| assignment of the aliphatic 1h and 13c resonances of the bacillus subtilis glucose permease iia domain using double- and triple-resonance heteronuclear three-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. | nearly complete assignment of the aliphatic 1h and 13c resonances of the iiaglc domain of bacillus subtilis has been achieved using a combination of double- and triple-resonance three-dimensional (3d) nmr experiments. a constant-time 3d triple-resonance hca(co)n experiment, which correlates the 1h alpha and 13c alpha chemical shifts of one residue with the amide 15n chemical shift of the following residue, was used to obtain sequence-specific assignments of the 13c alpha resonances. the 1h alpha ... | 1992 | 1581296 |
| expression in bacillus subtilis of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from trypanosoma brucei. | the cloned t brucei gapdh gene was inserted within the b subtilis gapdh gene, carried by puc18. upon transformation of b subtilis by this plasmid, not able to replicate in this host, the whole plasmid was inserted in the resident chromosome, presumably by a single recombination event between homologous, chromosomal and plasmid-borne sequences. the heterologous gene was expressed, as revealed by immunological reaction with monoclonal antibodies, recognizing specifically t brucei gapdh. t brucei g ... | 1992 | 1581389 |
| histone h4-related osteogenic growth peptide (ogp): a novel circulating stimulator of osteoblastic activity. | it has been established that regenerating marrow induces an osteogenic response in distant skeletal sites and that this activity is mediated by factors released into the circulation by the healing tissue. in the present study we have characterized one of these factors, a 14 amino acid peptide named osteogenic growth peptide (ogp). synthetic ogp, identical in structure to the native molecule, stimulates the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblastic cells in vitro and increas ... | 1992 | 1582415 |
| identification of a gene in bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spp1 determining the amount of packaged dna. | the virulent bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spp1 encapsidates its dna by a headful mechanism. analyzing phage missense mutants, which package less dna than spp1 wild-type but show no other affected properties, we have identified a gene whose product is involved in the sizing of phage dna during maturation. characterization of this gene and its product provides an experimental access to the poorly understood mechanism of dna sizing in packaging. the gene (gene 6 or siz) was cloned and sequenced. ... | 1992 | 1583695 |
| modular expression and secretion vectors for bacillus subtilis. | a modular vector system has been developed for the extracellular production of heterologous proteins in bacillus subtilis. this modular vector system consists of four secretion vectors which are based upon the genes encoding the bacillus amyloliquefaciens extracellular alkaline protease, neutral protease, barnase and levansucrase. the modular vectors contain compatible restriction sites downstream from the signal peptide-coding region. three reporter proteins (staphylococcal protein a, levansucr ... | 1992 | 1587474 |
| listeriolysin o is a target of the immune response to listeria monocytogenes. | the immunologic mechanism of protective immunity to the intracellular parasite listeria monocytogenes (lm) is not well understood, however, antilisterial immunity can be adoptively transferred with t lymphocytes from lm-immune donors. the lm-immune cells are believed to produce macrophage-activating lymphokines, which leads to the eventual macrophage-dependent eradication of the bacterium. increasing evidence suggests that immunity to lm resides exclusively within the cd8+ t cell subset. it is p ... | 1992 | 1588276 |
| substrate specificity of isopenicillin n synthase. | highly purified isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) from two sources (naturally occurring in penicillium chrysogenum and that expressed in escherichia coli via a cloned gene derived from cephalosporium acremonium) have been isolated and utilized in vitro to test synthetic modifications of the natural substrate, (l-alpha-amino-delta-adipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv). a very sensitive procedure utilizing the ability of beta-lactams to induce the synthesis of beta-lactamase was employed to determine w ... | 1992 | 1588566 |
| the autocatalytic processing of the subtilisin carlsberg pro-region is independent of the primary structure of the cleavage site. | subtilisins are extracellular seryl-proteases produced by bacilli (markland and emil, 1971). in addition to signal sequences, these proteases have n-terminal extensions (pro-regions) which have also been identified in several other proteases (silen et al., 1988; vasantha et al., 1984; polhner et al., 1987; henderson et al., 1987; yanagida et al., 1986; takagi et al., 1985). the pro-region holds the pro-protease associated with the membrane and release of the protease takes place as a result of p ... | 1992 | 1588813 |
| allelic exchange in pseudomonas aeruginosa using novel cole1-type vectors and a family of cassettes containing a portable orit and the counter-selectable bacillus subtilis sacb marker. | an improved method for allele replacement in pseudomonas aeruginosa was developed. the two main ingredients of the method are: (i) novel cole1-type cloning vectors derived from pbr322 and puc19; and (ii) a family of cassettes containing a portable orit, the sacb gene from bacillus subtilis as a counter-selectable marker, and a chloramphenicol-resistance gene allowing positive selection of both orit and sacb. introduction of plasmid-borne dna into the chromosome was achieved in several steps. the ... | 1992 | 1588818 |
| identification of the structural genes for n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase and its modifier in bacillus subtilis 168: inactivation of these genes by insertional mutagenesis has no effect on growth or cell separation. | the region of the bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome that contains the structural genes for the major vegetative cell autolysin, (n-acetyl-muramoyl-l-alanine amidase), and its modifier protein has been cloned. insertional mutagenesis with integrative plasmids carrying small dna fragments from this region has revealed that both genes are located on a 4 kb fragment; they are organised in one transcription unit, the modifier being transcribed first. studies of derivatives in which either the amidase ... | 1992 | 1588906 |
| regulation of the bacillus subtilis w23 xylose utilization operon: interaction of the xyl repressor with the xyl operator and the inducer xylose. | a crude protein extract of bacillus subtilis w23 contains a sequence-specific dna binding activity for the xyl operator as detected by the gel mobility shift assay. a xylr determinant encoded on a multicopy plasmid leads to increased expression of this binding activity. in situ footprinting analysis of the protein-dna complex in a polyacrylamide gel shows that the xyl operator is sequence-specifically bound and protected from cleavage by copper-phenanthroline at 26 phosphodiester bonds on each s ... | 1992 | 1588910 |
| expression of luciferase genes from different origins in bacillus subtilis. | a group of vectors for luciferase expression in bacillus subtilis was constructed. so far, only bacterial luciferases have been expressed in bacillus, but in this study we wanted also to express genes encoding eukaryotic luciferases to perform direct comparisons of the light levels produced by the two different systems in b. subtilis. the vectors constructed can replicate both in escherichia coli and b. subtilis, and the luciferase expression is strictly regulated due to the dual plasmid system ... | 1992 | 1588918 |
| inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by elongation-factor-tu-binding antibiotics mdl 62,879 and efrotomycin. | mdl 62,879 (formerly ge 2270 a) is a novel antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. mdl 62,879 is not active against gram-negative bacteria, but inhibits cell-free protein synthesis in extracts from escherichia coli, and shows a high binding affinity for its elongation factor tu (ef-tu). we prepared ribosomes and protein-synthesis elongation factors from three sources: e. coli, bacillus subtilis, and a strain of b. subtilis selected for resistance to mdl ... | 1992 | 1590753 |
| cela from bacillus lautus pl236 encodes a novel cellulose-binding endo-beta-1,4-glucanase. | cela from the cellulolytic bacterium bacillus lautus pl236 encodes eg-a, an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase. an open reading frame of 2,100 bp preceded by a ribosome-binding site encodes a protein with a molecular mass of 76,863 da with a typical signal sequence. the nh2-terminal active domain of eg-a is not homologous to any reported cellulase or xylanase and may represent a new family of such enzymes. a 150-amino-acid cooh-terminal peptide is homologous to noncatalytic domains in several other cellula ... | 1992 | 1592807 |
| sin, a stage-specific repressor of cellular differentiation. | sin is a bacillus subtilis dna-binding protein which is essential for competence, motility, and autolysin production but also, if expressed on a multicopy plasmid, is inhibitory to sporulation and alkaline protease synthesis. we have now examined the physiological role of sin in sporulation and found that this protein specifically represses three stage ii sporulation genes (spoiia, spoiie, and spoiig) but not the earlier-acting stage 0 sporulation genes. sin loss-of-function mutations cause high ... | 1992 | 1592811 |
| roles of rpod, spoiif, spoiij, spoiin, and sin in regulation of bacillus subtilis stage ii sporulation-specific transcription. | bacillus subtilis strains containing defects in the sporulation gene spoiif (kina), spoiij (kina), or spoiin (ftsa) cannot transcribe the sigma e-dependent gene spoiid. results presented here and by other workers demonstrate that the spoiif, spoiij, and spoiin gene products control spoiid transcription indirectly by coordinating the induction of the spoiigab, spoiie, and spoiiac operons, which are required for sigma e synthesis and processing. sporulation competence and spoiigab, spoiie, and spo ... | 1992 | 1592812 |
| activation of bacillus subtilis transcription factor sigma b by a regulatory pathway responsive to stationary-phase signals. | alternative transcription factor sigma b of bacillus subtilis controls a stationary-phase regulon induced under growth conditions that do not favor sporulation. little is known about the metabolic signals and protein factors regulating the activity of sigma b. the operon containing the sigma b structural gene has the gene order orfv-orfw-sigb-rsbx, and operon expression is autoregulated positively by sigma b and negatively by the rsbx product (rsbx = regulator of sigma b). to establish the roles ... | 1992 | 1592822 |
| physical maps of the genomes of three bacillus cereus strains. | noti restriction maps of the chromosomes from bacillus cereus atcc 10876, atcc 11778, and the b. cereus type strain atcc 14579 have been established and compared with the previously established map of b. cereus atcc 10987. between 10 and 14 noti fragments were observed, ranging from 15 to 1,300 kb, in digests of dna from the various strains. the sizes of the genomes varied between 5.4 and 6.3 mb. the maps were constructed by hybridization of 42 random probes, prepared from b. cereus atcc 10987 l ... | 1992 | 1592826 |
| mutations in the precursor region of a bacillus subtilis sporulation sigma factor. | transcription from some sporulation-specific promoters of bacillus subtilis is dependent on synthesis of pro-sigma e and its conversion to sigma e by proteolysis. certain mutations in the precursor region of sige, the gene encoding pro-sigma e, apparently allow the mutant sige products to be active as sigma factors without being proteolysed in the normal way. | 1992 | 1592831 |
| introduction of a stabilizing 10 residue beta-hairpin in bacillus subtilis neutral protease. | a 10 residue beta-hairpin, which is characteristic of thermostable bacillus neutral proteases, was engineered into the thermolabile neutral protease of bacillus subtilis. the recipient enzyme remained fully active after introduction of the loop. however, the mutant protein exhibited autocatalytic nicking and a 0.4 degree c decrease in thermostability. two additional point mutations designed to improve the interactions between the enzyme surface and the introduced beta-hairpin resulted in reduced ... | 1992 | 1594570 |
| increasing the thermostability of a neutral protease by replacing positively charged amino acids in the n-terminal turn of alpha-helices. | the 247-260 and 289-299 alpha-helices of bacillus subtilis neutral protease have a lysine in their n-terminal turn. these lysines were replaced by ser or asp in order to improve electrostatic interactions with the alpha-helix dipole. after replacing lys by ser at positions 249 or 290, the thermostability of the enzyme was increased by 0.3 and 1.0 degrees c, respectively. the asp249 and asp290 mutants exhibited a stabilization of 0.6 and 1.2 degrees c, respectively. the results show the feasibili ... | 1992 | 1594571 |
| restoration of motility to an escherichia coli flia flagellar mutant by a bacillus subtilis sigma factor. | the activation of additional promoter sites by production of an alternative sigma subunit for rna polymerase is a common strategy for the coordinate regulation of gene expression. many alternative sigma factors control genes for specialized, and often narrowly distributed, functions. for example, most of the alternative sigma factors in bacillus subtilis control genes necessary for endospore formation. in contrast, the b. subtilis sigma d protein controls the expression of genes important for fl ... | 1992 | 1594620 |
| nucleotide sequences of bacillus subtilis flagellar biosynthetic genes flip and fliq and identification of a novel flagellar gene, fliz. | three genes from the bacillus subtilis major che-fla operon have been cloned and sequenced. two of the genes encode proteins that are homologous to the escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium flagellar biosynthetic proteins flip and fliq. the third gene, designated fliz, encodes a 219-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 24,872 da. fliz is not significantly homologous to any known proteins. null mutants in flip and fliz do not have flagella; however, motility can be restored ... | 1992 | 1597417 |
| biosynthesis of riboflavin: cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase of escherichia coli. | 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate is biosynthesized from ribulose 5-phosphate and serves as the biosynthetic precursor for the xylene ring of riboflavin. the gene coding for 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase of escherichia coli has been cloned and sequenced. the gene codes for a protein of 217 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 23,349.6 da. the enzyme was purified to near homogeneity from a recombinant e. coli strain and had a specific activity of 1,700 nmol m ... | 1992 | 1597419 |
