| bacteriophage resistance mechanisms in the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum: linking genomic mutations to changes in bacterial virulence factors. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important fish pathogen in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. due to increased antibiotic resistance, pathogen control using bacteriophages has been explored as a possible alternative treatment. however, the effective use of bacteriophages in pathogen control requires overcoming the selection for phage resistance in the bacterial populations. here, we analyzed resistance mechanisms in f. psychrophilum after phage exposure using whole-genome sequencing of the ances ... | 2015 | 25480749 |
| high-resolution taxonomic profiling of the subgingival microbiome for biomarker discovery and periodontitis diagnosis. | the oral microbiome plays a key role for caries, periodontitis, and systemic diseases. a method for rapid, high-resolution, robust taxonomic profiling of subgingival bacterial communities for early detection of periodontitis biomarkers would therefore be a useful tool for individualized medicine. here, we used illumina sequencing of the v1-v2 and v5-v6 hypervariable regions of the 16s rrna gene. a sample stratification pipeline was developed in a pilot study of 19 individuals, 9 of whom had been ... | 2015 | 25452281 |
| the biofilm community-rebels with a cause. | oral biofilms are one of the most complex and diverse ecosystem developed by successive colonization of more than 600 bacterial taxa. development starts with the attachment of early colonizers such as actinomyces species and oral streptococci on the acquired pellicle and tooth enamel. these bacteria not only adhere to tooth surface but also interact with each other and lay foundation for attachment of bridging colonizer such as fusobacterium nucleatum followed by late colonizers including the re ... | 2015 | 26120510 |
| dysbiosis and alterations in predicted functions of the subgingival microbiome in chronic periodontitis. | chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium affecting nearly 65 million adults in the united states. changes in subgingival microbiota have long been associated with chronic periodontitis. recent culture-independent molecular studies have revealed the immense richness and complexity of oral microbial communities. however, data sets across studies have not been directly compared, and whether the observed microbial variations are consistent across different studies is not ... | 2015 | 25398868 |
| complement involvement in periodontitis: molecular mechanisms and rational therapeutic approaches. | the complement system is a network of interacting fluid-phase and cell surface-associated molecules that trigger, amplify, and regulate immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. dysregulation of this finely balanced network can destabilize host-microbe homeostasis and cause inflammatory tissue damage. evidence from clinical and animal model-based studies suggests that complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a polymicrobial community-induced chronic inflammatory disease t ... | 2015 | 26306443 |
| periodontitis in rats induces systemic oxidative stress that is controlled by bone-targeted antiresorptives. | periodontitis is a chronic, polymicrobial inflammatory disease that degrades connective tissue and alveolar bone and results in tooth loss. oxidative stress has been linked to the onset of periodontal tissue breakdown and systemic inflammation, and the success of antiresorptive treatments will rely on how effectively they can ameliorate periodontal disease-induced oxidative stress during oral infection. | 2015 | 25101489 |
| microbial flora in chronic periodontitis: study at a tertiary health care center from north karnataka. | periodontitis is a major public health problem in india with a prevalence of 60-80%. if untreated it acts as a risk factor for systemic diseases. data on anaerobic periodontal microflora in the indian population is very scarce. hence, this study was undertaken to know the nature of oral microbiota in chronic periodontitis in this region of india and also the semiquantitative study in pre- and post-treatment group and to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern for aerobic isolates. | 2015 | 25949060 |
| local delivery of hyaluronan 0.8% as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbiological study. | the purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of the local and sub-gingival application of a hyaluronan gel on scaling and root planing (srp) in the treatment of moderate generalized chronic periodontitis. | 2015 | 25810591 |
| effect of sumac extract on serum oxidative status, rankl/opg system and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. | sumac (rhus coriaria l.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. the purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b ligand (rankl), osteoprotegerin (opg) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. | 2015 | 25760266 |
| periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. | periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease with an adverse impact on systemic health. recent studies have provided insights into the emergence and persistence of dysbiotic oral microbial communities that can mediate inflammatory pathology at local as well as distant sites. this review discusses the mechanisms of microbial immune subversion that tip the balance from homeostasis to disease in oral or extra-oral sites. | 2015 | 25534621 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa microcolonies in coronary thrombi from patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction. | chronic infection is associated with an increased risk of atherothrombotic disease and direct bacterial infection of arteries has been suggested to contribute to the development of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. in this study, we examined coronary thrombi obtained in vivo from patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi) for the presence of bacterial dna and bacteria. aspirated coronary thrombi from 22 patients with stemi were collected during primary percutaneous coronary ... | 2016 | 28030624 |
| crispr-mediated epigenome editing. | mounting evidence has called into question our understanding of the role that the central dogma of molecular biology plays in human pathology. the conventional view that elucidating the mechanisms for translating genes into proteins can account for a panoply of diseases has proven incomplete. landmark studies point to epigenetics as a missing piece of the puzzle. however, technological limitations have hindered the study of specific roles for histone post-translational modifications, dna modific ... | 2016 | 28018139 |
