| isolation and identification of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus from prawn (penaeus monodon) seafood: preservation strategies. | bacterial diseases are one of the major problems which affects the production, development and expansion of aqua culture. vibrio sp. are widespread in marine and estuarine environments. the several pathogenic species are commonly associated with outbreaks of vibrio species and it is mainly associated with food poisonings. in this research, the occurrence of vibrio sp. was studied by the isolation and it is confirmed by the biochemical methods. the growth rate was studied by changing the differen ... | 2016 | 27457973 |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 in northern vietnam (2007-2009), using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. | cholera is an infectious disease of major concern in vietnam and other asian countries. in 2009, there was a large outbreak of cholera in northern vietnam. to investigate relationships among isolates of the causative pathogen vibrio cholerae in this region since 2007, we carried out a multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of 170 isolates collected between 2007 and 2009. a total of 24 mlva types were identified using seven loci. five clones (1-5) were identified using five loci ... | 2016 | 27452304 |
| chemical synthesis of the galacturonic acid containing pentasaccharide antigen of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 and its five fragments. | three pentasaccharides, two tetrasaccharides, and a trisaccharide fragment of the o-specific antigen of vibrio cholerae o139 were synthesized by applying 1 + 1, 2 + 1, 3 + 1, and 4 + 1 coupling strategies. the most challenging tasks involved were the synthesis of the 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkage between galactose and the linker (spacer) molecule and final purification of the target multicharged substances. difficulties with final deprotection by hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis caused by the presence ... | 2016 | 27452084 |
| the complete genomic analysis of an imported vibrio cholerae from myanmar in southwest china. | we sequenced and analyzed an imported vibrio cholerae from mynamar in 2011 by using whole genome sequencing method in yunnan province, southwest china. other 3 isolates of v. cholerae in yunnan were also sequenced for comparing purpose. illumina hiseq2500 was used and the sequencing results were assembled and annotated. the comparative genomic analysis was also performed with 101 reference strains from china and abroad. the results showed the imported v. cholerae (yn2011004) had two chromosomes ... | 2016 | 27448952 |
| genome sequence of the k139-like phage vcp032 originating from the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa serotype. | vibrio cholerae is the cause of large cholera outbreaks, especially in endemic regions with high poverty and inadequate sanitation. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the virulence-associated broad host range v. cholerae phage vcp032, including a brief summary of its genotypic and phenotypic features. | 2016 | 27445393 |
| development of an immunosensor using oriented immobilized anti-ompw for sensitive detection of vibrio cholerae by surface plasmon resonance. | the first spr sensor for detection of bacteria was reported in 1998 with high detection limit as much as 10(7)cfu/ml. since then, a lot of effort has been made to lower detection limit and increase sensitivity of detection mainly by using of different assay formats, immobilization strategies, suitable antibodies, minimizing non-specific adsorption and improving the quality of spr devices. the aim of this paper is to introduce the potential of an antibody against recombinant outer membrane protei ... | 2016 | 27442077 |
| hybridoma as a specific, sensitive, and ready to use sensing element: a rapid fluorescence assay for detection of vibrio cholerae o1. | over the last decade, isolation and purification of monoclonal antibodies, for diagnostic analysis, have been carried out using the hybridoma expression system. the present study describes a novel example of a detection system using hybridoma cells containing antibody against o1 antigen directly for v. cholerae diagnosis, which is a major health problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. this method has advantages such as simplicity, ease of process, and it does not ... | 2016 | 27438715 |
| (1)h, (15)n and (13)c resonance assignments of the c-terminal domain of vibrio cholerae tola protein. | vibrio cholerae is the bacterial causative agent of the human disease cholera. non-pathogenic bacterium can be converted to pathogenic following infection by a filamentous phage, ctxφ, that carries the cholera toxin encoding genes. a crucial step during phage infection requires a direct interaction between the ctxφ minor coat protein (piii(ctx)) and the c-terminal domain of v. cholerae tola protein (tolaiiivc). in order to get a better understanding of tola function during the infection process, ... | 2016 | 27436120 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on fomites. | it is well established that the contamination sources of cholera causing bacteria, vibrio cholerae, are water and food, but little is known about the transmission role of the fomites (surfaces that can carry pathogens) commonly used in households. in the absence of appropriate nutrients or growth conditions on fomites, bacteria have been known to assume a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state after a given period of time. to investigate whether and when v. cholerae o1 assumes such a state, this ... | 2016 | 27430513 |
| conformational flexibility and dynamics of the internal loop and helical regions of the kink-turn motif in the glycine riboswitch by site-directed spin-labeling. | site-directed spin-labeling (sdsl) electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy provides a means for a solution state description of site-specific dynamics and flexibility of large rnas, facilitating our understanding of the effects of environmental conditions such as ligands and ions on rna structure and dynamics. here, the utility and capability of epr line shape analysis and distance measurements to monitor and describe site-specific changes in the conformational dynamics of internal lo ... | 2016 | 27427937 |
| are natural reservoirs important for cholera surveillance? the case of an outbreak in a brazilian estuary. | paranaguá bay is one of the largest estuarine systems on the southern brazilian coast. the only recorded cholera outbreak in this region since the early 20th century occurred in 1999 and resulted in 467 cases and at least three reported deaths in a population of approx. 150 000 people. this short communication reports historical, unpublished data related to that outbreak. water, zooplankton and bivalve samples were collected and evaluated using direct fluorescence assay to determine whether vibr ... | 2016 | 27416521 |
| comparison of dot-elisa and standard-elisa for detection of the vibrio cholerae toxin in culture supernatants of bacteria isolated from human and environmental samples. | a comparison of dot-elisa and standard-elisa was made for detection of vibrio cholerae toxin in culture supernatants of bacteria isolated from human and environmental samples. a total of 293 supernatants were tested in a double blind assay. a correlation of 100 % was obtained between both techniques. the cholera toxin was found in 20 inaba and 3 ogawa strains. positive samples were from seafood (17 samples), potable water (1 sample) and sewage (5 samples). the dot-elisa was useful as the standar ... | 2016 | 27407304 |