| mechanism of action of purpuromycin. | purpuromycin, an antibiotic active against both fungi and bacteria, shows different modes of action against these two kinds of micro-organisms; in candida albicans it inhibits rna synthesis, whereas in bacillus subtilis protein synthesis is primarily affected, with dna and rna synthesis blocked at higher concentrations of the drug. in bacterial cell-free protein-synthesis systems, purpuromycin did not inhibit synthesis from endogenous mrna (elongation of peptides initiated within the intact cell ... | 1992 | 1599409 |
| cell cycle regulation in bacteria. | significant progress has been made in the study of ftsz expression and the topology of ftsz protein localization in escherichia coli cells. exciting results on the identification of new genes required for chromosome resolution and partitioning after the completion of dna synthesis have also been reported. a recent area of study is asymmetric cell division and its role in differentiation in bacillus subtilis and caulobacter crescentus. biochemical activities of bacterial cell division gene produc ... | 1992 | 1599688 |
| identification of putative multifunctional peptide synthetase genes using highly conserved oligonucleotide sequences derived from known synthetases. | many peptide antibiotics in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes are produced non-ribosomally by multi-enzyme complexes. analysis of gene-derived amino acid sequences of some peptide synthetases of bacterial and fungal origins revealed a high degree of conservation (35-50% identity). the genes encoding those peptide synthetases are clustered into large operons with repetitive domains (about 600 amino acids), in the case of synthetases activating more than one amino acid. we used two 35-mer oligonucl ... | 1992 | 1601288 |
| sequence and characterization of bacillus subtilis chew. | a bacillus subtilis open reading frame (orf) encoding a predicted polypeptide of 156 amino acids was subcloned and sequenced. the polypeptide was found to be homologous to chew of escherichia coli, sharing 28.6% amino acid identity. the orf was verified by using a bacteriophage t7 expression system in e. coli. the gene was inactivated by insertion of a nonpolor chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cassette in its n-terminal region. in the absence of chemoeffectors, the mutant displayed a smooth swi ... | 1992 | 1601874 |
| on the evolution of the bacterial major sigma factors. | the existence of internal sequence homologies between the n-terminal halves of the gram-negative bacterial major sigma factors and their c-terminal halves, which correspond to minor factors, is reported. in the case of escherichia-salmonella sigma-70, an apparent homology was even found between the c-terminal helix-turn-helix dna-binding motif and the corresponding region of the peptide n half, which, however, is not directly engaged in promoter recognition. it is proposed that major sigma facto ... | 1992 | 1602496 |
| bacillus endophthalmitis. | | 1992 | 1603547 |
| the multidrug efflux transporter of bacillus subtilis is a structural and functional homolog of the staphylococcus nora protein. | the bacillus subtilis multidrug efflux transporter bmr demonstrates 44% amino acid sequence identity with a product of the staphylococcus aureus gene nora, which is responsible for clinically relevant resistance to fluoroquinolones. we show here that overexpression of bmr in b. subtilis provides strong resistance to fluoroquinolones that can be reversed by reserpine, an inhibitor of bmr. | 1992 | 1605617 |
| adenylosuccinate lyase of bacillus subtilis regulates the activity of the glutamyl-trna synthetase. | in bacillus subtilis, the glutamyl-trna synthetase [l-glutamate:trna(glu) ligase (amp-forming), ec 6.1.1.17] is copurified with a polypeptide of m(r) 46,000 that influences its affinity for its substrates and increases its thermostability. the gene encoding this regulatory factor was cloned with the aid of a 41-mer oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the amino acid sequence of an nh2-terminal segment of this factor. the nucleotide sequence of this gene and the physical map of the 1475-base-pa ... | 1992 | 1608947 |
| histidine ammonia-lyase from streptomyces griseus. | histidine ammonia-lyase (histidase; huth) has been purified to homogeneity from streptomyces griseus and the n-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence used to clone the histidase-encoding structural gene, huth. the purified enzyme shows typical saturation kinetics and is inhibited competitively by d-histidine and histidinol phosphate. high concentrations of k.cyanide inactivate huth unless the enzyme is protected by the substrate or histidinol phosphate. on the basis of the nucleotide sequence, the hu ... | 1992 | 1612436 |
| capacity of listeriolysin o, streptolysin o, and perfringolysin o to mediate growth of bacillus subtilis within mammalian cells. | the listeria monocytogenes hemolysin listeriolysin o (llo) plays a major role in mediating the escape of l. monocytogenes from a vacuolar compartment. in a previous report, it was shown that bacillus subtilis expressing llo could escape from a host vacuolar compartment and grow in the cytoplasm (j. bielecki, p. youngman, p. connelly, and d. a. portnoy, nature [london] 345:175-176, 1990). in the present study, two related thiol-activated hemolysins, streptolysin o (slo) and perfringolysin o (pfo) ... | 1992 | 1612739 |
| electron microscopy of decorated crystals for the determination of crystallographic rotation and translation parameters in large protein complexes. | the lumazine synthase/riboflavin synthase complex of bacillus subtilis consists of an icosahedral capsid of 60 beta subunits enclosing a core of 3 alpha subunits. the preparation of reconstituted hollow capsids consisting of 60 beta subunits and their crystallization in a hexagonal (space group p6(3)22) and in a monoclinic (space group c2) modification have been described. the rotational and translational parameters of the protein molecules in both crystal forms were studied by electron microsco ... | 1992 | 1613790 |
| synthesis and characterization of a 29-amino acid residue dna-binding peptide derived from alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) of bacteria. | a 29-amino acid residue peptide (sasp-peptide) derived from the sequence of the putative dna-contacting portion at the carboxyl terminus of an alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore protein (sasp) of bacillus subtilis has been synthesized by automated solid-phase methods and tested for its ability to interact with dna. circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopy reveals an interaction between this sasp-peptide and dna, both by an increase in alpha-helix content of the peptide (which alone has a most ... | 1992 | 1618339 |
| location of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid on the cell wall surface of staphylococcus aureus as determined by immunoelectron microscopy. | anti-peptidoglycan (pg) and anti-teichoic acid (ta) antibodies were prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with the cell wall fraction of staphylococcus aureus cowan i by the specific adsorption technique with purified teichoic acid or peptidoglycan. the anti-pg antibody recognized the trichloroacetic acid-treated walls (tca wall) prepared from s. aureus, bacillus subtilis, and micrococcus luteus but did not react with teichoic acid or proteins extracted from the cell wall of staphylococcus. th ... | 1992 | 1619377 |