| comparative metagenomics reveals taxonomically idiosyncratic yet functionally congruent communities in periodontitis. | the phylogenetic characteristics of microbial communities associated with periodontitis have been well studied, however, little is known about the functional endowments of this ecosystem. the present study examined 73 microbial assemblages from 25 individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy individuals using whole genome shotgun sequencing. core metabolic networks were computed from taxa and genes identified in at least 80% of individuals in each group. 50% of ... | 2016 | 27991530 |
| self-regulated 1-butanol production in escherichia coli based on the endogenous fermentative control. | as a natural fermentation product secreted by clostridium species, bio-based 1-butanol has attracted great attention for its potential as alternative fuel and chemical feedstock. feasibility of microbial 1-butanol production has also been demonstrated in various recombinant hosts. | 2016 | 28031744 |
| a dormant microbial component in the development of preeclampsia. | preeclampsia (pe) is a complex, multisystem disorder that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. four main classes of dysregulation accompany pe and are widely considered to contribute to its severity. these are abnormal trophoblast invasion of the placenta, anti-angiogenic responses, oxidative stress, and inflammation. what is lacking, however, is an explanation of how these themselves are caused. we here develop the unifying idea, and the considerable evidence for it, ... | 2016 | 27965958 |
| photoinactivation using visible light plus water-filtered infrared-a (vis+wira) and chlorine e6 (ce6) eradicates planktonic periodontal pathogens and subgingival biofilms. | alternative treatment methods for pathogens and microbial biofilms are required due to the widespread rise in antibiotic resistance. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) has recently gained attention as a novel method to eradicate pathogens. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a novel apdt method using visible light (vis) and water infiltrated infrared a (wira) in combination with chlorine e6 (ce6) against different periodontal pathogens in planktonic form and ... | 2016 | 27965635 |
| increasing n-butanol production with saccharomyces cerevisiae by optimizing acetyl-coa synthesis, nadh levels and trans-2-enoyl-coa reductase expression. | n-butanol can serve as an excellent gasoline substitute. naturally, it is produced by some clostridia species which, however, exhibit only limited suitability for industrial n-butanol production. the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae would be an ideal host due to its high robustness in fermentation processes. nevertheless, n-butanol yields and titers obtained so far with genetically engineered yeast strains are only low. | 2016 | 27924150 |
| structural and functional probing of porz, an essential bacterial surface component of the type-ix secretion system of human oral-microbiomic porphyromonas gingivalis. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a member of the human oral microbiome abundant in dysbiosis and implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal (gum) disease. it employs a newly described type-ix secretion system (t9ss) for secretion of virulence factors. cargo proteins destined for secretion through t9ss carry a recognition signal in the conserved c-terminal domain (ctd), which is removed by sortase poru during translocation. here, we identified a novel component of t9ss, porz, which is essential for ... | 2016 | 27883039 |
| the danger signal extracellular atp is an inducer of fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm dispersal. | plaque biofilm is the primary etiological agent of periodontal disease. biofilm formation progresses through multiple developmental stages beginning with bacterial attachment to a surface, followed by development of microcolonies and finally detachment and dispersal from a mature biofilm as free planktonic bacteria. tissue damage arising from inflammatory response to biofilm is one of the hallmark features of periodontal disease. a consequence of tissue damage is the release of atp from within t ... | 2016 | 27909688 |
| chaperone addiction of toxin-antitoxin systems. | bacterial toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems, in which a labile antitoxin binds and inhibits the toxin, can promote adaptation and persistence by modulating bacterial growth in response to stress. some atypical ta systems, known as tripartite toxin-antitoxin-chaperone (tac) modules, include a molecular chaperone that facilitates folding and protects the antitoxin from degradation. here we use a tac module from mycobacterium tuberculosis as a model to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which class ... | 2016 | 27827369 |
| risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter associated with periodontitis: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study. | to investigate the risk of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in patients with periodontitis (pd) in comparison with individuals without pd. | 2016 | 27798703 |
| impact of different oral hygiene aids for the reduction of morning bad breath among dental students: a crossover clinical trial. | to assess and compare the effects of different oral hygiene procedures on the reduction of morning bad breath, plaque and gingival status in healthy subjects. | 2016 | 27857523 |
| associations between periodontal microbiota and death rates. | it is conceived that specific combinations of periodontal bacteria are associated with risk for the various forms of periodontitis. we hypothesized that such specificity is also related to human cause-specific death rates. we tested this hypothesis in a representative sample of the us population followed for a mean duration of 11 years and found that two specific patterns of 21 serum antibodies against periodontal bacteria were significantly associated with increased all-cause and/or diabetes-re ... | 2016 | 27748442 |
| salivary periodontopathic bacteria in children and adolescents with down syndrome. | to assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of down syndrome and non-down syndrome children and adolescents. | 2016 | 27727287 |
| associations of toll-like receptor and β-defensin polymorphisms with measures of periodontal disease (pd) in hiv+ north american adults: an exploratory study. | polymorphisms in toll-like receptor (tlr) and β-defensin (defb) genes have been recognized as potential genetic factors that can influence susceptibility to and severity of periodontal diseases (pd). however, data regarding associations between these polymorphisms and pd are still scarce in north american populations, and are not available in hiv+ north american populations. in this exploratory study, we analyzed samples from hiv+ adults (n = 115), who received primary hiv care at 3 local outpat ... | 2016 | 27727278 |
