is inhalation. nps have been shown to be capable of penetrating deep into the alveolar regions of the lung, and therefore human alveolar macrophages (u937) with human type ii pneumocytes (a549) were cultured together and exposed to nps dispersed in an artificial lung surfactant to more accurately mimic the lung microenvironment. two types of nps were evaluated: aluminum (al) an ... | 2010 | 20593840 |
| staphylococcus aureus induces apoptosis of human monocytic u937 cells via nf-kappab signaling pathways. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous infections. s. aureus have been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types. however, the mechanisms regulating primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cell death following s. aureus challenge are unknown. in this study, we found that infection of primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cells with s. aureus induced rapid cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner displaying the ch ... | 2010 | 20600795 |
| ftsz inhibition: a promising approach for antistaphylococcal therapy. | staphylococcus causes a large number of animal and human diseases and has been considered as a major health concern. with the emergence of resistant strains of staphylococcus, like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, the search for novel antibacterial targets has intensified. ftsz, a bacterial cytoskeleton protein, is involved in cell division. ftsz assembles into protofilaments in a gtp-dependent manner, and forms a dynamic z-ring at the m ... | 2010 | 20603653 |
| phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of four species of cola schott & endl. (sterculiaceae). | the in-vitro antimicrobial evaluation of ethanol extracts of four species of cola schott & endl. was done using human isolated strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, aspergillus niger as test organisms. the assays were carried out by agar well diffusion, erythromycin and ketoconazole served as the control drugs. the leaf ethanol extracts of the plants were found to be more effective against the te ... | 2009 | 20606771 |
| unsuspected polymicrobial brain abscess arising from an intra-abdominal source in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. | the unusual and unprecedented occurrence of a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (hht) and a polymicrobial abscess with three different organisms, including fungi, is reported. the patient was a 48-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and hht who was brought to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident with altered mental status. computed tomography did not reveal evidence of acute brain injury but showed a left frontal brain abscess. the patient und ... | 2010 | 20622729 |
| binding of the staphylococcus aureus leucotoxin lukm to its leucocyte targets. | the range of leucocytes susceptible to the leucotoxin lukm/f', a two-component pore-forming toxin of staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis in ruminants, had not been defined. we used fluorescent-labeled lukm to investigate the binding of this toxin to bovine cells and to identify its cellular targets among bovine, human and murine leucocytes. lukm bound to bovine blood neutrophils from all the individuals tested with similar affinity, with an apparent dissociation constant (kd) of 1.81 ± 0.14 n ... | 2010 | 20624452 |
| evolutionary genomics of staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation. | phenotypic biotyping has traditionally been used to differentiate bacteria occupying distinct ecological niches such as host species. for example, the capacity of staphylococcus aureus from sheep to coagulate ruminant plasma, reported over 60 years ago, led to the description of small ruminant and bovine s. aureus ecovars. the great majority of small ruminant isolates are represented by a single, widespread clonal complex (cc133) of s. aureus, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis ... | 2010 | 20624747 |
| role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin-mediated cellular injury. | staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (hla), a potent cytotoxin, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases, including those caused by methicillin-resistant epidemic strains. hla is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that undergoes a series of conformational changes to generate a heptameric, beta-barrel structure in host membranes. structural maturation of hla depends on its interaction with a previously unknown proteinaceous receptor in the context of the cell membr ... | 2010 | 20624979 |
| once-daily gentamicin administration for community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model: preliminary reports for the advantages for optimizing pharmacodynamic index. | community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (camrsa) infections are increasing. although gentamicin (gen) is usually susceptible against ca-mrsa, gen is rarely considered for treatment as monotherapy. we employed an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (ivpdm) to compare efficacies of gen against ca-mrsa with two dosing regimens [thrice-daily (td), once-daily (od)]. | 2010 | 20635447 |
