| disseminated histoplasmosis: a rare clinical phenotype with difficult diagnosis. | we describe a rare and interesting case of a 37-year-old man who presented with an intermittent fever, progressive cytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. histopathological examination of a bone marrow smear revealed haemophagocytes and intracellular yeast-like histoplasma capsulatum (h. capsulatum); thus, we prolonged the blood culture duration to detect fungi, and h. capsulatum was detected in the peripheral blood. after the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis, the patient was successfully tre ... | 2017 | 28250930 |
| first case of cd40lg deficiency in ecuador, diagnosed after whole exome sequencing in a patient with severe cutaneous histoplasmosis. | severe infections with histoplasma capsulatum are commonly observed in patient with secondary immunodeficiency disorders. we report a two and a half years old boy previously healthy with disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis. using whole exome sequencing, we found an indel mutation at the cd40lg gene, suggesting a diagnosis of hyper-igm (higm) syndrome, even in the absence of the usual features for the disease. interestingly, the patient lives in a region endemic for histoplasmosis. the unusual ... | 2017 | 28239602 |
| oral histoplasmosis. | a 44-year-old female presented to her general dentist with the chief complaint of a painful mouth sore of 2 weeks duration. clinical examination revealed an irregularly shaped ulcer of the buccal and lingual attached gingiva of the anterior mandible. a biopsy was performed and microscopic evaluation revealed histoplasmosis. histoplasmosis, caused by histoplasma capsulate, is the most common fungal infection in the united states. oral lesions of histoplasmosis are generally associated with the di ... | 2017 | 28220360 |
| use of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for differentiation between paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii in yeast and mycelial phase. | fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) associated with tyramide signal amplification (tsa) using oligonucleotides labeled with non-radioactive fluorophores is a promising technique for detection and differentiation of fungal species in environmental or clinical samples, being suitable for microorganisms which are difficult or even impossible to culture. | 2017 | 28177048 |
| eng1 and exg8 are the major β-glucanases secreted by the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | fungal cell walls contain β-glucan polysaccharides that stimulate immune responses when recognized by host immune cells. the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum minimizes detection of β-glucan by host cells through at least two mechanisms: concealment of β-glucans beneath α-glucans and enzymatic removal of any exposed β-glucan polysaccharides by the secreted glucanase eng1. histoplasma yeasts also secrete the putative glucanase exg8, which may serve a similar role as eng1 in removing exposed ... | 2017 | 28154008 |
| acute disseminated histoplasmosis with atypical lymphocytosis in an immunocompetent host. | 65 year-old-male presented with a one-week history of high grade fever, fatigue and confusion which began abruptly two days after a cystoscopy procedure. past medical history included pulmonary sarcoidosis diagnosed by mediastinal lymph biopsy, diabetes and hypertension. on admission he was febrile and confused with stable vital signs. initial workup included negative head ct and lumbar puncture. blood work revealed normal metabolic and liver function tests with progressive anemia, thrombocytope ... | 2017 | 28070489 |
| [clinical comparative analysis for pulmonary histoplasmosis and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis]. | to compare clinical features, diagnosis and therapeutic effect between pulmonary histoplasmosis and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis.
methods: a retrospective analysis for 12 cases of hospitalized patients with histoplasmosis, who was admitted in xiangya hospital, central south university during the time from february 2009 to october 2015, was carried out. four cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis and 8 cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis were included. the differences of clini ... | 2016 | 28070050 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as diabetic keto-acidosis in an immunocompetent patient. | histoplasma capsulatum causes a spectrum of manifestations from asymptomatic to fatal disseminated disease. disseminated histoplasmosis is mostly seen in endemic areas among immunocompromised patients such as those with aids. here, we present a patient living in a non-endemic area with previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, who presented with septic shock and diabetic ketoacidosis (dka), and was ultimately diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis. the patient rapidly recovered on administra ... | 2017 | 28062431 |
| histoplasma capsulatum in a peripheral blood smear in a non-hiv patient. | | 2017 | 28011982 |
| [disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with aids. buenos aires, 2009-2014]. | a retrospective study was carried out on 171 cases of disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed in hiv/aids patients during the period 2009-2014. although hiv diagnosis rates remained stable over the study period, a sensible increase in the number of histoplasmosis cases was observed in the last three years. disseminated histoplasmosis was prevalent in males with an average age of 37.8 years. at diagnosis, only 54/171 (31.6%) were receiving haart, and cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts ranged from 4 to 264 ce ... | 2016 | 27959839 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis: a challenging differential diagnostic consideration for suspected malignant lesions in the digestive tract. | histoplasmosis is well characterized as an endemic fungal disease restricted to certain areas of the usa. in middle europe, most patients present with acute pulmonary symptoms after travelling to endemic areas. here, we want to illustrate the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with persistent oral ulcers, hoarseness, dysphagia, diarrhea, and weight loss to our department of otorhinolaryngology in december 2014. he was a retired construction worker and had a history of soil-disruptive activi ... | 2017 | 27920657 |
| a rare case of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with disseminated histoplasmosis. | histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungus, histoplasma capsulatum. immunocompetent individuals usually have self-limiting or localized disease whereas immunocompromised individuals develop disseminated disease. the occurrence of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is extremely rare with only one reported case in literature showing such association. therefore, we report a case of severe opportunistic fungal infection caus ... | 2017 | 27904204 |
| uncommon cause of fever in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient: answers. | | 2016 | 27878380 |