| inhibitory effect of enterococcus faecium wb2000 on volatile sulfur compound production by porphyromonas gingivalis. | volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) produced by oral anaerobes are the major compounds responsible for oral malodor. enterococcus faecium wb2000 is recognized as an antiplaque probiotic bacterium. in this study, the effect of e. faecium wb2000 on vsc production by porphyromonas gingivalis was evaluated, and the mechanism of inhibition of oral malodor was investigated. p. gingivalis atcc 33277 was cultured in the presence of four lactic acid bacteria, including e. faecium wb2000. subsequently, p. gi ... | 2016 | 27799940 |
| presence of serum ferritin before and after bariatric surgery: analysis in dentate and edentulous patients. | society has changed its own lifestyle, specially its eating habits and physical activities, leading to excessive weight and a sedentary behavior, which has contributed to obesity increase. bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment to obesity, allowing weight loss and its maintenance. however, it has been related high levels of iron deficiency after surgery. a person's nutritional status might be affected by total or partial tooth loss. the aim of this longitudinal prospective cohort stud ... | 2016 | 27695053 |
| gingival crevicular fluid periostin levels in chronic periodontitis patients following nonsurgical periodontal treatment with low-level laser therapy. | periostin is a matricellular protein highly expressed in periosteum, periodontal ligament and is essential for tissue integrity and maturation. it plays a role in collagen fibrillogenesis and is downregulated in periodontal disease. biostimulation utilizing low-level laser therapy (lllt) influences periodontal ligament fibroblast proliferation. this study was conducted with the objective of estimating periostin levels in chronic periodontitis (cp) patients following lllt as an adjunct to root su ... | 2016 | 28042273 |
| influence of sex hormone levels on gingival enlargement in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy: a pilot study. | sex hormones may be a modifying factor in the periodontal disease pathogenesis. | 2016 | 27994419 |
| detection of porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: a comparative polymerase chain reaction study. | the detection frequency of porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola in chronic periodontitis (cp) and aggressive periodontitis (agp) is not explored well in indian population. | 2016 | 27994415 |
| integrating inflammasome signaling in sexually transmitted infections. | inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein platforms with pivotal roles in infectious diseases. activation of inflammasomes results in proinflammatory cytokine signaling and pyroptosis. sexually transmitted infections (stis) are a major health problem worldwide, yet few studies have probed the impact of inflammasome signaling during these infections. due to the dearth of appropriate infection models, our current understanding of inflammasomes in stis is mostly drawn from results obtained in vitro, ... | 2016 | 27592079 |
| sensitivity and specificity of subgingival bacteria in predicting preterm birth- a pilot cohort study. | preterm birth (ptb) increases the risk of adverse outcomes for new born infants. subgingival bacteria are implicated in causing ptb. the aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of some subgingival gram positive and gram negative bacteria detected by routine lab procedures in predicting ptb. | 2016 | 27833518 |
| chlorhexidine varnish implemented treatment strategy for chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbial study. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and microbiological effect of chlorhexidine varnish when used as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. | 2016 | 27829764 |
| an experimental model of peripheral vascular disease involving the intravenous injection of oral bacteria. | objective: the purpose of this study was to observe the direct effects of oral bacteria, such as porphyromonas gingivalis (pg) and treponema denticola (td), on the peripheral vasculature. materials and methods: beagles were directly injected (at various doses) with pg or td. each leg vein was exposed, ligated at proximal and distal sites, and then injected with bacteria diluted with sterile saline. the collected vascular tissue was examined microscopically, and samples of the vascular tissue and ... | 2016 | 28018496 |
| emerging role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis: a review with special reference to perio-pathogenic bacteria. | oral cancer, primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), continues to be a major global health problem with high incidence and low survival rates. while the major risk factors for this malignancy, mostly lifestyle related, have been identified, around 15% of oral cancer cases remain unexplained. in light of evidence implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types, several epidemiological studies have been conducted in the last decade, employing methodologies ranging from traditiona ... | 2016 | 27677454 |
| papillon-lefèvre syndrome: a series of five cases among siblings. | papillon-lefèvre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and aggressively progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition. the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is relatively obscure, and immunologic, genetic, or possible bacterial etiologies have been proposed. | 2016 | 27658951 |
| periodontal and inflammatory bowel diseases: is there evidence of complex pathogenic interactions? | periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immune-inflammatory response, and both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. this review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence dealing with a possible pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and ibd. there seems to be an increased prevalence of periodontal disease in pati ... | 2016 | 27672291 |
| in situ anabolic activity of periodontal pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis and filifactor alocis in chronic periodontitis. | porphyromonas gingivalis and filifactor alocis are fastidious anaerobic bacteria strongly associated with chronic forms of periodontitis. our understanding of the growth activities of these microorganisms in situ is very limited. previous studies have shown that copy numbers of ribosomal-rna precursor (pre-rrna) of specific pathogen species relative to genomic-dna (gdna) of the same species (p:g ratios) are greater in actively growing bacterial cells than in resting cells. the method, so-called ... | 2016 | 27642101 |
| distinguishing the signals of gingivitis and periodontitis in supragingival plaque: a cross-sectional cohort study in malawi. | periodontal disease ranges from gingival inflammation (gingivitis) to the inflammation and loss of tooth-supporting tissues (periodontitis). previous research has focused mainly on subgingival plaque, but supragingival plaque composition is also known to be associated with disease. quantitative modeling of bacterial abundances across the natural range of periodontal severities can distinguish which features of disease are associated with particular changes in composition. we assessed a cross-sec ... | 2016 | 27520811 |
