| a dual role for receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (rip2) kinase activity in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (nod2)-dependent autophagy. | autophagy is triggered by the intracellular bacterial sensor nod2 (nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain 2) as an anti-bacterial response. defects in autophagy have been implicated in crohn's disease susceptibility. the molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation of this process by nod2 are not well understood, with recent studies reporting conflicting requirements for rip2 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 2) in autophagy induction. we examined the requirement of nod2 signaling me ... | 2012 | 22665475 |
| comparison of btx profiles and their mutagenicity assessment at two sites of agra, india. | in the present study, the concentrations of three volatile organic compounds (vocs), namely, acronym for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (btx) were assessed because of their role in the tropospheric chemistry. two representative sites, a roadside and a petrol pump, were chosen for sample collection. vocs were collected using skc-activated charcoal tubes and skc personal sampler and characterized by gas chromatograph using flame ionization detector. among btx, benzene had the highest concentration. ... | 2012 | 22629126 |
| hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts protect infected mice against salmonella typhimurium-induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells. | the present study investigated the antibacterial effect of four extracts from the fruitbody of the edible medicinal mushroom hericium erinaceus (hot water extract, hwe; microwave/50% ethanol extract, mwe; acid extract, ace; and alkaline extract, ake) against murine salmonellosis. the extracts had no effect on salmonella ser. typhimurium growth in culture. nor were the extracts toxic to murine macrophage cells, raw 264.7. hwe and mwe stimulated uptake of the bacteria into the macrophage cells as ... | 2012 | 22624604 |
| lsrr-mediated quorum sensing controls invasiveness of salmonella typhimurium by regulating spi-1 and flagella genes. | bacterial cell-to-cell communication, termed quorum sensing (qs), controls bacterial behavior by using various signal molecules. despite the fact that the luxs/autoinducer-2 (ai-2) qs system is necessary for normal expression of salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (spi-1), the mechanism remains unknown. here, we report that the lsrr protein, a transcriptional regulator known to be involved in luxs/ai-2-mediated qs, is also associated with the regulation of spi-1-mediated salmonella virulence. we d ... | 2012 | 22623980 |
| development of mature and functional human myeloid subsets in hematopoietic stem cell-engrafted nod/scid/il2rγko mice. | although physiological development of human lymphoid subsets has become well documented in humanized mice, in vivo development of human myeloid subsets in a xenotransplantation setting has remained unevaluated. therefore, we investigated in vivo differentiation and function of human myeloid subsets in nod/scid/il2rγ(null) (nsg) mouse recipients transplanted with purified lineage(-)cd34(+)cd38(-) cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. at 4-6 mo posttransplantation, we identified the development of ... | 2012 | 22611244 |
| vaccination of pigs reduces salmonella typhimurium numbers in a model mimicking pre-slaughter stress. | in pigs, infection with salmonella typhimurium often results in the development of carriers that re-excrete the organism during periods of stress. previous studies have shown that cortisol plays a significant role in the recrudescence of salmonella typhimurium and that re-excretion can be induced by injections of dexamethasone. this study evaluated whether a commercially available salmonella typhimurium vaccine was able to reduce salmonella excretion in a model mimicking pre-slaughter stress. pi ... | 2012 | 22609152 |
| biochemical property and in vivo efficacies of novel val/arg-rich antimicrobial peptide. | a novel α-helical antimicrobial peptide g6 rich in val/arg residues has been screened previously. in this study, we further evaluated the biochemical stability, interaction with whole bacteria, and in vivo therapeutic or prophylactic role of the peptide in salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. the results showed that g6 exhibited strong resistance to ph, heat, and salts. but g6 lost the antimicrobial activity when treated with proteolytic enzymes. g6 had no toxicity on mammalian cell. an intrape ... | 2012 | 22587781 |
