| treatment of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis with a sublethal concentration of trisodium phosphate or alkaline ph induces thermotolerance. | the responses of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis to a sublethal dose of trisodium phosphate (tsp) and its equivalent alkaline ph made with naoh were examined. pretreatment of s. enterica serovar enteritidis cells with 1.5% tsp or ph 10.0 solutions resulted in a significant increase in thermotolerance, resistance to 2.5% tsp, resistance to high ph, and sensitivity to acid and h(2)o(2). protein inhibition studies with chloramphenicol revealed that thermotolerance, unlike resistance to high ... | 2004 | 15294793 |
| electroacupuncture combined with indomethacin enhances antihyperalgesia in inflammatory rats. | our previous study showed that electroacupuncture (ea), an adjuvant to conventional medicine, significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and inflammation. the present study is an evaluation of the potential synergism of ea and a subeffective dosage of indomethacin (indo) in a rat model. inflammation and hyperalgesia, manifesting as edema and decreased paw withdrawal latency (pwl) to a noxious stimulus, were induced by injecting complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) subcutaneously into the plantar surface ... | 2004 | 15301937 |
| differences between cd8+ t cells in lupus-prone (nzb x nzw) f1 mice and healthy (balb/c x nzw) f1 mice may influence autoimmunity in the lupus model. | immunization with portions of a murine antibody to dna induced ig peptide-reactive peripheral cd8+ inhibitory t (ti) cells in non-autoimmune (balb/c x nzw) f1 (cwf1) mice. those ti suppressed in vitro production of igg anti-dna by lymphocytes from mhc-matched, lupus-prone (nzb x nzw) f1 (bwf1) mice, primarily via secretion of transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta). however, splenic cd8+ cells from immunized bwf1 mice failed to suppress anti-dna. therefore, bwf1 mice were studied for defects ... | 2004 | 15307181 |
| the hotdog fold: wrapping up a superfamily of thioesterases and dehydratases. | the hotdog fold was initially identified in the structure of escherichia coli faba and subsequently in 4-hydroxybenzoyl-coa thioesterase from pseudomonas sp. strain cbs. since that time structural determinations have shown a number of other apparently unrelated proteins also share the hotdog fold. | 2004 | 15307895 |
| enhanced autoimmunity, arthritis, and encephalomyelitis in mice with a reduced oxidative burst due to a mutation in the ncf1 gene. | the ncf1 gene was recently identified as a strong regulator of severe arthritis in rat. this finding was surprising, because the disease-promoting allele mediated a lower level of reactive oxygen species in nadph oxidase-expressing cells. we have now investigated a splice mutation of the ncf1 gene in b10.q mice, causing a truncated and nonfunctional ncf1 protein. we found that the mutated ncf1 led to a more severe and chronic relapsing collagen-induced arthritis. enhanced igg and delayed-type hy ... | 2004 | 15310853 |
| thymocytes induced by antigen injection into the anterior chamber activate splenic cd8+ suppressor cells and enhance the antigen-induced production of immunoglobulin g1 antibodies. | injection of antigen into the ocular anterior chamber (ac) of a mouse eye (an immunologically privileged site) induces the activation of immunoregulatory nk1.1+, cd4- cd8-, t-cell receptor (tcr) alphabeta+ thymocytes. these thymocytes transfer the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) when injected into mice sensitized to the same antigen but do not effect the suppression of dth. on the other hand, the immunized recipients of these transferred thymocytes produce splenic cd8+ t cells ... | 2004 | 15312135 |
| involvement of opioid receptors in electroacupuncture-produced anti-hyperalgesia in rats with peripheral inflammation. | our previous study showed that electroacupuncture (ea) significantly attenuated inflammatory hyperalgesia. it has also been reported that ea analgesia in uninjured animals is mediated by mu and delta opioid receptors at 2-15 hz and by kappa opioid receptor at 100 hz. because persistent pain changes neural response to external stimulation, we hypothesized that (1) the mechanisms of ea anti-hyperalgesia may be different under conditions of persistent pain and that (2) combining ea with a sub-effec ... | 2004 | 15312782 |
| a parametric study of electroacupuncture on persistent hyperalgesia and fos protein expression in rats. | we previously reported the anti-hyperalgesia of electroacupuncture (ea) on persistent inflammatory pain in an unrestrained, unsedated, and conscious rat model. using this model, induced by injecting complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into one hind paw, we systematically evaluated the anti-hyperalgesia of ea stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, treatment duration, and pulse width). we assessed hyperalgesia by paw withdrawal latency (pwl) to a noxious thermal stimulus and found that 10- and ... | 2004 | 15312783 |
| cd24 controls expansion and persistence of autoreactive t cells in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a model for multiple sclerosis (ms), autoreactive t cells must be activated and clonally expand in the lymphoid organs, and then migrate into the central nervous system (cns) where they undergo further activation. it is unclear whether the autoreactive t cells further expand in the cns and if so, what interactions are required for this process. we have demonstrated previously that expression by the host cells of the heat-stab ... | 2004 | 15314074 |
| nociceptor-specific gene deletion reveals a major role for nav1.7 (pn1) in acute and inflammatory pain. | nine voltage-gated sodium channels are expressed in complex patterns in mammalian nerve and muscle. three channels, na(v)1.7, na(v)1.8, and na(v)1.9, are expressed selectively in peripheral damage-sensing neurons. because there are no selective blockers of these channels, we used gene ablation in mice to examine the function of na(v)1.7 (pn1) in pain pathways. a global na(v)1.7-null mutant was found to die shortly after birth. we therefore used the cre-loxp system to generate nociceptor-specific ... | 2004 | 15314237 |
| critical role of ebna1-specific cd4+ t cells in the control of mouse burkitt lymphoma in vivo. | cd4+ t cells play important roles in orchestrating host immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases. although ebv-encoded nuclear antigen 1-specific (ebna1-specific) cd4+ t cells have been implicated in controlling the growth of ebv-associated tumors such as burkitt lymphoma (bl) in vitro, direct evidence for their in vivo function remains elusive due to the lack of an appropriate experimental bl model. here, we describe the development of a mouse ebna1-expressing bl tumor model and ... | 2004 | 15314691 |
| repressive effects of yeast extract on photoreactivation of escherichia coli. | photoreactivation of escherichia coli k12 (ifo 3301), in the presence or absence of yeast extract (ye), was investigated after inactivation by low-pressure uv lamp. an endonuclease sensitive site (ess) assay was used to determine the uv-induced pyrimidine dimers in the genome of e. coli, while a colony-forming ability (cfa) test was also used to examine the survival ratio of e. coli. the ye solution reduced the cfa recovery at a final concentration of 125 mg/l. a dialysis of the ye solution indi ... | 2004 | 15318483 |