| synthesis, characterization, and microbiocidal activity of alpha-methyl-(2-thiophenomethylene) aryloxyacetic acid hydrazides and their metal complexes. | complexes of alpha-methyl-(2-thiophenomethylene) aryloxyacetic acid hydrazides with cu(ii) and zn(ii) metal salts were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, molar conductance, and magnetic moment and spectroscopic techniques. in these complexes, the ligands form a conjugate o-n-s tridenate system, thus coordinating with metal through oxygen of the carbonyl group, nitrogen of azomethine, and sulphur of thiophenemoiety. octahedral geometry is proposed ... | 1992 | 1619403 |
| mutagenesis of the bacillus subtilis "-12, -24" promoter of the levanase operon and evidence for the existence of an upstream activating sequence. | the levanase operon of bacillus subtilis is controlled by rna polymerase associated with sigma 54 factor and by the levr activator that is homologous to the nifa/ntrc family of regulators. a "-12, -24" promoter is present at the appropriate distance from the transcription start site. the drastic down effect of base substitutions in the tggcac, ttgca consensus sequence on the expression of the levanase operon confirmed the involvement of the "-12, -24" region in promoter function. deletion deriva ... | 1992 | 1619665 |
| riboflavin operon of bacillus subtilis: unusual symmetric arrangement of the regulatory region. | seventeen cis-dominant mutations leading to riboflavin overproduction in bacillus subtilis were localized to the region between nucleotides +37 and +159 relative to the transcription initiation site of the riboflavin operon. this region displays an unusual structure for regulatory sequences. the main part of it represents clusters of a/t and g/c-rich sequences that symmetrically blank a short inverted repeat. | 1992 | 1620102 |
| chance and statistical significance in protein and dna sequence analysis. | statistical approaches help in the determination of significant configurations in protein and nucleic acid sequence data. three recent statistical methods are discussed: (i) score-based sequence analysis that provides a means for characterizing anomalies in local sequence text and for evaluating sequence comparisons; (ii) quantile distributions of amino acid usage that reveal general compositional biases in proteins and evolutionary relations; and (iii) r-scan statistics that can be applied to t ... | 1992 | 1621093 |
| nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of the tet(l) tetracycline resistance determinant encoded by plasmid pste1 from staphylococcus hyicus. | the nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance (tet) gene and its regulatory region, encoded by the plasmid pste1 from staphylococcus hyicus, was determined. the tet gene was inducible by tetracycline and encoded a hydrophobic protein of 458 amino acids. comparisons between the predicted amino acid sequences of the pste1-encoded tet from s. hyicus and the previously sequenced tet k variants from staphylococcus aureus, tet l variants from bacillus cereus, bacillus stearothermophilus, and ... | 1992 | 1622166 |
| heavy metals alter the electrokinetic properties of bacteria, yeasts, and clay minerals. | the electrokinetic patterns of four bacterial species (bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and agrobacterium radiobacter), two yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans), and two clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) in the presence of the chloride salts of the heavy metals, cd, cr, cu, hg, ni, pb, and zn, and of na and mg were determined by microelectrophoresis. the cells and kaolinite were net negatively charged at ph values above their isoelectr ... | 1992 | 1622229 |
| transformation of bacillus subtilis by dna bound on montmorillonite and effect of dnase on the transforming ability of bound dna. | the equilibrium adsorption and binding of dna from bacillus subtilis on the clay mineral montmorillonite, the ability of bound dna to transform competent cells, and the resistance of bound dna to degradation by dnase i are reported. maximum adsorption of dna on the clay occurred after 90 min of contact and was followed by a plateau. adsorption was ph dependent and was greatest at ph 1.0 (19.9 micrograms of dna mg of clay-1) and least at ph 9.0 (10.7 micrograms of dna mg of clay-1). the transform ... | 1992 | 1622268 |
| fine-structure mapping of cis-acting control sites in the lysc operon of bacillus subtilis. | mutations at the aeca locus of bacillus subtilis lead to derepression of the lysc operon, which encodes aspartokinase ii, and analysis of three independent aeca mutations has shown them to be nucleotide substitutions in the lysc leader region (y. lu, n.y. chen and h. paulus (1991) j. gen. microbiol. 137, 1135-1141). dna sequence analysis of the lysc control region of nine other mutants with derepressed levels of aspartokinase ii revealed each of the mutations to be associated with changes in one ... | 1992 | 1624109 |
| nitrofurantoin versus trimethoprim for low-dose long-term prophylaxis in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. a prospective randomized study. | in a prospective randomized study 38 patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (ruti) were included to take either 50 mg nitrofurantoin (n = 19) or 50 mg trimethoprim (n = 19) as low-dose long-term prophylaxis for half a year. compliance was checked weekly by bacillus subtilis spore test strips sent in by mail. the infection rate was reduced from more than three per patient year to 0.01. there were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the recurrence rate (nitrofura ... | 1992 | 1624241 |
| an operon of bacillus subtilis motility genes transcribed by the sigma d form of rna polymerase. | two genes controlling motility functions in bacillus subtilis were identified by dna sequence analysis of a chromosomal fragment containing a strong promoter for sigma d rna polymerase. previous studies had shown that this sigma d-dependent promoter controls synthesis of a 1.6-kb transcript in vivo and in vitro. sequence analysis revealed that the 1.6-kb transcript contains two open reading frames coding for protein sequences homologous to the escherichia coli mota and motb gene products, respec ... | 1992 | 1624413 |
| influence of attractants and repellents on methyl group turnover on methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of bacillus subtilis and role of chew. | the ability of attractants and repellents to affect the turnover of methyl groups on the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps) was examined for bacillus subtilis. attractants were found to cause an increase in the turnover of methyl groups esterified to the mcps, while repellents caused a decrease. these reactions do not require chew. however, a chew null mutant exhibits enhanced turnover in unstimulated cells. assuming that the turnover of methyl groups on the mcps reflects a change in th ... | 1992 | 1624415 |
| tmrb protein, responsible for tunicamycin resistance of bacillus subtilis, is a novel atp-binding membrane protein. | tmrb is the gene responsible for tunicamycin resistance in bacillus subtilis. it is predicted that an increase in tmrb gene expression makes b. subtilis tunicamycin resistant. to examine the tmrb gene product, we produced the tmrb gene product in escherichia coli by using the tac promoter. tmrb protein was found not only in the cytoplasm fraction but also in the membrane fraction. although tmrb protein is entirely hydrophilic and has no hydrophobic stretch of amino acids sufficient to span the m ... | 1992 | 1624425 |