| primary histoplasma capsulatum enterocolitis mimicking peptic and inflammatory bowel disease. | in immunocompromised patients, histoplasmosis may present as disseminated disease. we present a 52-year-old caucasian male with symptoms of dyspepsia, postprandial epigastric pain, nausea, and nonbloody diarrhea. upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies were suspicious for inflammatory bowel disease (ibd); however, biopsies were consistent with histoplasmosis, specifically in the duodenum. | 2016 | 27812393 |
| cytodiagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual with molluscum contagiosum-like skin lesions and lymphadenopathy. | disseminated histoplasmosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum (h. capsulatum). the early clinical manifestations are nonspecific, often lead to diagnostic difficulty, and is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and seen usually in immunosuppressed states. fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) is a simple, safe, and quick technique to establish the initial diagnosis of h. capsulatum, thereby prompting early treatment. the skin involvement is rare in disseminated disease and we des ... | 2017 | 27756991 |
| typical facial lesions: a window of suspicion for progressive disseminated histoplasmosis-a case of asian prototype. | histoplasmosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum in endemic areas, mainly america, africa, and asia. in india, it is being reported from most states; however, it is endemic along the ganges belt. we report a case of an apparently immunocompetent male who presented with 3-month history of fever, cough, and weight loss with recent onset odynophagia and had hepatosplenomegaly and mucocutaneous lesions over the face. the differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, lep ... | 2016 | 27752372 |
| usefulness of molecular markers in the diagnosis of occupational and recreational histoplasmosis outbreaks. | histoplasmosis is considered the most important systemic mycosis in mexico, and its diagnosis requires fast and reliable methodologies. the present study evaluated the usefulness of pcr using hcp100 and 1281-1283(220) molecular markers in detecting histoplasma capsulatum in occupational and recreational outbreaks. seven clinical serum samples of infected individuals from three different histoplasmosis outbreaks were processed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to titre anti-h. capsulat ... | 2017 | 27726064 |
| sterol regulatory element binding protein (srb1) is required for hypoxic adaptation and virulence in the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. | the histoplasma capsulatum sterol regulatory element binding protein (srebp), srb1 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh), leucine zipper dna binding protein family of transcription factors that possess a unique tyrosine (y) residue instead of an arginine (r) residue in the bhlh region. we have determined that srb1 message levels increase in a time dependent manner during growth under oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). to further understand the role of srb1 during infection and hypoxia, we ... | 2016 | 27711233 |
| protective effect of galectin-1 during histoplasma capsulatum infection is associated with prostaglandin e2 and nitric oxide modulation. | histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that develops a yeast-like morphology in host's tissue, responsible for the pulmonary disease histoplasmosis. the recent increase in the incidence of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients highlights the need of understanding immunological controls of fungal infections. here, we describe our discovery of the role of endogenous galectin-1 (gal-1) in the immune pathophysiology of experimental histoplasmosis. all infected wild-type (wt) mice surviv ... | 2016 | 27698545 |
| [histoplasma capsulatum disseminated necrotizing granulomatosis]. | | 2017 | 27692830 |
| chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and its clinical significance: an under-reported systemic fungal disease. | histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal mycosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. it is a dimorphic fungus which lives as a saprophyte in the environment and occasionally infects immunosuppressed people. h capsulatum is a ubiquitous fungus present throughout the globe and is more common in the temperate world. human infection with h capsulatum occurs through respiratory route by inhalation of spores present in the air as droplet nuclei. pulmonary histoplasmosis is difficult to diagnose, more so in t ... | 2016 | 27688988 |
| experience of varied presentation of chronic progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a diagnostic conundrum. | we report two cases of chronic progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with unusual and rare clinical picture in a patient with no underlying risk factor. one 50-year-old male, presented with hoarseness of voice, chronic cough, with a history of nonresponding anti-tubercular therapy, revealed mucocutaneous lesions on examination. fungating vocal cord lesions were visualized on bronchoscopy, raised suspicion of carcinoma. the second case, a 22-year-old female, referred to hospital with suspected ... | 2017 | 27688460 |
| laryngeal histoplasmosis. | histoplasmosis is a fungal infection, having interesting synonyms such as cave disease, darling's disease, ohio valley disease, reticuloendotheliosis, spelunker's lung and caver's disease. the aetiological agent is a dimorphic fungus, histoplasma capsulatum, causing chronic granulomatous disease. the route of transmission is by inhalation of dust particles from soil contaminated by excrement of birds or bats, harbouring the small spores or microconidia, which is considered the infectious form of ... | 2016 | 27535733 |
| utility of antigen testing for the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis in four cats: a case series and literature review. | this case series describes the clinical utility of antigen testing for the diagnosis of feline ocular histoplasmosis. four cats with suspected (n = 2) or confirmed (n = 2) ocular histoplasmosis are described: three from oklahoma and one from california. in one case, serial urine antigen tests, as well as a serum antigen test for histoplasma capsulatum, were negative; however, light microscopy identified microorganisms consistent with h capsulatum in ocular tissues at necropsy. in a further two c ... | 2016 | 27527560 |
| clinical and laboratory profile of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and histoplasmosis from a colombian hospital. | histoplasmosis is common among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (plwha) in latin america, but its diagnosis is difficult and often nonspecific. we conducted prospective screening for histoplasmosis among plwha with signs or symptoms suggesting progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (pdh) and hospitalized in hospital la maría in medellín, colombia. the study's aim was to obtain a clinical and laboratory profile of plwha with pdh. during 3 years ... | 2016 | 27481056 |