| structural and mutational studies on substrate specificity and catalysis of salmonella typhimurium d-cysteine desulfhydrase. | salmonella typhimurium dcyd (stdcyd) is a fold type ii pyridoxal 5' phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of d-cys to h(2)s and pyruvate. it also efficiently degrades β-chloro-d-alanine (βcda). d-ser is a poor substrate while the enzyme is inactive with respect to l-ser and 1-amino-1-carboxy cyclopropane (acc). here, we report the x-ray crystal structures of stdcyd and of crystals obtained in the presence of d-cys, βcda, acc, d-ser, l-ser, d-cycloserine (dcs) and l-cycl ... | 2012 | 22574144 |
| development of fecal microbial enzyme mix for mutagenicity assay of natural products. | orally administered herbal glycosides are metabolized to their hydrophobic compounds by intestinal microflora in the intestine of animals and human, not liver enzymes, and absorbed from the intestine to the blood. of these metabolites, some, such as quercetin and kaempherol, are mutagenic. the fecal bacterial enzyme fraction (fecalase) of human or animals has been used for measuring the mutagenicity of dietary glycosides. however, the fecalase activity between individuals is significantly differ ... | 2012 | 22573163 |
| mutagenicity of flavonoids assayed by bacterial reverse mutation (ames) test. | the mutagenicity of ten flavonoids was assayed by the ames test, in <em>salmonella typhimurium</em> strains ta98, ta100 and ta102, with the aim of establishing hydroxylation pattern-mutagenicity relationship profiles. the compounds assessed were: quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, fisetin, chrysin, galangin, flavone, 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 7-hydroxyflavone. in the ames assay, quercetin acted directly and its mutagenicity increased with metabolic activation. in the presence of s9 mi ... | 2012 | 22565478 |
| towards understanding gene expression in multispecies biofilms containing salmonella typhimurium. | | 2012 | 22558752 |
| brucella invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells elicits a weak proinflammatory response but a significant ccl20 secretion. | in spite of the frequent acquisition of brucella infection by the oral route in humans, the interaction of the bacterium with cells of the intestinal mucosa has been poorly studied. here, we show that different brucella species can invade human colonic epithelial cell lines (caco-2 and ht-29), in which only smooth species can replicate efficiently. infection with smooth strains did not produce a significant cytotoxicity, while the rough strain rb51 was more cytotoxic. infection of caco-2 cells o ... | 2012 | 22553918 |
| loop residues and catalysis in omp synthase. | residue-to-alanine mutations and a two-amino acid deletion have been made in the highly conserved catalytic loop (residues 100-109) of salmonella typhimurium omp synthase (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, ec 2.4.2.10). as described previously, the k103a mutant enzyme exhibited a 10(4)-fold decrease in k(cat)/k(m) for prpp; the k100a enzyme suffered a 50-fold decrease. alanine mutations at his105 and glu107 produced 40- and 7-fold decreases in k(cat)/k(m), respectively, and e101a, d104a, and g1 ... | 2012 | 22531099 |
| plants as alternative hosts for salmonella. | recent findings show that many human pathogenic bacteria can use multiple host organisms. for example, salmonella typhimurium can use plants as alternative hosts to humans and other animals. these bacteria are able to adhere to plant surfaces and actively infect the interior of plants. similarly to the infection of animal cells, s. typhimurium suppresses plant defense responses by a type iii secretion mechanism, indicating that these bacteria possess a dedicated multi-kingdom infection strategy, ... | 2012 | 22513107 |
| effects of c60 on the salmonella typhimurium ta100 transcriptome expression: insights into c60 -mediated growth inhibition and mutagenicity. | rapid advances are being made in the creation and use of nanomaterials, but little is known about the impact these materials might have on key microbial functions if introduced into the environment. previous studies have generated conflicting results with respect to the impact of fullerenes on microbial activity. in the present study, salmonella typhimurium ta100 was selected as a model microbial system with which to investigate further the impact of c(60) aggregates on microbial growth, mutagen ... | 2012 | 22511527 |
