| molecular analysis of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalised patients in china. | cholera is still a significant public health issue in developing countries. the aetiological agent is vibrio cholerae and only two serogroups, o1 and o139, are known to cause pandemic or epidemic cholera. in contrast, non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae has only been reported to cause sporadic cholera-like illness and localised outbreaks. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae isolates from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients in zhejiang province, china. | 2013 | 23497008 |
| abundance and distribution of vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus following a major freshwater intrusion into the mississippi sound. | in response to a major influx of freshwater to the mississippi sound following the opening of the bonnet carre spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic vibrio species. salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). analyses of the data collected in 2011 sho ... | 2013 | 23494573 |
| evaluation of enteric-coated tablets as a whole cell inactivated vaccine candidate against vibrio cholerae. | a vaccine candidate against cholera was developed in the form of oral tablets to avoid difficulties during application exhibited by current whole cell inactivated cholera vaccines. in this study, enteric-coated tablets were used to improve the protection of the active compound from gastric acidity. tablets containing heat-killed whole cells of vibrio cholerae strain c7258 as the active pharmaceutical compound was enteric-coated with the polymer kollicoat(®) mae-100p, which protected them efficie ... | 2013 | 23492079 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1, non-o1 and non-o139 in tropical seafood in cochin, india. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of o1, o139, and non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae, which were associated with fresh and raw seafood samples harvested from cochin, india waters during 2009-2011. results from v. cholerae-specific biochemical, molecular, and serological assays identified five el tor v. cholerae o1 ogawa strains and 377 non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae strains from 265 seafood samples. v. cholerae o139 strains were not isolated. polymerase chain reaction a ... | 2013 | 23489050 |
| immunization with cholera toxin b subunit induces high-level protection in the suckling mouse model of cholera. | cholera toxin (ct) is the primary virulence factor responsible for severe cholera. vibrio cholerae strains unable to produce ct show severe attenuation of virulence in animals and humans. the pentameric b subunit of ct (ctb) contains the immunodominant epitopes recognized by antibodies that neutralize ct. although ctb is a potent immunogen and a promising protective vaccine antigen in animal models, immunization of humans with detoxified ct failed to protect against cholera. we recently demonstr ... | 2013 | 23468950 |
| delivery of immunogens to mucosal immune system using an oral inactivated cholera vaccine: a new approach for development of oral vaccines. | oral vaccines have several attractive features; however, due to several challenges, to date, only a limited number of oral vaccines are licensed. over the past two decades, several oral vehicle delivery systems have been developed to address these challenges and deliver antigens to the target cells in the mucosal immune system. while the size of vehicle delivery systems, the quantity of components in the vehicle formulation, the dose of administration, and even the type of animals species, are i ... | 2013 | 23466688 |
| large outbreak of cholera caused by el tor variant vibrio cholerae o1 in the eastern coast of odisha, india during 2009. | a large outbreak of cholera reported during april-july 2009 in the kendrapada district of odisha, india was investigated. forty-one rectal swabs and 41 water samples, collected from diarrhoeal patients and from different villages were bacteriologically analysed for the isolation of bacterial enteriopathogens, antibiogram profile and detection of various toxic genes. the bacteriological analysis of rectal swabs and environmental water samples revealed the presence of v. cholerae o1 ogawa biotype ... | 2013 | 23461927 |
| development of quinoline-based disruptors of biofilm formation against vibrio cholerae. | biofilm formation is a major cause of bacterial persistence in nosocomial infections, leading to extended treatment times and increased rates of morbidity and mortality. despite this, there are currently no biofilm inhibitors approved for clinical use. the synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of amino alcohol quinolines as lead compounds for the disruption of biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae is now reported. application of selective metal-halogen exchange chemistry installed both ... | 2013 | 23461487 |
| cholera outbreaks in nigeria are associated with multidrug resistant atypical el tor and non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae. | the current millennium has seen a steep rise in the number, size and case-fatalities of cholera outbreaks in many african countries. over 40,000 cases of cholera were reported from nigeria in 2010. variants of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype have emerged but very little is known about strains causing cholera outbreaks in west africa, which is crucial for the implementation of interventions to control epidemic cholera. | 2013 | 23459673 |
| fatal non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicaemia in a patient with chronic liver disease. | a 49-year-old male with underlying liver disease presented with fever and signs of sepsis. non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae was isolated from his blood culture, which was positive for the hlya and toxr genes. we report this fatal case of non-o1/non-o139 v. cholera sepsis and review the literature on non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae sepsis in patients with chronic liver disease. | 2013 | 23449872 |
| in-silico structural and functional characterization of a v. cholerae o395 hypothetical protein containing a pdz1 and an uncommon protease domain. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of epidemic cholera, has been a constant source of concern for decades. it has constantly evolved itself in order to survive the changing environment. acquisition of new genetic elements through genomic islands has played a major role in its evolutionary process. in this present study a hypothetical protein was identified which was present in one of the predicted genomic island regions of the large chromosome of v. cholerae o395 showing a strong homology with ... | 2013 | 23441214 |
| proteins secreted via the type ii secretion system: smart strategies of vibrio cholerae to maintain fitness in different ecological niches. | | 2013 | 23436993 |