| role of indole production on virulence of vibrio cholerae using galleria mellonella larvae model. | cell to cell communication facilitated by chemical signals plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular functions in bacteria. indole, one such signaling molecule has been demonstrated to control various bacterial phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence in diverse bacteria including vibrio cholerae. the present study explores some key factors involved in indole production and the subsequent pathogenesis of v. cholerae. indole production was higher at 37 °c than at 30 °c, althoug ... | 2016 | 27407302 |
| mechanisms underlying the immune response generated by an oral vibrio cholerae vaccine. | mechanistic details underlying the resulting protective immune response generated by mucosal vaccines remain largely unknown. we investigated the involvement of toll-like receptor signaling in the induction of humoral immune responses following oral immunization with dukoral, comparing wild type mice with tlr-2-, tlr-4-, myd88- and trif-deficient mice. although all groups generated similar levels of igg antibodies, the proliferation of cd4+ t-cells in response to v. cholerae was shown to be medi ... | 2016 | 27384558 |
| a small number of phylogenetically distinct clonal complexes dominate a coastal vibrio cholerae population. | vibrio cholerae is a ubiquitous aquatic microbe in temperate and tropical coastal areas. it is a diverse species, with many isolates that are harmless to humans, while others are highly pathogenic. most notable among them are strains belonging to the pandemic o1/o139 serogroup lineage, which contains the causative agents of cholera. the environmental selective regimes that led to this diversity are key to understanding how pathogens evolve in environmental reservoirs. a local population of v. ch ... | 2016 | 27371587 |
| heme-independent redox sensing by the heme-nitric oxide/oxygen-binding protein (h-nox) from vibrio cholerae. | heme nitric oxide/oxygen (h-nox)-binding proteins act as nitric oxide (no) sensors among various bacterial species. in several cases, they act to mediate communal behavior such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and motility by influencing the activity of downstream signaling proteins such as histidine kinases (hiska) in a no-dependent manner. an h-nox/hiska regulatory circuit was recently identified in vibrio cholerae, and the h-nox protein has been spectroscopically characterized. however, ... | 2016 | 27358409 |
| aaa+ proteases and their role in distinct stages along the vibrio cholerae lifecycle. | the facultative human pathogen vibrio cholerae has to adapt to different environmental conditions along its lifecycle by means of transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. this study provides a first comprehensive analysis regarding the contribution of the cytoplasmic aaa+ proteases lon, clpp and hslv to distinct features of v. cholerae behaviour, including biofilm formation, motility, cholera toxin expression and colonization fitness in the mouse model. while absence of ... | 2016 | 27345492 |
| structural and functional evidence indicates selective oxygen signaling in caldanaerobacter subterraneus h-nox. | acute and specific sensing of diatomic gas molecules is an essential facet of biological signaling. heme nitric oxide/oxygen binding (h-nox) proteins are a family of gas sensors found in diverse classes of bacteria and eukaryotes. the most commonly characterized bacterial h-nox domains are from facultative anaerobes and are activated through a conformational change caused by formation of a 5-coordinate fe(ii)-no complex. members of this h-nox subfamily do not bind o2 and therefore can selectivel ... | 2016 | 27328180 |
| the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase enhances oxidative stress in the cytoplasm of vibrio cholerae. | we searched for a source of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cytoplasm of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae and addressed the mechanism of ros formation using the dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (dcfh-da) in respiring cells. by comparing v. cholerae strains with or without active na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), this respiratory sodium ion redox pump was identified as a producer of ros in vivo the amount of cytoplasmic ros detected in v. cholerae cells pr ... | 2016 | 27325677 |
| vibrio cholerae gbpa elicits necrotic cell death in intestinal cells. | vibrio choleraen-acetylglucosamine-binding protein gbpa is a secretory protein that facilitates the initial adherence of bacteria in the human intestine. until now, considerable progress in the characterization of gbpa has been done, yet little is known about its role in host response. our present studies demonstrated that gbpa at the amount secreted in the intestine resulted in decreased cell viability, altered cell morphology, disruption of cell membrane integrity and damage of cellular dna in ... | 2016 | 27324251 |
| genetic relatedness of selected clinical vibrio cholerae o139 isolates from the southern coastal area of china over a 20-year period. | vibrio cholerae o139 emerged as a causative agent of epidemic cholera in 1992 in india and bangladesh, and was subsequently reported in china in 1993. the genetic relatedness and molecular characteristics of v. cholerae o139 in guangdong province, located in the southern coastal area of china, remains undetermined. in this study, we investigated 136 clinical v. cholerae o139 isolates from 1993 to 2013 in guangdong. by conventional pcr, 123 (90·4%) isolates were positive for ctxb, ace and zot. se ... | 2016 | 27305977 |
| circulation of a quorum-sensing-impaired variant of vibrio cholerae strain c6706 masks important phenotypes. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a model organism for studying virulence regulation, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and the cell-to-cell communication known as quorum sensing (qs). as in any research field, discrepancies between data from diverse laboratories are sometimes observed for v. cholerae. such discrepancies are often caused by the use of diverse patient or environmental isolates. in this study, we investigated the inability of a few laboratories to repr ... | 2017 | 27303743 |
| characterization of v. cholerae t3ss-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. | am-19226 is a pathogenic, non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strain of vibrio cholerae that uses a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) mediated mechanism to colonize host tissues and disrupt homeostasis, causing cholera. co-culturing the caco2-bbe human intestinal epithelial cell line with am-19226 in the presence of bile results in rapid mammalian cell death that requires a functional t3ss. we examined the role of bile, sought to identify the mechanism, and evaluated the contributions of t3ss translocated ef ... | 2016 | 27302486 |
| phenotypic analysis reveals that the 2010 haiti cholera epidemic is linked to a hypervirulent strain. | vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains have been responsible for pandemic cholera since 1961. these strains have evolved over time, spreading globally in three separate waves. wave 3 is caused by altered el tor (aet) variant strains, which include the strain with the signature ctxb7 allele that was introduced in 2010 into haiti, where it caused a devastating epidemic. in this study, we used phenotypic analysis to compare an early isolate from the haiti epidemic to wave 1 el tor isolates commonly used ... | 2016 | 27297393 |