| superiority of thyroid peroxidase dna over protein immunization in replicating human thyroid autoimmunity in hla-drb1*0301 (dr3) transgenic mice. | murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (eat), characterized by thyroid destruction after immunization with thyroglobulin (tg), has long been a useful model of organ-specific autoimmune disease. more recently, porcine thyroid peroxidase (ptpo) has also been shown to induce thyroiditis, but these results have not been confirmed. when (c57bl/6 x cba)f(1) mice, recently shown to be susceptible to mouse tpo-induced eat, were immunized with plasmid dna to human tpo (htpo) and cytokines il-12 or gm ... | 2004 | 15320899 |
| age-related resistance of c57bl/6 mice to cryptococcus neoformans is dependent on maturation of nkt cells. | conflicting results have been reported regarding the ability of c57bl/6 mice to clear infections due to cryptococcus neoformans. examination of the various experimental protocols used suggested that c57bl/6 mice might develop the ability to resist infection as they mature. we analyzed the ability of c57bl/6 mice of different ages to respond to immunization with cryptococcal antigen or to clear a cryptococcal infection. mice were immunized with a soluble cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cne ... | 2004 | 15322012 |
| activation of dendritic cells by liposomes prepared from phosphatidylinositol mannosides from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin and adjuvant activity in vivo. | liposome vesicles could be formed at 65 degrees c from the chloroform-soluble, total polar lipids (tpl) extracted from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). mice immunized with ovalbumin (ova) entrapped in tpl liposomes produced both anti-ova antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses. murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (il-6), il-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free tpl liposomes. three phosphoglycolipids an ... | 2004 | 15322018 |
| blockade of peripheral 5ht3 receptor attenuates the formalin-induced nocifensive behavior in persistent temporomandibular joint inflammation of rat. | the role of peripheral 5ht3 receptors in the orofacial nocifensive behavior induced by the injection of formalin into masseter muscle was evaluated. the behavioral activities evoked by the formalin injection exhibited a biphasic response in the rats with or without temporomandibular joint (tmj) inflammation (cfa group or non-cfa group). the orofacial nocifensive behavioral activity was enhanced after tmj inflammation. systemic administration of tropisetron, 5ht3 receptor antagonist, reduced the ... | 2004 | 15331166 |
| anti-adjuvant arthritis of recombinant human endostatin in rats via inhibition of angiogenesis and proinflammatory factors. | to investigate the profile of endostatin on adjuvant arthritis (aa) and angiogenesis blockade in synovitis. | 2004 | 15339395 |
| [changes of sod, gsh and mda in renal tissues of diabetic hyperlipidemia rats]. | to study the changes of sod, gsh and mda in the renal tissues of diabetes rat models through the comparison of their metabolic features. | 2004 | 15339502 |
| [effect and mechanism of tangshenning recipe on micro-albuminuria in rats with early diabetic nephropathy]. | to study the modifying effect and mechanism of tangshenning recipe on micro-albuminuria in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (dn). | 2003 | 15339583 |
| anti-c1q autoantibodies deposit in glomeruli but are only pathogenic in combination with glomerular c1q-containing immune complexes. | anti-c1q autoantibodies are present in sera of patients with several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). strikingly, in sle the presence of anti-c1q is associated with the occurrence of nephritis. we have generated mouse anti-mouse c1q mab's and used murine models to investigate whether anti-c1q autoantibodies actually contribute to renal pathology in glomerular immune complex disease. administration of anti-c1q mab jl-1, which recognizes the collagen-like region o ... | 2004 | 15343386 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom on type ii collagen-induced arthritis. | bee venom (bv) has been used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in traditional oriental medicine, especially in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra). we previously reported that the bv injection into a traditional acupuncture point (zusanli) reduced arthritis-associated edema and nociceptive responses in freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats (kwon et al., 2001). this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine effect of bv on a mur ... | 2004 | 15344419 |
| women's reasons for not participating in follow up visits before starting short course antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother to child transmission of hiv: qualitative interview study. | to find out why pregnant women who receive hiv-1 positive test results and are offered short course antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hiv from mother to child do not participate in necessary follow up visits before starting prophylaxis. | 2004 | 15345628 |
| regulatory role of vitamin d receptor gene variants of bsm i, apa i, taq i, and fok i polymorphisms on macrophage phagocytosis and lymphoproliferative response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in pulmonary tuberculosis. | the regulatory role of vitamin d receptor (vdr) gene variants of bsm i, apa i, taq i, and fok i polymorphisms on vitamin d(3)-modulated macrophage phagocytosis with live mycobacterium tuberculosis and lymphoproliferative response to m. tuberculosis culture filtrate antigen (cfa) was studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 46) and in normal healthy subjects (nhs) (n = 64). vitamin d(3) at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) m enhanced the phagocytic potential of normal subjects who had a p ... | 2004 | 15359111 |
| an integrated 4249 marker fish/rh map of the canine genome. | the 156 breeds of dog recognized by the american kennel club offer a unique opportunity to map genes important in genetic variation. each breed features a defining constellation of morphological and behavioral traits, often generated by deliberate crossing of closely related individuals, leading to a high rate of genetic disease in many breeds. understanding the genetic basis of both phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility in the dog provides new ways in which to dissect the genetics of ... | 2004 | 15363096 |
| identification of some charcoal-black-pigmented cdc fermentative coryneform group 4 isolates as rothia dentocariosa and some as corynebacterium aurimucosum: proposal of rothia dentocariosa emend. georg and brown 1967, corynebacterium aurimucosum emend. yassin et al. 2002, and corynebacterium nigricans shukla et al. 2003 pro synon. corynebacterium aurimucosum. | sixty-three clinical isolates of charcoal-black-pigmented, gram-positive coryneform rods were received for identification by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and were provisionally designated cdc fermentative coryneform group 4 (fcg4). forty-five of these were characterized by morphological, physiologic, antimicrobial susceptibility, cellular fatty acids, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and dna-dna hybridization analyses. nitrate reduction, cellular fatty acid analysis, 16s rrna ge ... | 2004 | 15365010 |
| a serine/threonine kinase, cot/tpl2, modulates bacterial dna-induced il-12 production and th cell differentiation. | a serine/threonine protein kinase, cot/tpl2, is indispensable for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) activation and production of tnf-alpha and pge2 in lps-stimulated macrophages. we show here that cot/tpl2 is also activated by other toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands. bacterial dna rich in the dinucleotide cg (cpg-dna), unlike lps or synthetic lipopeptide, activated erk in a cot/tpl2-independent manner. peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived dcs from cot/tpl2-/- mice produced sig ... | 2004 | 15372110 |