| central metabolism controls transcription of a virulence gene regulator in vibrio cholerae. | toxt is the central regulatory protein involved in activation of the main virulence genes in vibrio cholerae. we have identified transposon insertions in central metabolism genes, whose disruption increases toxt transcription. these disrupted genes encode the primary respiration-linked sodium pump (nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or nqr) and certain tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle enzymes. observations made following stimulation of respiration in the nqr mutant or chemical inhibition of nqr activi ... | 2013 | 23429745 |
| characterizing the hexose-6-phosphate transport system of vibrio cholerae, a utilization system for carbon and phosphate sources. | the facultative human pathogen vibrio cholerae transits between the gastrointestinal tract of its host and aquatic reservoirs. v. cholerae adapts to different situations by the timely coordinated expression of genes during its life cycle. we recently identified a subclass of genes that are induced at late stages of infection. initial characterization demonstrated that some of these genes facilitate the transition of v. cholerae from host to environmental conditions. among these genes are uptake ... | 2013 | 23417487 |
| [cellulitis and severe sepsis due to non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1]. | | 2013 | 23414964 |
| anion inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. | an α-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) has been recently cloned and characterized in the human pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, denominated vchca (del prete et al. j. med. chem.2012, 55, 10742). this enzyme shows a good catalytic activity for the co2 hydration reaction, comparable to that of the human (h) isoform hca i. many inorganic anions and several small molecules were investigated as vchca inhibitors. inorganic anions such as cyanate, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfite, and ... | 2013 | 23414807 |
| genome sequence of non-o1 vibrio cholerae ps15. | the draft genome sequence of a non-o1 vibrio cholerae strain, ps15, organized into 3,512 open reading frames within a 3.9-mb genome, was determined. the ps15 genome sequence will allow for the study of the evolution of virulence and environmental adaptation in v. cholerae. | 2013 | 23409261 |
| indigenous vibrio cholerae strains from a non-endemic region are pathogenic. | of the 200+ serogroups of vibrio cholerae, only o1 or o139 strains are reported to cause cholera, and mostly in endemic regions. cholera outbreaks elsewhere are considered to be via importation of pathogenic strains. using established animal models, we show that diverse v. cholerae strains indigenous to a non-endemic environment (sydney, australia), including non-o1/o139 serogroup strains, are able to both colonize the intestine and result in fluid accumulation despite lacking virulence factors ... | 2013 | 23407641 |
| genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae isolates based on triple housekeeping gene analysis. | sequence analysis of dnae, hlya, and asd housekeeping genes were used to determine the genetic relatedness of our collection of vibrio cholerae isolated from patients and surface waters over a 5-year period in iran. the results showed 41, 17, and 9 variable sites throughout the sequenced fragments of dnae (837 bp), hlya (495 bp), and asd (295 bp), respectively. the results from sequence typing showed that all our clinical isolates were grouped in the same cluster. eleven genotypes were identifie ... | 2013 | 23397220 |
| vibrio cholerae exploits sub-lethal concentrations of a competitor-produced antibiotic to avoid toxic interactions. | vibrio cholerae is a human pathogenic marine bacterium inhabiting coastal regions and is vectored into human food and water supplies via attachment to particles including detritus, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. particle colonization by the pathogen is inhibited by an antagonistic interaction with the particle-associated vibrionales bacterium swat3, a producer of the antibiotic andrimid. by analyzing the individual movement behaviors of v. cholerae exposed to a gradient of andrimid in a microfl ... | 2013 | 23386845 |
| exoproteome and secretome derived broad spectrum novel drug and vaccine candidates in vibrio cholerae targeted by piper betel derived compounds. | vibrio cholerae is the causal organism of the cholera epidemic, which is mostly prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries. however, incidences of cholera in developed countries are also alarming. because of the emergence of new drug-resistant strains, even though several generic drugs and vaccines have been developed over time, vibrio infections remain a global health problem that appeals for the development of novel drugs and vaccines against the pathogen. here, applying comparative ... | 2013 | 23382822 |
| multiplex electrochemical genosensor for identifying toxigenic vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | we developed a multiplex enzyme-based electrochemical genosensor for sequence-specific detection of multiplex linear-after-the-exponential-pcr amplicons that targeted toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 using novel screen-printed gold electrode bisensors. | 2013 | 23370051 |
| identification of t6ss-dependent effector and immunity proteins by tn-seq in vibrio cholerae. | type vi protein secretion system (t6ss) is important for bacterial competition through contact-dependent killing of competitors. t6ss delivers effectors to neighboring cells and corresponding antagonistic proteins confer immunity against effectors that are delivered by sister cells. although t6ss has been found in more than 100 gram-negative bacteria including many important human pathogens, few t6ss-dependent effector and immunity proteins have been experimentally determined. here we report a h ... | 2013 | 23362380 |
| pandemic serotypes of vibrio cholerae isolated from ships' ballast tanks and coastal waters: assessment of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes (tcpa and ctxa). | there is concern that ships' ballasting operations may disseminate vibrio cholerae to ports throughout the world. given evidence that the bacterium is indeed transported by ships, we isolated pandemic serotypes o1 and o139 from ballast tanks and characterized them with respect to antibiotic resistance and virulence genes ctxa and tcpa. we carried out concurrent studies with v. cholerae isolated from coastal waters. of 284 isolates, 30 were serotype o1 and 59 were serotype o139. these serotypes w ... | 2013 | 23361528 |
| antibacterial activity of sonoran propolis and some of its constituents against clinically significant vibrio species. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-vibrio activity of propolis collected from three different areas of the sonoran desert in northwestern, mexico [pueblo de alamos (pap), ures (up), and caborca (cp)]. the anti-vibrio spp. activity of sonoran propolis was determined by the broth microdilution method. up propolis showed the highest antibacterial activity [minimal inhibitory concentration (mic(50))<50 μg ml(-1)] against vibrio spp. (up>cp>pap). up propolis significantly inhibited ... | 2013 | 23351031 |