| [inhibitive effect and mechanism of monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87]. | to investigate the in vitro inhibitive effect and apoptotic mechanism of bdi-1 monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87. | 2010 | 20646593 |
| powerful usage of phylogenetically diverse staphylococcus aureus control strains for detecting multidrug resistance genes in transcriptomics studies. | staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for life-threatening septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. although positive (mrsa; atcc 33591) and negative (mssa; atcc 25923) control strains have been used for various pathogenesis or assay studies, little is known about the genomic structure of the strains, and there has been little genome-wide expression analysis. phylogenetic analyses revealed that atcc 33591 and atcc 25923 are the most genetically diverse strai ... | 2010 | 20652498 |
| [burow's solution treatment for external auditory canal and mastoid cavity cholesteatoma]. | burow's solution, 13% aluminum acetate dissolved in water developed as ear drops by german dr. karl august burow in the mid-1800s, was confirmed by mahoney (1980) and thorp et al. (2000) to act on chronic suppurative otitis media without ototoxicity. we have found it satisfactory in treating otitis media and other intractable inflammation and fungal infection of the external auditory canal. we report its potent effect in 2 cases of external auditory canal cholesteatoma (eacc) and 1 of mastoid ca ... | 2010 | 20653194 |
| use of quantitative broad-based polymerase chain reaction for detection and identification of common bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid. | conventional laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis based on microscopy followed by culture is time-consuming and has only moderate sensitivity. | 2010 | 20653589 |
| antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of the marsabit clawed frog xenopus borealis (pipidae). | nine peptides with differential growth inhibitory activity against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the tetraploid frog xenopus borealis parker, 1936 (pipidae). structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that they were orthologous to magainin-2 (1 peptide), peptide glycine-leucine-amide, pgla (2 peptides), caerulein-precursor fragments, cpf (4 peptides), and xenopsin-precursor fragments, xpf (2 peptides), pre ... | 2010 | 20656059 |
| peripheral blood b cell subset skewing is associated with altered cell cycling and intrinsic resistance to apoptosis and reflects a state of immune activation in chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is associated with b cell activation, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. to investigate b cell regulation during hcv infection, we measured bulk b cell cpg and staphylococcus aureus cowan-induced igg ab-secreting cell (asc) frequency, hcv and tetanus-specific asc frequency, bcr- and cd40l-dependent cd80/cd86 expression, and activation of memory cd4 cells. immature transitional, naive, resting memory, mature activated, tissue-like memory, and pla ... | 2010 | 20656924 |
| ciprofloxacin-modified electrosynthesized hydrogel coatings to prevent titanium-implant-associated infections. | new promising and versatile materials for the development of in situ sustained release systems consisting of thin films of either poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or a copolymer based on poly(ethylene-glycol diacrylate) and acrylic acid were investigated. these polymers were electrosynthesized directly on titanium substrates and loaded with ciprofloxacin (cip) either during or after the synthesis step. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to check the cip entrapment efficiency as well as i ... | 2011 | 20659594 |
| a nickel abc-transporter of staphylococcus aureus is involved in urinary tract infection. | the oligopeptide transport systems opp belong to the nickel/peptide/opine pept subfamily of abc-transporters. the opportunist pathogen staphylococcus aureus encodes four putative opps and one orphean substrate binding protein opp5a. here, we report that the opp2 permease complex (opp2bcdf) and opp5a are involved in nickel uptake and then renamed them nikbcde and nika respectively. s. aureus carries also a high-affinity nickel transporter nixa belonging to the nicot family of secondary transporte ... | 2010 | 20662775 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum regulation of neutrophil transcription. | abnormal neutrophil responses have been observed in periodontitis patients, including hyper-reactivity in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ros) following exposure to the key quorum-sensing plaque bacterium, fusobacterium nucleatum. this study was designed to characterize the transcriptional response of neutrophils to f. nucleatum. | 2011 | 20663022 |
| detection, molecular characterization, and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cc398 and cc97 in spanish slaughter pigs of different age groups. | the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in slaughter pigs, to characterize the recovered isolates, and to investigate their genomic relatedness. nasal swabs were collected from 53 finishing-pigs (f-pigs) and 53 suckling-piglets (s-piglets) at two different abattoirs in la rioja (northern spain) coming from six production holdings. mrsa isolates were characterized by spa−, agr−, sccmec−, and multilocus sequ ... | 2010 | 20677918 |