| oligodeoxynucleotides lacking cpg dinucleotides mediate toll-like receptor 9 dependent t helper type 2 biased immune stimulation. | oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) with unmethylated cpg dinucleotides mimic the immune stimulatory activity of bacterial dna in vertebrates and are recognized by toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9). it is also possible to detect immune activation with certain phosphorothioate sequences that lack cpg motifs. these odn are less potent than cpg odn and the mechanism by which they stimulate mammalian leucocytes is not understood. we here provide several lines of evidence demonstrating that the effects induced by ... | 2004 | 15379982 |
| a proinflammatory role for fas in joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is a chronic inflammatory disease bearing all the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis, e.g. polyarthritis, synovitis, and subsequent cartilage/bone erosions. one feature of the disease contributing to joint damage is synovial hyperplasia. the factors responsible for the hyperplasia are unknown; however, an imbalance between rates of cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) has been suggested. to evaluate the role of a major pathway of cell death - fas (cd95)/f ... | 2004 | 15380040 |
| activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in rat spinal cord after peripheral noxious stimulation. | following recurrent noxious stimulation, both functional modification and structural reorganization such as activation of the arachidonate cascade or axon sprouting occur in the central nervous system (cns). it has been recently proposed that these alterations observed during chronic pain state were supported by an intensification of the lipid metabolism. in this regard, it has been shown that mrna coding for several fatty acid metabolizing enzymes are up-regulated in the rat lumbar spinal cord ... | 2004 | 15380308 |
| enhancement of humoral immunity to the hcg beta protein antigen by fusing a molecular adjuvant c3d3. | the vaccine directed against human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) has previously undergone clinical test demonstrating the feasibility of the approach in preventing pregnancy in women. some individuals, however, did not response adequately despite employing highly immunogenic bacterial toxoids as carriers. in this study, we investigated the potential of three copies of c3d as a new molecular adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of hcg beta protein antigen. the antibody response to the hcg beta-c ... | 2004 | 15380941 |
| comparison of immunogenicities of recombinant plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 19- and 42-kilodalton fragments expressed in escherichia coli. | the 42- and 19-kda c-terminal fragments of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp-1(42) and msp-1(19), respectively) are both promising blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens. at present, it is not clear which of the two antigens will be more suitable for inclusion in a cocktail malaria vaccine. in the present study, we expressed the two c-terminal fragments of plasmodium vivax msp-1 (pvmsp-1) in an escherichia coli expression system and purified them by using a rapid two-step protocol. both of the pr ... | 2004 | 15385477 |
| study on pancreatic lymphatics in nonobese diabetic mouse with prevention of insulitis and diabetes by adjuvant immunotherapy. | the present study has investigated the relationship between pancreatic lymphatics, infiltrating cells, and insulitic development after a single injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) given at an early age in the nonobese diabetic (nod) mice. no cfa-treated nod mice developed hyperglycemia, whereas most cfa-untreated mice died of diabetes at the age of 20-30 weeks. in untreated nod mice, the increased infiltration of dendritic cells (dcs) and t-lymphocytes into the pancreatic islets appear ... | 2004 | 15386276 |
| roasted full-fat kidney bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) and soyabeans (glycine max) meals in broiler chicken diet. | an 8-week experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed on diets containing either roasted full-fat soyabean meal (rsbm), roasted full-fat kidney bean meal (rkbm), cottonseed cake meal (csm) or soyabean meal (sbm). a total of 240 unsexed, day-old-chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments so that there were 10 chicks per experimental unit in a randomized complete block design with three blocks and two replicates per block. cumulative feed intake was depress ... | 2004 | 15449840 |
| protection of pulmonary epithelial cells from oxidative stress by hmyh adenine glycosylase. | oxygen toxicity is a major cause of lung injury. the base excision repair pathway is one of the most important cellular protection mechanisms that responds to oxidative dna damage. lesion-specific dna repair enzymes include hogg1, hmyh, hnth and hmth. | 2004 | 15450125 |
| targeting c-mpl for revival of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced hematopoietic inhibition when cd34+ progenitor cells are re-engrafted into a fresh stromal microenvironment in vivo. | the inhibition of multilineage hematopoiesis which occurs in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse with transplanted human fetal thymus and liver tissues (scid-hu thy/liv) due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is also accompanied by a severe loss of c-mpl expression on these progenitor cells. inhibition of colony-forming activity (cfa) of the cd34(+) progenitor cells is partially revived to about 40% of mock-infected thy/liv implants, following reconstitution of the c ... | 2004 | 15452260 |
| parp inhibition sensitizes p53-deficient breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. | p53 deficiency confers resistance to doxo (doxorubicin), a clinically active and widely used antitumour anthracycline antibiotic. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the reversal mechanism of doxo resistance by the potent parp [poly(adp-ribose) polymerase] inhibitor ani (4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide) in the p53-deficient breast cancer cell lines evsa-t and mda-mb-231. the effects of ani, in comparison with doxo alone, on doxo-induced apoptosis, were investigated in matched pairs of ... | 2005 | 15456408 |
| role of soluble fas ligand in autoimmune diseases. | to investigate the role of soluble fas ligand in autoimmune diseases. | 2004 | 15457562 |
| oral and nasal administration of chicken type ii collagen suppresses adjuvant arthritis in rats with intestinal lesions induced by meloxicam. | to investigate the curative effects of oral and nasal administration of chicken type ii collagen (cii) on adjuvant arthritis (aa) in rats with meloxicam-induced intestinal lesions. | 2004 | 15457565 |
| generation of competent bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells from the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). | human infections with sin nombre virus (snv) and related new world hantaviruses often lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), a sometimes fatal illness. lungs of patients who die from hcps exhibit cytokine-producing mononuclear infiltrates and pronounced pulmonary inflammation. deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal natural hosts of snv, in which the virus establishes life-long persistence without conspicuous pathology. little is known about the mechanisms snv employs t ... | 2004 | 15458574 |