| zinc induces dendritic cell tolerogenic phenotype and skews regulatory t cell-th17 balance. | zinc (zn) is an essential metal for development and maintenance of both the innate and adaptive compartments of the immune system. zn homeostasis impacts maturation of dendritic cells (dcs) that are important in shaping t cell responses. the mechanisms by which zn regulates the tolerogenic phenotype of dcs remain largely unknown. in this study, we investigated the effect of zn on dc phenotype and the generation of foxp3(+) regulatory t cells (tregs) using a model of histoplasma capsulatum fungal ... | 2016 | 27465530 |
| cd103+ conventional dendritic cells are critical for tlr7/9-dependent host defense against histoplasma capsulatum, an endemic fungal pathogen of humans. | innate immune cells shape the host response to microbial pathogens. here we elucidate critical differences in the molecular response of macrophages vs. dendritic cells (dcs) to histoplasma capsulatum, an intracellular fungal pathogen of humans. it has long been known that macrophages are permissive for histoplasma growth and succumb to infection, whereas dcs restrict fungal growth and survive infection. we used murine macrophages and dcs to identify host pathways that influence fungal proliferat ... | 2016 | 27459510 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis: a fatal opportunistic infection in disguise. | histoplasma capsulatum is no longer confined to certain geographic areas and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy and organomegaly in hiv-positive patients. we present an unusual case of a 20-year-old immunocompromised male of african origin presenting with fever, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and retroperitoneal and cervical lymphadenopathy. fine needle aspiration (fna) smears from the cervical lymph node revealed numerous yeast forms of histoplasma in ma ... | 2017 | 27365926 |
| hczrt2, a zinc responsive gene, is indispensable for the survival of histoplasma capsulatum in vivo. | histoplasma capsulatum (hc) exists in the soil and is capable of adapting to the shift in environment during infection to ensure survival. yeast encounter a restrictive host environment low in nutrients such as zinc. in this study we functionally analyzed a putative zinc regulated transporter, hczrt2, in zinc limiting conditions by complementation of hczrt2 and gene knockdown through rna interference (rnai). complementation analysis demonstrated hczrt2's ability to functionally replace the chara ... | 2016 | 27335059 |
| the mould-specific m46 gene is not essential for yeast-mould dimorphism in the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. | histoplasma capsulatum (hc) is the causative agent for the respiratory infection histoplasmosis. the fungus exists in the environment as a saprophytic multi-cellular mould. spores are inhaled by mammals whereupon the organism will convert into the single-celled yeast morphotype resulting in infection. the shift to the yeast morphotype is required for pathogenesis. most studies on dimorphism have examined yeast-phase-specific genes and few mould-phase-specific genes have been investigated. it is ... | 2016 | 27335057 |
| antibody binding alters the characteristics and contents of extracellular vesicles released by histoplasma capsulatum. | histoplasma capsulatum produces extracellular vesicles containing virulence-associated molecules capable of modulating host machinery, benefiting the pathogen. treatment of h. capsulatum cells with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) can change the outcome of infection in mice. we evaluated the sizes, enzymatic contents, and proteomic profiles of the vesicles released by fungal cells treated with either protective mab 6b7 (igg1) or nonprotective mab 7b6 (igg2b), both of which bind h. capsulatum heat sh ... | 2017 | 27303729 |
| inverse correlation between il-10 and hif-1α in macrophages infected with histoplasma capsulatum. | hypoxia-inducible factor (hif)-1α is a transcription factor that regulates metabolic and immune response genes in the setting of low oxygen tension and inflammation. we investigated the function of hif-1α in the host response to histoplasma capsulatum because granulomas induced by this pathogenic fungus develop hypoxic microenvironments during the early adaptive immune response. in this study, we demonstrated that myeloid hif-1α-deficient mice exhibited elevated fungal burden during the innate i ... | 2016 | 27271565 |
| worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus histoplasma. | histoplasma capsulatum comprises a worldwide complex of saprobiotic fungi mainly found in nitrogen/phosphate (often bird guano) enriched soils. the microconidia of histoplasma species may be inhaled by mammalian hosts, and is followed by a rapid conversion to yeast that can persist in host tissues causing histoplasmosis, a deep pulmonary/systemic mycosis. histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato is a complex of at least eight clades geographically distributed as follows: australia, netherlands, eurasia ... | 2016 | 27248851 |
| histoplasma capsulatum sinusitis: possible way of revelation to the disseminated form of histoplasmosis in hiv patients: case report and literature review. | histoplasma capsulatum is rarely found in nose and sinuses in immunocompetent and even in immunosupressed patients. a literature review revealed rare cases of h. capsulatum sinusitis and the case we describe in this paper is the first case of h. capsulatum sinusitis in morocco. the purpose of our work is to present a rare case of h. capsulatum sinusitis and a literature review. | 2016 | 27227446 |
| primary cutaneous histoplasmosis mimicking basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid: a case report and review of literature. | we present the case of a 46 years old gentleman with longstanding ulcerative lesion of the right upper eyelid. biopsy of the lesion revealed intracellular periodic acid-schiff positive round to oval organisms with a surrounding clear halo suggestive of histoplasmosis. histoplasma capsulatum specific polymerase chain reaction was positive. the patient was treated with oral antifungals and showed a prompt response to treatment. we report this rare case of primary cutaneous histoplasmosis of the ey ... | 2016 | 27166049 |
| central nervous system histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. | neurohistoplasmosis is a rare disease, most prevalent in immunosuppressed patients, secondary to disseminated disease with a high mortality rate when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. we report a previously healthy 12 year old girl, from a bat infested region of tucuman province, argentine republic, who developed meningoencephalitis due to histoplasma capsulatum. eighteen months prior to admission the patient started with headaches and intermittent fever. the images of the central nervous sys ... | 2016 | 27164351 |
| [acute and chronic mediastinitis]. | a systematic approach to the etiology and possible course of acute mediastinitis is a prerequisite for adequate diagnostics and therapy. chronic mediastinitis represents a rarity in the clinical practice. | 2016 | 27138268 |
| adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients presenting as adrenal insufficiency. | histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum, endemic in central and eastern states of united states, south america and africa. india is considered to be non-endemic area for histoplasmosis. disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. disseminated histoplasmosis with asymptomatic adrenal involvement has been described in immunocompromised patients; whereas isolated adrenal involvement with adrenal insufficiency as the presenting man ... | 2016 | 27136109 |
| trimming surface sugars protects histoplasma from immune attack. | dectin-1 is an essential innate immune receptor that recognizes β-glucans in fungal cell walls. its importance is underscored by the mechanisms that fungal pathogens have evolved to avoid detection by this receptor. one such pathogen is histoplasma capsulatum, and in a recent article in mbio, rappleye's group presented data showing that yeasts of this organism secrete a β-glucanase, eng1, which acts to prune β-glucans that are exposed on the fungal cell surface [a. l. garfoot et al., mbio 7(2):e ... | 2016 | 27118584 |
| intestinal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent adults. | to present a retrospective analysis of clinical and endoscopic features of 4 cases of immunocompetent hosts with intestinal histoplasmosis (ih). | 2016 | 27099446 |
| the eng1 β-glucanase enhances histoplasma virulence by reducing β-glucan exposure. | the fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum parasitizes host phagocytes. to avoid antimicrobial immune responses, histoplasma yeasts must minimize their detection by host receptors while simultaneously interacting with the phagocyte. pathogenic histoplasma yeast cells, but not avirulent mycelial cells, secrete the eng1 protein, which is a member of the glycosylhydrolase 81 (gh81) family. we show that histoplasma eng1 is a glucanase that hydrolyzes β-(1,3)-glycosyl linkages but is not required for ... | 2016 | 27094334 |
| eosinophils subvert host resistance to an intracellular pathogen by instigating non-protective il-4 in ccr2(-/-) mice. | eosinophils contribute to type ii immune responses in helminth infections and allergic diseases; however, their influence on intracellular pathogens is less clear. we previously reported that ccr2(-/-) mice exposed to the intracellular fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum exhibit dampened immunity caused by an early exaggerated interleukin (il)-4 response. we sought to identify the cellular source promulgating il-4 in infected mutant animals. eosinophils were the principal instigators of non-p ... | 2017 | 27049063 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis with skin lesions and osteomyelitis in a patient from the philippines. | histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum, is a disease of protean manifestations and of global distribution. although increasingly reported in asia, there are few reports from the philippines. here, we describe a case of microbiologically diagnosed histoplasmosis, probably acquired from the philippines, in a returning traveler who presented with a right foot wound and papular rash. the final diagnosis was disseminated histoplasmosis with cutaneous and bone involvemen ... | 2016 | 26976880 |
| systemic fungal infection by histoplasma capsulatum: intracellular fungus in peripheral leukocytes. | | 2017 | 26969780 |
| cutaneous presentation of disseminated histoplasmosis as a solitary peri-anal ulcer. case report and discussion. | disseminated histoplasmosis has a diverse and non-specific range of clinical signs and symptoms. in a significant minority of patients, cutaneous lesions are apparent at the time of initial presentation, affording an opportunity to establish the diagnosis from a skin biopsy. the most frequently reported clinical scenario in immunocompromised patients with cutaneous involvement is that of multiple papulo-nodular lesions on the face, trunk or extremities. the following report features an immunocom ... | 2016 | 26969605 |
| revisiting old friends: developments in understanding histoplasma capsulatum pathogenesis. | histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus and causative agent of histoplasmosis, which is a respiratory and systemic infection that is particularly severe in immunocompromised hosts and represents the fungal homolog of tuberculosis. in highly endemic regions, the majority of individuals have been infected and carry the organism in a persistent latent form that is a danger for reactivation if host defenses are suppressed. h. capsulatum has been a model organism for intracellular pat ... | 2016 | 26920886 |
| [subacute diseminated histoplasmosis in hiv patients]. | histoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan mycosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. it is endemic of río de la plata's riverbed and in immunocompromised patients may be deadly. we present two patients with human immunodeficiency virus diagnosed with subacute disseminated histoplasmosis, which is a marker of acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome. this situation increases the morbimortality, thus forcing clinicians to diagnose and treat rapidly in order to avoid fatal outcomes. | 2015 | 26913802 |
| validation of western blot for histoplasma capsulatum antibody detection assay. | histoplasmosis is worldwide systemic mycoses caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. the isolation and identification of h. capsulatum in culture is the reference test for histoplasmosis diagnosis confirmation. however, in the absence of it, serology has been used as a presumptive diagnosis through antibody and antigen detection. the purpose of the present study was to validate an immunoassay method (western blot) for antibodies detection in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. | 2016 | 26905567 |
| central nervous system histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | involvement of the central nervous system (cns) by histoplasma capsulatum in aids is uncommon and not easily recognized. | 2016 | 26897273 |
| a case of a 4-year-old boy with a mesenteric chylous cyst infected with histoplasma capsulatum. | mesenteric cysts are uncommon entities and chyle- (lymph-) containing cysts are the rarest of this group. this is a case report of a 4-year-old boy with a mesenteric chylous cyst who was later found to have histoplasma capsulatum infection. | 2016 | 26881169 |
| histoplasmosis myositis: a case report and literature review. | disseminated histoplasmosis is an aids-defining illness that can affect multiple organ systems. myositis due to histoplasmosis is rare in hiv infected patients. we report here an hiv-infected patient who presented with myositis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. her hiv was under poor control and her cd4 cell count was only 11 cells/mm3. she responded well to treatment but later succumbed to another opportunistic infection. the literature on disseminated histoplasmosis is reviewed. | 2015 | 26867394 |