| proteomic analysis of porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes after salmonella typhimurium infection. | in this study we employed for the first time an in vivo approach coupled to dige-based proteomics to explore the response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) to salmonella typhimurium infection. mln samples were collected from four control and twelve infected pigs (at 1, 2 and 6 days post infection) for histological analysis, protein and rna purification. afterwards, expressed proteins were screened by differential in gel analysis and data were analyzed by bioinformatic tools to generate int ... | 2012 | 22507201 |
| therapeutic antitumor potential of endoglin-based dna vaccine combined with immunomodulatory agents. | therapy targeting tumor blood vessels ought to inhibit tumor growth. however, tumors become refractory to antiangiogenic drugs. therefore, therapeutic solutions should be sought to address cellular resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. in this regard, reversal of the proangiogenic and immunosuppressive phenotype of cancer cells, and the shift of the tumor microenvironment towards more antiangiogenic and immune-stimulating phenotype may hold some promise. in our study, we sought to validate the e ... | 2013 | 22495576 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium on eggshells by using wireless biosensors. | this article presents rapid, sensitive, direct detection of salmonella typhimurium on eggshells by using wireless magnetoelastic (me) biosensors. the biosensor consists of a freestanding, strip-shaped me resonator as the signal transducer and the e2 phage as the biomolecular recognition element that selectively binds with salmonella typhimurium. this me biosensor is a type of mass-sensitive biosensor that can be wirelessly actuated into mechanical resonance by an externally applied timevarying m ... | 2012 | 22488049 |
| contributions of flumequine and nitroarenes to the genotoxicity of river and ground waters. | the sos/umuc assay was performed in conjunction with analytical measurements to identify potential genotoxins in river and adjacent ground waters in the jialu river basin, china. the major genotoxic activities of the river and adjacent ground waters occurred in the same two fractions (f4 and f11) when assayed using the salmonella typhimurium strain ta1535/psk1002. this indicates that ground water near the jialu river was influenced by the river water. lc-ms/ms analysis indicated that flumequine ... | 2012 | 22483724 |
| the preclinical discovery of bacterial therapy for the treatment of metastatic cancer with unique advantages. | the potential of bacteria as therapeutics for cancer has a long history, dating at least as far back as the early 19(th) century. bacteria have a large genome that can be manipulated in order to target and eradicate tumors. many types of bacteria have been shown to target tumors but most are obligate anaerobes whose growth is confined to the necrotic parts of tumors, thereby limiting their efficacy. salmonella, on the other hand, are facultative aerobes that can grow aerobically or anaerobically ... | 2012 | 22468895 |
| non-crosslinking gold nanoprobes for detection of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification products. | lack of an appropriate detection method for isothermal rna amplification technique, known as nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba), is considered as a major defect for its vast applications. in that regard, novel detection methods as fast, specific, and sensitive as the gold nanoprobe detection technique are highly demanded and non-crosslinking gold nanoprobes are regarded as the ideal choice. in this study, we attempted to integrate these two techniques (rna amplification and nanopr ... | 2012 | 22449495 |
| t-2 toxin induced salmonella typhimurium intoxication results in decreased salmonella numbers in the cecum contents of pigs, despite marked effects on salmonella-host cell interactions. | the mycotoxin t-2 toxin and salmonella typhimurium infections pose a significant threat to human and animal health. interactions between both agents may result in a different outcome of the infection. therefore, the aim of the presented study was to investigate the effects of low and relevant concentrations of t-2 toxin on the course of a salmonella typhimurium infection in pigs. we showed that the presence of 15 and 83 μg t-2 toxin per kg feed significantly decreased the amount of salmonella ty ... | 2012 | 22440148 |