| role of the bacillus subtilis gsia gene in regulation of early sporulation gene expression. | the bacillus subtilis gsia operon was induced rapidly, but transiently, as cells entered the stationary phase in nutrient broth medium. a mutation at the gsic locus caused sporulation to be defective and expression of gsia to be elevated and prolonged. the sporulation defect in this strain was apparently due to persistent expression of gsia, since a gsia null mutation restored sporulation to wild-type levels. detailed mapping experiments revealed that the gsic82 mutation lies within the kina gen ... | 1992 | 1624431 |
| mutational analysis of the precursor-specific region of bacillus subtilis sigma e. | sigma e is a sporulation-specific sigma factor of bacillus subtilis that is formed from an inactive precursor protein (pro-sigma e) by the removal of 27 to 29 amino acids from the pro-sigma e amino terminus. by using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, sequential deletions were constructed in the precursor-specific region of sige and analyzed for their effect on the gene product's activity, ability to accumulate, and susceptibility to conversion into mature sigma e. the results demonstrated th ... | 1992 | 1624450 |
| regulation of transcription of the cell division gene ftsa during sporulation of bacillus subtilis. | three distinct 5' ends of ftsa mrna were identified by s1 mapping and by primer extension analysis. these are thought to represent three transcription start sites. the transcripts from the downstream and upstream sites were detected throughout growth. the transcript from the middle site was not detected during exponential growth but was detected within 30 min of the start of sporulation, when it was the predominant transcript. insertion of a cat cassette in the middle promoter, ftsap2 (p2), did ... | 1992 | 1624452 |
| identification of the rph (rnase ph) gene of bacillus subtilis: evidence for suppression of cold-sensitive mutations in escherichia coli. | a shotgun cloning of bacillus subtilis dna into pbr322 yielded a 2-kb fragment that suppresses the cold-sensitive defect of the nusa10(cs) escherichia coli mutant. the responsible gene encodes an open reading frame that is greater than 50% identical at the amino acid level to the e. coli rph gene, which was formerly called orfe. this b. subtilis gene is located at 251 degrees adjacent to the germ gene on the b. subtilis genetic map. it has been named rph because, like its e. coli analog, it enco ... | 1992 | 1624460 |
| the spo0a gene is implicated in the maintenance of non-complementing diploids in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis can exist in a diploid state in which two genetically distinct chromosomes co-exist in the same cell and yet only one of them is expressed, thereby determining the phenotype. such cells are called non-complementing diploids (ncds). in this study, two types of experiments are reported which indicate that a previously known pleiotropic gene, spo0a, plays a role in the maintaining the diploid state, as follows. (i) when protoplasts of two spo0a mutant strains were fused, the resul ... | 1992 | 1625579 |
| inactivation action spectra of bacillus subtilis spores with monochromatic soft x rays (0.1-0.6 nm) of synchrotron radiation. | five types of bacillus subtilis spores differing in dna repair and recombinational capacities were exposed in vacuum to monochromatic soft x rays from synchrotron radiation. the inactivation rate constants were obtained from exposure-survival curves upon irradiations at 12 wavelengths in the range of 0.1000 nm (12.40 kev) to 0.6000 nm (2.066 kev). spores of two repair-deficient strains, uvs (uvra ssp) and uvp (uvra ssp pola), exhibited almost equal sensitivities to those of wild-type uvr+, while ... | 1992 | 1626051 |
| unsaturated and branched chain-fatty acids in temperature adaptation of bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium. | the effect of growth temperature on the cellular fatty acid profiles of bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium was studied over a temperature range from 40 to 10 degrees c. as the growth temperature of b. subtilis was reduced, the lower-melting point anteiso-acids increased, while the higher-melting point iso-acids decreased. consequently the ratio of branched- to straight-chain acids was unaffected by temperature, although changes in the position of fatty acid branching and the degree of uns ... | 1992 | 1627613 |
| expression of the erwinia carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene in bacillus subtilis: role of signal peptide fusions on production of a heterologous protein. | the peha gene encoding an endopolygalacturonase (pectinase) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned previously [saarilahti et al., mol. microbiol. 4 (1990) 1037-1044]. we expressed peha in bacillus subtilis using a secretion vector based on the promoter and signal sequence of the alpha-amylase (amy)-encoding gene, amye, from bacillus amyloliquefaciens. to test whether the location of the junction between the secretion vector and peha affects the protein yield, we made four differ ... | 1992 | 1628841 |
| in vivo inactivation of the streptococcus mutans reca gene mediated by pcr amplification and cloning of a reca dna fragment. | the inactivation of the reca protein in pathogenic oral streptococci would facilitate genetic analysis of potential virulence factors in these strains. comparison of reca nucleotide (nt) sequences from a number of bacteria has suggested that two regions of highly conserved reca amino acid (aa) sequence could be used as a basis for synthesizing degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers with which to amplify reca homologues from the streptococci. accordingly, primer mixtures were used to amplify ... | 1992 | 1628842 |
| characterization of a bacillus subtilis sporulation operon that includes genes for an rna polymerase sigma factor and for a putative dd-carboxypeptidase. | at early stages of sporulation, the spoiia locus is transcribed as a tricistronic (1.7-kb) operon, coding for sigma f and for two proteins that modulate the activity of sigma f. the locus is transcribed as a longer (2.9-kb) transcript at the late stages of sporulation. we show here that the longer transcript contains an additional open reading frame whose product has extensive sequence homology with dd-carboxypeptidases; the corresponding gene is designated dacf. cotranscription of a morphogene, ... | 1992 | 1629150 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the o-acetylated peptidoglycan of proteus mirabilis. | a monoclonal antibody (pmpg5-3) specific for the o-acetylated peptidoglycan of proteus mirabilis 19 was produced by an ns-1 myeloma cell line and purified from ascites fluid by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography. the monoclonal antibody (an immunoglobulin m) was characterized by a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be equally specific for both insoluble and soluble o-acetylated peptidoglycan but weakly recognized chemically de-o-acetylated p ... | 1992 | 1629161 |
| sequence organization and regulation of the bacillus subtilis menbe operon. | menaquinone (mk) plays a central role in the respiratory chain of bacillus subtilis. the biosynthesis of mk requires the formation of a naphthoquinone ring via a series of specific reactions branching from the shikimate pathway. "early" mk-specific reactions catalyze the formation of o-succinylbenzoate (osb) from isochorismate, and "late" reactions convert osb to dihydroxynaphthoate, by utilizing an osb-coenzyme a intermediate. we have cloned and sequenced the b. subtilis mene and menb genes enc ... | 1992 | 1629163 |