| mannose-binding lectin (mbl2) and ficolin-2 (fcn2) polymorphisms in patients on peritoneal dialysis with staphylococcal peritonitis. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and ficolin-2 (fcn) are activators of the lectin pathway of complement and act as primary defences against infection. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mbl2 and fcn2 genes influence the functionality of the proteins. both proteins are capable of binding staphylococci, which are pathogens that frequently cause peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). we studied the role of polymorphisms in the mbl2 and fcn2 genes as a ri ... | 2011 | 20682603 |
| periorbital necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus periorbital necrotizing fasciitis. | to report a case of a patient with periorbital necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2010 | 20704488 |
| activation of plasminogen by staphylokinase reduces the severity of staphylococcus aureus systemic infection. | staphylokinase (sak) is produced by the majority of staphylococcus aureus strains. it is an extracellular protein that activates the conversion of human plasminogen (plg) to plasmin. the role played by sak in staphylococcal infection is unclear. | 2010 | 20726765 |
| poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticles for molecular delivery: studies on their preparation and in vitro properties. | the preparation and properties of poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticle suspensions as molecular carriers are described for the first time. these nanoparticles can be formed by nanoprecipitation of commercial poly(vinyl benzoate) in water using pluronic f68 as surfactant, to create spherical nanostructures measuring 200-250nm in diameter. these nanoparticles are stable in phosphate buffer and blood serum, and only slowly degrade in the presence of esterases. pluronic f68 stabilizes the nanoparticle ... | 2010 | 20728487 |
| establishment of a mouse iga nephropathy model with the mbp-20-peptide fusion protein. | here, we aimed to determine whether immunoglobulin-a nephropathy (igan) could be induced in balb/c mice by immunizing them with a fusion protein (mbp-20 peptide) comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) and a 20-amino-acid peptide derived from staphylococcus aureus. a recombinant plasmid encoding the fusion protein was constructed and expressed in bacterial cells. the synthetic 20-peptide was used to prepare the monoclonal antibody. balb/c mice were immunized with the mbp-20-peptide fusion p ... | 2010 | 20730864 |
| antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy of antineoplastic agent capped gold nanoparticles. | synthesis of thioguanine (tg)-capped au nanoparticles (au@tg) and their enhanced in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy against micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, e. coli, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger and hep2 cancer cell (human epidermiod cell) have been reported. the nature of binding between 6-tg and the gold nanoparticles via complexation is investigated using ultraviolet-visible spectrum, cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscop ... | 2010 | 20738066 |
| evidence of multiple virulence subtypes in nosocomial and community-associated mrsa genotypes in companion animals from the upper midwestern and northeastern united states. | not much is known about the zoonotic transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in companion animals in the united states. we report the rate of prevalence of s. aureus and mrsa recovered from clinical samples of animals requiring treatment at veterinary clinics throughout the upper midwestern and northeastern united states. | 2011 | 20739580 |
| treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive bacteria. | an increasing proportion of staphylococcus aureus infections are caused by methicillin-resistant s aureus. treatment of infections caused by this organism is challenging, especially because therapy with vancomycin, the traditional antibiotic of choice for methicillin-resistant s aureus infections, is associated with an increasing frequency of treatment failure, and vancomycin insensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains have emerged. in addition, enterococcus sp. isolated from human infections a ... | 2010 | 20823699 |
| two genes on a/j chromosome 18 are associated with susceptibility to staphylococcus aureus infection by combined microarray and qtl analyses. | although it has recently been shown that a/j mice are highly susceptible to staphylococcus aureus sepsis as compared to c57bl/6j, the specific genes responsible for this differential phenotype are unknown. using chromosome substitution strains (css), we found that loci on chromosomes 8, 11, and 18 influence susceptibility to s. aureus sepsis in a/j mice. we then used two candidate gene selection strategies to identify genes on these three chromosomes associated with s. aureus susceptibility, and ... | 2010 | 20824097 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activities of illicium verum against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. | in recent years, human pathogenic microorganisms have developed multiple drug resistance and caused serious nosocomial infections. in this study, we identified four new antimicrobial compounds from the chinese herbal medicine illicium verum and assessed their antibacterial efficacies. the supercritical co₂ and ethanol extracts of illicium verum showed substantial antibacterial activity against 67 clinical drug-resistant isolates, including 27 acinetobacter baumannii, 20 pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ... | 2010 | 20828316 |