| alteration of the tertiary structure of the major bee venom allergen api m 1 by multiple mutations is concomitant with low ige reactivity. | we have engineered a recombinant form of the major bee venom allergen (api m 1) with the final goal of reducing its ige reactivity. this molecule (api mut) contains 24 mutations and one deletion of 10 amino acids. the successive introduction of these sequence modifications led to a progressive loss of specific ige and igg reactivity and did not reveal any immunodominant epitopes. however, api mut exhibited a clear loss of reactivity for api m 1-specific ige and igg. injection of api mut into mic ... | 2004 | 15459335 |
| comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. | the colonic microbiota mediates many cellular and molecular events in the host that are important to health. these processes can be affected in the elderly, because in some individuals, the composition and metabolic activities of the microbiota change with age. detailed characterizations of the major groups of fecal bacteria in healthy young adults, in healthy elderly people, and in hospitalized elderly patients receiving antibiotics were made in this study, together with measurements of their m ... | 2004 | 15466557 |
| synchronous effects of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and salinity on growth, phospholipid profiles, and protein patterns of four halomonas species isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal-vent and sea surface environments. | four strains of euryhaline bacteria belonging to the genus halomonas were tested for their response to a range of temperatures (2, 13, and 30 degrees c), hydrostatic pressures (0.1, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 mpa), and salinities (4, 11, and 17% total salts). the isolates were psychrotolerant, halophilic to moderately halophilic, and piezotolerant, growing fastest at 30 degrees c, 0.1 mpa, and 4% total salts. little or no growth occurred at the highest hydrostatic pressures tested, an effect th ... | 2004 | 15466569 |
| preserved ipsilateral-to-lesion motor map organization in the unilateral 6-ohda-treated rat model of parkinson's disease. | the classic view of dopamine (da) loss in parkinson's disease is that it produces a functional deafferentation in striatal-cortical circuitry that, in turn, contributes to sensorimotor deficits. the present study examines this view in the rat by assessing how da-depletion affects the intracortical microstimulation (icms) topographic representation of movement in the rostral and caudal motor areas of the motor cortex. the icms map is used as an index of motor cortex function because it has been s ... | 2004 | 15476704 |
| the effects of alpha-viniferin on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. | this study was performed to assess the efficacy of alpha-viniferin (carex humilis leyss) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. adjuvant arthritis was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) containing 7.5 mg mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 1 ml sterile paraffin oil into the right hind paw. forty female sprague-dawley rats were injected. righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the initial point of arthritis development on day 7 a ... | 2004 | 15481642 |
| macrophage-mediated endothelial inflammatory responses to airborne particulates: impact of particulate physicochemical properties. | epidemiological studies have implicated a role for airborne particulates of <2.5 microm diameter in the development/exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary disease; however, specific pathogenic mechanisms and the etiological significance of particle physicochemical properties remain unresolved. using a microporous aluminosilicate zeolite y as a manifold, we have synthesized 1 microm particulates of pure carbon (c), carbon-iron (c/fe), and carbon-iron/fluoro-aluminum silicate (c-fe/f-al-si). we h ... | 2004 | 15487890 |
| spinal motoneurone distress during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | the main pathophysiological feature characterizing multiple sclerosis (ms) is demyelination. however, the possibility of neural damage has recently been proposed as a mechanism in chronic disease. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is the most widely used experimental model for ms. we investigated occurrences of microglial activation and astrocytosis in the spinal cord, choline acetyl-transferase (chat) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) mrna regulation in spinal motoneurones ... | 2004 | 15488028 |
| induction of neuropeptide gene expression and blockade of retrograde transport in facial motor neurons following local peripheral nerve inflammation in severe combined immunodeficiency and balb/c mice. | peripheral nerve inflammation is a common clinical problem that accompanies nerve injury and several diseases including guillain-barre syndrome and acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. to determine if neuropeptides are induced in motor neurons after inflammation and to study the mechanisms involved, a nerve cuff soaked in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) was applied locally to the facial nerve of balb/c mice. this procedure resulted in an influx of lymphocytes and macroph ... | 2004 | 15489032 |
| a totally synthetic vaccine of generic structure that targets toll-like receptor 2 on dendritic cells and promotes antibody or cytotoxic t cell responses. | a simple generic peptide-based vaccine structure that targets toll-like receptor 2-expressing dendritic cells and causes their activation is described. the vaccines are totally synthetic, serve as their own adjuvant, and are composed of (i) a single helper t cell epitope, (ii) a target epitope that is either recognized by cd8+ t cells or b cells, and (iii) a toll-like receptor 2-targeting lipid moiety, s-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine, that is situated between the peptide epitopes to form ... | 2004 | 15489266 |
| coccidioidomycosis: host response and vaccine development. | coccidioidomycosis is caused by the dimorphic fungi in the genus coccidioides. these fungi live as mycelia in the soil of desert areas of the american southwest, and when the infectious spores, the arthroconidia, are inhaled, they convert into the parasitic spherule/endospore phase. most infections are mild, but these organisms are frank pathogens and can cause severe lethal disease in fully immunocompetent individuals. while there is increased risk of disseminated disease in certain racial grou ... | 2004 | 15489350 |
| a new model for dermatitis herpetiformis that uses hla-dq8 transgenic nod mice. | dermatitis herpetiformis (dh) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity. it presents as a papulovesicular rash and is often associated with enteropathy. the rash resolves when the patient is placed on a gluten-free diet and/or dapsone. dh, as well as celiac disease, is tightly associated with dq2 and dq8. a novel mouse model for dh is described that utilizes the nod background and the hla-dq8 transgene. the addition of dq8 contributes sensitivity to gli ... | 2004 | 15489956 |
| isotope and elemental effects indicate a rate-limiting methyl transfer as the initial step in the reaction catalyzed by escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. | cyclopropane fatty acid (cfa) synthases catalyze the formation of cyclopropane rings on unsaturated fatty acids (ufas) that are natural components of membrane phospholipids. the methylene carbon of the cyclopropane ring derives from the activated methyl group of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet), affording s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (adohcys) and a proton as the remaining products. this reaction is unique among adomet-dependent enzymes, because the olefin of the ufa substrate is isolated and unact ... | 2004 | 15491158 |