| membrane ultrastructure of alkaliphilic bacillus species studied by rapid-freeze electron microscopy. | cells of bacillus firmus of4 and bacillus alcalophilus were examined by rapid-freeze freeze-fracture and freeze-substitution electron microscopy. no special vesicular structures linked to growth at alkaline ph were found, either within or associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. the cytoplasmic membranes of the alkaliphilic bacilli and the neutrophilic bacillus subtilis bd99 were indistinguishable. distinctive intramembrane particle rings, presumed to be flagellar structures on the basis of dis ... | 1992 | 1629169 |
| a general method for cloning reca genes of gram-positive bacteria by polymerase chain reaction. | an internal fragment of the reca gene from eight gram-positive organisms has been amplified by using degenerate primers in a polymerase chain reaction. the internal 348- or 360-bp reca dna segments from bacillus subtilis, clostridium acetobutylicum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus helveticus, leuconostoc mesanteroides, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus salivarus subsp. thermophilus were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. the g + c contents of the dna from th ... | 1992 | 1629178 |
| efficacy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of urinary tract immunoglobulins for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. | results of the uristat test (shield diagnostics ltd.), a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of urine antibodies to seven common bacterial pathogens, were compared with results of urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical history to determine the usefulness of uristat in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (utis). midstream, catheterized, and indwelling catheter urine specimens sent to the laboratory for culture were included in the study. quantitative cultures were ... | 1992 | 1629325 |
| nucleotide sequence of tryptophan trna from bacillus subtilis. | | 1992 | 1630926 |
| binding of the bacillus subtilis spoivca product to the recombination sites of the element interrupting the sigma k-encoding gene. | the gene encoding sigma k, a transcription factor controlling mother-cell-specific gene expression at a late stage of sporulation, is interrupted by the skin element in bacillus subtilis. the skin element is excised from the mother cell chromosome by a dna rearrangement that depends on the spoivca gene product. this protein has no other role in sporulation than promoting skin excision and exhibits sequence similarity to a family of bacterial site-specific recombinases. an expression library of b ... | 1992 | 1631085 |
| bacterial inhibitory residues in pigs fed mouldy grain. | | 1992 | 1632731 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of dental sterilizers using biological monitors. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of steam, chemical vapor, and dry heat sterilizers, over a three-year period, in dental operatories subscribing to the university of british columbia's sterilization monitoring service. a total of 4,579 sterilizer loads were tested. the results demonstrated an overall failure rate of 4.4 per cent. individual failure rates for each type of sterilizer were: chemiclaves, 4.9 per cent; steam autoclaves, 2.3 per cent; and dry heat ovens, 7.9 per ... | 1992 | 1633580 |
| determination of dna-binding parameters for the bacillus subtilis histone-like hbsu protein through introduction of fluorophores by site-directed mutagenesis of a synthetic gene. | a synthetic gene encoding the histone-like dna-binding protein hbsu from bacillus subtilis has been expressed in escherichia coli. yields of the purified protein are at least 20 mg/l culture medium. the recombinant hbsu protein is chromatographically, immunologically and functionally identical with the authentic wild-type protein. n-terminal sequencing of the purified protein confirms the fidelity of expression of the synthetic gene in e. coli. site-directed mutagenesis of the synthetic gene was ... | 1992 | 1633819 |
| stress responses of bacillus subtilis. | | 1992 | 1633986 |
| dye-mediated photodynamic inactivation of bacillus subtilis. | | 1992 | 1633998 |
| instability of the protoplast membrane of facultative alkaliphilic bacillus sp. c-125 at alkaline ph values below the ph optimum for growth. | cell walls of facultative alkaliphilic bacillus sp. c-125 consist of three polymers (peptidoglycan, teichuronopeptide and teichuronic acid). protoplasts prepared from the strain with egg-white lysozyme regenerated cell walls at neutral ph, but not at ph above 8.5. the protoplasts were susceptible to lysis at alkaline ph. the protoplasts exposed to alkaline ph rapidly burst and lost ability to regenerate their cell walls. the alkali-instability was similar to that of protoplasts from neutrophilic ... | 1992 | 1637326 |
| signal peptidase i of bacillus subtilis: patterns of conserved amino acids in prokaryotic and eukaryotic type i signal peptidases. | signal peptidases (spases) remove signal peptides from secretory proteins. the sips (signal peptidase of subtilis) gene, which encodes an spase of bacillus subtilis, was cloned in escherichia coli and was also found to be active in e.coli. its overproduction in b.subtilis resulted in increased rates of processing of a hybrid beta-lactamase precursor. the sips protein consisted of 184 amino acids (mol. wt 21 kda). the protein showed sequence similarity with the leader peptidases of e.coli and sal ... | 1992 | 1639057 |
| [bacillus subtilis gene rec223: molecular cloning and proposed function of its protein product]. | chromosomal dna fragment which complemented rec223 mutation of bacillus subtilis was cloned. introduction of one copy of the cloned gene into the cells of the rec mutant restored both normal activity for dna damages repair after mitomycin c action and recombination proficiency. using multicopy vector led to no formation of recombinants, which was probably connected with overproduction of rec223 gene protein product in bacillus subtilis cells. | 1992 | 1639259 |
| [cloning and regulation of the expression of the lysa gene from bacillus subtilis]. | cloning of bacillus subtilis dna fragment with the lysa gene encoding diaminopimelatecarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.20) was done. the cloned gene in poorly expressed both in escherichia coli and in bacillus subtilis. some dna sequence distant from the lysa gene seems to be necessary for full gene expression, this sequence having been not cloned together with the lysa. the sequence in needed for regulation of the expression as well. | 1992 | 1639261 |
| dihydrofolate reductase from bacillus subtilis and its artificial derivatives: expression, purification, and characterization. | the bacillus subtilis dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene was expressed in escherichia coli. the gene product was purified to homogeneity by butyl-toyopearl, toyopearl hw55, and deae-toyopearl column chromatographies, and its molecular properties were compared to those of e. coli dhfr. the specific enzyme activity of the b. subtilis dhfr was 240 units/mg under the standard assay conditions, being about four times higher than that of the e. coli dhfr. km for coenzyme nadph was 20.7 microm, a valu ... | 1992 | 1639761 |