| anion inhibition profiles of α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. | among the numerous metalloenzymes known to date, carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) was the first zinc containing one, being discovered decades ago. ca is a hydro-lyase, which catalyzes the following hydration-dehydration reaction: co2+h2o⇋hco3(-)+h(+). several ca classes are presently known, including the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-cas. in prokaryotes, the existence of genes encoding cas from at least three classes (α-, β- and γ-class) suggests that these enzymes play a key role in the physiolog ... | 2016 | 27283786 |
| cholera outbreak caused by drug resistant vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 biotype eltor serotype ogawa in nepal; a cross-sectional study. | cholera is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries including nepal. recently drug resistance in vibrio cholerae has become a serious problem mainly in developing countries. the main objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of vibrio cholerae in stool samples from patients with watery diarrhea and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of v. cholerae isolates. | 2016 | 27274815 |
| cholera toxin promotes th17 cell differentiation by modulating expression of polarizing cytokines and the antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells. | cholera toxin (ct), an exotoxin produced by vibrio cholera, acts as a mucosal adjuvant. in a previous study, we showed that ct skews differentiation of cd4 t cells to il-17-producing th17 cells. here, we found that intranasal administration of ct induced migration of migratory dendritic cell (dc) populations, cd103+ dcs and cd11bhi dcs, to the lung draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medln). among those dc subsets, cd11bhi dcs that were relatively immature had a major role in th17 cell differentia ... | 2016 | 27271559 |
| phenotypic and genetic characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1 carrying haitian ctxb and attributes of classical and el tor biotypes isolated from silvassa, india. | vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, the causative agent of the seventh pandemic, has recently been replaced by strains carrying classical and haitian ctxb in india, haiti and other parts of the world. we conducted phenotypic and genetic tests to characterize v. cholerae o1 isolated between 2012 and 2014 from silvassa, india, to examine the presence of virulence and regulatory genes, seventh pandemic marker, ctxb type and biofilm formation and to study genomic diversity. of the 59 v. cholerae o1, ... | 2016 | 27255911 |
| biofilm formation of vibrio cholerae on stainless steel used in food processing. | vibrio cholerae represents a significant threat to human health in developing countries. this pathogen forms biofilms which favors its attachment to surfaces and its survival and transmission by water or food. this work evaluated the in vitro biofilm formation of v. cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources on stainless steel of the type used in food processing by using the environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem). results showed no cell adhesion at 4 h and scarce surfac ... | 2016 | 27253749 |
| multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates from 2012 to 2013 cholera outbreaks in iran. | cholera remains to be an international threat, with high rates of illness and death. in 2012 and 2013, two cholera outbreak happened in iran, affecting lots of people. vibrio cholerae o1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. source identification and controlling the spread of the cholera disease are two critical approaches in cholera outbreaks. in this study, thirty v. cholerae o1 isolates were selected and has been evaluated for antimicrobial resistant as well as molecular typing by multilocu ... | 2016 | 27247094 |
| chironomids' relationship with aeromonas species. | chironomids (diptera: chironomidae), also known as non-biting midges, are one of the most abundant groups of insects in aquatic habitats. they undergo a complete metamorphosis of four life stages of which three are aquatic (egg, larva, and pupa), and the adult emerges into the air. chironomids serve as a natural reservoir of aeromonas and vibrio cholerae species. here, we review existing knowledge about the mutual relations between aeromonas species and chironomids. using 454-pyrosequencing of t ... | 2016 | 27242751 |
| the resistance of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains to the typing phage 919tp, a member of k139 phage family. | bacteriophage 919tp is a temperate phage of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 el tor and is used as a subtyping phage in the phage-biotyping scheme in cholera surveillance in china. in this study, sequencing of the 919tp genome showed that it belonged to the vibrio phage k139 family. the mechanisms conferring resistance to 919tp infection of el tor strains were explored to help understand the subtyping basis of phage 919tp and mutations related to 919tp resistance. among the test strains resistant to ... | 2016 | 27242744 |
| [bacteraemia due to non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae: the risks of eating seafood in a cirrhotic patient]. | | 2016 | 27242157 |
| molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio cholerae associated with a large cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014. | ghana is affected by regular cholera epidemics and an annual average of 3,066 cases since 2000. in 2014, ghana experienced one of its largest cholera outbreaks within a decade with more than 20,000 notified infections. in order to attribute this rise in cases to a newly emerging strain or to multiple simultaneous outbreaks involving multi-clonal strains, outbreak isolates were characterized, subtyped and compared to previous epidemics in 2011 and 2012. | 2016 | 27232338 |
| solar-thermal complex sample processing for nucleic acid based diagnostics in limited resource settings. | the use of point-of-care (poc) devices in limited resource settings where access to commonly used infrastructure, such as water and electricity, can be restricted represents simultaneously one of the best application fits for poc systems as well as one of the most challenging places to deploy them. of the many challenges involved in these systems, the preparation and processing of complex samples like stool, vomit, and biopsies are particularly difficult due to the high number and varied nature ... | 2016 | 27231636 |
| host, pathogen and environment: a bacterial gbpa gene expression study in response to magnesium environment and presence of prawn carapace and commercial chitin. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium which is found largely in estuarine and coastal waters. the bacteria has been a main focus in gastro-intestinal infections caused primarily due to the consumption of contaminated seafood. it was shown to survive in magnesium concentrations as high as 300 mm which are toxic to various other micro-organisms. several genes of v. parahaemolyticus were studied, among which gbpa (n-acetyl glucosamine binding protein) was reported in vibri ... | 2016 | 27231485 |