| in vivo apoptosis of diabetogenic t cells in nod mice by ifn-gamma/tnf-alpha. | immunization with mycobacterial preparation such as bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) or complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) prevents the onset and recurrence of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (nod) mice. in this study, we explored the mechanism underlying the down-regulation of diabetogenic t cells by bcg treatment. we found that the potential of splenocytes from bcg-immunized diabetic nod mice to adoptively transfer diabetes was significantly impaired. bcg immunization sequentially induced the ... | 2004 | 15492021 |
| interferon-gamma-modified dendritic cells suppress b cell function and ameliorate the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of interferon (ifn)-gamma-modulated dendritic cells (dc) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg). we induced eamg in lewis rats by immunization with torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) and adjuvant. on day 33 post-immunization (p.i.), splenic dc were prepared, exposed to ifn-gamma alone (ifn-gamma-dc) or to ifn-gamma in combination with 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan (1-mt), the specific inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3- ... | 2004 | 15498031 |
| a novel model of sensitization and oral tolerance to peanut protein. | the prevalence of food allergic diseases is rising and poses an increasing clinical problem. peanut allergy affects around 1% of the population and is a common food allergy associated with severe clinical manifestations. the exact route of primary sensitization is unknown although the gastrointestinal immune system is likely to play an important role. exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to soluble antigens normally leads to a state of antigen-specific systemic hyporesponsiveness (oral toleran ... | 2004 | 15500615 |
| interleukin-15 is not required for the induction or maintenance of orally induced peripheral tolerance. | orally induced tolerance is a physiologically relevant form of peripheral tolerance, which is believed to be important for the prevention of pathological immune responses in the gut. of several mechanisms proposed to mediate oral tolerance, one that has received much attention recently is the concept of regulatory cd4+ t cells. as recent studies have suggested that interleukin (il)-15 may be important for the differentiation and maintenance of regulatory cd4+ t cells, we have examined the role o ... | 2004 | 15500616 |
| pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis: modulation of disease by arthritogenic t-cell epitope location. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is an animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis that can be induced in susceptible mice by immunization with type ii collagen (cii) or with collagen fragments, including cyanogen bromide (cb) peptides. one susceptible mouse strain, b10.riii (i-ar), has previously been found to respond to two major t-cell determinants, namely cii 610-618 (gpagtagar) within cb10 and cii 445-453 (gpagpager) within cb8. although cb10 contains the immunodominant determinant, it is no ... | 2004 | 15500626 |
| combined vaccine regimen based on parenteral priming with a dna vaccine and administration of an oral booster consisting of a recombinant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain for immunization against infection with human-derived enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains. | repeated evidence has demonstrated that combined primer-booster immunization regimens can improve both secreted and humoral immune responses to antigens derived from viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. for the present work, we evaluated the synergic serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and fecal iga antibody responses elicited in balb/c mice who were intramuscularly primed with a dna vaccine, precfa, followed by oral boosting with an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine (hg3 ... | 2004 | 15501779 |
| myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific t-cells induce severe optic neuritis in the c57bl/6 mouse. | the optic nerve is a common site of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (ms) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). to determine the relationship between optic neuritis (on) and eae, we examined the incidence of on in c57bl/6 (b6) mice immunized with a myelin oligodendrocyte/glycoprotein (mog)-derived peptide or injected with mog-specific t cells, which are known to induce eae. | 2004 | 15505056 |
| gender, age, and season at immunization uniquely influence the genetic control of susceptibility to histopathological lesions and clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: implications for the genetics of multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms), the principal inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns), is believed to have an immunopathological etiology arising from gene-environment interactions. in this study, we examined the effect of sex, age, and season at immunization on the susceptibility of (b10.s x sjl/j) f(2) intercross mice to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), the foremost animal model of ms. results of logistic regression analyses suggest that female mice were m ... | 2004 | 15509529 |
| [enhancement of immunogenicity of hcgbeta protein vaccine and the hcg neutralization capacity of anti-serum by using the molecular adjuvant c3d3]. | to enhance the immunogenicity of hcgbeta protein vaccine and the hcg neutralization capacity of anti-serum by using the molecular adjuvant c3d3, the secreted 6his-hcgbeta-c3d3 fusion protein and 6his-hcgbeta were expressed in cho cells and purified with ni(2+)-chelating chromatography and sephadex g-150 column. then we investigated the potential of three copies of c3d as the molecular adjuvant of hcgbeta protein antigen. the antibody response to hcgbeta-c3d3 conjugates was compared with those re ... | 2004 | 15511066 |
| social imagery, tobacco independence, and the truthsm campaign. | this study investigated relationships among exposure to the truthsm campaign, differences in social imagery about not smoking and related measures, and smoking behavior. we asked, "how does truthsm work? through what psychological mechanisms does it affect smoking behavior?" we developed a framework to explain how receptivity to truthsm ads might influence youth cognitive states and subsequent effects on progression to established smoking. the main hypotheses were that social imagery about not s ... | 2004 | 15513790 |
| estrogen and inflammation increase the excitability of rat temporomandibular joint afferent neurons. | several painful conditions, including temporomandibular disorders (tmd), are more prevalent and more severe in women than in men. although the physiological basis for this sex difference remains to be determined, it is likely that estrogen is an underlying factor. the present study was performed to test the hypotheses that estrogen increases the excitability of rat temporomandibular joint (tmj) afferents and exacerbates the inflammation-induced sensitization of these sensory neurons. retrogradel ... | 2005 | 15525813 |
| dynamics of a pasture soil microbial community after deposition of cattle urine amended with [13c]urea. | within grazed pastures, urine patches are hot spots of nitrogen turnover, since dietary n surpluses are excreted mainly as urea in the urine. this short-term experiment investigated 13c uptake in microbial lipids after simulated deposition of cattle urine at 10.0 and 17.1 g of urea c m(-2). confined field plots without or with cattle urine amendment were sampled after 4 and 14 days, and soil from 0- to 5-cm and 10- to 20-cm depths was analyzed for content and composition of phospholipid fatty ac ... | 2004 | 15528493 |