| nuclease expression by staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps. | neutrophils are key effectors of the host innate immune response against bacterial infection. staphylococcus aureus is a preeminent human pathogen, with an ability to produce systemic infections even in previously healthy individuals, thereby reflecting a resistance to effective neutrophil clearance. the recent discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) has opened a novel dimension in our understanding of how these specialized leukocytes kill pathogens. nets consist of a nuclear dna back ... | 2010 | 20829609 |
| a mouse model of post-arthroplasty staphylococcus aureus joint infection to evaluate in vivo the efficacy of antimicrobial implant coatings. | post-arthroplasty infections represent a devastating complication of total joint replacement surgery, resulting in multiple reoperations, prolonged antibiotic use, extended disability and worse clinical outcomes. as the number of arthroplasties in the u.s. will exceed 3.8 million surgeries per year by 2030, the number of post-arthroplasty infections is projected to increase to over 266,000 infections annually. the treatment of these infections will exhaust healthcare resources and dramatically i ... | 2010 | 20830204 |
| fulminant fatal swine influenza (h1n1): myocarditis, myocardial infarction, or severe influenza pneumonia? | the swine influenza (h1n1) pandemic began in mexico and rapidly spread worldwide. as is the case with pandemic influenza a, the majority of early deaths have been in young healthy adults. the complications of pandemic h1n1 have been reported from several centers. noteworthy has been the relative rarity of bacterial coinfection in bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized adults with h1n1 pneumonia. simultaneous bacterial community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus o ... | 2010 | 20831976 |
| methyl-β-cyclodextrin modified vascular prosthesis: influence of the modification level on the drug delivery properties in different media. | a textile polyester vascular graft was modified with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (meβcd) to obtain a new implant capable of releasing antibiotics directly in situ at the site of operation over a prolonged period and thereby prevent post-operative infections. we investigated the influence of the curing parameters (time and temperature) that allow control of the degree of functionalization (df) of the support by meβcd. the inclusion of ciprofloxacin (cfx) in the meβcd cavity was observed in solution by ... | 2011 | 20832508 |
| the environment as a factor in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission. | in recent years, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in the united states. the epidemiology of the organism has changed, with novel strains emerging in the community among individuals lacking any healthcare contact. although direct human-to-human transmission via skin contact is one way for this organism to spread, transmission via environmental contamination of fomites or through air are other potential ways ... | 2010 | 20839557 |
| a case report of a septic hip secondary to a psoas abscess. | abstract: psoas abscess was first described by mynter in 1881. though rare, its prevalence is increasing with advances in radiology and an increasing ability to accurately diagnose the condition. the symptoms of a psoas abscess can be insidious and nonspecific, and patients often present with a limp, fever, weight loss, and flank or abdominal pain.a psoas abscess can be classified as either primary or secondary depending on the presence or absence of an underlying disease. primary psoas abscess ... | 2010 | 20846379 |
| tlr-2-mediated cytokine and chemokine secretion in human keratinocytes. | the human epidermis provides a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens. resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. they establish the local cytokine and chemokine milieu which is necessary for attracting other cells participating in an immune response. toll-like receptor (tlr)-2 recognizes components of s. aureus and is known to be e ... | 2010 | 20849532 |
| the expression of toll-like receptors in dermatological diseases and the therapeutic effect of current and newer topical toll-like receptor modulators. | toll-like receptors are a group of glycoproteins located mostly in cellular membranes, capable of recognizing certain molecules in exogenous microorganisms and initiating immune responses against them through the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways. toll-like receptors can be stimulated when an inflammatory reaction is needed for the treatment of conditions, such as viral infections or skin cancer, or can be inhibited when a reduction of inflammation is necessary for the treat ... | 2010 | 20877521 |