| dental calculus stimulates interleukin-1β secretion by activating nlrp3 inflammasome in human and mouse phagocytes. | dental calculus is a mineralized deposit associated with periodontitis. the bacterial components contained in dental calculus can be recognized by host immune sensors, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), and induce transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, such as il-1β. studies have shown that cellular uptake of crystalline particles may trigger nlrp3 inflammasome activation, leading to the cleavage of the il-1β precursor to its mature form. phagocytosis of dental calculus in the periodontal ... | 2016 | 27632566 |
| microbial profiles and detection techniques in peri-implant diseases: a systematic review. | to describe the microbial profiles of peri-implant diseases and the main detection methods. | 2016 | 27833735 |
| biased and unbiased methods for the detection of off-target cleavage by crispr/cas9: an overview. | the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)-associated protein 9 endonuclease (cas9) derived from bacterial adaptive immune systems is a revolutionary tool used in both basic and applied science. it is a versatile system that enables the genome of different species to be modified by generating double strand breaks (dsbs) at specific locations. however, all of the crispr/cas9 systems can also produce dsbs at off-target sites that differ substantially from on-target sites ... | 2016 | 27618019 |
| conservation of the c-type lectin fold for accommodating massive sequence variation in archaeal diversity-generating retroelements. | diversity-generating retroelements (dgrs) provide organisms with a unique means for adaptation to a dynamic environment through massive protein sequence variation. the potential scope of this variation exceeds that of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. dgrs were known to exist only in viruses and bacteria until their recent discovery in archaea belonging to the 'microbial dark matter', specifically in organisms closely related to nanoarchaeota. however, nanoarchaeota dgr variable proteins we ... | 2016 | 27578274 |
| the role of nutrition in periodontal health: an update. | periodontal health is influenced by a number of factors such as oral hygiene, genetic and epigenetic factors, systemic health, and nutrition. many studies have observed that a balanced diet has an essential role in maintaining periodontal health. additionally, the influences of nutritional supplements and dietary components have been known to affect healing after periodontal surgery. studies have attempted to find a correlation between tooth loss, periodontal health, and nutrition. moreover, bon ... | 2016 | 27589794 |
| erythritol is more effective than xylitol and sorbitol in managing oral health endpoints. | objective. to provide a comprehensive overview of published evidence on the impact of erythritol, a noncaloric polyol bulk sweetener, on oral health. methods. a literature review was conducted regarding the potential effects of erythritol on dental plaque (biofilm), dental caries, and periodontal therapy. the efficacy of erythritol on oral health was compared with xylitol and sorbitol. results. erythritol effectively decreased weight of dental plaque and adherence of common streptococcal oral ba ... | 2016 | 27635141 |
| impact of aging on trem-1 responses in the periodontium: a cross-sectional study in an elderly population. | aging is associated with altered immune response, which increases susceptibility to infections. strem-1 is involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. the present cross-sectional study aims to investigate local strem-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) as well as key periodontal pathogen levels in the subgingival plaque in an elderly cohort with periodontal health, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (cp). | 2016 | 27542376 |
| antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilms associated with peri-implantitis. | background. this study aimed to assessthe antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine (chx) on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilms isolated from subgingival plaque of peri-implantitis lesions. methods. thirteen patients requiring peri-implantitis treatment were consecutively selected and their subgingival biofilm was collected by inserting fine sterile paper points into peri-implant pockets for 15 seconds. a. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from the subgingival biofilm and cultured. in t ... | 2016 | 27651884 |
| oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis and after kidney transplantation. | aim of this single center cross-sectional study was to investigate oral behavior, dental, periodontal and microbiological findings in patients undergoing hemodialysis (hd) and after kidney transplantation (kt). | 2016 | 27531498 |
| distinct interacting core taxa in co-occurrence networks enable discrimination of polymicrobial oral diseases with similar symptoms. | polymicrobial diseases, which can be life threatening, are caused by the presence and interactions of multiple microbes. peri-implantitis and periodontitis are representative polymicrobial diseases that show similar clinical symptoms. to establish a means of differentiating between them, we compared microbial species and functional genes in situ by performing metatranscriptomic analyses of peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples obtained from the same subjects (n = 12 each). although the two ... | 2016 | 27499042 |
| microbiota and chronic inflammatory arthritis: an interwoven link. | only recently, the scientific community gained insights on the importance of the intestinal resident flora for the host's health and disease. gut microbiota in fact plays a crucial role in modulating innate and acquired immune responses and thus interferes with the fragile balance inflammation versus tolerance. | 2016 | 27492386 |
| beneficial properties of probiotics. | probiotics are live microorganisms that can be found in fermented foods and cultured milk, and are widely used for the preparation of infant food. they are well-known as "health friendly bacteria", which exhibit various health beneficial properties such as prevention of bowel diseases, improving the immune system, for lactose intolerance and intestinal microbial balance, exhibiting antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertensive effects, alleviation of postmenopausal disorders, and reducing travel ... | 2016 | 27688852 |
| mechanistic and evolutionary insights from the reciprocal promiscuity of two pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. | enzymes that utilize the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate play essential roles in amino acid metabolism in all organisms. the cofactor is used by proteins that adopt at least five different folds, which raises questions about the evolutionary processes that might explain the observed distribution of functions among folds. in this study, we show that a representative of fold type iii, the escherichia coli alanine racemase (alr), is a promiscuous cystathionine β-lyase (cbl). furthermore, e. coli cb ... | 2016 | 27474741 |