| plant-synthesized e. coli cfa/i fimbrial protein protects caco-2 cells from bacterial attachment. | a dna fragment encoding the cholera toxin a2 subunit (cta2) linked to the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) colony forming fimbrial antigen cfa/i was inserted into a plant expression vector containing the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) fused to the rotavirus enterotoxin 22 amino acid epitope nsp422. anti-cfa/i antibodies recognized a single band of approximately 72-kda in transformed potato tuber tissue consistent with cfa/i-cta2 and ctb-nsp4 fusion protein assembly into a cholera holotoxin ... | 2004 | 15531041 |
| activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the sciatic nerves of rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis. | to investigate whether the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) is involved in autoimmune injury of the peripheral nervous system (pns), the expression of phosphorylated erk (p-erk) was analyzed in experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean) in rats. western blot analysis showed that the level of p-erk was increased significantly in the sciatic nerves of rats on days 14 (p<0.05) and 24 (p<0.01) post-immunization, compared with controls, and its reaction declined at day 30 po ... | 2004 | 15531088 |
| increased wdr spontaneous activity and receptive field size in rats following a neuropathic or inflammatory injury: implications for mechanical sensitivity. | spontaneous activity and receptive field size for spinal wide dynamic range (wdr) neurons were measured and related to the mechanical allodynia in both neuropathic (l5-l6 ligation, 14 days post-injury) and complete freund's adjuvant-inflamed rats (cfa, 2 days post-injury). the size of the wdr receptive field located on the hindpaw expanded significantly (p<0.01) following both modes of injury, with no difference between cfa and neuropathic animals. likewise, the spontaneous firing of wdr neurons ... | 2004 | 15531101 |
| dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil rich in 9cis, 11trans, 13cis conjugated linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in obese, hyperlipidemic oletf rats. | conjugated fatty acid, the general term of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated double bonds, has attracted considerable attention because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. in the present study, dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil rich in punicic acid (9cis, 11trans, 13cis-conjugated linolenic acid; 9c, 11t, 13c-clna) on lipid metabolism was investigated in obese, hyperlipidemic otsuka long-evans tokushima fatty (oletf) rats. after 2 ... | 2004 | 15533261 |
| antigenized antibodies expressing vbeta8.2 tcr peptides immunize against rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | background: immunity against the t cell receptor (tcr) is considered to play a central role in the regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), a model system of autoimmune disease characterized by a restricted usage of tcr genes. methods of specific vaccination against the tcr of pathogenetic t cells have included attenuated t cells and synthetic peptides from the sequence of the tcr. these approaches have led to the concept that anti-idiotypic immunity against antigenic sites o ... | 2004 | 15541175 |
| antibodies cross-reacting with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are induced by immunization of rabbits with an immunogenic thyroglobulin 20mer peptide. | thyroglobulin (tg) and thyroid peroxidase (tpo) are two major autoantigens in autoimmune thyroid diseases (aitd). cross-reactive anti-tg/tpo antibodies have been identified in patients with aitd and in mice immunized with tg or tpo. in the present study, we investigated the production of anti-tg/tpo antibodies in rabbits immunized with human tg and with a highly immunogenic tg peptide (namely tgp41, sequence 2651-2670 of human tg), by noncompetitive and competitive elisa. tgp41 was found previou ... | 2004 | 15544618 |
| blockade of the c5a receptor fails to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. | complement activation contributes to inflammation and tissue damage in human demyelinating diseases and in rodent models of demyelination. inhibitors of complement activation ameliorate disease in the rat model antibody-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and rats unable to generate the membrane attack complex of complement develop inflammation without demyelination. the role of the highly active chemotactic and anaphylactic complement-derived peptide c5a in driving inflammation ... | 2004 | 15544619 |
| extensive and breed-specific linkage disequilibrium in canis familiaris. | the 156 breeds of registered dogs in the united states offer a unique opportunity to map genes important in disease susceptibility, morphology, and behavior. linkage disequilibrium (ld) is of current interest for its application in whole genome association mapping, since the extent of ld determines the feasibility of such studies. we have measured ld at five genomic intervals, each 5 mb in length and composed of five clusters of sequence variants spaced 800 kb-1.6 mb apart. these intervals are l ... | 2004 | 15545498 |
| observations on false positive reactions in the rapid now filariasis card test. | the now filariasis card test is a useful tool for rapid field diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, based on detection of specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in the patients' blood. concern has been raised that a high proportion of infection negative individuals develop false positive reactions in these tests when the test cards are left for a prolonged period before being examined. we carried out a survey in an endemic tanzanian village to investigate this phenomenon. individuals ... | 2004 | 15548316 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vesicles target toxin delivery into mammalian cells. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a prevalent cause of traveler's diarrhea and infant mortality in third-world countries. heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) is secreted from etec via vesicles composed of outer membrane and periplasm. we investigated the role of etec vesicles in pathogenesis by analyzing vesicle association and entry into eukaryotic cells. fluorescently labeled vesicles from lt-producing and lt-nonproducing strains were compared in their ability to bind adrenal and intestinal ... | 2004 | 15549136 |
| [specific features of humoral immunity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis patients]. | cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) is a severe autoimmune disease of unclear etiology and prognostically unfavorable. the complexity of the diagnostics of this disease makes it necessary to search for new methods; for this reason immunity in cfa patients must be studied. the study of humoral organ-specific, organ-unspecific and antibacterial immunity of cfa patients revealed that the latter differed from the members of the groups used for comparison by a higher frequency of positive reaction ... | 2004 | 15554319 |
| functional reprogramming of the primary immune response by t cell receptor antagonism. | the t cell receptor must translate modest, quantitative differences in ligand binding kinetics into the qualitatively distinct signals used to determine cell fate. here, we use mice that express an endogenous t cell receptor (tcr) antagonist and an adoptive transfer system to examine the influence of tcr signal quality on the development of effector function. we show that activation of antigen-specific t cells in the presence of an antagonist results in a functional reprogramming of the primary ... | 2004 | 15557350 |