| cystic fibrosis: deciphering the complexity. | | 2010 | 20880408 |
| isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern united states. | reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. in this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states. a total of 339 and 491 isolates from charleston, sc (chs) and indian river ... | 2010 | 20888150 |
| hyperbranched poly(nipam) polymers modified with antibiotics for the reduction of bacterial burden in infected human tissue engineered skin. | the escalating global incidence of bacterial infection, particularly in chronic wounds, is a problem that requires significant improvements to existing therapies. we have developed hyperbranched poly(nipam) polymers functionalized with the antibiotics vancomycin and polymyxin-b that are sensitive to the presence of bacteria in solution. binding of bacteria to the polymers causes a conformational change, resulting in collapse of the polymers and the formation of insoluble polymer/bacteria complex ... | 2010 | 20933276 |
| the rab11a gtpase controls toll-like receptor 4-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 on phagosomes. | toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is indispensable for recognition of gram-negative bacteria. we described a trafficking pathway for tlr4 from the endocytic recycling compartment (erc) to e. coli phagosomes. we found a prominent colocalization between tlr4 and the small gtpase rab11a in the erc, and rab11a was involved in the recruitment of tlr4 to phagosomes in a process requiring tlr4 signaling. also, toll-receptor-associated molecule (tram) and interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf3) localized to e. ... | 2010 | 20933442 |
| staphylococcus intermedius is not only a zoonotic pathogen, but may also cause skin abscesses in humans after exposure to saliva. | staphylococcus intermedius is a very rare human pathogen. there are only 16 cases in the literature that have described s. intermedius as a cause of infection in humans. most of these cases have been described in association with exposure to animals, mostly dogs. however, this pathogen can cause infection in healthy individuals even without exposure to animals. | 2010 | 20934636 |
| functional assessment of toll-like receptor 2 and its relevance in patients with staphylococcus aureus infection of joint prosthesis. | staphylococcus aureus induces inflammation in experimental models through toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). the clinical relevance of this observation is debated. we evaluated the relationship between tlr2 r753q single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and s aureus infection of joint prosthesis. human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cells transfected with wild-type and mutant r753q tlr2 gene were assessed for response to s aureus peptidoglycan. real-time polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing of dna ... | 2010 | 20937339 |
| mode-of-action studies of the novel bisquaternary bisnaphthalimide mt02 against staphylococcus aureus. | screening of various bisquaternary bisnaphthalimides against a variety of human pathogens revealed one compound, designated mt02, with strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive bacteria. the mics ranged from 0.31 μg/ml against community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) lineage usa300 to 20 μg/ml against streptococcus pneumoniae. radioactive whole-cell labeling experiments indicated a strong impact of mt02 on bacterial dna replication. dna microarray studies gener ... | 2010 | 20937782 |
| expression of δ-toxin by staphylococcus aureus mediates escape from phago-endosomes of human epithelial and endothelial cells in the presence of β-toxin. | staphylococcus aureus is able to invade non-professional phagocytes by interaction of staphylococcal adhesins with extracellular proteins of mammalian cells and eventually resides in acidified phago-endosomes. some staphylococcal strains have been shown to subsequently escape from this compartment. a functional agr quorum-sensing system is needed for phagosomal escape. however, the nature of this agr dependency as well as the toxins involved in disruption of the phagosomal membrane are unknown. ... | 2010 | 20946243 |
| staphylococcus epidermidis strategies to avoid killing by human neutrophils. | staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading nosocomial pathogen. in contrast to its more aggressive relative s. aureus, it causes chronic rather than acute infections. in highly virulent s. aureus, phenol-soluble modulins (psms) contribute significantly to immune evasion and aggressive virulence by their strong ability to lyse human neutrophils. members of the psm family are also produced by s. epidermidis, but their role in immune evasion is not known. notably, strong cytolytic capacity of s. epide ... | 2010 | 20949069 |