| oral, intestinal, and skin bacteria in ventral hernia mesh implants. | in ventral hernia surgery, mesh implants are used to reduce recurrence. infection after mesh implantation can be a problem and rates around 6-10% have been reported. bacterial colonization of mesh implants in patients without clinical signs of infection has not been thoroughly investigated. molecular techniques have proven effective in demonstrating bacterial diversity in various environments and are able to identify bacteria on a gene-specific level. | 2016 | 27476443 |
| the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members. | the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members. | 2016 | 27448413 |
| three coa transferases involved in the production of short chain fatty acids in porphyromonas gingivalis. | butyryl-coa:acetate coa transferase, which produces butyrate and acetyl-coa from butyryl-coa and acetate, is responsible for the final step of butyrate production in bacteria. this study demonstrates that in the periodontopathogenic bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis this reaction is not catalyzed by pgn_1171, previously annotated as butyryl-coa:acetate coa transferase, but by three distinct coa transferases, pgn_0725, pgn_1341, and pgn_1888. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and spec ... | 2016 | 27486457 |
| epigenetic switch driven by dna inversions dictates phase variation in streptococcus pneumoniae. | dna methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for phenotypic diversification in all forms of life. we previously described remarkable cell-to-cell heterogeneity in epigenetic pattern within a clonal population of streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading human pathogen. we here report that the epigenetic diversity is caused by extensive dna inversions among hsdsa, hsdsb, and hsdsc, three methyltransferase hsds genes in the spn556ii type-i restriction modification (r-m) locus. because hsdsa enco ... | 2016 | 27427949 |
| characterization of a potential abc-type bacteriocin exporter protein from treponema denticola. | treponema denticola is strongly associated with the development of periodontal disease. both synergistic and antagonistic effects are observed among bacterial species in the process of biofilm formation. bacteriocin-related genes have not yet been fully characterized in periodontopathic bacteria. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize bacteriocin-associated proteins in t. denticola. | 2016 | 27422166 |
| characterization of a potential abc-type bacteriocin exporter protein from treponema denticola. | treponema denticola is strongly associated with the development of periodontal disease. both synergistic and antagonistic effects are observed among bacterial species in the process of biofilm formation. bacteriocin-related genes have not yet been fully characterized in periodontopathic bacteria. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize bacteriocin-associated proteins in t. denticola. | 2016 | 27422166 |
| effects of bacterial community members on the proteome of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium nitrosomonas sp. strain is79. | microorganisms in the environment do not exist as the often-studied pure cultures but as members of complex microbial communities. characterizing the interactions within microbial communities is essential to understand their function in both natural and engineered environments. in this study, we investigated how the presence of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (nob) and heterotrophic bacteria affect the growth and proteome of the chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (aob) nitrosomonas ... | 2016 | 27235442 |
| the genomic sequence of the oral pathobiont strain ni1060 reveals unique strategies for bacterial competition and pathogenicity. | strain ni1060 is an oral bacterium responsible for periodontitis in a murine ligature-induced disease model. to better understand its pathogenicity, we have determined the complete sequence of its 2,553,982 bp genome. although closely related to pasteurella pneumotropica, a pneumonia-associated rodent commensal based on its 16s rrna, the ni1060 genomic content suggests that they are different species thriving on different energy sources via alternative metabolic pathways. genomic and phylogeneti ... | 2016 | 27409077 |
| periodontal bacterial colonization in synovial tissues exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis in b10.riii mice. | it has been previously hypothesized that oral microbes may be an etiological link between rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and periodontal disease. however, the mechanistic basis of this association is incompletely understood. here, we investigated the role of periodontal bacteria in induction of joint inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in b10.riii mice. | 2016 | 27405639 |
| peri-implant disease: what we know and what we need to know. | peri-implant disease is a serious problem that plagues today's dentistry, both in terms of therapy and epidemiology. with the expansion of the practice of implantology and an increasing number of implants placed annually, the frequency of peri-implant disease has greatly expanded. its clinical manifestations, in the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. however, many doubt ... | 2016 | 27382503 |
| micrornas as salivary markers for periodontal diseases: a new diagnostic approach? | the aim of this review is to discuss current findings regarding the roles of mirnas in periodontal diseases and the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic medium for corresponding mirna investigations. for periodontal disease, investigations have been restricted to tissue samples and five mirnas, that is, mir-142-3p, mir-146a, mir-155, mir-203, and mir-223, were repeatedly validated in vivo and in vitro by different validation methods. particularly noticeable are the small sample sizes, differe ... | 2016 | 27429973 |
| treatment of a periodontic-endodontic lesion in a patient with aggressive periodontitis. | case description. this case report describes the successful management of a left mandibular first molar with a combined periodontic-endodontic lesion in a 35-year-old caucasian woman with aggressive periodontitis using a concerted approach including endodontic treatment, periodontal therapy, and a periodontal regenerative procedure using an enamel matrix derivate. in spite of anticipated poor prognosis, the tooth lesion healed. this case report also discusses the rationale behind different treat ... | 2016 | 27418983 |