| evolutionary and functional relationships of colonization factor antigen i and other class 5 adhesive fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) is the archetype of eight genetically related fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) designated class 5 fimbriae. assembled by the alternate chaperone pathway, these organelles comprise a rigid stalk of polymerized major subunits and an apparently tip-localized minor adhesive subunit. we examined the evolutionary relationships of class 5-specific structural proteins and correlated these with functional properties. we sequenced the gene clusters ... | 2004 | 15557644 |
| control of inflammatory pain by chemokine-mediated recruitment of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells. | opioid-containing leukocytes can counteract inflammatory hyperalgesia. under stress or after local injection of corticotropin releasing factor (crf), opioid peptides are released from leukocytes, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons and mediate antinociception. since polymorphonuclear cells (pmn) are the predominant opioid-containing leukocyte subpopulation in early inflammation, we hypothesized that pmn and their recruitment by chemokines are important for peripheral opioid-me ... | 2004 | 15561377 |
| very low level laser therapy attenuates edema and pain in experimental models. | in this study, we tested a new square wave microprocessor-controlled red laser with an extremely low peak power output (<3 mw; very low level laser therapy [vlllt]) in experimental pain in the rat. acute inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, chronic inflammation was induced by complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) and neuropathic pain was produced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (cci). in our study vlllt was effective in reducing edema and hyperalgesia in acu ... | 2004 | 15573690 |
| isolation of escherichia coli bacteriophages from the stool of pediatric diarrhea patients in bangladesh. | a 3-week coliphage survey was conducted in stool samples from 140 bangladeshi children hospitalized with severe diarrhea. on the escherichia coli indicator strain k803, all but one phage isolate had 170-kb genomes and the morphology of t4 phage. in spot tests, the individual t4-like phages infected up to 27 out of 40 diarrhea-associated e. coli, representing 22 o serotypes and various virulence factors; only five of them were not infected by any of these new phages. a combination of diagnostic p ... | 2004 | 15576777 |
| the crucial role of campylobacter jejuni genes in anti-ganglioside antibody induction in guillain-barre syndrome. | molecular mimicry of campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (los) with gangliosides in nervous tissue is considered to induce cross-reactive antibodies that lead to guillain-barre syndrome (gbs), an acute polyneuropathy. to determine whether specific bacterial genes are crucial for the biosynthesis of ganglioside-like structures and the induction of anti-ganglioside antibodies, we characterized the c. jejuni los biosynthesis gene locus in gbs-associated and control strains. we demonstrated t ... | 2004 | 15578098 |
| apoptotic cells with oxidation-specific epitopes are immunogenic and proinflammatory. | oxidation of low density lipoprotein (ldl) generates a variety of oxidatively modified lipids and lipid-protein adducts that are immunogenic and proinflammatory, which in turn contribute to atherogenesis. cells undergoing apoptosis also display oxidized moieties on their surface membranes, as determined by binding of oxidation-specific monoclonal antibodies. in the present paper, we demonstrated by mass spectrometry that in comparison with viable cells, membranes of cells undergoing apoptosis co ... | 2004 | 15583011 |
| "bacteroides nordii" sp. nov. and "bacteroides salyersae" sp. nov. isolated from clinical specimens of human intestinal origin. | two groups of unknown bacteria, which phenotypically resemble members of the bacteroides fragilis group but phylogenetically display >5% 16s rrna gene sequence divergence from their nearest validly described species, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. phylogenetically and phenotypically, the unidentified bacteria displayed a relatively close association with each other. however, a 16s rrna gene sequence divergence of approximately 4% b ... | 2004 | 15583282 |
| phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli associated with early childhood diarrhea in rural egypt. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) causes substantial diarrheal morbidity and mortality in young children in countries with limited resources. we determined the phenotypic profiles of 915 etec diarrheal isolates derived from egyptian children under 3 years of age who participated in a 3-year population-based study. for each strain, we ascertained enterotoxin and colonization factor (cf) expression, the o:h serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility. sixty-one percent of the strains expresse ... | 2004 | 15583286 |
| assessing the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in multiple nociceptive modalities. | preclinical data, performed in a limited number of pain models, suggest that functional blockade of metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors may be beneficial for pain management. in the present study, effects of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (mpep), a potent, selective mglu5 receptor antagonist, were examined in a wide variety of rodent nociceptive and hypersensitivity models in order to fully characterize the potential analgesic profile of mglu5 receptor blockade. effects of 3-[(2-methyl- ... | 2004 | 15588730 |
| comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of replication-defective, recombinant glycoprotein, and dna vaccines for herpes simplex virus 2 infections in mice and guinea pigs. | many candidate vaccines are effective in animal models of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. among them, clinical trials showed moderate protection from genital disease with recombinant hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd2) in alum-monophosphoryl lipid a adjuvant only in hsv women seronegative for both hsv-1 and hsv-2, encouraging development of additional vaccine options. therefore, we undertook direct comparative studies of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies and immunogenicit ... | 2005 | 15596834 |
| analysis of cytokine-producing th cells from hen egg lysozyme-immunized mice reveals large numbers specific for "cryptic" peptides and different repertoires among different th populations. | we employed an optimized ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot assay for enumerating and defining the peptide specificity of all the hen egg lysozyme (hel)-specific th cells producing il-2, ifn-gamma, or il-4, in different lymphoid organs of hel-immunized balb/c and cba mice. previous studies, employing t cell proliferation assays, demonstrated that lymph node cells from balb/c mice immunized with hel emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) are specific for hel(105-120). in contrast, we found ... | 2005 | 15597327 |
| ephb6-null mutation results in compromised t cell function. | so far, there is very limited knowledge about the role of eph kinases, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, in the immune system. here, using ephb6(-/-) mice, we demonstrated that in vitro and in vivo t cell responses such as lymphokine secretion, proliferation, and the development of delayed-type skin hypersensitivity and experimental autoimmune encephalitis in ephb6(-/-) mice were compromised. on the other hand, humoral immune responses, such as serum levels of different ig isotype ... | 2004 | 15599401 |