| histoplasma capsulatum: an unusual case of pericardial effusion and coarctation of the aorta. | histoplasma capsulatum is a fungus that is endemic in many parts of the world and can present with a wide variety of symptoms. here we present a case of a previously healthy 19-year-old female who presented with shortness of breath. she was found to have a right lung mass and coarctation of the aorta on computed tomography imaging. pathology revealed granuloma caused by histoplasma capsulatum. she later developed massive pericardial effusion, requiring emergent pericardiocentesis. she was treate ... | 2016 | 26858801 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed on bone marrow aspirate - a rare presentation from a non-endemic area. | histoplasmosis causing systemic fungal infection is commonly seen in endemic areas. in india, disease prevalence is more in eastern part of the country and there have been very few reports from southern part of india. the occurrence of disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individual is rare. we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual with no underlying risk factors. the disease was not suspected clinically and was diagnosed by bone marrow aspirate ... | 2015 | 26816901 |
| global profiling of lysine acetylation in human histoplasmosis pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of human histoplasmosis, which can cause respiratory and systemic mycosis in immune-compromised individuals. lysine acetylation, a protein posttranslational protein modification, is widespread in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. although increasing evidence suggests that lysine acetylation may play critical roles in fungus physiology, very little is known about its extent and function in h. capsulatum. to comprehensively profile protein lysine acetyl ... | 2016 | 26806293 |
| improved diagnosis of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis by combining antigen and antibody detection. | acute pulmonary histoplasmosis can be severe, especially following heavy inoculum exposure. rapid diagnosis is critical and often possible by detection of antigen, but this test may be falsely negative in 17% of such cases. antibody detection by enzyme immunoassay (eia) may increase sensitivity and permit the measurement of immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) classes of antibodies separately. | 2016 | 26797210 |
| an intracellular arrangement of histoplasma capsulatum yeast-aggregates generates nuclear damage to the cultured murine alveolar macrophages. | histoplasma capsulatum is responsible for a human systemic mycosis that primarily affects lung tissue. macrophages are the major effector cells in humans that respond to the fungus, and the development of respiratory disease depends on the ability of histoplasma yeast cells to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. therefore, the interaction between macrophages and h. capsulatum is a decisive step in the yeast dissemination into host tissues. although the role played by components of ... | 2015 | 26793172 |
| scleritis due to histoplasmosis. | to describe the first-documented case of histoplasma scleritis in an immunocompetent patient. | 2016 | 26764883 |
| update on the spectrum of histoplasmosis among hispanic patients presenting to a new york city municipal hospital: a contemporary case series. | histoplasma capsulatum is the most common endemic mycosis worldwide. although most of the globe's largest urban hubs fall outside this organism's regions of endemicity, clinicians practicing in a metropolis like new york city or los angeles must nevertheless remain vigilant for histoplasmosis because of the large immigrant population that is served by its hospitals. h. capsulatum infection ranges from asymptomatic pulmonary infection to life-threatening diffuse pneumonia with dissemination. the ... | 2015 | 26744657 |
| histoplasmosis presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy: a rare presentation. | histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by inhaling the spores of a fungus called histoplasma capsulatum. disseminated histoplasmosis is the most common form associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). here, we report a case of histoplasmosis presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient diagnosed by a less invasive method (fine-needle aspiration cytology) and confirmed by fungal culture of fine-needle ... | 2017 | 26729981 |
| the dual effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation on murine immune functions. | we aimed to evaluate the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation on the cellular migration during inflammation, the peritoneal macrophage phenotype and the infectious stimulus outcomes. a/j mice were inoculated with thioglycollate and exposed to paradoxical sleep deprivation. sleep-deprived animals presented decreased cell migration compared to controls. nitric oxide production was reduced in macrophages from sleep-deprived mice compared to controls. cell surface analysis showed that sleep depri ... | 2016 | 26711562 |
| histoplasmosis presenting as a laryngeal ulcer in an immunocompetent host. | histoplasmosis is a granulomatous disease of worldwide distribution caused by a dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. majority of primary infections in immunocompetent hosts are asymptomatic or may present with flu-like illness. histoplasmosis may occur in three forms: (i) primary acute pulmonary form, (ii) chronic pulmonary and (iii) disseminated form. the manifestations of disseminated form of histoplasmosis are fever, weakness, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and mucocutaneous lesions. th ... | 2015 | 26710405 |
| detection of histoplasma capsulatum from clinical specimens by cycling probe-based real-time pcr and nested real-time pcr. | we developed new cycling probe-based real-time pcr and nested real-time pcr assays for the detection of histoplasma capsulatum that were designed to detect the gene encoding n-acetylated α-linked acidic dipeptidase (naaladase), which we previously identified as an h. capsulatum antigen reacting with sera from patients with histoplasmosis. both assays specifically detected the dnas of all h. capsulatum strains but not those of other fungi or human dna. the limited of detection (lod) of the real-t ... | 2016 | 26705837 |
| severe pulmonic valve regurgitation due to histoplasma endocarditis. | a 67-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome, disseminated histoplasmosis, and mitral valve replacement presented with dyspnea and peripheral edema. transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated abnormal pulmonic valve with possible vegetation. color flow imaging showed laminar flow from main pulmonary artery into right ventricular outflow tract (rvot) in diastole. the continuous wave doppler signal showed dense diastolic envelope with steep deceleration slope. these findings were consistent wi ... | 2015 | 26693325 |