| dental calculus links statistically to angina pectoris: 26-year observational study. | dental infections, such as periodontitis, associate with atherosclerosis and its complications. we studied a cohort followed-up since 1985 for incidence of angina pectoris with the hypothesis that calculus accumulation, proxy for poor oral hygiene, links to this symptom. | 2016 | 27336307 |
| molecular evolution of the oxygen-binding hemerythrin domain. | the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis during precambrian times entailed the diversification of strategies minimizing reactive oxygen species-associated damage. four families of oxygen-carrier proteins (hemoglobin, hemerythrin and the two non-homologous families of arthropodan and molluscan hemocyanins) are known to have evolved independently the capacity to bind oxygen reversibly, providing cells with strategies to cope with the evolutionary pressure of oxygen accumulation. oxygen-binding hem ... | 2016 | 27336621 |
| variation in hemolytic activity of brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains from pigs. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the primary cause of swine dysentery, which is responsible for major economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. the hemolytic activity of 10 b. hyodysenteriae strains isolated from stools of pigs with mild to mucohemorrhagic diarrhea was compared and seven hemolysis associated genes were sequenced. hemolysis induced by these strains varied from strong to near absent. one weakly hemolytic b. hyodysenteriae strain showed sequence changes in five hemolysis associat ... | 2016 | 27338265 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis-induced mir-132 regulates tnfα expression in thp-1 derived macrophages. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by periodontopathogens such as porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis). micrornas (mirnas) are small single-stranded noncoding rnas that regulate gene expression at the level of translation. mirnas have been reported to be involved in inflammatory processes. in this study, we examined the effects of p. gingivalis-induced inflammatory mirnas expression on tnfα production in thp-1 derived macrophages. | 2016 | 27386246 |
| role of porphyromonas gingivalis hmuy in immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. | periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, with participation of bacterial, environmental, and host factors. it results from synergistic and dysbiotic multispecies microorganisms, critical "keystone pathogens," affecting the whole bacterial community. the purpose of this study was to review the role of porphyromonas gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, with special attention paid to hmuy. the host response during periodontitis involves the innate and adaptive immune sys ... | 2016 | 27403039 |
| detection of novel integrons in the metagenome of human saliva. | integrons are genetic elements capable of capturing and expressing open reading frames (orfs) embedded within gene cassettes. they are involved in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (args) in clinically important pathogens. although the args are common in the oral cavity the association of integrons and antibiotic resistance has not been reported there. in this work, a pcr-based approach was used to investigate the presence of integrons and associated gene cassettes in human oral m ... | 2016 | 27304457 |
| putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in pregnant women: a case-control study. | little is known about herpesvirus and putative periodontopathic bacteria in maternal chronic periodontitis. the present case-control study aimed to explore the potential relationship between putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in maternal chronic periodontitis.saliva samples were collected from 36 pregnant women with chronic periodontitis (cases) and 36 pregnant women with healthy periodontal status (controls). six putative periodontopathic bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis [pg ... | 2016 | 27301874 |
| clinical, radiographic and microbiological evaluation of high level laser therapy, a new photodynamic therapy protocol, in peri-implantitis treatment; a pilot experience. | aim. endosseous implants are widely used to replace missing teeth but mucositis and peri-implantitis are the most frequent long-term complications related with dental implants. removing all bacterial deposits on contaminated implant surface is very difficult due to implant surface morphology. the aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal potential of photodynamic therapy by using a new high level laser irradiation protocol associated with hydrogen peroxide in peri-implantitis. materials ... | 2016 | 27379251 |
| adjunctive use of essential oils following scaling and root planing -a randomized clinical trial. | hitherto no study has been published on the effect of the adjunctive administration of essential oils following scaling and root planing (srp). this study describes the effect of a mouthrinse consisting of essential oils (cymbopogon flexuosus, thymus zygis and rosmarinus officinalis) following srp by clinical and microbiological variables in patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis. | 2016 | 27266517 |
| oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene - a review. | oil pulling is a traditional folk remedy practiced in ancient india. it is believed to cure more than thirty systemic diseases when practiced regularly and as directed. due to occurrence of side effects to modern medicines and oral hygiene products, people are increasingly attracted towards complementary and traditional practices. oil pulling in addition to offering several oral health benefits has also beneficial effects on overall health. the present article attempts to review and discuss this ... | 2016 | 28053895 |
| oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene - a review. | oil pulling is a traditional folk remedy practiced in ancient india. it is believed to cure more than thirty systemic diseases when practiced regularly and as directed. due to occurrence of side effects to modern medicines and oral hygiene products, people are increasingly attracted towards complementary and traditional practices. oil pulling in addition to offering several oral health benefits has also beneficial effects on overall health. the present article attempts to review and discuss this ... | 2016 | 28053895 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles triggered by human mucosal fluid and lysozyme can prime host tissue surfaces for bacterial adhesion. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality that often targets epithelial surfaces. host immunocompromise, or the presence of indwelling medical devices, including contact lenses, can predispose to infection. while medical devices are known to accumulate bacterial biofilms, it is not well understood why resistant epithelial surfaces become susceptible to p. aeruginosa. many bacteria, including p. aeruginosa, release outer membrane vesicles (omvs) in response to str ... | 2016 | 27375592 |