| [possibilities of application of maldi-tof mass-spectrometry for study of carbohydrate-specific receptors for diagnostic bacteriophage el tor]. | study mechanisms of interaction of diagnostic bacteriophage el tor with sensitive strain vibrio cholerae el tor 18507 using direct protein profiling, identification of constant and variable proteins, taking part in interaction of the phage and cell, as well as carbohydrate-specific phage receptors. | 2016 | 27228677 |
| staying alive: vibrio cholerae's cycle of environmental survival, transmission, and dissemination. | infectious diseases kill nearly 9 million people annually. bacterial pathogens are responsible for a large proportion of these diseases, and the bacterial agents of pneumonia, diarrhea, and tuberculosis are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. increasingly, the crucial role of nonhost environments in the life cycle of bacterial pathogens is being recognized. heightened scrutiny has been given to the biological processes impacting pathogen dissemination and survival in the natural en ... | 2016 | 27227302 |
| prevalence and distribution of vibrio spp. in wild aquatic birds of the southern caribbean sea, venezuela, 2011-12. | vibrio spp. are associated with waterbirds mainly in temperate latitudes. we evaluated the prevalence and distribution of vibrio spp. from fecal samples of resident and migratory aquatic birds collected during october 2011 and march 2012 at two coastal sites in the tropical southern caribbean sea. we amplified dna by pcr in 40% of samples, resulting in 47% and 36% estimated prevalence for resident and migratory birds in cuare wildlife refuge, and 33% and 44% in margarita island, respectively. we ... | 2016 | 27224211 |
| pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea caused by the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant: an in vivo study in mice. | cholera is caused by infection with vibrio cholerae. this study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of diarrhea caused by the v. cholerae o1 el tor variant (el), a major epidemic strain causing severe diarrhea in several regions. in the ligated ileal loop model of el-induced diarrhea in the icr mice, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) inhibitor and a calcium-activated chloride channel (cacc) inhibitor similarly inhibited intestinal fluid secretion. in addition, bar ... | 2016 | 27222028 |
| structure, regulation, and inhibition of the quorum-sensing signal integrator luxo. | in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate with chemical signal molecules called autoinducers to control collective behaviors. in pathogenic vibrios, including vibrio cholerae, the accumulation of autoinducers triggers repression of genes responsible for virulence factor production and biofilm formation. the vibrio autoinducer molecules bind to transmembrane receptors of the two-component histidine sensor kinase family. autoinducer binding inactivates the receptors' kinase activiti ... | 2016 | 27219477 |
| a transposon screen identifies genetic determinants of vibrio cholerae resistance to high-molecular-weight antibiotics. | gram-negative bacteria are notoriously resistant to a variety of high-molecular-weight antibiotics due to the limited permeability of their outer membrane (om). the basis of om barrier function and the genetic factors required for its maintenance remain incompletely understood. here, we employed transposon insertion sequencing to identify genes required for vibrio cholerae resistance to vancomycin and bacitracin, antibiotics that are thought to be too large to efficiently penetrate the om. the s ... | 2016 | 27216069 |
| genome analysis of a clinical isolate of shewanella sp. uncovered an active hybrid integrative and conjugative element carrying an integron platform inserted in a novel genomic locus. | shewanella spp. are currently considered to be emerging pathogens that can code for a blaoxa carbapenemase in their chromosome. complete genome analysis of the clinical isolate shewanella sp. sh95 revealed that this strain is a novel species, which shares a lineage with marine isolates. characterization of its resistome showed that it codes for genes drfa15, qach and blaoxa-48. we propose that shewanella sp. sh95 acts as reservoir of blaoxa-48. moreover, analysis of mobilome showed that it conta ... | 2016 | 27215217 |
| response of vibrio cholerae to low-temperature shifts: cspv regulation of type vi secretion, biofilm formation, and association with zooplankton. | the ability to sense and adapt to temperature fluctuation is critical to the aquatic survival, transmission, and infectivity of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. little information is available on the physiological changes that occur when v. cholerae experiences temperature shifts. the genome-wide transcriptional profile of v. cholerae upon a shift in human body temperature (37°c) to lower temperatures, 15°c and 25°c, which mimic those found in the aquatic environment, ... | 2016 | 27208110 |
| the 2002 chandigarh cholera outbreak revisited: utility of maldi-tof as a molecular epidemiology tool. | in july 2002, an outbreak of cholera occurred in north india with two separate geographical foci. pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was previously used in typing a representative sample of these isolates. this study evaluates the usefulness of maldi-tof as an epidemiological tool for typing vibrio cholerae isolates in comparison with pfge and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp). forty-six isolates of v. cholerae isolated from stool of patients affected in the july 2002 outbreak ... | 2016 | 27198622 |
| population-level effect of cholera vaccine on displaced populations, south sudan, 2014. | following mass population displacements in south sudan, preventive cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted in displaced persons camps before a 2014 cholera outbreak. we compare cholera transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated areas and show vaccination likely halted transmission within vaccinated areas, illustrating the potential for oral cholera vaccine to stop cholera transmission in vulnerable populations. | 2016 | 27192187 |
| the lake chad basin, an isolated and persistent reservoir of vibrio cholerae o1: a genomic insight into the outbreak in cameroon, 2010. | the prevalence of reported cholera was relatively low around the lake chad basin until 1991. since then, cholera outbreaks have been reported every couple of years. the objective of this study was to investigate the 2010/2011 vibrio cholerae outbreak in cameroon to gain insight into the genomic make-up of the v. cholerae strains responsible for the outbreak. twenty-four strains were isolated and whole genome sequenced. known virulence genes, resistance genes and integrating conjugative element ( ... | 2016 | 27191718 |
| comparison of inferred relatedness based on multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and whole genome sequencing of vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease. understanding the local genetic diversity and transmission of v. cholerae will improve our ability to control cholera. vibrio cholerae isolates clustered in genetically related groups (clonal complexes, cc) by multilocus variable tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) were compared by whole genome sequencing (wgs). isolates in cc1 had been isolated from two geographical locations. isolates in a second genetically distinct group, cc2, were isolat ... | 2016 | 27190166 |