| design of a multiplex pcr method for detection of toxigenic-pathogenic in vibrio cholerae. | to study virulence and regulatory genes (hlya, ctxb, tcpi) in clinical strains of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae), simultaneously. | 2013 | 23339912 |
| adhesion and cellsurface properties of wild species of spore formers against enteric pathogens. | to investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties against enteric pathogens salmonella typhi, salmonella para typhi a and vibrio cholera. | 2013 | 23339911 |
| vibrio cholerae classical biotype is converted to the viable non-culturable state when cultured with the el tor biotype. | a unique event in bacterial epidemiology was the emergence of the el tor biotype of vibrio cholerae o1 and the subsequent rapid displacement of the existing classical biotype as the predominant cause of epidemic cholera. we demonstrate that when the el tor and classical biotypes were cocultured in standard laboratory medium a precipitous decline in colony forming units (cfu) of the classical biotype occurred in a contact dependent manner. several lines of evidence including dna release, microsco ... | 2013 | 23326443 |
| molecular characterization of high-level-cholera-toxin-producing el tor variant vibrio cholerae strains in the zanzibar archipelago of tanzania. | analysis of 1,180 diarrheal stool samples in zanzibar detected 247 vibrio cholerae o1, ogawa strains in 2009. phenotypic traits and pcr-based detection of rstr, rtxc, and tcpa alleles showed that they belonged to the el tor biotype. genetic analysis of ctxb of these strains revealed that they were classical type, and production of classical cholera toxin b (ctb) was confirmed by western blotting. these strains produced more ct than the prototype el tor and formed a separate cluster by pulsed-fie ... | 2013 | 23325815 |
| management of acute diarrhea in adults in china: a cross-sectional survey. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the management of acute adult diarrhea in china and assess adherence of clinical practice to national guidelines and 2012 world gastroenterology organization guidelines. | 2013 | 23324386 |
| drug response and genetic properties of vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in north-eastern thailand, 2003-2011. | cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, including thailand. representative v. cholerae strains associated with endemic cholera (n = 32), including strains (n = 3) from surface water sources, in khon kaen, thailand (2003-2011), were subjected to microbiological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. according to phenotypic and related genetic data, all tested v. cholerae strains belonged to serogroup o1, biotype el tor (et), inaba (in) or ogawa ... | 2013 | 23319310 |
| cholera surveillance during the haiti epidemic--the first 2 years. | in october 2010, nearly 10 months after a devastating earthquake, haiti was stricken by epidemic cholera. within days after detection, the ministry of public health and population established a national cholera surveillance system (ncss). | 2013 | 23301694 |
| toxr recognizes a direct repeat element in the toxt, ompu, ompt, and ctxa promoters of vibrio cholerae to regulate transcription. | toxr facilitates tcpp-mediated activation of the toxt promoter in vibrio cholerae, initiating a regulatory cascade that culminates in cholera toxin secretion and toxin coregulated pilus expression. toxr binds a region from -104 to -68 of the toxt promoter, from which toxr recruits tcpp to the tcpp-binding site from -53 to -38. to precisely define the toxr-binding site within the toxt promoter, promoter derivatives with single-base-pair transversions spanning the toxr-footprinted region were test ... | 2013 | 23297386 |
| clpv recycles vipa/vipb tubules and prevents non-productive tubule formation to ensure efficient type vi protein secretion. | the multicomponent type vi secretion system (t6ss) mediates the transport of effector proteins by puncturing target membranes. t6sss are suggested to form a contractile nanomachine, functioning similar to the cell-puncturing device of tailed bacteriophages. the t6ss members vipa/vipb form tubular complexes and are predicted to function in analogy to viral tail sheath proteins by providing the energy for secretion via contraction. the atpase clpv disassembles vipa/vipb tubules in vitro, but the p ... | 2013 | 23289512 |
| virulence and multidrug resistance patterns of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from diarrheal outbreaks of south india during 2006-2009. | a total of 31 vibrio cholerae o1 (4- inaba and 27- ogawa serotype) isolates collected during a three-year period (2006-2009) from acute diarrheal cases in tamil nadu, india were analyzed for antibiotic resistance profiling, virulence-associated factors, genetic profiling by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (eric pcr), and biofilm-forming ability. antibiotic resistance profile revealed that most of the strains have become multidrug-resistant strai ... | 2013 | 23289410 |
| survivability of vibrio cholerae o1 in cooked rice, coffee, and tea. | this study aimed to investigate the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice, oryza sativa l., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee, coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea, camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°c). the survival of v. cholerae o1 was determined by spread plate method on tcbs agar. ... | 2013 | 26904604 |
| cholera outbreaks in urban bangladesh in 2011. | in 2011, a multidisciplinary team investigated two diarrhoea outbreaks affecting urban bangladeshi communities from the districts of bogra and kishorganj to identify etiology, pathways of transmission, and factors contributing to these outbreaks. | 2017 | 26702366 |
| architecture of the superintegron in vibrio cholerae: identification of core and unique genes. | vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is indigenous to aquatic environments. the v. cholerae genome consists of two chromosomes; the smallest of these harbors a large gene capture and excision system called the superintegron (si), of ~120 kbp. the flexible nature of the si that results from gene cassette capture, deletion and rearrangement is thought to make it a hotspot of v. cholerae diversity, but beyond the basic structure it is not clear if there is a core genome in the si and if ... | 2013 | 25580216 |
| cell polarity: para-logs gather around the hub. | the chromosomal origin, chemotaxis arrays and flagellum of vibrio cholerae congregate at the same pole of the cell. how? a recent study identifies a new pole-organizing protein, hubp, that recruits members of the para family of spatial regulators of subcellular structures to the pole. | 2012 | 23257194 |