| detection of viable salmonella in lettuce by propidium monoazide real-time pcr. | contamination of lettuce by salmonella has caused serious public health problems. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) allows rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in food, but it is inaccurate as it might amplify dna from dead target cells as well. this study aimed to investigate the stability of dna of dead salmonella cells in lettuce and to develop an approach to detecting viable salmonella in lettuce. salmonella-free lettuce was inoculated with heat-killed salmonella typhimurium cells and stored ... | 2011 | 22417362 |
| in vitro genotoxicity of neutral red after photo-activation and metabolic activation in the ames test, the micronucleus test and the comet assay. | neutral red (nr) is relatively non-toxic and is widely used as indicator dye in many biological test systems. it absorbs visible light and is known to act as a photosensitizer, involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (type-i reaction) and singlet oxygen (type-ii reaction). the mutagenicity of nr was determined in the ames test (with salmonella typhimurium strains ta1535, ta97, ta98, ta98nr, ta100, and ta102) with and without metabolic activation, and with and without photo-activation ... | 2012 | 22414563 |
| role of gly117 in the cation/melibiose symport of melb of salmonella typhimurium. | the melibiose permease of salmonella typhimurium (melb(st)) catalyzes symport of melibiose with na(+), li(+), or h(+), and bioinformatics analysis indicates that a conserved gly117 (helix iv) is part of the na(+)-binding site. we mutated gly117 to ala, pro, trp, or arg; the effects on melibiose transport and binding of cosubstrates depended on the physical-chemical properties of the side chain. compared with wt melb(st), the gly117 → ala mutant exhibited little difference in either cosubstrate b ... | 2012 | 22413840 |
| lack of effect of feeding citrus by-products in reducing salmonella in experimentally infected weanling pigs. | the objective of the current research was to determine if feeding the citrus by-products(d) -limonene (dl) and citrus molasses would reduce the concentration and prevalence of salmonella in weanling pigs experimentally infected with salmonella typhimurium. twenty crossbred weanling pigs (average body weight [bw], 19.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: control, low-dose dl (1.5 ml/kg of bw per day), high-dose dl (3.0 ml/kg of bw per day), and citrus molasses (0.05 kg/kg of bw ... | 2012 | 22410233 |
| salmonella typhimurium infections in balb/c mice: a comparison of tissue bioluminescence, tissue cultures and mice clinical scores. | in response to systemic infection, mice usually present specific behaviors such as reduced activity and feeding, ruffled fur, hunched position, ataxia and tremor. we aimed to compare tissue bioluminescence, tissue cultures and clinical scores of balb/c mice as potentially complementary outcome measures of salmonella disease progression in balb/c mice. the clinical status of the mice was assessed by visual examination for motility, ruffled fur, hunched position, feeding, ataxia and tremor. patter ... | 2012 | 22378553 |
| comparative studies of the (anti) mutagenicity of baccharis dracunculifolia and artepillin c by the bacterial reverse mutation test. | baccharis dracunculifolia is a plant native from brazil, commonly known as 'alecrim-do-campo' and 'vassoura' and used in alternative medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers. previous studies reported that artepillin c (artc, 3-{4-hydroxy-3,5-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl}-2(e)-propenoic acid), is the main compound of interest in the leaves. this study was undertaken to assess the mutagenic effect of the ethyl acetate extract of b. dracunculifolia leaves (b ... | 2012 | 22367028 |
| influence of lactate and acetate salt adaptation on salmonella typhimurium acid and heat resistance. | the aim of the present study was to determine the survival of salmonella typhimurium adapted with sodium lactate (nal), potassium lactate/sodium acetate mixture (kl/naa) or sodium acetate (naa) in simulated gastric fluid (sgf) and during heat treatment. nal-, kl/naa- and naa-adapted cells were prepared by incubating in tryptic soy broth (tsb) containing these salts at 5, 5 and 3% (w/v) concentration levels, respectively, for 24 h at 37 °c. the baranyi model was used to compare the growth kinetic ... | 2012 | 22365359 |
| tail morphology controls dna release in two salmonella phages with one lipopolysaccharide receptor recognition system. | bacteriophages use specific tail proteins to recognize host cells. it is still not understood to molecular detail how the signal is transmitted over the tail to initiate infection. we have analysed in vitro dna ejection in long-tailed siphovirus 9na and short-tailed podovirus p22 upon incubation with salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps). we showed for the first time that lps alone was sufficient to elicit dna release from a siphovirus in vitro. crystal structure analysis revealed that ... | 2012 | 22364412 |