| genetic analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus intestinal colonization. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide and a blight on global aquaculture. this organism requires a horizontally acquired type iii secretion system (t3ss2) to infect the small intestine, but knowledge of additional factors that underlie v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity is limited. we used transposon-insertion sequencing to screen for genes that contribute to viability of v. parahaemolyticus in vitro and in the mammalian intestine. our analysi ... | 2016 | 27185914 |
| isolation frequency and susceptibility pattern of non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae in a tertiary health care laboratory, 1999-2012. | in the past decade the importance of non-o1 and non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae has been highlighted globally. this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of non-o1 and non-o139 v. cholerae in pakistan. data of stool specimens yielding growth of non-o1 and non-o139 v. cholerae isolated at a national referral laboratory from 1999 to 2012 were retrospectively analysed and evaluated for resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazo ... | 2016 | 27180742 |
| targeting apha : a new high-throughput screening assay identifies compounds that reduce prime virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. | a high-throughput screening (hts) assay was developed for identifying compounds with inhibitory effect on apha, one of the key regulators positively controlling vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. an inhibitory effect on apha was expected to lead to attenuation in the secretion of the major pathogenicity factors of v. cholerae, cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus. the plasmid construct paksb was developed with a kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene under the control of the apha -like promoter for co ... | 2016 | 27174292 |
| sequence variations in the non-coding sequence of ctx phages in vibrio cholerae. | this study focused on the variations in the non-coding sequences between ctxb and rstr of various ctx phages. the non-coding sequences of ctx-1 and ctx-cla are phage type-specific. the length of the non-coding region of ctx-1 and ctx-cla is 601 and 730 nucleotides, respectively. the non-coding sequence of ctx phage could be divided into three regions. there is a phage type-specific variable region between two homologous common regions (common regions 1 and 2). the non-coding sequence of rs1 elem ... | 2016 | 27160575 |
| a checkpoint control orchestrates the replication of the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae. | bacteria with multiple chromosomes represent up to 10% of all bacterial species. unlike eukaryotes, these bacteria use chromosome-specific initiators for their replication. in all cases investigated, the machineries for secondary chromosome replication initiation are of plasmid origin. one of the important differences between plasmids and chromosomes is that the latter replicate during a defined period of the cell cycle, ensuring a single round of replication per cell. vibrio cholerae carries tw ... | 2016 | 27152358 |
| revisiting the oligomerization mechanism of vibrio cholerae cytolysin, a beta-barrel pore-forming toxin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a membrane-damaging beta-barrel pore-forming toxin (beta-pft). vcc causes permeabilization of the target membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric beta-barrel pores. oligomerization is a key step in the mode of action of any beta-pft, including that of vcc. earlier studies have identified some of the key residues in vcc that are directly involved in the generation of the inter-protomer contacts, thus playing critical roles in the oligomerization of the memb ... | 2016 | 27150630 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of vibrio spp. within the sydney harbour estuary. | vibrio are a genus of marine bacteria that have substantial environmental and human health importance, and there is evidence that their impact may be increasing as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. we investigated the abundance and composition of the vibrio community within the sydney harbour estuary, one of the most densely populated coastal areas in australia, and a region currently experiencing rapidly changing environmental conditions. using quantitative pcr (qpcr) and vibr ... | 2016 | 27148171 |
| sustained local diversity of vibrio cholerae o1 biotypes in a previously cholera-free country. | although the current cholera pandemic can trace its origin to a specific time and place, many variants of vibrio cholerae have caused this disease over the last 50 years. the relative clinical importance and geographical distribution of these variants have changed with time, but most remain in circulation. some countries, such as mexico and haiti, had escaped the current pandemic, until large epidemics struck them in 1991 and 2010, respectively. cholera has been endemic in these countries ever s ... | 2016 | 27143391 |
| independent regulation of type vi secretion in vibrio cholerae by tfox and tfoy. | type vi secretion systems (t6sss) are nanomachines used for interbacterial killing and intoxication of eukaryotes. although vibrio cholerae is a model organism for structural studies on t6sss, the underlying regulatory network is less understood. a recent study showed that the t6ss is part of the natural competence regulon in v. cholerae and is activated by the regulator tfox. here, we identify the tfox homolog tfoy as a second activator of the t6ss. importantly, despite inducing the same t6ss c ... | 2016 | 27117415 |
| designing an efficient multi-epitope peptide vaccine against vibrio cholerae via combined immunoinformatics and protein interaction based approaches. | cholera continues to be a major global health concern. among different vibrio cholerae strains, only o1 and o139 cause acute diarrheal diseases that are related to epidemic and pandemic outbreaks. the currently available cholera vaccines are mainly lived and attenuated vaccines consisting of v. cholerae virulence factors such as toxin-coregulated pili (tcp), outer membrane proteins (omps), and nontoxic cholera toxin b subunit (ctb). nowadays, there is a great interest in designing an efficient e ... | 2016 | 27107181 |
| erratum for mangat et al., characterization of vcc-1, a novel ambler class a carbapenemase from vibrio cholerae isolated from imported retail shrimp sold in canada. | | 2016 | 27107107 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 bacteraemia: description of three cases in the netherlands and a literature review. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 serogroup (vcno) bacteraemia is a severe condition with a high case-fatality rate. we report three cases diagnosed in the netherlands, identified during a national microbiological congress, and provide a literature review on vcno bacteraemia. a search strategy including synonyms for 'vcno' and 'bacteraemia' was applied to pubmed, medline, web of science and embase databases. the three cases were reported in elderly male patients after fish consumption and/or surface water ... | 2016 | 27104237 |