| diagnosis of hiv infection on the basis of histoplasmosis-related oral ulceration. | histoplasmosis is an endemic systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. in immunocompromised patients, histoplasmosis generally occurs as an opportunistic disease, with dissemination to various organs. cutaneous involvement is observed in 38% to 85% of cases, with oral mucosal involvement in 30% to 60% of cases. this article describes the case study of a 32-year-old woman who presented an extensive tongue ulcer due to histoplasmosis and had the hiv infection diagnosi ... | 2016 | 26597996 |
| the use of genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a systematic review. | histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungal pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. this disease has worldwide distribution and affects mainly immunocompromised individuals. in the environment, h. capsulatum grows as mold but undergoes a morphologic transition to the yeast morphotype under special conditions. molecular techniques are important tools to conduct epidemiologic investigations for fungal detection, identification of infection so ... | 2016 | 26589702 |
| molecular identification of histoplasma capsulatum using rolling circle amplification. | histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease that occurs worldwide, causing symptomatic infection mostly in immunocompromised hosts. etiological agent is the dimorphic fungus, histoplasma capsulatum, which occurs in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings. major limitation in recognition of h. capsulatum infections is the low awareness, since other diseases may have similar symptomatology. the molecular methods have gained importance because of unambiguous diagnostic ability and efficiency. ... | 2016 | 26578301 |
| erythropoietin exacerbates inflammation and increases the mortality of histoplasma capsulatum-infected mice. | erythropoietin (epo) is a key hormone involved in red blood cell formation, but its effects on nonerythroid cells, such as macrophages, have not been described. macrophages are key cells in controlling histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum (hc). considering that little is known about epo's role during fungal infections and its capacity to activate macrophages, in this study we investigated the impact of epo pretreatment on the alveolar immune response during hc infe ... | 2015 | 26538835 |
| yeast transcriptome and in vivo hypoxia detection reveals histoplasma capsulatum response to low oxygen tension. | although there is growing understanding of the microenvironmental conditions fungal pathogens encounter as they colonize their host, nothing is known about histoplasma capsulatum's response to hypoxia. here we characterized hypoxia during murine histoplasmosis using an in vivo hypoxia detection agent, hypoxyprobe-2 (hp-2); and analyzed h. capsulatum's transcriptional profile in response to in vitro hypoxia. immunohistopathology and flow cytometry analyses revealed distinct regions of hypoxia dur ... | 2016 | 26483436 |
| burden of serious fungal infections in trinidad and tobago. | the information on the prevalence of fungal infections in the caribbean region including trinidad and tobago (population 1,339,000 million) is scanty. tinea capitis is common in children, being predominant in those of african descent, with no definitive estimate. asthma is also common affecting 77,000-139,000 adults with an estimated 1927-3491 affected by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and 2544-4608 with severe asthma and fungal sensitisation (safs). an estimated 23,763 women hav ... | 2015 | 26449511 |
| histoplasmosis-induced hemophagocytic syndrome: a case series and review of the literature. | background. histoplasmosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a relatively rare disorder for which data are limited regarding optimal treatment and clinical outcomes in adults. we describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with histoplasmosis-associated hlh at our institution. methods. we performed a retrospective chart review of all inpatients at parkland hospital diagnosed with hlh associated with histoplasma capsulatum from 2003 to 2013. results. ... | 2015 | 26380347 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome in a non-hiv patient. | histoplasma duboisii, a variant of histoplasma capsulatum that causes "african histoplasmosis," can be resistant to itraconazole, requiring intravenous amphotericin b treatment. rarely, these patients do not respond to intravenous antifungal therapy, and in such cases, patients may progress to develop secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh). we present a case of a 34-year-old male patient with sickle cell disease who presented with a 5-month history of an enlarging painless axillary m ... | 2015 | 26347828 |
| macrophage cell death and transcriptional response are actively triggered by the fungal virulence factor cbp1 during h. capsulatum infection. | microbial pathogens induce or inhibit death of host cells during infection, with significant consequences for virulence and disease progression. death of an infected host cell can either facilitate release and dissemination of intracellular pathogens or promote pathogen clearance. histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular fungal pathogen that replicates robustly within macrophages and triggers macrophage lysis by unknown means. to identify h. capsulatum effectors of macrophage lysis, we perform ... | 2015 | 26288377 |
| profile of cytokines in the lungs of balb/c mice after intra-nasal infection with histoplasma capsulatum mycelial propagules. | the host pulmonary response to the fungus histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated, through the profile of cytokines detected by the magpix magnetic beads platform in lung homogenates and by lung-granulomas formation, from mice intra-nasally infected with mycelial propagules (m-phase) of two virulent h. capsulatum strains, eh-46 and g-217b. results highlight that mice lung inflammatory response depends on the h. capsulatum strain used, during the first step of the fungal infection. il-1β and tnf-α i ... | 2015 | 26264521 |
| histoplasmosis with deep cns involvement: case presentation with discussion and literature review. | central nervous system (cns) histoplasmosis is rare and difficult to diagnose because it is often overlooked or mistaken for other pathologies due to its nonspecific symptoms. a 32-year-old hispanic man with advanced acquired immunodeficiency virus presented with altered mental status and reported confusion for the past 3 months. he had a glasgow coma scale of 12, repetitive nonfluent speech, and a disconjugate gaze with a right gaze preference. lung computed tomography (ct) findings indicated a ... | 2015 | 26251798 |