| evaluation of a mechanical/chemical infectious waste disposal system. | the mechanical/chemical infectious waste disposal system (iwds), model z-5000 hc, manufactured by medical safetec inc. (indianapolis, indiana) was evaluated for its ability to disinfect biomedical waste. | 1992 | 1640095 |
| inducible dna repair and differentiation in bacillus subtilis: interactions between global regulons. | the sos response of escherichia coli has become a paradigm for the study of inducible dna repair and recombination processes in many different organisms. while these studies have demonstrated that the components of the sos response appear to be highly conserved among bacterial species, as with most models, there are some significant variations. perhaps the best example of this comes from an analysis of the sos-like system of the developmental organism, bacillus subtilis. accordingly, the most st ... | 1992 | 1640829 |
| the amino acid sequence of a bacillus subtilis phosphoprotein that matches an orfy-tsr coding sequence. | bacillus subtilis contains a 30 kda protein which was phosphorylated during late vegetative growth and sporulation. the sequence for the n-terminal 16 amino acids was found to be identical to the predicted sequence for the n-terminus of a small open reading frame, orfy, but diverged from the predicted sequence thereafter. the orfy region was resequenced and contained one less adenine residue than previously reported, resulting in an open reading frame from within orfy through the entire coding r ... | 1992 | 1640835 |
| expression of escherichia coli dam gene in bacillus subtilis provokes dna damage response: n6-methyladenine is removed by two repair pathways. | the dam gene of escherichia coli encodes a dna methyltransferase that methylates the n6 position of adenine in the sequence gatc. it was stably expressed from a shuttle vector in a repair- and recombination-proficient strain of bacillus subtilis. in this strain the majority of plasmid dna molecules was modified at dam sites whereas most chromosomal dna remained unmethylated during exponential growth. during stationary phase the amount of unmethylated dna increased, suggesting that methylated bas ... | 1992 | 1641327 |
| deoxyuridylate-hydroxymethylase of bacteriophage spo1. | phage spo1 of bacillus subtilis carries hydroxymethyl-deoxyuridylate in place of thymidylate in its dna. the enzyme, responsible for the conversion of dump to hmdump, is a dump hydroxymethylase, encoded by the spo1 gene 29. here we describe the cloning and sequencing of the gene and the overexpression of the gene product. dna hybridization using the dna of bacteriophage t4 dcmp-hydroxymethylase gene as a probe, allowed us to identify and map g29 on a 3.9-kb restriction fragment, ecori*11. we det ... | 1992 | 1641983 |
| biosynthesis of bacillomycin d by bacillus subtilis. evidence for amino acid-activating enzymes by the use of affinity chromatography. | bacillomycin d is an antifungal lipopeptide produced by b. subtilis. the formation of the peptidyl bonds of bacillomycin d occurs non-ribosomally, as demonstrated by the use of chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis. amino acid-activating enzymes were found in b. subtilis cell lysates purified by affinity chromatography on a gel containing l-pro, an amino acid of bacillomycin d. presence of atp during this purification increases the binding of enzymatic proteins and their activity ... | 1992 | 1644198 |
| characterization and sequence of escherichia coli pabc, the gene encoding aminodeoxychorismate lyase, a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme. | in escherichia coli, p-aminobenzoate (paba) is synthesized from chorismate and glutamine in two steps. aminodeoxychorismate synthase components i and ii, encoded by pabb and paba, respectively, convert chorismate and glutamine to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (adc) and glutamate, respectively. adc lyase, encoded by pabc, converts adc to paba and pyruvate. we reported that pabc had been cloned and mapped to 25 min on the e. coli chromosome (j. m. green and b. p. nichols, j. biol. chem. 266:12971-1297 ... | 1992 | 1644759 |
| mutagenesis and mapping of the gene for a sporulation-specific penicillin-binding protein in bacillus subtilis. | penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 5* is produced by bacillus subtilis only during sporulation and is believed to be required for synthesis of the peptidoglycan-like cortex layer of the spore. the structural gene (dacb) for pbp 5* was insertionally mutagenized by integration of a plasmid bearing an internal fragment of the gene, and the phenotype of the null mutant was characterized. the mutant had no apparent vegetative growth or germination defect, but it produced extremely heat-sensitive spores ... | 1992 | 1644769 |
| expression of the bacillus subtilis sacb gene leads to sucrose sensitivity in the gram-positive bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum but not in streptomyces lividans. | the expression of the structural gene (sacb) encoding bacillus subtilis levansucrase in two gram-positive soil bacteria, corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 and streptomyces lividans 1326, was investigated. sacb expression in the presence of sucrose is lethal to c. glutamicum but not to s. lividans. while s. lividans secretes levansucrase into the medium, we could show that the enzyme is retained by c. glutamicum cells. our results imply that the sacb gene can be used as a positive selection s ... | 1992 | 1644774 |
| physical distance between the site of type ii dna binding to the membrane and oric on the bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome. | the precise physical locations of the oric region and the region for type ii dna binding to the membrane on the bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome were determined. the dna regions were physically mapped by creating new restriction sites (noti and sfii) within these regions. the physical distance between oric and the type ii dna-binding region was verified with the creation of a novel sequence cleaved by endonuclease i-scei in each of the above regions. complete removal of the defined type ii membr ... | 1992 | 1644775 |
| the amount of repr protein determines the copy number of plasmid pip501 in bacillus subtilis. | to prove the hypothesis that the amount of repr protein is the rate-limiting factor for replication of plasmid pip501 in bacillus subtilis, the repr gene was placed under control of the inducible promoter pspac. the plasmid copy number of the pip501 derivative prs9 could be deliberately adjusted between approximately 1 and 50 to 100 molecules per cell by varying the concentration of the inducer isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. construction of a repr-lacz fusion proved that the increase in ... | 1992 | 1644777 |
| sequence of the indoleglycerol phosphate synthase (trpc) gene from rhodobacter capsulatus. | we have isolated, cloned, and sequenced the indoleglycerol phosphate synthase gene (trpc) from rhodobacter capsulatus. normalized alignment scores comparing the trpc gene of r. capsulatus with the trpc genes of other bacterial species are reported. an unexpected degree of similarity to the trpc gene of bacillus subtilis was found. | 1992 | 1644778 |