| a proteomic approach to cold acclimation of staphylococcus aureus cect 976 grown at room and human body temperatures. | staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic microorganism that has been associated with serious infection problems in different fields, from food to clinic. in the present study, we have taken into account that the main reservoirs of this microorganism are the human body and some parts of food processing plants, which have normal temperatures of around 37 and 25°c, respectively. it can be expected that s. aureus must acclimate its metabolism to colder temperatures before growing in food mat ... | 2010 | 20951456 |
| isolation of staphylococcus aureus from raw fish in relation to culture methods. | five hundred and fifty fish samples from various stages in the course of distribution in hyogo prefecture (209 retailed in super markets, 173 obtained from fishery cooperatives at a harbor, 91 caught by trawling and 77 caught by rod fishing) were examined for contamination with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). s. aureus was detected in 41 (19.6%) of the retail fish samples and 46 (26.6%) of the samples from the fishery cooperatives. no s. aureus was isolated from the live fish (91 trawled and ... | 2010 | 20953131 |
| septic knee-induced deep venous thrombosis in a young adult. | this article describes a case of a 26-year-old man presenting with left knee pain of 1 week's duration, fever, and acute onset of shortness of breath the day of admission. an arthrocentesis of the knee joint was grossly positive for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. a left lower extremity venous duplex showed thrombosis of the superficial femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, and gastrocnemius veins. pulmonary computed tomography-angiography was positive for acute pulmonary ... | 2010 | 20954653 |
| tnf receptor i on human keratinocytes is a binding partner for staphylococcal protein a resulting in the activation of nf kappa b, ap-1, and downstream gene transcription. | primary human keratinocytes and immortalized hacat cells were analysed for their capacity to bind purified staphylococcal protein a (spa). co-incubation with fitc-labelled spa led to a dose-depending attachment. pull-down experiments with cellular extracts revealed the tnfα receptor i (tnf ri) as binding partner on keratinocytes. thus, we next looked for expression of this receptor in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. tnf ri is strongly expressed on all keratinocytes analysed, both at ... | 2010 | 20955203 |
| different staphylococcus aureus whole bacteria mutated in putative pro-inflammatory membrane components have similar cytokine inducing activity. | the role of the different major cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria for immune stimulation is controversial. we thus compared the cytokine inducing capacity of different staphylococcus aureus (sa) mutants lacking either lipoproteins (sa 113δlgt), or wall teichoic acids (wta) (δta), or possessing a reduced d-alanine content in lipoteichoic acid (lta) (sa 113δdlt) to its corresponding wildtype (sa 113wt). inactivated whole bacteria and their purified cell wall components peptidoglycan a ... | 2010 | 20965605 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of some thiazolylpyrazole derivatives as dual anti-inflammatory antimicrobial agents. | the synthesis of a novel series of 4-thiazolylpyrazolyl derivatives is described in the present report. all the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity using cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema bioassays. their inhibitory activities of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-1 and cox-2), ulcerogenic effect and acute toxicity were also determined. furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial ... | 2010 | 20970223 |
| prominent human health impacts from several marine microbes: history, ecology, and public health implications. | this paper overviews several examples of important public health impacts by marine microbes and directs readers to the extensive literature germane to these maladies. these examples include three types of dinoflagellates (gambierdiscus spp., karenia brevis, and alexandrium fundyense), bmaa-producing cyanobacteria, and infectious microbes. the dinoflagellates are responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and paralytic shellfish poisoning, respectively, that have pl ... | 2010 | 20976073 |
| the antimicrobial and phagocytic defense mechanisms of the terrestrial gastropod lehmannia nyctelia against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. | gastropods are significant vectors of human infectious diseases and are exposed to a wide range of soil parasites and micro-organisms. to defend against infection, we hypothesized that the slug produces both soluble and cellular defense mechanisms. | 2010 | 20980950 |
| occurrence of foodborne pathogens and characterization of staphylococcus aureus in cheese produced on farm-dairies. | the objective of this study was to address knowledge gaps identified in an earlier risk assessment of staphylococcus aureus and raw milk cheese. a survey of fresh and short-time ripened cheeses produced on farm-dairies in sweden was conducted to investigate the occurrence and levels of s. aureus, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, to characterize s. aureus isolates with special emphasis on enterotoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, bio-typing and genetic variation, and to collect inform ... | 2010 | 21035884 |