| genomic correlates of variability in immune response to an oral cholera vaccine. | cholera is endemic to many countries. recent major outbreaks of cholera have prompted world health organization to recommend oral cholera vaccination as a public-health strategy. variation in percentage of seroconversion upon cholera vaccination has been recorded across populations. vaccine-induced responses are influenced by host genetic differences. we have investigated association between single-nucleotide polymorphic (snp) loci in and around 296 immunologically relevant genes and total anti- ... | 2013 | 23249958 |
| o antigen is the receptor of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 el tor typing phage vp4. | bacteriophage vp4 is a lytic phage of the vibrio cholerae serogroup o1, and it is used in phage subtyping of v. cholerae biotype el tor. studies of phage infection mechanisms will promote the understanding of the basis of phage subtyping as well as the genetic differences between sensitive and resistant strains. in this study, we investigated the receptor that phage vp4 uses to bind to el tor strains of v. cholerae and found that it infects strains through adsorbing the o antigen of v. cholerae ... | 2013 | 23222721 |
| functional mapping of the lectin activity site on the β-prism domain of vibrio cholerae cytolysin: implications for the membrane pore-formation mechanism of the toxin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a prominent member in the family of β-barrel pore-forming toxins. it induces lysis of target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel channels. vcc also exhibits prominent lectin-like activity in interacting with β1-galactosyl-terminated glycoconjugates. apart from the cytolysin domain, vcc harbors two lectin-like domains: the β-trefoil and the β-prism domains; however, precise contribution of these domains in the lectin property of vcc is ... | 2013 | 23209283 |
| genome sequence of the human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus type strain atcc 27562. | vibrio vulnificus, which is, like vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen of humankind, is a gram-negative, curved, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium [corrected] here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain, atcc 27562, which was the first isolated vibrio vulnificus strain. | 2012 | 23209214 |
| genome sequence and comparative genomics analysis of a vibrio cholerae o1 strain isolated from a cholera patient in malaysia. | the genome sequence analysis of a clinical vibrio cholerae vc35 strain from an outbreak case in malaysia indicates multiple genes involved in host adaptation and a novel na(+)-driven multidrug efflux pump-coding gene in the genome of vibrio cholerae with the highest similarity to vma_001754 of vibrio mimicus vma223. | 2012 | 23209200 |
| development and evaluation of a highly sensitive immunochromatographic strip test using gold nanoparticle for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 in seafood samples. | a strip test for the detection of vibrio cholerae o139 was developed using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), namely vc-273 and vc-812, which specifically bind to the lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide of v. cholerae o139. the mab vc-273 gold nanoparticle conjugate was sprayed onto a glass fiber pad that was placed adjacent to a sample chamber. mab vc-812 and the goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin g (gam) antibody were sprayed onto a nitrocellulose membrane in strips at positions designat ... | 2013 | 23208091 |
| lysr family activator-regulated major facilitator superfamily transporters are involved in vibrio cholerae antimicrobial compound resistance and intestinal colonisation. | expression of a multidrug resistance transporter renders bacterial cells resistant to a variety of drugs. the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) comprises the largest group of bacterial multidrug transporters. there are over 20 mfs efflux pumps annotated on the genome of vibrio cholerae, but little is known about their functions and regulation. in this study, five mfs efflux pumps were characterised, each of which is associated with a divergently transcribed putative lysr-type transcriptional r ... | 2013 | 23201336 |
| septicemia due to vibrio cholerae serogroup non-o1/non-o139 strain in a cirrhotic patient. | we describe a case of non-o1/ non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a 65-year-old male patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. he was admitted due to septic shock from non-o1/ non-o139 v. cholerae. an intravenous empiric antibiotic, ceftriaxone sodium hydrate, was administered together with amikacin sulfate, gamma globulin and dopamine. he was discharged feeling well 17 days after admission. poor host defense mechanisms as seen in cirrhotic patients seem to be a determinant for systemic infecti ... | 2012 | 26181318 |
| anti-bacterial and anti-toxic immunity induced by a killed whole-cell-cholera toxin b subunit cholera vaccine is essential for protection against lethal bacterial infection in mouse pulmonary cholera model. | the lack of appropriate animal model for studying protective immunity has limited vaccine development against cholera. here, we demonstrate a pulmonary cholera model conferred by intranasal administration of mice with live vibrio cholerae. the bacterial components, but not cholera toxin, caused lethal and acute pneumonia by inducing massive inflammation. intranasal immunization with dukoral, comprising killed whole bacteria and recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (rctb), developed both mucosal a ... | 2013 | 23187318 |
| vibrio cholerae in an historically cholera-free country. | we report the autochthonous existence of vibrio cholerae in coastal waters of iceland, a geothermally active country where cholera is absent and has never been reported. seawater, mussel, and macroalgae samples were collected close to and distant from sites where geothermal activity causes a significant increase in water temperature during low tides. v. cholerae was detected only at geothermal-influenced sites during low-tides. none of the v. cholerae isolates encoded cholera toxin (ctxab) and a ... | 2012 | 23185212 |
| identification of a his-asp-cys catalytic triad essential for function of the rho inactivation domain (rid) of vibrio cholerae martx toxin. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. for v. cholerae to colonize the intestinal epithelium, accessory toxins such as the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx(vc)) toxin are required. martx toxins are composite toxins comprised of arrayed effector domains that carry out distinct functions inside the host cell. among the three effector domains of martx(vc) is the rho inactivation domain (rid(vc)) known to cause cell rounding through inac ... | 2013 | 23184949 |