| an insertion of escherichia coli transposable element is1k into the site immediately before tetracycline-resistance determinant of bacillus subtilis chromosomal dna fragment in cloning in e. coli. | in cloning in escherichia coli c600 of a 4.5-kbp hindiii dna fragment with the tetracycline-resistance determinant (tetbs908) from bacillus subtilis gsy908 chromosome using a plasmid vector, a 5.2-kbp hindiii dna fragment was also isolated at a ratio of 2 to 89. the two independently obtained 5.2-kbp fragments were an insertion derivative of the 4.5-kbp fragment and carried e. coli transposable element islk, which was inserted at the same site immediately before tetbs908 in the same direction. f ... | 1991 | 1646143 |
| dual effect of a tn917 insertion into the bacillus subtilis sacx gene. | the most common effect of transposon insertion is the inactivation of genes. however, in some cases, transposons can activate in cis the expression of genes in the neighbourhood of their integration site. we previously described an insertion of the transposon tn917 into the bacillus subtilis sacxy locus. sacx and sacy encode respectively a negative and a positive regulator involved in induction by sucrose of the exoenzyme levansucrase. data in this paper show that the tn917 insertion had two eff ... | 1991 | 1646271 |
| construction of a derivative of tn917 containing an outward-directed promoter and its use in bacillus subtilis. | engineered variants of the transposon tn917 have been widely used to obtain insertion mutations and transcriptional fusions in bacillus subtilis and other gram-positive bacteria. we have developed a novel tn917-based methodology useful for isolation and characterization of mutants resulting from gene over-expression. a tn917 variant was constructed which contains a strong out-facing promoter near one end, able to promote transcription of genes in the vicinity of its insertion target. this transp ... | 1991 | 1646272 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of bacillus subtilis genes involved in atp-dependent nuclease synthesis. | the genes encoding the subunits of the bacillus subtilis atp-dependent nuclease (add genes) have been cloned. the genes were located on an 8.8-kb sali-smai chromosomal dna fragment. transformants of a recbcd deletion mutant of escherichia coli with plasmid pgv1 carrying this dna fragment showed atp-dependent nuclease activity. three open reading frames were identified on the 8.8-kb sali-smai fragment, which could encode three proteins with molecular masses of 135 (addb protein), 141 (adda protei ... | 1991 | 1646786 |
| transfer of tn916 and tn916 delta e into clostridium difficile: demonstration of a hot-spot for these elements in the c. difficile genome. | the conjugative transposon tn916 and a derivative tn916 delta e was transferred from bacillus subtilis into clostridium difficile cd37 by filter mating. all the c. difficile transconjugants appeared to contain one copy of the transposon integrated into the same position in the genome. transposition from the original site of integration was not observed. like tn916 the transferable tetracycline resistance determinant (tc-cd) of c. difficile has a preferred site of integration in c. difficile and ... | 1991 | 1647998 |
| hydrocarbon assimilation and biosurfactant production in pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants. | we isolated transposon tn5-gm-induced mutants of pseudomonas aeruginosa pg201 that were unable to grow in minimal media containing hexadecane as a carbon source. some of these mutants lacked extracellular rhamnolipids, as shown by measuring the surface and interfacial tensions of the cell culture supernatants. furthermore, the concentrated culture media of the mutant strains were tested for the presence of rhamnolipids by thin-layer chromatography and for rhamnolipid activities, including hemoly ... | 1991 | 1648079 |
| conjugative transposition of tn916 requires the excisive and integrative activities of the transposon-encoded integrase. | transposon tn916 is a 16.4-kb broad-host-range conjugative transposon originally detected in the chromosome of enterococcus faecalis ds16. transposition of tn916 and related transposons involves excision of a free, nonreplicative, covalently closed circular intermediate that is substrate for integration. excisive recombination requires two transposon-encoded proteins, xis-tn and int-tn, whereas the latter protein alone is sufficient for integration. here we report that conjugative transposition ... | 1991 | 1648556 |
| a conditional-lethal mutant of bacillus subtilis 168 with a thermosensitive glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, an enzyme specific for the synthesis of the major wall teichoic acid. | a biochemical analysis was undertaken of thermosensitive mutants of bacillus subtilis 168 harbouring mutations in several tag genes, involved in the synthesis of the major wall teichoic acid, poly(glycerol phosphate), poly(grop). incorporation of a pulse of [2-3h]glycerol into whole cells, following shift to the restrictive growth temperature, was used to assess synthesis of this polymer and to seek evidence of accumulation of a specific precursor. the rate of incorporation into poly(grop) was s ... | 1991 | 1649892 |
| extracellular production of mouse interferon beta by the bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase secretion vectors: antiviral activity and deduced nh2-terminal amino acid sequences of the secreted proteins. | using two bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase secretion vectors, mouse interferon-beta (ifn-beta) cdna was expressed. ten kinds of mature and hybrid forms of biologically active mouse ifn-beta proteins were synthesized in b. subtilis and were secreted into the culture medium. similar amounts of proteins, which were determined by immunoblot analysis, were secreted from the b. subtilis transformants, while the antiviral activity in the medium was markedly different in each one of them. the highest ant ... | 1991 | 1650763 |
| the possible involvement of trypsin-like enzymes in germination of spores of bacillus cereus t and bacillus subtilis 168. | germination of spores of bacillus cereus t and bacillus subtilis 168 was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitors leupeptin and tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone (tlck) and by the substrates tosylarginine methyl ester (tame), benzoyl-l-arginine-p-nitroanilide (l-bapna) and d-bapna. potencies of these inhibitory compounds were estimated by finding the concentration which inhibited 50% germination (id50), as measured by events occurring early (loss of heat resistance), at an intermediate stage [dipicolin ... | 1991 | 1650815 |
| heat shock in bacillus subtilis: genetic characterization of a mutant. | bacillus subtilis strain bul786, a transposon-generated mutant, lacks a 97 kd protein following heat shock and has unique protein secretion properties. in this study, transduction analysis demonstrated that the properties of high temperature protease secretion, heat shock protein distribution, and loss of the 97 kd heat shock protein were all transferred as a single trait to recipient bacteria. the high temperature-specific protease released by this mutant into the supernatant was also shown to ... | 1991 | 1650880 |
| the carboxyl-terminal end of protective antigen is required for receptor binding and anthrax toxin activity. | anthrax toxin consists of three separate proteins produced by bacillus anthracis: protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef). previous work showed that the process by which these proteins damage eukaryotic cells begins with binding of pa (83 kda) to cell surface receptors. pa is then cleaved by a cell surface protease so as to expose a high-affinity binding site for lf or ef on the cooh-terminal, receptor-bound, 63-kilodalton fragment. in this report we more closely defin ... | 1991 | 1651334 |