| enhanced antibacterial effect of ceftriaxone sodium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against intracellular salmonella typhimurium. | the aim of the present study was to utilize chitosan (cs) nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of the poorly cell-penetrating antibiotic, ceftriaxone sodium (ctx). in vitro characterization of (ctx-cs) nanoparticles was conducted leading to an optimized formula that was assessed for its biocompatibility to blood (hemolysis test) and cells (mtt assay). progressively, confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm), cellular uptake (microfluorimetry), and antibacterial activity of the nanopartic ... | 2012 | 22359159 |
| the nitrite transport protein nirc from salmonella typhimurium is a nitrite/proton antiporter. | in anaerobically grown bacteria, transport of nitrite is catalyzed by an integral membrane protein of the form ate-nitrite transporter family, nirc, which in salmonella typhimurium plays a critical role in intracellular virulence. we present a functional characterization of the s. typhimurium nitrite transporter stmnirc in native membrane vesicles as well as purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. using an electrophysiological technique based on solid supported membranes, we show nitrit ... | 2012 | 22349433 |
| a novel adjuvant, mixture of alum and the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol, elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses for heat-killed salmonella typhimurium vaccine. | to determine the efficacy of the mixture of propranolol (prp), a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and alum, as a new adjuvant, in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity in response to heat-killed salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) (hkst) as a model vaccine. | 2012 | 22342704 |
| identification of human and murine sulfotransferases able to activate hydroxylated metabolites of methyleugenol to mutagens in salmonella typhimurium and detection of associated dna adducts using uplc-ms/ms methods. | methyleugenol, a secondary metabolite present in many herbal spices, is carcinogenic in various tissues of mice and rats but negative in standard in vitro mutagenicity tests. several observations indicate that hydroxylation followed by sulfation is an important activation pathway in the carcinogenicity and dna adduct formation by methyleugenol and other alkenylbenzenes in animal models. however, sulfation is not taken into account in standard in vitro tests. therefore, we have studied whether ex ... | 2012 | 22337896 |
| flexible use of qsar models in predictive toxicology: a case study on aromatic amines. | over the last years, predictive toxicology approaches based on structure-activity relationships have emerged as fundamental tools in the regulatory assessments of chemicals, especially in those programs where regulatory constraints and assessment schemes limit the amount of data available from experimental test methods. both the qualitative (e.g., structural alerts) and the quantitative (quantitative structure-activity relationships, qsar) approach can play important roles. however, the two appr ... | 2012 | 22329023 |
| enhancement of anti-murine colon cancer immunity by fusion of a sars fragment to a low-immunogenic carcinoembryonic antigen. | it is widely understood that tumor cells express tumor-associated antigens (taas), of which many are usually in low immunogenicity; for example, carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) is specifically expressed on human colon cancer cells and is viewed as a low-immunogenic taa. how to activate host immunity against specific taas and to suppress tumor growth therefore becomes important in cancer therapy development. | 2012 | 22304896 |
| the mutagenic, dna-damaging and antioxidative properties of bark and leaf extracts from coutarea hexandra (jacq.) k. schum. | coutarea hexandra is a species commonly known in brazil as quina, and its bark is used in folk medicine. in this study, we assess the mutagenic and dna-damaging effects of ethanol extracts from c. hexandra stem bark (sch) and leaves (lch) by employing the ames test on the ta98 and ta100 strains of salmonella typhimurium in addition to a plasmid treatment test. furthermore, we performed a phytochemical analysis by tlc and hplc, a quantification of the phenolic constituents and an assessment of th ... | 2012 | 22285960 |