| quantitative microplate-based growth assay for determination of antifungal susceptibility of histoplasma capsulatum yeasts. | standardized methodologies for determining the antifungal susceptibility of fungal pathogens is central to the clinical management of invasive fungal disease. yeast-form fungi can be tested using broth macrodilution and microdilution assays. reference procedures exist for candida species and cryptococcus yeasts; however, no standardized methods have been developed for testing the antifungal susceptibility of yeast forms of the dimorphic systemic fungal pathogens. for the dimorphic fungal pathoge ... | 2015 | 26246483 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent haweli dweller: a diagnosis and follow-up by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. | endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (eus-fna) is nowadays widespread minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing a large number of benign as well as malignant lesions. we report a case of a 62-year-old immunocompetent elderly male, who presented with high-grade fever, hepatosplenomegaly and mediastinal and intra-abdominal lymph nodes. he was residing in an old haweli with bats infestation. eus-fna of the subcarinal and the preaortic lymph node clinched the diagnosis. a rapid on-s ... | 2017 | 26229257 |
| acalculous cholecystitis due to histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with hiv infection. | although acalculous cholecystitis typically occurs in critically ill individuals, it has been described in patients with hiv infection. recognition of aids-related acalculous cholecystitis is important for gastroenterologists to provide optimal therapy, since many different opportunistic pathogens may be involved. histoplasma capsulatum causes a wide spectrum of infectious sequelae, including disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with hiv infection, but biliary tract involvement has been descr ... | 2015 | 26203453 |
| systemic canine histoplasmosis: a case report from ecuador. | histoplasmosis is a zoonotic systemic mycosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum. we report a case of a female canine, 4 years old, presenting multifocal lymphadenitis and skin and gingival lesions, in ecuador. based on cytological, histopathological, histochemical analyses, fungal culture and dna sequencing of the its region of the fungus, the diagnosis confirmed the presence of h. capsulatum as the agent of infection. the treatment plan included ketoconazole with a satisfactory outcome. | 2015 | 26199868 |
| genome-wide reprogramming of transcript architecture by temperature specifies the developmental states of the human pathogen histoplasma. | eukaryotic cells integrate layers of gene regulation to coordinate complex cellular processes; however, mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulation remain poorly studied. the human fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum (hc) responds to environmental or host temperature by initiating unique transcriptional programs to specify multicellular (hyphae) or unicellular (yeast) developmental states that function in infectivity or pathogenesis, respectively. here we used recent advances in next-g ... | 2015 | 26177267 |
| a diagnostic predicament: activated sarcoidosis or pulmonary histoplasmosis. a case report. | we report a case of a 41-year-old man presenting with persisting fevers over 2 weeks. the patient had spent 4 weeks in central america. he was in control of a stable stage ii sarcoidosis. laboratory and various microbiological tests as well as chest radiography led to no diagnosis. activated sarcoidosis was hypothesized as the most likely diagnosis. however, we considered an infectious process as a differential diagnosis, in detail, the travel history imposed histoplasmosis. chest-ct documented ... | 2015 | 26152858 |
| tb or not tb--persistent cough, fever and night sweats in a 46-year-old traveler returning from south america. | | 2016 | 26148650 |
| a novel method of combining periodic acid schiff staining with wright-giemsa staining to identify the pathogens penicillium marneffei, histoplasma capsulatum, mucor and leishmania donovani in bone marrow smears. | penicillium marneffei, histoplasma capsulatum, mucor and leishmania donovani can lead to penicilliosis marneffei, histoplasmosis, mucormycosis and leishmaniasis, respectively, which, to a certain extent, share similar clinical manifestations. these pathogens are approximately the same size, therefore it is relatively difficult to rapidly diagnose the diseases. the aim of the present study was to explore a novel method that attempts to rapidly identify the pathogens of these diseases. in the wrig ... | 2015 | 26136921 |
| histoplasmosis diagnosed after arthroscopy of the knee: case report. | fungal arthritis is a rare complication of arthroscopic surgeries, but its possibility should always be considered due its deleterious effects on any joint. infection caused by the fungus histoplasma capsulatum is the most common cause of respiratory tract infections by fungi, meanwhile histoplasmosis arthritis is more rare than all other fungal infections. however, their atypical forms of arthritis and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment cannot be over-emphasized. herein we report a ... | 2015 | 26119849 |
| [imported histoplasmosis]. | infections with histoplasma capsulatum are rare in germany, and mostly imported from endemic areas. infections can present as localized or disseminated diseases in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent hosts. a travel history may be a major clue for diagnosing histoplasmosis. diagnostic tools include histology, cultural and molecular detection as well as serology. here we present four cases of patients diagnosed and treated in freiburg between 2004 and 2013 that demonstrate the broad rang ... | 2015 | 26069920 |
| [imported systemic mycoses: are we prepared to diagnose these infections?]. | although histoplasma capsulatum obviously has been causing infections in animals in northern europe, there are no proven autochthonous histoplasmoses in humans. possibly the increase of coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) in the usa may also lead to more frequently imported infections in germany. it seems to be plausible that climate change will influence the distribution of obligate fungal pathogens. | 2015 | 26069912 |
| histoplasma capsulatum, lung infection and immunity. | histoplasma capsulatum, an environmental fungus, is the most common endemic pulmonary mycosis in the usa. disease is most frequently observed in immunocompromised patients living in endemic areas. we present the mechanisms of fungal recognition, innate immune response and adaptive immune response that lead to protection or exacerbation of disease. current understanding of these mechanisms is the result of a continuing dialogue between clinical observations and murine studies. mice are a powerful ... | 2015 | 26059620 |
| histoplasmosis and skin lesions in hiv: a safe and accurate diagnosis. | human histoplasmosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum. this infection can run asymptomatic or be life-threatening, depending fundamentally on the host's immune status. immunocompromised patients can present disseminated disease to the skin, making the biopsy an accessible approach. the current diagnosis gold standard is fungal culture which takes several days or weeks to grow and must be handled in a biosafe laboratory which is avoided if we use the technique here describ ... | 2015 | 26010684 |