| genomic and metagenomic analysis of diversity-generating retroelements associated with treponema denticola. | diversity-generating retroelements (dgrs) are genetic cassettes that can produce massive protein sequence variation in prokaryotes. presumably dgrs confer selective advantages to their hosts (bacteria or viruses) by generating variants of target genes-typically resulting in target proteins with altered ligand-binding specificity-through a specialized error-prone reverse transcription process. the only extensively studied dgr system is from the bordetella phage bpp-1, although dgrs are predicted ... | 2016 | 27375574 |
| quantitative molecular detection of 19 major pathogens in the interdental biofilm of periodontally healthy young adults. | in oral health, the interdental spaces are a real ecological niche for which the body has few or no alternative defenses and where the traditional daily methods for control by disrupting biofilm are not adequate. the interdental spaces are the source of many hypotheses regarding their potential associations with and/or causes of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, degenerative disease, and depression. this pcr study is the first to describe the interdental microbiota in hea ... | 2016 | 27313576 |
| minocycline ointment as a local drug delivery in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis - a clinical study. | the primary goal in periodontal therapy includes removal of the etiological factors by mechanical periodontal treatment, which sometimes fail to eliminate the anaerobic infection at the base of the pocket and requires adjuvant chemical therapy. | 2016 | 27504402 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens zur regulates the high-affinity zinc uptake system trocba and the putative metal chaperone ycic, along with zint and znuabc, for survival under zinc-limiting conditions. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has a cluster of genes (atu3178, atu3179, and atu3180) encoding an abc-type transporter, here named troa, trob, and troc, respectively, which is shown here to be a zinc-specific uptake system. reverse transcription (rt)-pcr analysis confirmed that troa, trob, and troc are cotranscribed, with troc as the first gene of the operon. the ycic (atu3181) gene is transcribed in the opposite orientation to that of the trocba operon and belongs to a metal-binding gtpase family. e ... | 2016 | 27060116 |
| a novel species of torque teno mini virus (ttmv) in gingival tissue from chronic periodontitis patients. | a new species of torque teno mini virus, named ttmv-222, was detected in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients using a viral metagenomics method. the 2803-nucleotide genome of ttmv-222 is closely related to ttmv1-cbd279, with 62.6% overall nucleotide similarity. genetic analyses of the new virus genome revealed a classic genomic organization but a weak identity with known sequences. the prevalence of ttmv-222 in the periodontitis group (n = 150) was significantly higher than that in the he ... | 2016 | 27221159 |
| polymeric nanoparticle-based photodynamic therapy for chronic periodontitis in vivo. | antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) is increasingly being explored for treatment of periodontitis. here, we investigated the effect of apdt on human dental plaque bacteria in suspensions and biofilms in vitro using methylene blue (mb)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (plga) nanoparticles (mb-np) and red light at 660 nm. the effect of mb-np-based apdt was also evaluated in a clinical pilot study with 10 adult human subjects with chronic periodontitis. dental plaque samples from human subject ... | 2016 | 27213356 |
| the efficacy of er,cr:ysgg laser supported periodontal therapy on the reduction of peridodontal disease related oral malodor: a randomized clinical study. | this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of er,cr:ysgg laser assisted periodontal therapy on the reduction of oral malodor and periodontal disease. | 2016 | 27145828 |
| frequency of periodontal pathogens and helicobacter pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals submitted to bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. | this cross-sectional study compared the frequency of oral periodontopathogens and h. pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals with or without periodontitis submitted to bariatric surgery. | 2016 | 27383704 |
| single-enzyme biomineralization of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals with controlled optical properties. | nature has evolved several unique biomineralization strategies to direct the synthesis and growth of inorganic materials. these natural systems are complex, involving the interaction of multiple biomolecules to catalyze biomineralization and template growth. herein we describe the first report to our knowledge of a single enzyme capable of both catalyzing mineralization in otherwise unreactive solution and of templating nanocrystal growth. a recombinant putative cystathionine γ-lyase (smcse) min ... | 2016 | 27118834 |
| histoplasma capsulatum-induced cytokine secretion in lung epithelial cells is dependent on host integrins, src-family kinase activation, and membrane raft recruitment. | histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis, a human systemic mycosis with worldwide distribution. in the present work, we demonstrate that h. capsulatum yeasts are able to induce cytokine secretion by the human lung epithelial cell line a549 in integrin- and src-family kinase (sfk)-dependent manners. this conclusion is supported by small interfering rna (sirna) directed to α3 and α5 integrins, and pp2, an inhibitor of sfk activation. sirna and pp2 red ... | 2016 | 27148251 |
| microbiota-based signature of gingivitis treatments: a randomized study. | plaque-induced gingivitis can be alleviated by various treatment regimens. to probe the impacts of various anti-gingivitis treatments on plaque microflora, here a double blinded, randomized controlled trial of 91 adults with moderate gingivitis was designed with two anti-gingivitis regimens: the brush-alone treatment and the brush-plus-rinse treatment. in the later group, more reduction in both plaque index (tmqhi) and gingival index (mean mgi) at day 3, day 11 and day 27 was evident, and more d ... | 2016 | 27094556 |
| assessment of the quantity of microorganisms associated with bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage after periodontal treatment: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. | the association between periodontal disease (pd) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has been widely studied, with aspiration of periodontal pathogens being one of the most accepted causal mechanisms for pulmonary exacerbation. periodontal treatment (pt) was associated with a decrease in these exacerbations. bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease that has many similarities to copd; however, there are no studies correlating this condition to pd thus far. this study will evaluate if pt ... | 2016 | 27084279 |