| utilizing the adjuvant properties of cd1d-dependent nk t cells in t cell-mediated immunotherapy. | activation of invariant cd1d-dependent nk t cells (inkt cells) in vivo through administration of the glycolipid ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-galcer) or the sphingosine-truncated alpha-galcer analog och leads to cd40 signaling as well as the release of soluble molecules including type 1 and gamma interferons that contribute to dc maturation. this process enhances t cell immunity to antigens presented by the dc. the adjuvant activity is further amplified if apcs are stimulated through to ... | 2004 | 15599405 |
| genetic detection of diarrheagenic escherichia coli isolated from children with sporadic diarrhea. | escherichia coli strains are among the major bacterial causes of diarrheal illness. at least 5 categories of diarrheagenic e. coli (dec) are recognized, namely enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec). due to the need for costly and labor-intensive diagnostic procedures, identification of dec is difficult at standard laboratories. therefore, the epidemiology of dec infect ... | 2004 | 15599464 |
| the effect of the physical form of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) carriers on the humoral immune response to co-delivered antigen. | a model shed antigen, ovalbumin (ova), was incorporated into polymeric biomaterial carriers made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) in the form of microparticles (mp) or scaffolds (sc). these polymeric biomaterial carrier vehicles with incorporated antigen were then injected or implanted into mice and the resulting time-dependent systemic humoral immune response towards the controlled released ova was assessed by following the ova-specific igg concentration and isotypes using elisa. to asse ... | 2005 | 15603794 |
| no mixing of granulocytes and other lymphocytes in the inflamed joints of parabiosis mice with collagen-induced arthritis: possible in situ generation. | collagen-induced arthritis was evoked by an injection of lipopolysaccharide and anti-type ii collagen antibody in mice. in parallel with the onset of arthritis, granulocytes with large light scatter and a mac-1(+) gr-1(+) phenotype expanded in the joints of these mice. lymphocytes with a cd3(-) b220(+) phenotype (i.e. b220(+) b cells) were the major population among lymphocyte subsets in the joints, irrespective of disease. to determine the origin of these leucocyte populations in the joints and ... | 2005 | 15606803 |
| nociceptive sensitivity and opioid antinociception and antihyperalgesia in freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic male and female rats. | the present study was designed to examine sex differences in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and sex differences in opioid antinociception and anti-hyperalgesia. female rats developed inflammation and hyperalgesia faster and exhibited greater peak hyperalgesia than male rats. in arthritic (cfa-treated) rats, lower thresholds were observed during estrus and proestrus, and in nonarthritic (vehicle-treated) rats, lower thresholds were observed during proestrus. morp ... | 2004 | 15608071 |
| enhanced tolerance to autoimmune uveitis in cd200-deficient mice correlates with a pronounced th2 switch in response to antigen challenge. | a single exposure to inhaled ag 10 days before immunization leads to long term, ag-specific tolerance. respiratory tract myeloid apcs are implicated, but how regulation is invoked, and how tolerance is sustained are unclear. this study examines the in vivo function of the myeloid regulatory molecule cd200 in the process of tolerance induction. despite earlier onset of experimental autoimmune uveitis in sham-tolerized, cd200-deficient mice, disease incidence and subsequent severity were actually ... | 2005 | 15611236 |
| local resistance to oxidative stress by overexpression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase limits neointimal formation after angioplasty. | to examine the effects of oxidative stress on neointimal hyperplasia through local overexpression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (cu-zn sod). | 2004 | 15615548 |
| adherence of diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains to epithelial cells. | | 2005 | 15618137 |
| construction and characterization of bivalent shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strains sc608(pcfai) and sc608(pcfai/ltb) that express antigens from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | an invasive strain of shigella flexneri 2a (sc608) has been developed as a vector for the expression and delivery of heterologous antigens. sc608 is an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) derivative of sc602 (icsa iuc), a well-characterized live attenuated vaccine strain which has undergone several clinical trials in human volunteers. when administered orally at a single 10(4) (cfu) dose, sc602 is both immunogenic and efficacious against shigellosis. using asd-based plasmid vectors, we de ... | 2005 | 15618162 |
| enhanced immunoglobulin a response and protection against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the absence of the substance p receptor. | the development of the neurokinin-1 receptor-deficient (nk1r(-/-)) mouse permitted inquiry into the regulation of secretory immunoglobulin a (s-iga) responses by substance p (sp) after oral immunization with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vector expressing colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. in nk1r(-/-) mice, mucosal and serum iga anti-cfa/i fimbrial responses were augmented, while secreted igg anti-cfa/i fimbrial responses remained unaffected ... | 2005 | 15618168 |
| pasteurella multocida toxin activates human monocyte-derived and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro but suppresses antibody production in vivo. | pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells. pmt activates phospholipase c-beta through g(q)alpha, and the activation of this pathway is responsible for its mitogenic activity. here, we investigated the effects of pmt on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddc) in vitro and show a novel activity for pmt. in this regard, pmt activates mddc to mature in a dose-dependent manner through the activation of phospholipase c and subsequent mobilizatio ... | 2005 | 15618179 |
| temporomandibular joint inflammation potentiates the excitability of trigeminal root ganglion neurons innervating the facial skin in rats. | the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that temporomandibular joint (tmj) inflammation alters the excitability of trigeminal root ganglion (trg) neurons innervating the facial skin, by using behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and immunohistochemical approaches. complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) was injected into the rat tmj to produce inflammation. the threshold for escape from mechanical stimulation applied to the orofacial area in tmj-inflamed rats was significantly lower th ... | 2004 | 15625101 |
| isolation of integral membrane proteins of leishmania promastigotes and evaluation of their prophylactic potential in hamsters against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | the integral membrane proteins (imp's) of promastigotes of two virulent strain of leishmania (l.) donovani dd8 and leishmania (l.) infantum lv9 and one avirulent viscerotropic strain leishmania tropica ur6 were extracted by phase separation technique using a non-ionic detergent "triton x-114". this detergent is homogeneous at 0 degrees c but divides in an aqueous phase and a detergent phase at above 20 degrees c. the phase partition resulted in solubilisation of hydrophilic proteins in aqueous p ... | 2005 | 15629362 |