| infectious complications in the early postoperative period in liver transplant patients. | liver transplantation (ltx) is a technically well established procedure in acute and in end-stage liver diseases. however, opportunistic infections remain one of the important complications in short and long-term outcome of ltx patients. bloodstream and pulmonary infections are the major cause of death in the first year following liver transplantation. due to extended use of chinolons and third generation cephalosporines there is a shift towards multidrug-resistant bacteria including methicillin ... | 2010 | 21037551 |
| plasma protein binding may reduce antimicrobial activity by preventing intra-bacterial uptake of antibiotics, for example clindamycin. | although plasma protein binding (ppb) is accepted to be an essential factor in reducing antimicrobial activity, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. one possibility includes impaired penetration of an antimicrobial into bacterial cells in the presence of ppb. as a prerequisite for testing this hypothesis an optimized medium displaying high protein binding without impairing bacterial growth had to be identified for our model compound clindamycin. | 2010 | 21044975 |
| [comparative research of the efficacy of the gatifloxacin and levofloxacin for bacterial conjunctivitis in human eyes]. | to evaluate the different efficacy and safety to the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis between the fluoroquinolone antibiotics gatifloxacin and levofloxacin. | 2010 | 21055198 |
| [negative pressure wound therapy was useful in treating empyema with bronchopleural fistula]. | we report a case for whom negative pressure wound therapy (npwt) was applied for empyema with bronchopleural fistula. the patient was a 64-year-old man with a history of gastric resection and diabetes visited our hospital with chief complaints of fever and respiratory failure. in spite of conservative treatment after being diagnosed as empyema, bronchopleural fistula developed. in order to manage the pyothorax, the bronchopleural fistula was closed with endobronchial watanabe spigot, and fenestr ... | 2010 | 21066844 |
| statins enhance formation of phagocyte extracellular traps. | statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. recent clinico-epidemiologic studies correlate patients receiving statin therapy with having reduced mortality associated with severe bacterial infection. investigating the effect of statins on the innate immune capacity of phagocytic cells against the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus, we uncovered a beneficial effect of statins on bacterial clearance by ... | 2010 | 21075355 |
| desiccation tolerance in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that not only causes a diverse array of human diseases, but also is able to survive in potentially dry and stressful environments, such as the human nose, on skin and on inanimate surfaces such as clothing and surfaces. this study investigated parameters governing desiccation tolerance of s. aureus and identified several components involved in the process. initially, the role of environmental parameters such as temperature, growth phase, ce ... | 2010 | 21088825 |
| effect of flash-heat treatment on antimicrobial activity of breastmilk. | abstract background and objectives: the world health organization recommends human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive mothers in resource-poor regions heat-treat expressed breastmilk during periods of increased maternal-to-child transmission risk. flash-heat, a "low tech" pasteurization method, inactivates hiv, but effects on milk protein bioactivity are unknown. the objectives were to measure flash-heat's effect on antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and whole milk and on the ... | 2010 | 21091243 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis inhibitors against staphylococcus aureus isolates. | staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of invasive and superficial human infections, is increasingly antibiotic resistant, and is therefore the target for the development of new antimicrobials. compounds (1835f03 and targocil) were recently shown to function as bacteriostatic inhibitors of wall teichoic acid (wta) biosynthesis in s. aureus. to assess the value of targeting wta biosynthesis in human infection, it was therefore of interest to verify the involvement of wta in bacterial binding ... | 2010 | 21098254 |
| antimicrobial phenalenone derivatives from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale. | the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale was isolated from the green alga enteromorpha sp. and found to produce the new phenalenone derivatives 1-7 as well as the known compounds lactone 8, (-) sclerodin (9), lamellicolic anhydride (10), (-) scleroderolide (11), and (-) sclerodione (12). the structures of these closely related compounds were established from extensive spectroscopic investigations on the basis of one and two dimensional nmr spectroscopic studies ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, noesy, h ... | 2010 | 21103541 |