| histoplasmosis in idaho and montana, usa, 2012-2013. | | 2015 | 25989199 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals- not a so rare entity, in india. | histoplasmosis is a rare fungal disease caused by dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum. the causative fungus persists in soil, infects through inhalation and manifests in three main types-acute primary, chronic cavitary and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. disseminated histoplasmosis (dh) is defined as a clinical condition where the fungus is present in more than one location. among the forms of histoplasmosis, dh is the rarest and mostly found in an immuno-compromised individual. here ... | 2015 | 25960856 |
| fibrosing mediastinitis complicating prior histoplasmosis is associated with human leukocyte antigen dqb1*04:02 - a case control study. | fibrosing mediastinitis (fm) is an idiosyncratic reaction to infection with histoplasma capsulatum with a prevalence of 3:100,000 people infected. the rarity of post-histoplasmosis fibrosing mediastinitis (phfm) in areas where h. capsulatum is endemic suggests that an abnormal immunological host response may be responsible for the development of fibrosis. our group previously reported an association between subjects with phfm and human leukocyte antigen (hla)-a*02. we sought to confirm or extend ... | 2015 | 25940591 |
| ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. | ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (ohs) is a chorioretinal disorder with a distinct fundus appearance that is commonly found in regions endemic for histoplasma capsulatum. choroidal neovascularization (cnv) secondary to ohs is considered one of the principal causes of central vision loss among young adults in endemic areas. although there is no consensus regarding its pathogenesis, evidence points to histoplasma capsulatum as the most probable etiology. once considered an intractable hemorrhagic ma ... | 2015 | 25841248 |
| chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis in a non-hiv and immunocompromised patient without overseas travel history. | korea is not known as an endemic area for histoplasma. however, we experienced a case of histoplasmosis in a person who had never been abroad. a 65-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of multiple lung nodules. a computed tomography (ct) scan of the chest showed multiple ill-defined consolidations and cavitations in all lobes of both lungs. the patient underwent a ct-guided lung biopsy, and a histopathology study showed findings compatible with histoplasmosis. based on bio ... | 2015 | 25837199 |
| diagnosis of histoplasmosis on lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology utilizing giemsa stain: a report of three cases. | histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals. disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. the lymph node is frequently involved in the reticuloendothelial dissemination. histoplasmosis of the lymph node can mimic tuberculosis clinically and cytomorphologically. fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) is an effective method for differentiating the two. the histoplasma yeast forms are small and usually intrac ... | 2014 | 25804004 |
| tenosynovitis of the wrist and thumb and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by histoplasma capsulatum: case report and review of the literature. | a patient presenting with acute carpal tunnel syndrome and swelling and pain in the wrist and thumb is presented. an open carpal tunnel release and tenosynovectomy were performed with biopsy specimen revealing infection with histoplasma capsulatum. the case is discussed in context of the prior scant literature of tenosynovitis of the wrist and hand caused by histoplasmosis. | 2015 | 25762883 |
| lymphnodal co-infection of cryptococcus and histoplasma in a hiv-infected patient and review of published reports. | human infection with histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus runs the gamut from asymptomatic illness to disseminated disease. though both are the most prevalent systemic mycoses in hiv-infected patients, simultaneous infection by both the pathogens rarely occurs. we document the first case from asian subcontinent with concurrent infection with disseminated cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis infections in a hiv-infected indian patient diagnosed by morphological examination of fine-needle aspirati ... | 2015 | 25743378 |
| impairment of neutrophil migration to remote inflammatory site during lung histoplasmosis. | histoplasma capsulatum (hc) induces a pulmonary disease in which leukotrienes promote activation and recruitment of effectors cells. it is also well-recognized that leukotriene b4 (ltb4) and platelet-activating factor (paf) induce leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites. we investigated the impact of pulmonary hc infection on pmn migration to a remote inflammatory site. our results show that pulmonary hc infection impairs ltb4- or paf-stimulated pmn recruitment to air pouch. yet, remote infl ... | 2015 | 25710004 |
| n-acetylated α-linked acidic dipeptidase is identified as an antigen of histoplasma capsulatum. | histoplasmosis, one of the most important mycoses, needs to be diagnosed rapidly and accurately. the main method used to diagnose histoplasmosis is serological detection of antibodies to the histoplasma capsulatum h and m antigens. several other protein antigens have been reported in h. capsulatum; however, they have not been used for diagnosis. in this study, we explored novel antigens that were detected during h. capsulatum infection. we obtained a protein mixture from h. capsulatum yeast cell ... | 2015 | 25680469 |
| histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin b, itraconazole and farnesol. | it is believed that most microbial infections are caused by pathogens organized in biofilms. recently, it was shown that the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulatum, estimated to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory diseases, is also able to form biofilm. although the antifungal therapy commonly used is effective, refractory cases and recurrences have been reported. in the search for new compounds with antimicrobial activity, the sesquiterpene farnesol has gained prominence for its ant ... | 2015 | 25657300 |
| reevaluation of commercial reagents for detection of histoplasma capsulatum antigen in urine. | detection of the histoplasma capsulatum urinary antigen (uag) is among the most sensitive and rapid means to diagnose histoplasmosis. previously, we evaluated analyte-specific reagents (asr) manufactured by immy (norman, ok) for detection of histoplasma galactomannan (gm) in urine using an enzyme immunoassay (eia), and we showed low positive agreement (64.5%) with the miravista (mvista) histoplasma antigen (ag) quantitative eia (miravista diagnostics, indianapolis, in). here we reevaluated the i ... | 2015 | 25631806 |
| endogenous histoplasma capsulatum endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient. | to report on a case of histoplasma capsulatum endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient. | 2015 | 25612657 |