| an in vivo proteomic study of the interaction between salmonella typhimurium and porcine ileum mucosa. | the enteropathogen salmonella typhimurium is one of the main causes of porcine and human enterocolitis. we have used a 2-de, maldi-tof/tof-based approach to characterize in vivo proteome changes in porcine ileum mucosa after pathogen interaction. ileum samples from non-infected and orally infected animals were collected at 2 days post infection and s. typhimurium presence was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. fifty one proteins, involved in immune response (acute phase response, inflammation an ... | 2012 | 22285631 |
| inhibition and eradication of human glioma with tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium in an orthotopic nude-mouse model. | malignant glioma tumors are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. despite the multidisciplinary approach to treatment, prognosis remains poor. in this study, we demonstrated that the salmonella typhimurium a1-r tumor-targeting strain can inhibit and eradicate human glioma in an orthotopic nude-mouse model. s. typhimurium a1-r was administered by injection through a craniotomy open-window or intravenously in nude mice. to establish the model, 2x10(5) u87-rfp human glioma cells we ... | 2012 | 22274398 |
| second monomer binding is the rate-limiting step in the formation of the dimeric phop-dna complex. | phop, the response regulator of the phop/phoq system, regulates mg(2+) homeostasis in salmonella typhimurium. dimerization of phop on the dna is necessary for its regulatory function, and phop regulates the expression of genes in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. higher phop concentrations, however, can activate phop and substitute for phosphorylation-dependent gene regulation. activation of phop by phosphorylation is explained by self-assembly of phosphorylated phop (phop-p) in solution and b ... | 2012 | 22268791 |
| sub-lethal levels of carvacrol reduce salmonella typhimurium motility and invasion of porcine epithelial cells. | the european ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors has increased the search for new alternatives to prevent pig intestinal microbial diseases and to stimulate growth. the addition of essential oils or components thereof, such as carvacrol, to pig feed is a promising alternative. in this report we determined the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of carvacrol on salmonella typhimurium. at concentrations where growth of salmonella was not inhibited, carvacrol completely inhibited motility ... | 2012 | 22264386 |
| unperturbing a non-helically perturbed bacterial flagellar filament: salmonella typhimurium sjw23. | salmonella typhimurium sjw23 has a right-handed, non-helically perturbed filament of serotype gt with a unique surface pattern. non-helical perturbations involve symmetry reduction along the five-start helical lines resulting in layer lines of fractional bessel orders and a consequent seam. the flagellin gene, flic(23), which we sequenced, differs from the sequence of the canonic, plain sjw1655 flagellin, flic(1655). we modified discrete components of flic(23) in order to localize, in the expres ... | 2012 | 22248588 |
| fatty acid modulation of autoinducer (ai-2) influenced growth and macrophage invasion by salmonella typhimurium. | autoinducer-2 (ai-2) is a small molecule that is involved in bacterial cell-to-cell signaling whose precursor formation is mediated by luxs. a luxs mutant of salmonella typhimurium pj002 (δluxs) was grown in glucose-containing m-9 minimal medium supplemented with varying concentrations (1×, 10×, and 100×) of long-chain fatty acids (linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) to study the influence of fatty acids on growth rate and macrophage invasion. additionally, in vitro synth ... | 2012 | 22217010 |
| cloning, sequencing and in silico analysis of omp c of salmonella typhimurium. | salmonella typhimurium is an important pathogen having a broad host range. in human population it causes mostly gastroenteritis but there are reports in which it was found to be responsible to cause several lethal diseases like endocarditis and meningitis. poultry products are the major sources of this organism in india as these are consumed at various stages of cooking. the available vaccines have their own limitations such as short-term immunity. outer membrane proteins have shown some promisi ... | 2012 | 23762587 |