| toxr antagonizes h-ns regulation of horizontally acquired genes to drive host colonization. | the virulence regulator toxr initiates and coordinates gene expression needed by vibrio cholerae to colonize the small intestine and cause disease. despite its prominence in v. cholerae virulence, our understanding of the direct toxr regulon is limited to four genes: toxt, ompt, ompu and ctxa. here, we determine toxr's genome-wide dna-binding profile and demonstrate that toxr is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands that encode v. cholerae's ... | 2016 | 27070545 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from iran 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. | the aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of vibrio cholerae isolated from 2012 and 2013 outbreaks in iran, with regard to their virulence properties. a total of 20 v. cholerae strains were collected from sistan-baluchestan province of iran during 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. hybridization assays showed the presence of ctx, zot, ace and rstc genes related to ctx and rs1 phages in all of the isolates. pcr assay indicated the concomitant presence of orfs within rtx (1448, 1451) and tlc ... | 2016 | 27060480 |
| three-dimensional architecture of vibrio cholera biofilms. | | 2016 | 27036000 |
| [actual problems of epidemiologic control, laboratory diagnostics and prophylaxis of cholera in russian federation]. | main problems of system of epidemiologic control for cholera active in russian federation, as well as laboratory diagnostics and vaccine prophylaxis of this especially dangerous infection, that had emerged in the contemporary period of the ongoing 7th pandemic of cholera, are discussed. features of the genome of natural strains of vibrio cholerae of el tor biovar, that possess a poten- tial epidemic threat, as well as problems, that have emerged during isolation of these strains from samples of ... | 2016 | 27029123 |
| [study of composition of plant extracts, possessing antimicrobial effect against vibrio cholerae el tor, using high-performance liquid chromatography]. | study the composition of plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. (hplc) and evaluation of their antimicrobial effect against vibrio cholerae el tor. | 2016 | 27029119 |
| [typing of vibrio cholerae non o1/non o139 strains, isolated in rostov region in 2014]. | comparative study of antibiotics resistance and vntr-typing of vibrio cholerae non o1/ non o139 strains, isolated on the territory of rostov region in 2014. | 2016 | 27029109 |
| regulation by toxr-like proteins converges on vttrb expression to control type 3 secretion system-dependent caco2-bbe cytotoxicity in vibrio cholerae. | genes carried on the type 3 secretion system (t3ss) pathogenicity island of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 serogroup strain am-19226 must be precisely regulated in order for bacteria to cause disease. previously reported results showed that both t3ss function and the presence of bile are required to cause caco2-bbe cell cytotoxicity during coculture with strain am-19226. we therefore investigated additional parameters affecting in vitro cell death, including bacterial load and the role of three ... | 2016 | 27021561 |
| microbiological quality assessment of frozen fish and fish processing materials from bangladesh. | the present study aims at the microbiological analysis of export oriented frozen fishes, namely, jew fish, tongue sole fish, cuttle fish, ribbon fish, queen fish, and fish processing water and ice from a view of public health safety and international trade. microbiological analysis includes the determination of total viable aerobic count by standard plate count method and enumeration of total coliforms and fecal coliforms by most probable number method. the presence of specific fish pathogens su ... | 2016 | 27019847 |
| in silico screening of antibacterial compounds from herbal sources against vibrio cholerae. | the prolonged use of antibiotic viz., tetracycline, quinolones, ampicillin, etc., to reduce the infection of cholera, may failed due to the emergence of new vibrio cholerae antibiotics resistant strains. moreover, these antibiotics even restricted for patient suffering from severe dehydration. hence, there is a call to find an alternative therapeutics against v. cholerae. the natures serve different herbs in its lap which might contain several natural therapeutic compounds almost all diseases. c ... | 2015 | 27013793 |
| o-specific polysaccharide-specific memory b cell responses in young children, older children, and adults infected with vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa in bangladesh. | cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 confers at least 3 to 10 years of protection against subsequent disease regardless of age, despite a relatively rapid fall in antibody levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that memory b cell responses may play an important role in protection. the v. cholerae o1-specific polysaccharide (osp) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is responsible for serogroup specificity, and it is unclear if young children are capable of developing memory b cell responses aga ... | 2016 | 27009211 |
| isolation and molecular identification of vibrio spp. by sequencing of 16s rdna from seafood, meat and meat products in libya. | the genus vibrio includes several food-borne pathogens that cause a spectrum of clinical conditions including septicemia, cholera and milder forms of gastroenteritis. several vibrio spp. are commonly associated with food-borne transmission including vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. microbiological analysis for enumeration and isolation of vibrio spp. were carried out for a total of 93 samples of seafood, meat and meat products from different geographic localities i ... | 2016 | 27004169 |
| single-dose live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr protects against human experimental infection with vibrio cholerae o1 el tor. | no licensed cholera vaccine is presently available in the united states. cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced doses. a single-dose cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render 2-dose immunization regimens impractical would be a major advance.pxvx0200, based on live attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 classical inaba vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr, elicits seroconversion of vibriocida ... | 2016 | 27001804 |
| genetic characterization of øvc8 lytic phage for vibrio cholerae o1. | epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a diarrheal disease, are attributed to vibrio cholera serogroups o1 and o139. in recent years, specific lytic phages of v. cholera have been proposed to be important factors in the cyclic occurrence of cholera in endemic areas. however, the role and potential participation of lytic phages during long interepidemic periods of cholera in non-endemic regions have not yet been described. the purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize specific lytic phag ... | 2016 | 27000701 |
| rpos is required for natural transformation of vibrio cholerae through regulation of chitinases. | vibrio species naturally reside in the aquatic environment and a major metabolite in this habitat is the chitinous exoskeletons of crustacean zooplankton. in addition to serving as a nutrient, chitin-derived oligosaccharides also induce natural genetic competence in many vibrio spp., a physiological state in which bacteria take up dna from the extracellular environment and can integrate it into their chromosome by homologous recombination. another inducing cue required for competence are quorum- ... | 2016 | 26999629 |
| draft genome sequence of an ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (onpg)-negative strain of vibrio cholerae, isolated from drakes bay, california. | we present the draft whole-genome sequence of a vibrio cholerae strain (vc25-3) isolated from drakes bay, california. this environmental isolate has an atypical morphology and is ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (onpg)-negative. | 2016 | 26988050 |