| dna cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. | we have cloned, purified, and characterized an α-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from the human pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, vchca. the new enzyme has significant catalytic activity, and an inhibition study with sulfonamides and sulfamates led to the detection of a large number of low nanomolar inhibitors, among which are methazolamide, acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, benzolamide, and indisulam (ki values in the range 0.69-8.1 nm). as bicarbonate is a virule ... | 2012 | 23181552 |
| resistance to ceftriaxone in vibrio cholerae. | | 2012 | 23168710 |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae causing outbreaks & sporadic cholera in northern india. | several outbreaks of cholera have been reported in chandigarh region during a span of seven years from 2002-2008. the genetic characteristics of vibrio cholerae isolates obtained during these outbreaks have not been adequately studied. the aim of this study was to do molecular typing of v. cholerae isolated from the sporadic and outbreak cases by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), rep-pcr and ribotyping. | 2012 | 23168707 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 bacteremia in a non-traveler portuguese cirrhotic patient: first case report. | bacteremia due to vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 is a rare condition and potentially fatal. we report a case of bacteremia due to v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 in a portuguese male with hepatitis c cirrhosis, admitted due to acute diarrhea, after consuming shrimp. he had no recent travels. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bacteremia due to v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 in portugal. | 2013 | 23164747 |
| efficacy of cocktail phage therapy in treating vibrio cholerae infection in rabbit model. | ability of a cocktail of five lytic vibriophages to combatting vibrio cholerae o1 infection in rabbit model was examined. in one group, rabbits were administered 1 × 10(8) plaque forming unit of phage cocktail 6 and 12 h prior to the administration of v. cholerae o1, while in the other group, same procedure was applied 6 and 12 h post infection. it was observed that oral administration of the phage cocktail after oral bacterial challenge lowered the shedding of bacteria significantly (p < 0.01). ... | 2013 | 23159467 |
| molecular characterization of aeromonas spp. and vibrio cholerae o1 isolated during a diarrhea outbreak. | this work aimed to assess pathogenic potential and clonal relatedness of aeromonas sp. and vibrio cholerae isolates recovered during a diarrhea outbreak in brazil. clinical and environmental isolates were investigated for the presence of known pathogenic genes and clonal relatedness was assessed by intergenic spacer region (isr) 16s-23s amplification. four aeromonas genes (lip, exu, gcat, flaa/b) were found at high overall frequency in both clinical and environmental isolates although the lip ge ... | 2012 | 23152310 |
| disulfide bond formation and toxr activity in vibrio cholerae. | virulence factor production in vibrio cholerae is complex, with toxrs being an important part of the regulatory cascade. additionally, toxr is the transcriptional regulator for the genes encoding the major outer membrane porins ompu and ompt. toxr is a transmembrane protein and contains two cysteine residues in the periplasmic domain. this study addresses the influence of the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase system dsbab, toxr cysteine residues and toxr/toxs interaction on toxr activity. the resul ... | 2012 | 23144706 |
| characterization of brer interaction with the bile response promoters breab and brer in vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio cholerae brer protein is a transcriptional repressor of the breab efflux system operon, which encodes proteins involved in bile resistance. in a previous study (f. a. cerda-maira, c. s. ringelberg, and r. k. taylor, j. bacteriol. 190:7441-7452, 2008), we used gel mobility shift assays to determine that brer binds at two independent binding sites at the breab promoter and a single site at its own promoter. here it is shown, by dnase i footprinting and site-directed mutagenesis, that br ... | 2013 | 23144245 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray structure analysis of vibrio cholerae uridine phosphorylase in complex with thymidine. | a high-resolution structure of the complex of vibrio cholerae uridine phosphorylase (vchuph) with its physiological ligand thymidine is important in order to determine the mechanism of the substrate specificity of the enzyme and for the rational design of pharmacological modulators. here, the expression and purification of vchuph and the crystallization of its complex with thymidine are reported. conditions for crystallization were determined with an automated cartesian dispensing system using t ... | 2012 | 23143257 |
| cholera gravis associated with acute renal failure in a traveler from haiti to the united states. | cholera is a gastroenteric disease caused by epidemic or pandemic vibrio cholerae which still is responsible for over 100,000 annual deaths worldwide. since october 2010, haiti experienced a cholera outbreak affecting more than 300,000 persons. few imported cases related to the haitian epidemic have been reported so far in the united states and canada. we presented a patient who developed cholera gravis soon after arrival at new york city from haiti. the patient needed admission to an intensive ... | 2012 | 23137437 |
| isolation and characterization of protective anti-lps nanobody against v. cholerae o1 recognizing inaba and ogawa serotypes. | vibrio cholerae is considered one of the major health threats in developing countries. lack of efficient vaccine, short incubating time of the disease, and bacterium ability to survive in aquatic environment have made cholera one of the most epidemic diseases yet known. the lipopolysaccharide is one of the bacterium key antigens used to classify v. cholerae into 206 serogroups. v. cholerae serogroup o1 is a causative agent of all cholera pandemics. research has shown that anti-lipopolysaccharide ... | 2013 | 23135228 |
| integrative mobile elements exploiting xer recombination. | integrative mobile genetic elements directly participate in the rapid response of bacteria to environmental challenges. they generally encode their own dedicated recombination machineries. ctxφ, a filamentous bacteriophage that harbors the genes encoding cholera toxin in vibrio cholerae provided the first notable exception to this rule: it hijacks xerc and xerd, two chromosome-encoded tyrosine recombinases for lysogenic conversion. xerc and xerd are highly conserved in bacteria because of their r ... | 2013 | 23127381 |