| a comparative qualitative study of the profile of volatile organic compounds associated with salmonella contamination of packaged aged and fresh beef by hs-spme/gc-ms. | vacuum packaged beef strip-loins (fresh and aged) were repackaged on polystyrene trays and over-wrapped with food grade cling film for the storage study. several volatile compounds such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetic acid and a few hydrocarbons were detected in the headspace of these tray packaged fresh and aged beef strip loins both in the control and salmonella typhimurium inoculated samples, in varying concentrations. these compounds were iden ... | 2011 | 23572711 |
| gp96 rich lysate as a vaccine candidate against infection with salmonella typhimurium. | glycoprotein 96 is the primary chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum. immunization with it induced potent cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to intracellular bacteria. s. typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium and acquired resistance against this bacterium mainly depends on activity of cytotoxic t cells. this study aimed to evaluate the capacity of glycoprotein 96 rich lysate as a vaccine candidate to induce a protective immune response in mice against a lethal dose challenge with s ... | 2010 | 22347568 |
| antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of methanol extracts of sweetpotato (ipomea batata) leaves. | the present study was conducted to investigate the antimutagenic potential of the methanolic extract from the leaves of sweet potato (ipomea batatas, ib) with the sos chromotest (umu test) and salmonella typhimurium ta 98 and ta 100. the anticarcinogenic effects were also studied by calculation of the ic50 on human cancer cell lines and investigating the function of gap junction in rat liver epithelial cells. the ib extract inhibited dose-dependently the β-galactosidase activity induced spontane ... | 2010 | 24278503 |
| the emerging fusarium toxin enniatin b: in-vitro studies on its genotoxic potential and cytotoxicity in v79 cells in relation to other mycotoxins. | the fusarium metabolite enniatin b is now recognized as a frequent contaminant of grains used for human foods and animal feeds. yet, so far very limited data are available on its toxicity and that of other emerging fusarium mycotoxins (jestoi m, 2008, crit rev food sci nutr 48:21-49). thus, the mutagenic/genotoxic potential of enniatin b was investigated in a battery of short-term tests, and its cytotoxicity compared with that of several other mycotoxins. no mutagenicity was detected in the ames ... | 2009 | 23604931 |
| evaluation of comparative and combined antimutagenic potential of vitamin c and vitamin e using histidine mutant salmonella typhimurium strains. | chemoprevention represents a new intervention strategy to control some type of carcinogenesis especially in subjects at high risk for cancer development. experimental and epidemiological data indicate that a variety of nutritional factors including vitamin c and e are effective to lower the risk of some types of cancer. however large prospective studies have failed to find such significant association. a comparative and combined in vitro antimutagenic potential of two antioxidant vitamins ascorb ... | 2008 | 23105714 |
| real-time, label-free, all-electrical detection of salmonella typhimurium using lead zirconate titanate/gold-coated glass cantilevers at any relative humidity. | we have examined non-insulated pzt/gold-coated glass cantilevers for real-time, label-free detection of salmonella t. by partial dipping at any relative humidity. the pzt/gold-coated glass cantilevers were consisted of a 0.127 mm thick pzt layer about 0.8 mm long, 2 mm wide bonded to a 0.15 mm thick gold-coated glass layer with a 3.0 mm long gold-coated glass tip for detection. we showed that by placing the water level at the nodal point, about 0.8 mm from the free end of the gold-glass tip, the ... | 2007 | 22872784 |
| photochemical reaction of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) and formation of dna covalent adducts. | dmba, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, is a widely studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has long been recognized as a probable human carcinogen. it has been found that dmba is phototoxic in bacteria as well as in animal or human cells and photomutagenic in salmonella typhimurium strain ta102. this article tempts to explain the photochemistry and photomutagenicity mechanism. light irradiation converts dmba into several photoproducts including benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione, 7-hydroxy-12-keto ... | 2005 | 24187532 |