| 6-gingerol inhibits vibrio cholerae-induced proinflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells via modulation of nf-κb. | context the effect of 6-gingerol (6g), the bioactive component of zingiber officinale roscoe (zingiberaceae), in the reduction of vibrio cholerae (vibrionaceae)-induced inflammation has not yet been reported. materials and methods cell viability assay was performed to determine the working concentration of 6g. elisa and rt-pcr were performed with int 407 cells treated with 50 μm 6g and 100 multiplicity of infection (moi) v. cholerae for 0, 2, 3, 3.5, 6 and 8 h to determine the concentration of i ... | 2016 | 26987371 |
| the impact of spatial arrangements on epidemic disease dynamics and intervention strategies. | the role of spatial arrangements on the spread and management strategies of a cholera epidemic is investigated. we consider the effect of human and pathogen movement on optimal vaccination strategies. a metapopulation model is used, incorporating a susceptible-infected-recovered system of differential equations coupled with an equation modelling the concentration of vibrio cholerae in an aquatic reservoir. the model compared spatial arrangements and varying scenarios to draw conclusions on how t ... | 2016 | 26981710 |
| phylogenetic diversity of vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in mexico from 1991 to 2008. | an outbreak of cholera occurred in 1991 in mexico, where it had not been reported for more than a century and is now endemic. vibrio cholerae o1 prototype el tor and classical strains coexist with altered el tor strains (1991 to 1997). nontoxigenic (ctx(-)) v. cholerae el tor dominated toxigenic (ctx(+)) strains (2001 to 2003), but v. cholerae ctx(+) variant el tor was isolated during 2004 to 2008, outcompeting ctx(-) v. cholerae. genomes of six mexican v. cholerae o1 strains isolated during 199 ... | 2016 | 26980836 |
| construction and preclinical evaluation of mmct, a novel mutant cholera toxin adjuvant that can be efficiently produced in genetically manipulated vibrio cholerae. | there is an urgent need for new adjuvants that are effective with mucosally administered vaccines. cholera toxin (ct) is the most powerful known mucosal adjuvant but is much too toxic for human use. in an effort to develop a useful mucosal adjuvant we have generated a novel non-toxic mutant ct molecule that retains much of the adjuvant activity of native ct. this was achieved by making the enzymatically active a subunit (cta) recalcitrant to the site-specific proteolytic cleavage ("nicking") req ... | 2016 | 26973069 |
| high-resolution spatial analysis of cholera patients reported in artibonite department, haiti in 2010-2011. | cholera is caused by vibrio cholerae, and is transmitted through fecal-oral contact. infection occurs after the ingestion of the bacteria and is usually asymptomatic. in a minority of cases, it causes acute diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to potentially fatal severe dehydration, especially in the absence of appropriate medical care. immunity occurs after infection and typically lasts 6-36 months. cholera is responsible for outbreaks in many african and asian developing countries, and cause ... | 2016 | 26972509 |
| comparison of the sulfonamide inhibition profiles of the α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. | carbonic anhydrases (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide (co2) to bicarbonate (hco3(-)) and protons (h(+)). in prokaryotes, the existence of genes encoding for α-, β- and γ-classes suggests that these enzymes play an important role in the prokaryotic physiology. it has been demonstrated, in fact, that their inhibition in vivo leads to growth impairment or growth defects of the microorganism. ultimately, we started to investigate the bioc ... | 2016 | 26972117 |
| the antimicrobial activity of zno nanoparticles against vibrio cholerae: variation in response depends on biotype. | the potency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nps), with a core size of ~7-10nm, to inhibit cholera disease was investigated by demonstrating the effect on two biotypes (classical and el tor) of o1 serogroup of vibrio cholerae-el tor was more susceptible both in planktonic and in biofilm forms. interaction with zno np results in deformed cellular architecture. increased fluidity and depolarization of membrane, and protein leakage further confirmed the damages inflicted on vibrio by np. np was shown t ... | 2016 | 26970029 |
| [effect of osmotic and oxidative stress on strains of genovariants of vibrio cholerae el tor biovar]. | study the effect of osmotic and oxidative stress on survivability and changes in phenotypic and genetic properties of strains of genovariants of v. cholerae el tor biovar. | 2016 | 26950990 |
| [determination of types of epidemic manifestations of cholera in regions of the crimea federal district (republic of crimea)]. | the aim of the study was determination of the type of epidemic manifestations of cholera in the republic of crimea based on evaluation of epidemic manifestations of cholera risk of introduction and spread of the infection. it was concluded, that, based on the cholera outbreaks, that had taken place, contamination of surface water bodies (fresh and sea) and sewage by vibrio cholerae o1 ctxa+ and vibrio cholerae o1 ctxa- potential epidemic danger of introduction of the infection by various types o ... | 2016 | 26950987 |
| sentinel surveillance detects low circulation of vibrio cholerae serotype inaba in haiti, 2011-2012. | over 700,000 cases of cholera were reported in haiti between october 2010 and february 2015. in november 2011, the cuban medical team serving in haiti established a laboratory-supported sentinel surveillance system for cholera in 10 public hospitals (one in each of haiti's 10 departments), to estimate the proportion of hospitalized patients with cholera and detect emergence of new vibrio cholerae serotypes. each month, the first ten stool samples collected from patients admitted with acute water ... | 2015 | 26947158 |
| detection and quantification of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus in coastal waters of guinea-bissau (west africa). | v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus are recognized human pathogens. although several studies are available worldwide, both on environmental and clinical contexts, little is known about the ecology of these vibrios in african coastal waters. in this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints in the coastal waters of guinea-bissau were examined using the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (mpn-pcr) approach. all vibrio species were uni ... | 2016 | 26940502 |
| an in silico, in vitro and in vivo investigation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde identified from the seawater bacterium marinomonas sp. as an anti-biofilm agent against vibrio cholerae o1. | biofilm formation is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae o1 (vco1) and therefore preventing biofilm formation could be an effective alternative strategy for controlling cholera. the present study was designed to explore seawater bacteria as a source of anti-biofilm agents against vco1. indole-3-carboxaldehyde (i3c) was identified as an active principle component in marinomonas sp., which efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by vco1 without any selection pressure ... | 2016 | 26939983 |