| effect of water treatment on the growth potential of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater. | in laboratory experiments we added vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus to bottles with seawater previously treated by filtration, uv, chlorine or ozone. the purpose was to investigate the influence of different treatment techniques on the growth potential of these bacteria in simulated ballast water tanks. residual oxidants were removed before inoculation, and the bottles were incubated at 21 ± 1 °c. the growth potential of the vibrios was investigated in two different experimental setup ... | 2013 | 23127287 |
| a predictive model of vibrio cholerae for combined temperature and organic nutrient in aquatic environments. | to develop a predictive model for vibrio cholerae in sea water. | 2013 | 23126672 |
| development of a groel gene-based species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. | to develop an effective multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of three important vibrio species, vibrio cholerae (vc), v. parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) using the groel gene, a potential phylogenetic marker. | 2013 | 23121500 |
| study of avidity of antigen-specific antibody as a means of understanding development of long-term immunological memory after vibrio cholerae o1 infection. | the avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory b cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. we measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) and vibrio cholerae o1 lipopolysaccharide (lps) in bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n = 30), as well as vaccinees (n = 30) after administration of two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine. we assessed antibody a ... | 2013 | 23114701 |
| a single native ganglioside gm1-binding site is sufficient for cholera toxin to bind to cells and complete the intoxication pathway. | cholera toxin (ct) from vibrio cholerae is responsible for the majority of the symptoms of the diarrheal disease cholera. ct is a heterohexameric protein complex with a 240-residue a subunit and a pentameric b subunit of identical 103-residue b polypeptides. the a subunit is proteolytically cleaved within a disulfide-linked loop to generate the a1 and a2 fragments. the b subunit of wild-type (wt) ct binds 5 cell surface ganglioside gm(1) (gm(1)) molecules, and the toxin-gm(1) complex traffics fr ... | 2012 | 23111873 |
| the transcriptional landscape of the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum in both a toxr mutant and its parental strain. | the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium profundum is an established model for studying high pressure adaptation. in this paper we analyse the parental strain db110 and the toxr mutant tw30 by massively parallel cdna sequencing (rna-seq). toxr is a transmembrane dna-binding protein first discovered in vibrio cholerae, where it regulates a considerable number of genes involved in environmental adaptation and virulence. in p. profundum the abundance and activity of this protein is influenced by hydro ... | 2012 | 23107454 |
| quantitative microbial risk assessment of pathogenic vibrios in marine recreational waters of southern california. | this study investigated the occurrence of three types of vibrios in southern california recreational beach waters during the peak marine bathing season in 2007. over 160 water samples were concentrated and enriched for the detection of vibrios. four sets of pcr primers, specific for vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus species and the v. parahaemolyticus toxin gene, respectively, were used for the amplification of bacterial genomic dna. of 66 samples from doheny state beach, c ... | 2013 | 23104412 |
| transcriptomic profiling of the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus opens a window on the evolutionary dynamics of the small rna repertoire in the vibrio genus. | work in recent years has led to the recognition of the importance of small regulatory rnas (srnas) in bacterial regulation networks. new high-throughput sequencing technologies are paving the way to the exploration of an expanding srna world in nonmodel bacteria. in the vibrio genus, compared to the enterobacteriaceae, still a limited number of srnas have been characterized, mostly in vibrio cholerae, where they have been shown to be important for virulence, as well as in vibrio harveyi. in addi ... | 2012 | 23097430 |
| presence of sxt integrating conjugative element in marine bacteria isolated from the mucus of the coral fungia echinata from andaman sea. | in this study, we characterize 18 cultivable bacteria associated within the mucus of the coral fungia echinata from andaman sea, india. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that all the 18 strains isolated in this study from the coral mucus belong to the group gammaproteobacteria and majority of them were identified as vibrio core group. our objective was to investigate the presence of the sxt/r391 integrating conjugative elements (ices) targeting integrase int(sxt) and sxt hotspot iv genetic ... | 2013 | 23083057 |
| investigation into immunological responses against a native recombinant ctb whole-cell vibrio cholerae vaccine in a rabbit model. | the aim of this study was to express and purify the recombinant ctb (rctb) protein from vibrio cholerae and investigate the biological and immunological characteristics of purified protein in rabbit animal model and in combination with iranian inactivated v. cholerae whole cells as a domestic recombinant wc-ctb vaccine. | 2013 | 23082752 |
| phage-bacterial interactions in the evolution of toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | understanding the genetic and ecological factors which support the emergence of new clones of pathogenic bacteria is vital to develop preventive measures. vibrio cholerae the causative agent of cholera epidemics represents a paradigm for this process in that this organism evolved from environmental non-pathogenic strains by acquisition of virulence genes. the major virulence factors of v. cholerae, cholera toxin (ct) and toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) are encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (ctx ... | 2012 | 23076327 |
| review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come? | cholera, an ancient scourge, continues to inflict high rates of mortality today. the rising incidence of epidemics in areas of poor sanitation and crowding highlight the need for better epidemic prevention and early response. such interventions require the availability of rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques to trigger timely response and mitigate the scale of the outbreak. the current gold standard of bacterial culture is inadequate for rapid diagnosis, highlighting the overarching neglect ... | 2012 | 23071851 |
| a multidomain hub anchors the chromosome segregation and chemotactic machinery to the bacterial pole. | the cell poles constitute key subcellular domains that are often critical for motility, chemotaxis, and chromosome segregation in rod-shaped bacteria. however, in nearly all rods, the processes that underlie the formation, recognition, and perpetuation of the polar domains are largely unknown. here, in vibrio cholerae, we identified hubp (hub of the pole), a polar transmembrane protein conserved in all vibrios, that anchors three para-like atpases to the cell poles and, through them, controls po ... | 2012 | 23070816 |