| destructive pulmonary staphylococcal infection in a boy with hyper-ige syndrome: a novel mutation in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) gene (p.y657s). | hyper ige syndrome (hies) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder, characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections, and significantly elevated serum ige level. it was previously diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and laboratory markers that were not specific to the disease. recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) cause the autosomal dominant or sporadic hies, which make the disease definitively characte ... | 2010 | 21107604 |
| testing spatiotemporal hypothesis of bacterial evolution using methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st239 genome-wide data within a bayesian framework. | staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infections that has undergone rapid global spread over recent decades. formal phylogeographic methods have not yet been applied to the molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens because the limited genetic diversity of data sets based on individual genes usually results in poor phylogenetic resolution. here, we investigated a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data set of health care-associated methicillin-resistant s. aureus sequence ... | 2010 | 21112962 |
| phytochemical screening and modulation of antibiotic activity by ocimum gratissimum l. | escherichia coli is known to produce enterotoxins whose properties and its role in diarrheal disease has been extensively investigated. some species of staphylococcus are often recognized as etiological agents of many animal and human opportunistic infections. this study is the first test of change in resistance of antibiotic activity by ocimum gratissimum l. against multiresistant strains of e. coli and staphylococcus aureus. in this study, the hexane and methanol extract of o. gratissimum l. w ... | 2010 | 21115320 |
| daptomycin-induced eosinophilia without pulmonary involvement. | the case of a patient who developed peripheral eosinophilia associated with the use of daptomycin is described. | 2010 | 21116001 |
| clinical aspects and genetic analysis of taiwanese patients with the phenotype of hyper-immunoglobulin e recurrent infection syndromes (hies). | hyper-immunoglobulin e recurrent infection syndromes (hies) has characteristic features and identified mutations. this study investigated clinical features and causal candidate mutations in taiwanese patients with the hies phenotype on referral base over 23 million inhabitants. | 2010 | 21120687 |
| the heme sensing response regulator hssr in staphylococcus aureus but not the homologous rr23 in listeria monocytogenes modulates susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptide plectasin. | host defence peptides (hdps), also known as antimicrobial peptides (amps), have emerged as potential new therapeutics and their antimicrobial spectrum covers a wide range of target organisms. however, the mode of action and the genetics behind the bacterial response to hdps is incompletely understood and such knowledge is required to evaluate their potential as antimicrobial therapeutics. plectasin is a recently discovered hdp active against gram-positive bacteria with the human pathogen, staphy ... | 2010 | 21122114 |
| hypoxia selectively inhibits respiratory burst activity and killing of staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophils. | neutrophils play a central role in the innate immune response and a critical role in bacterial killing. most studies of neutrophil function have been conducted under conditions of ambient oxygen, but inflamed sites where neutrophils operate may be extremely hypoxic. previous studies indicate that neutrophils sense and respond to hypoxia via the ubiquitous prolyl hydroxylase/hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and that this can signal for enhanced survival. in the current study, human neutrophils we ... | 2010 | 21135168 |
| novel benzyl-substituted n-heterocyclic carbene-silver acetate complexes: synthesis, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies. | from the reaction of 1-methylimidazole (1a), 4,5-dichloro-1h-imidazole (1b(i)) and 1-methylbenzimidazole (1c) with p-cyanobenzyl bromide (2a), non-symmetrically substituted n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) [(3a-c)] precursors, 5,6-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazole (1d) and 4,5-diphenyl-1h-imidazole (1e) with p-cyanobenzyl bromide (2a) and benzyl bromide (2b), symmetrically substituted n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) [(3d-f)] precursors were synthesised. these nhc-precursors were then reacted with silver(i) ace ... | 2010 | 21135954 |
| epidural abscess t5t8 due to methicillin-resistent staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent patient. | a 28-year-old man was admitted with severe thoracic pain, a body temperature of 37.20, paraplegia and sphincter disturbances. mri revealed an epidural abscess t5t8. a decompressive laminectomy t5t8 was performed and the abscess was removed. a methicillin-resistent staphylococcus aureus was cultured. vancomycin was administered. six months later muscle testing showed values from 3/5 to 4/5. mri is the first choice diagnostic tool. laminectomy, drainage and intravenous antibiotics constitute the b ... | 2010 | 21138231 |