| naturally occurring igg antibodies provide innate protection against vibrio cholerae bacteremia by recognition of the outer membrane protein u. | cholera epidemics are caused by vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139, whereas strains collectively known as non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae are found in cases of extraintestinal infections and bacteremia. the mechanisms and factors influencing the occurrence of bacteremia and survival of v. cholerae in normal human serum have remained unclear. we found that naturally occurring igg recognizing v. cholerae outer membrane protein u (ompu) mediates a serum-killing effect in a complement c1q-dependent ... | 2016 | 26934383 |
| architectural transitions in vibrio cholerae biofilms at single-cell resolution. | many bacterial species colonize surfaces and form dense 3d structures, known as biofilms, which are highly tolerant to antibiotics and constitute one of the major forms of bacterial biomass on earth. bacterial biofilms display remarkable changes during their development from initial attachment to maturity, yet the cellular architecture that gives rise to collective biofilm morphology during growth is largely unknown. here, we use high-resolution optical microscopy to image all individual cells i ... | 2016 | 26933214 |
| the transmission and antibiotic resistance variation in a multiple drug resistance clade of vibrio cholerae circulating in multiple countries in asia. | vibrio cholerae has caused massive outbreaks and even trans-continental epidemics. in 2008 and 2010, at least 3 remarkable cholera outbreaks occurred in hainan, anhui and jiangsu provinces of china. to address the possible transmissions and the relationships to the 7th pandemic strains of those 3 outbreaks, we sequenced the whole genomes of the outbreak isolates and compared with the global isolates from the 7th pandemic. the three outbreaks in this study were caused by a cluster of v. cholerae ... | 2016 | 26930352 |
| non-o1vibrio cholerae bacteremia in an infant, first case report from pakistan. | to the best of our knowledge, non-o1 vibrio cholerae (novc) bacteremia has never been documented in pakistan. this case report is the first reported case of bacteremia in an infant due to novc in pakistan. a neonate was admitted to a hospital with fever and no history of diarrhea. the isolate was identified biochemically and serologically and was sensitive to all the drugs tested as per clsi 2014 guidelines. | 2016 | 26927462 |
| us gulf-like toxigenic o1 vibrio cholerae causing sporadic cholera outbreaks in china. | cholera is potentially a life threatening disease caused by toxigenic vibrio cholerae. here we report the identification and characterisation of 76 non-7th pandemic clone o1 v. cholerae isolates including 65 clinical isolates from diarrhoeal patients from 2005 to 2014 in zhejiang province, china. | 2016 | 26920786 |
| extraintestinal infections caused by non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139. | vibrio cholerae is an aerobic, sucrose fermentative gram-negative bacterium that generally prevails in the environment. pathogenic v. cholerae is well-known as causative agent of acute diarrhea. apart from enteric infections, v. cholerae may also cause other diseases. however, their role in causing extraintestinal infections is not fully known as it needs proper identification and evaluation. four cases of extraintestinal infections due to v. cholerae non-o1/non-o139 have been investigated. the ... | 2016 | 26904017 |
| in vitro inhibition of cholera toxin production in vibrio cholerae by methanol extract of sweet fennel seeds and its components. | a newly emerged vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant strain with multidrug resistance is considered a threat to public health. recent strategies to suppress virulence factors production instead of bacterial growth may lead to less selective pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. the use of spices and their active constituents as the inhibitory agents against cholera toxin (ct) production in v. cholerae may be an alternative approach to treat cholera. in this study, we examined the potenti ... | 2016 | 26902215 |
| chemoproteomic profiling of host and pathogen enzymes active in cholera. | activity-based protein profiling (abpp) is a chemoproteomic tool for detecting active enzymes in complex biological systems. we used abpp to identify secreted bacterial and host serine hydrolases that are active in animals infected with the cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae. four v. cholerae proteases were consistently active in infected rabbits, and one, vc0157 (renamed ivap), was also active in human choleric stool. inactivation of ivap influenced the activity of other secreted v. cholerae and ... | 2016 | 26900865 |
| par-1 mediated apoptosis of breast cancer cells by v. cholerae hemagglutinin protease. | bacterial toxins have emerged as promising agents in cancer treatment strategy. hemagglutinin (hap) protease secreted by vibrio cholerae induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells and regresses tumor growth in mice model. the success of novel cancer therapies depends on their selectivity for cancer cells with limited toxicity for normal tissues. increased expression of protease activated receptor-1 (par-1) has been reported in different malignant cells. in this study we report that hap induced act ... | 2016 | 26897170 |
| the oral cholera vaccine shanchol™ when stored at elevated temperatures maintains the safety and immunogenicity profile in bangladeshi participants. | the oral cholera vaccine (ocv), shanchol™ has shown protective efficacy lasting up to 5 years, however, requirement for a cold chain limits its use in resource poor settings. the study was conducted to determine the safety and immunogenicity of shanchol in adult participants in bangladesh when stored at elevated temperatures. | 2016 | 26896684 |
| adjusting for unmeasured confounding due to either of two crossed factors with a logistic regression model. | motivated by an investigation of the effect of surface water temperature on the presence of vibrio cholerae in water samples collected from different fixed surface water monitoring sites in haiti in different months, we investigated methods to adjust for unmeasured confounding due to either of the two crossed factors site and month. in the process, we extended previous methods that adjust for unmeasured confounding due to one nesting factor (such as site, which nests the water samples from diffe ... | 2016 | 26892025 |
| identification of a vibrio cholerae chemoreceptor that senses taurine and amino acids as attractants. | vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, was found to be attracted by taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a major constituent of human bile. mlp37, the closest homolog of the previously identified amino acid chemoreceptor mlp24, was found to mediate taxis to taurine as well as l-serine, l-alanine, l-arginine, and other amino acids. methylation of mlp37 was enhanced upon the addition of taurine and amino acids. isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that a purified periplasmic ... | 2016 | 26878914 |
| oligonol promotes anti-aging pathways via modulation of sirt1-ampk-autophagy pathway. | oligonol, mainly found in lychee fruit, is an antioxidant polyphenolic compound which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. the detailed mechanisms by which oligonol may act as an anti-aging molecule have not been determined. | 2016 | 26865910 |