| tongue coating and the salivary microbial communities vary in children with halitosis. | halitosis is a common symptom mainly caused by microbial activities in the oral cavity. here, we used 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing and metagenomic sequencing to examine oral microbial compositions and their functional variations in children with halitosis. we found that the tongue coating of subjects with halitosis had greater bacterial richness than those of healthy subjects. the relative abundance and prevalence of leptotrichia wadei and peptostreptococcus stomatis were higher in tongue coatin ... | 2016 | 27080513 |
| the microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health. | equine periodontal disease is a common and painful condition and its severe form, periodontitis, can lead to tooth loss. its aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood despite recent increased awareness of this disorder amongst the veterinary profession. bacteria have been found to be causative agents of the disease in other species, but current understanding of their role in equine periodontitis is extremely limited. the aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to identify the m ... | 2016 | 27080859 |
| nonsyndromic localized aggressive periodontitis of primary dentition: a rare case report. | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gingiva and tissues of the periodontium. it is characterized by pocket formation and destruction of supporting alveolar bone. periodontal diseases of aggressive nature are not very common in children. they are usually associated with systemic conditions. the present case report is of a 5-year-old male child who reported with rapid attachment loss and bony defects of the gingiva and supporting structures. his family and medical history gave no contr ... | 2016 | 27307682 |
| efficacy of local use of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis and halitosis: a randomized controlled trial. | periodontitis is known to have multifactorial etiology, involving interplay between environmental, host and microbial factors. the current treatment approaches are aimed at reducing the pathogenic microorganisms. administration of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) has emerged as a promising concept in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the local use of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp) in the tr ... | 2016 | 27162801 |
| microbial synthesis of propane by engineering valine pathway and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase. | propane, a major component of liquid petroleum gas (lpg) derived from fossil fuels, has widespread applications in vehicles, cooking, and ambient heating. given the concerns about fossil fuel depletion and carbon emission, exploiting alternative and renewable source of propane have become attractive. in this study, we report the construction of a novel propane biosynthetic pathway in escherichia coli. | 2016 | 27042209 |
| mucosal and salivary microbiota associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) is a common oral mucosal disorder of unclear etiopathogenesis. although recent studies of the oral microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of 16s rrna genes have suggested that imbalances in the oral microbiota may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of ras, no specific bacterial species associated with ras have been identified. the present study aimed to characterize the microbiota in the oral mucosa and saliva of ras patients in comparison with control subje ... | 2016 | 27036492 |
| differential responses of pattern recognition receptors to outer membrane vesicles of three periodontal pathogens. | highly purified outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of the periodontal pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia were produced using tangential flow ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation and optiprep density gradient separation. cryo-tem and light scattering showed omvs to be single lipid-bilayers with modal diameters of 75 to 158 nm. enumeration of omvs by nanoparticle flow-cytometry at the same stage of late exponential culture indicated that p. gingivalis was ... | 2016 | 27035339 |
| accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens. | despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. the aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens. | 2016 | 27020914 |
| microbiological efficacy of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a clinical trial. | the efficiency of routine scaling and root planning is negatively influenced by the tooth anatomy and residual bacteria all possibly affecting the treatment outcomes in future. the present study compared the microbiologic effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy (pdt) as an adjunctive treatment modality for nonsurgical treatment in chronic periodontitis. | 2016 | 27330709 |
| oxidative stress and periodontal disease in obesity. | periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the jaws and is more prevalent in obesity. local and systemic oxidative stress may be an early link between periodontal disease and obesity. the primary aim of this study was to detect whether increased periodontal disease susceptibility in obese individuals is associated with local and systemic oxidative stress. accordingly; we analyzed periodontal status and systemic (serum) and local (gingival crevicular fluid [gcf]) oxidative status ma ... | 2016 | 27015191 |
| the outer-membrane export signal of porphyromonas gingivalis type ix secretion system (t9ss) is a conserved c-terminal β-sandwich domain. | in the recently characterized type ix secretion system (t9ss), the conserved c-terminal domain (ctd) in secreted proteins functions as an outer membrane translocation signal for export of virulence factors to the cell surface in the gram-negative bacteroidetes phylum. in the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis, the ctd is cleaved off by poru sortase in a sequence-independent manner, and anionic lipopolysaccharide (a-lps) is attached to many translocated proteins, thus anchoring them to ... | 2016 | 27005013 |
| c/ebp β mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress regulated inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation in lps-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells. | periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease that not only affects the integrity of local tooth-supporting tissues but also impacts systemic health. a compositional shift in oral microbiota has been considered as the main cause of periodontitis; however, the potential mechanism has not been fully defined. herein, we investigated the role of ccaat/enhancer-binding protein β (c/ebp β), a member of the c/ebp family of transcription factors, in human periodontal ligament cells (hpdlcs) exposed to p ... | 2016 | 27011164 |