| observations on the distribution of salmonella in a pig abattoir. | a survey of 2211 pigs was carried out in a pig abattoir. salmonella was isolated from 7-0 per cent of carcase swabs and from 11.6 per cent of 2205 samples of large intestinal contents. salmonella typhimurium dt104 or dt104b was found in 3.2 per cent of the large intestinal samples (27.7 per cent of the salmonella isolates found) and in 2.7 per cent of the carcase swabs (38.7 per cent of the salmonella isolates from carcases). within individual batches of pigs, the rate of isolation of salmonella ... | 1999 | 25705769 |
| epidemiological study of enteropathogenic carrier state among food handlers of armed forces eating establishments. | a cross-sectional epidemiological study was undertaken on a randomly selected sample of 308 food handlers working in different eating establishments of indian armed forces in pune. these included 101 service personnel and 207 civilians. stool samples were analysed for enteropathogens and epidemiological assessment of gastrointestinal disease occurrence in the military units of these food handlers was undertaken. the study revealed that 4 of the subjects were carriers of salmonella typhimurium, t ... | 1999 | 28775561 |
| suppression of the sos-inducing activity of trp-p-1 and aflatoxin b1 by meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid from machilus thunbergii in the salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 umu test. | the methanol extract from machilus thunbergii showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the sos response in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 against the mutagen, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. the methanol extract from m. thunbergii was successively re-extracted with chloroform, butanol and water. a suppressive compound in the chloroform extract fraction was isolated by sio2 column chromatography and identified a ... | 1998 | 27397003 |
| investigation of genotoxic effects of the anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory drugs apocynin and acetosyringenin in the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay and the sce-test with human lymphocytes. | we examined the possible genotoxicity of the recently isolated or developed anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory substances apocynin (cas 498-02-2) and acetosyringenin (cas 2478-38-8) using short term test systems. apocynin is a constituent of picrorhiza kurroa, a plant from the himalaya region. acetosyringenin is its methoxylated synthetic derivative. the test systems used were the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (ames test) with the tester strains ta 97, ta 98, ta 100, and ta 102, an ... | 1995 | 23196022 |
| a simple method for the extraction of mutagens from airborne particles. | organic materials were extracted with acetone from filters of airborne particles by soaking, shaking, soxhletion, and sonication. these extracts were tested with and without s9 for mutagenicity using ames assay and arabinose-resistant assay of salmonella typhimurium. among the extraction methods, soaking extract had the highest mutagenic activity followed by sonication, shaking, and soxhletion in both the assays. with the samples studied, it was concluded that soaking with acetone for 1/2 hr is ... | 1985 | 24258105 |
| mutagenicity of 3'-methyl-n,n-dimethyl-4-amino azobenzene metabolites and related compounds. | to elucidate the mechanism of metabolic activation of 3'-methyl-n,n-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-me-dab), the mutagenicity of its metabolites and some related azo compounds towards salmonella typhimurium ta-98 and ta-100 was investigated. mutagenicity of the metabolites, either n-demethylated or oxidized at the 3'-methyl group, was expressed only in the presence of a 9000 g supernatant of rat liver homogenate (s-9 mix). of these metabolites, 3'-hydroxymethyl-aminoazo compounds showed potent mu ... | 1980 | 22282990 |
| separation of initiating and promoting effects of the skin carcinogen 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene. | dibenz(a,c)anthracene and 7-bromomethylbenz(a)-anthracene are hydrocarbons with comparable tumor initiating potencies, although they differ about 100-fold in the amount of hydrocarbon bound to mouse skin dna. we have found that they are comparably mutagenic in salmonella typhimurium strain ta 100, but that 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene is additionally mutagenic in strains ta 1538 and ta 98. the bromo-compound is also a powerful promoter of tumors initiated in mouse skin with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a ... | 1980 | 22282986 |