| ndm-1 polymicrobial infections including vibrio cholerae. | | 2012 | 23063285 |
| a bacterial hemerythrin domain regulates the activity of a vibrio cholerae diguanylate cyclase. | the first demonstrated example of a regulatory function for a bacterial hemerythrin (bhr) domain is reported. bhrs have a characteristic sequence motif providing ligand residues for a type of non-heme diiron site that is known to bind o(2) and undergo autoxidation. the amino acid sequence encoded by the vc1216 gene from vibrio cholerae o1 biovar el tor str. n16961 contains an n-terminal bhr domain connected to a c-terminal domain characteristic of bacterial diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) that catal ... | 2012 | 23057727 |
| re-emergence of cholera in the americas: risks, susceptibility, and ecology. | the re-emergence of cholera in haiti has established a new reservoir for the seventh cholera pandemic which threatens to spread to other countries in the americas. | 2012 | 23055647 |
| dynamics of classical-el tor switch of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from 1961-2010. | | 2012 | 23046757 |
| the vibrio cholerae trh gene is coordinately regulated in vitro with type iii secretion system genes by vttr(a)/vttr(b) but does not contribute to caco2-bbe cell cytotoxicity. | numerous virulence factors have been associated with pathogenic non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strains of vibrio cholerae. among them are the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and the tdh-related hemolysin (trh), which share amino acid similarities to the tdh and trh proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus, where they have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis. although tdh and trh homologs can be encoded on extrachromosomal elements in v. cholerae, type iii secretion system (t3ss)-positive strains, ... | 2012 | 23045478 |
| risk reduction assessment of waterborne salmonella and vibrio by a chlorine contact disinfectant point-of-use device. | unsafe drinking water continues to burden developing countries despite improvements in clean water delivery and sanitation, in response to millennium development goal 7. salmonella serotype typhi and vibrio cholerae bacteria can contaminate drinking water, causing waterborne typhoid fever and cholera, respectively. household water treatment (hwt) systems are widely promoted to consumers in developing countries but it is difficult to establish their benefits to the population for specific disease ... | 2013 | 23041054 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae unlinked to cholera in haiti. | | 2012 | 23035253 |
| distribution of potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in coastal sea waters along the southern kerala coast, india. | this study evaluated the relationship between the traditional indicators of faecal pollution, total coliforms (tc), faecal coliforms (fc) and faecalstreptococci (fs), and the presence of few potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria, vibrio cholerae (vc), vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp), shigella spp. (sh) and salmonella spp. (sl) in coastal sea water. the distributional statuses of these bacteria were also studied along the southern kerala coast. cluster analyses were done to identify similar groups ... | 2012 | 23033645 |
| cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of two low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases from vibrio cholerae. | low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (lmwptps) are small cytoplasmic enzymes of molecular weight ∼18 kda that belong to the large family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps). despite their wide distribution in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, their exact biological role in bacterial systems is not yet clear. two low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (vclmwptp-1 and vclmwptp-2) from the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae have been cloned, overexpressed, purified ... | 2012 | 23027748 |
| establishment and characterization of an epithelial cell line from thymus of catla catla (hamilton, 1822). | a cell line, cte, derived from catla (catla catla) thymus has been established by explant method and subcultured for more than 70 passages over a period of 400 days. the cell line has been maintained in l-15 (leibovitz) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. cte cell line consists of homogeneous population of epithelial-like cells and grows optimally at 28°c. karyotype analysis revealed that the modal chromosome number of cte cells was 50. partial amplification, sequencing and alignmen ... | 2013 | 23026220 |
| activation of cholera toxin production by anaerobic respiration of trimethylamine n-oxide in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cholera. although the pathogenesis caused by this deadly pathogen takes place in the intestine, commonly thought to be anaerobic, anaerobiosis-induced virulence regulations are not fully elucidated. anerobic growth of the v. cholerae strain, n16961, was promoted when trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) was used as an alternative electron acceptor. strikingly, cholera toxin (ct) production was markedly induced during anaerobic tmao respiration. n ... | 2012 | 23019319 |
| preventing maritime transfer of toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | organisms, including vibrio cholerae, can be transferred between harbors in the ballast water of ships. zones in the caribbean region where distance from shore and water depth meet international maritime organization guidelines for ballast water exchange are extremely limited. use of ballast water treatment systems could mitigate the risk for organism transfer. | 2012 | 23017338 |
| metr-regulated vibrio cholerae metabolism is required for virulence. | lysr-type transcriptional regulators (lttrs) are the largest, most diverse family of prokaryotic transcription factors, with regulatory roles spanning metabolism, cell growth and division, and pathogenesis. using a sequence-defined transposon mutant library, we screened a panel of v. cholerae el tor mutants to identify lttrs required for host intestinal colonization. surprisingly, out of 38 lttrs, only one severely affected intestinal colonization in the suckling mouse model of cholera: the meth ... | 2012 | 23015737 |
| the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in some ships' ballast water incoming from various marine regions to the sea of marmara, turkey. | the composition and frequency of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria, the abundance of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (hpc) and possible in-situ use of chromogenic agar were investigated in the ships' ballast water coming from different regions of the world to the sea of marmara, turkey for the first time. the samples that were taken from 21 unit ships coming from various marine environments of the southern china sea, the atlantic ocean, the mediterranean and the black sea to the sea of ... | 2012 | 22998778 |
| comparison of immune responses to the o-specific polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1 in bangladeshi adult patients with cholera. | immunity against vibrio cholerae o1 is serogroup specific, and serogrouping is defined by the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) part of lipopolysaccharide (lps). despite this, human immune responses to v. cholerae osp have not previously been characterized. we assessed immune responses against v. cholerae osp in adults with cholera caused by v. cholerae o1 el tor serotype inaba or ogawa in dhaka, bangladesh, using o1 osp-core-bovine serum albumin (ospc:bsa) conjugates; responses targeted osp in th ... | 2012 | 22993410 |
| structural insight into the isc domain of vibb from vibrio cholerae at atomic resolution: a snapshot just before the enzymatic reaction. | the n-terminal isochorismatase (isc) domain of vibb (vibb-isc) catalyzes the vinyl ether hydrolysis of isochorismate to 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and pyruvate. structures of the isc domain and its complex with isochorismate have been determined at 1.35 and 1.10 å resolution, respectively. two catalytic waters which were absent from previously reported homologous structures were observed adjacent to isochorismate and the catalytic residues (asp35 and lys118) in the vibb-isc complex. molec ... | 2012 | 22993087 |
| genetic characteristics of drug-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 causing endemic cholera in dhaka, 2006-2011. | vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor (et), causing the seventh cholera pandemic, was recently replaced in bangladesh by an altered et possessing ctxb of the classical (cl) biotype, which caused the first six cholera pandemics. in the present study, v. cholerae o1 strains associated with endemic cholera in dhaka between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for major phenotypic and genetic characteristics. of 54 representative v. cholerae isolates tested, all were phenotypically et and showed uniform resistan ... | 2012 | 22977073 |
| frequency of reexposure to vibrio cholerae o1 evaluated by subsequent vibriocidal titer rise after an episode of severe cholera in a highly endemic area in bangladesh. | vibriocidal antibody is a marker of recent exposure to vibrio cholerae o1 infection. we examined vibriocidal titers for 1 year after an episode of severe cholera in patients in dhaka, bangladesh; 16 of 53 (30%) patients had a fourfold or greater increase in vibriocidal titer between 6 and 12 months after an episode of severe cholera, suggesting reexposure to the organism. among patients with rises in titers during follow-up, the patients initially infected with serotype ogawa had earlier rises i ... | 2012 | 22964723 |
| high depth, whole-genome sequencing of cholera isolates from haiti and the dominican republic. | whole-genome sequencing is an important tool for understanding microbial evolution and identifying the emergence of functionally important variants over the course of epidemics. in october 2010, a severe cholera epidemic began in haiti, with additional cases identified in the neighboring dominican republic. we used whole-genome approaches to sequence four vibrio cholerae isolates from haiti and the dominican republic and three additional v. cholerae isolates to a high depth of coverage (>2000x); ... | 2012 | 22963323 |
| cholera outbreak in senegal in 2005: was climate a factor? | cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by vibrio cholerae and occurs as widespread epidemics in africa. in 2005, there were 31,719 cholera cases, with 458 deaths in the republic of senegal. we retrospectively investigated the climate origin of the devastating floods in mid-august 2005, in the dakar region of senegal and the subsequent outbreak of cholera along with the pattern of cholera outbreaks in three other regions of that country. we compared rainfall patterns between 2002 and 2005 a ... | 2012 | 22952995 |
| investigation of real-time photorepair activity on dna via surface plasmon resonance. | the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and 6-4 lesion formations along with the specific breaks on strands are the most common type of dna damage caused by ultraviolet light (uv) irradiation. cpd photolyase i and ii construct two subfamilies of flavoproteins, which have recognition and repair capabilities of cpd sites on both single stranded (ssdna) and double stranded dna (dsdna) with the aid of blue light energy. the other types of flavoprotein family consist of cryptochromes (cry) that act as ... | 2012 | 22952969 |
| immune-stimulating potential of cell envelope proteins from vibrio cholerae associated to chitosan microparticles: an in vitro study. | cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that remains an important cause of illness and death in many parts of the world. | 2012 | 22947068 |
| [molecular-genetic analysis of the epidemical strains of the vibrio cholerae el tor isolated from the siberian and maritime regions of russia]. | the detection of the biotype-specificity, pathogenicity determinants, and sequencing of the ctxb gene and the ctxab promoter was carried out for analysis of the vibrio cholerae el tor strains genome structure. the strains (n = 90) were isolated during cholera epidemic outbreaks in siberia and the far east. all toxigenic vibrio cholerae el tor strains were divided into two groups: the first group included strains isolated during 1970s: they had the genotype ctxb3+rstrel+rstrcl-rstc+tlc+tbr4. all ... | 2012 | 22937565 |
| cholera epidemiology in nigeria: an overview. | cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium, vibrio cholera. choleragenic v. cholera o1 and o139 are the only causative agents of the disease. the two most distinguishing epidemiologic features of the disease are its tendency to appear in explosive outbreaks and its predisposition to causing pandemics that may progressively affect many countries and spread into continents. despite efforts to control cholera, the disease continues ... | 2012 | 22937199 |
| single point mutation in vibrio cholerae cytolysin compromises the membrane pore-formation mechanism of the toxin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) belongs to the family of β-barrel pore-forming protein toxins. vcc is secreted by the bacteria as water-soluble monomers, which upon binding to target eukaryotic cells form transmembrane heptameric β-barrel channels. high-resolution 3d structures are described both for the water-soluble monomeric form and the transmembrane oligomeric pore; albeit that our understanding of the mechanistic details of the membrane pore-formation process remains incomplete. here, we r ... | 2012 | 22934938 |