| rama, which controls expression of the mdr efflux pump acrab-tolc, is regulated by the lon protease. | rama regulates the acrab-tolc multidrug efflux system. using salmonella typhimurium, we investigated the stability of rama and its impact on antibiotic resistance. | 2014 | 24169580 |
| isozyme-specific ligands for o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, a novel antibiotic target. | the last step of cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants is catalyzed by o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase. in bacteria, two isozymes, o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-a and o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-b, have been identified that share similar binding sites, although the respective specific functions are still debated. o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase plays a key role in the adaptation of bacteria to the host environment, in the defense mechanisms to oxidative stress and in antibiotic resistance. beca ... | 2013 | 24167577 |
| investigating river pollution flowing into dianchi lake using a combination of gc-ms analysis and toxicological tests. | due to the presence of various harmful compounds in polluted water, toxicological tests should be combined to evaluate whether a body of water is polluted. the water quality of four rivers flowing into dianchi lake, which is well known for its heavy and lasting pollution, was investigated in this study using a combination of gc-ms analysis and cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. gc-ms analysis showed that the rivers investigated contained a variety of chemicals and suggested that severe water p ... | 2014 | 24162646 |
| salmonella typhimurium mediated delivery of apoptin in human laryngeal cancer. | an effective cancer therapeutic should target tumours specifically with limited systemic toxicity. here, we transformed an attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) with an apoptin expressing plasmid into a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line. the expression of the inserted gene was measured using fluorescence and immunoblotting assays. the attenuated s. typhimurium-mediated apoptin significantly decreased cytotoxicity and strongly increased cell apoptosis through the activation of casp ... | 2013 | 24155656 |
| biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in salmonella typhimurium are affected by different ribonucleases. | biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are important determinants for bacterial pathogenicity. ribonucleases control rna degradation and there is increasing evidence that they have an important role in virulence mechanisms. in this report, we show that ribonucleases affect susceptibility against ribosome-targeting antibiotics and biofilm formation in salmonella. | 2014 | 24150497 |
| genotoxic evaluation of aspirin eugenol ester using the ames test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. | aspirin eugenol ester (aee) is a promising drug candidate for treatment of inflammation, pain and fever and prevention of cardiovascular diseases with less side effects and it is important to characterize its genotoxicity. in this study, the genotoxicity of aee was assessed with two standard genotoxicity assays of the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (ames test) and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. in the ames test, salmonella strains ta97, ta98, ta100, ta102 and ta1535 were tr ... | 2013 | 24140966 |
| cd90(+) stromal cells are non-professional innate immune effectors of the human colonic mucosa. | immune responses at the intestinal mucosa must allow for host protection whilst simultaneously avoiding inappropriate inflammation. although much work has focused on the innate immune functionality of hematopoietic immune cells, non-hematopoietic cell populations - including epithelial and stromal cells - are now recognized as playing a key role in innate defense at this site. in this study we examined the innate immune capacity of primary human intestinal stromal cells (iscs). cd90(+) iscs isol ... | 2013 | 24137162 |
| the eal-like protein stm1697 regulates virulence phenotypes, motility and biofilm formation in salmonella typhimurium. | the ubiquitous second messenger c-di-gmp regulates the switching of bacterial lifestyles from motility to sessility and acute to chronic virulence to adjust bacterial fitness to altered environmental conditions. conventionally, eal proteins being c-di-gmp phosphodiesterases promote motility and acute virulence phenotypes such as invasion into epithelial cells and inhibit biofilm formation. we report here that in contradiction, the eal-like protein stm1697 of salmonella typhimurium suppresses mot ... | 2013 | 24127899 |
| caffeine and other methylxanthines as interceptors of food-borne aromatic mutagens: inhibition of trp-p-1 and trp-p-2 mutagenic activity. | caffeine is one of the most important biologically active food components. in this article, we demonstrate that caffeine and other methylxanthines significantly reduce the mutagenic activity of two food-derived heterocyclic aromatic amines, trp-p-1 and trp-p-2 in the salmonella typhimurium ta98 strain. moreover, protection against trp-p-1-induced mutagenicity was independent of liver s9 enzymatic fraction, suggesting that mechanisms other than modulation of mutagen bioactivation can contribute t ... | 2013 | 24102551 |
| salmonella modulation of host cell gene expression promotes its intracellular growth. | salmonella typhimurium has evolved a complex functional interface with its host cell largely determined by two type iii secretion systems (t3ss), which through the delivery of bacterial effector proteins modulate a variety of cellular processes. we show here that salmonella typhimurium infection of epithelial cells results in a profound transcriptional reprogramming that changes over time. this response is triggered by salmonella t3ss effector proteins, which stimulate unique signal transduction ... | 2013 | 24098123 |
| rapid immuno-analytical system physically integrated with lens-free cmos image sensor for food-borne pathogens. | to realize an inexpensive, pocket-sized immunosensor system, a rapid test devise based on cross-flow immuno-chromatography was physically combined with a lens-free cmos image sensor (cis), which was then applied to the detection of the food-borne pathogen, salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium). two ciss, each retaining 1.3 mega pixel array, were mounted on a printed circuit board to fabricate a disposable sensing module, being connectable with a signal detection system. for the bacterial analy ... | 2014 | 24090753 |
| antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities of an ethanolic extract of lafoensia pacari (lythraceae) stem bark in bacteria and mice. | lafoensia pacari (lythraceae), popularly known in brazil as "pacari", is a small tree native to the cerrado that is used in folk medicine to treat cancer and as an anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing agent. we evaluated the genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities of an ethanol extract of l. pacari stem bark (eesb) using the ames test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. in the ames test, eesb did not significantly increase the number of his(+) revertants in salmon ... | 2013 | 24085450 |
| understanding the sequential activation of type iii and type vi secretion systems in salmonella typhimurium using boolean modeling. | three pathogenicity islands, viz. spi-1 (salmonella pathogenicity island 1), spi-2 (salmonella pathogenicity island 2) and t6ss (type vi secretion system), present in the genome of salmonella typhimurium have been implicated in the virulence of the pathogen. while the regulation of spi-1 and spi-2 (both encoding components of the type iii secretion system - t3ss) are well understood, t6ss regulation is comparatively less studied. interestingly, inter-connections among the regulatory elements of ... | 2013 | 24079299 |
| real-time and sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium using an automated quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) instrument with nanoparticles amplification. | the accidental contamination of salmonella in raw and processed foods is a major problem for the food industry worldwide. at present many of the currently used methods for salmonella detection are time and labour intensive. therefore, rapid detection is a key to the prevention and identification of problems related to health and safety. this paper describes the application of a new quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) instrument with a microfluidic system for the rapid and real time detection of sa ... | 2013 | 24054660 |
| identification of potent inhibitors for salmonella typhimurium quorum sensing via virtual screening and pharmacophore modeling. | the quorum sensing (qs) enhanced transcriptional regulator sdia of s. typhimurium is the best known and potential target and responds to a broad range of ahls and ahl analogs. on the other hand, in many gram-negative bacteria including s. typhimurium, brominated furanones were reported to have inhibitory activity against the qs phenotypes. motivated by both, we designed an in silico group of halogenated ahls by substituting halogen compounds (br, cl, f and i) on the lactone ring of ahls and anal ... | 2013 | 24050691 |
| use of quantitative microbial risk assessment when investigating foodborne illness outbreaks: the example of a monophasic salmonella typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- outbreak implicating beef burgers. | a major community outbreak of salmonellosis occurred in france in october 2010. classical epidemiological investigations led to the identification of beef burgers as the cause of the outbreak and the presence of the emerging monophasic salmonella typhimurium 4,5,12:i:-. the objective of this study was to understand the events that led to this large outbreak, that is to say, what are the contributing factors associated with consumer exposure to salmonella. to this end, intensive microbiological i ... | 2013 | 24036262 |
| distinguishable epidemics of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104 in different hosts. | the global epidemic of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104 provides an important example, both in terms of the agent and its resistance, of a widely disseminated zoonotic pathogen. here, with an unprecedented national collection of isolates collected contemporaneously from humans and animals and including a sample of internationally derived isolates, we have used whole-genome sequencing to dissect the phylogenetic associations of the bacterium and its antimicrobial resistance genes ... | 2013 | 24030491 |
| entropic origin of cobalt-carbon bond cleavage catalysis in adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase. | adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes accelerate the cleavage of the cobalt-carbon (co-c) bond of the bound coenzyme by >10(10)-fold. the cleavage-generated 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical initiates the catalytic cycle by abstracting a hydrogen atom from substrate. kinetic coupling of the co-c bond cleavage and hydrogen-atom-transfer steps at ambient temperatures has interfered with past experimental attempts to directly address the factors that govern co-c bond cleavage catalysis. here, we use time-reso ... | 2013 | 24028405 |
| a novel role for antibiotic resistance plasmids in facilitating salmonella adaptation to non-host environments. | it is believed that the main role of plasmids that encode multiple antibiotic resistance is to confer their hosts the ability to survive in the presence of antimicrobial compounds. in the pathogenic bacterium salmonella, plasmids of the incompatibility group hi1 account for a significant proportion of antibiotic resistance phenotypes. in this work, we show that plasmid r27 has a strong impact on the global transcriptome of salmonella typhimurium strain sl1344 when cells grow at low temperature a ... | 2014 | 24024872 |
| antimutagenic potential and modulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes by ginger essential oil. | essential oil extracted from ginger (geo) was evaluated for its mutagenicity to salmonella typhimurium ta 98, ta 100, ta 102, and ta 1535 strains with and without microsomal activation. geo was found to be non-mutagenic up to a concentration of 3 mg/plate. it was also assessed for antimutagenic potential against direct acting mutagens such as sodium azide, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, tobacco extract, and 2-acetamidoflourene, which needs microsomal activation ... | 2014 | 24023002 |
| is there any association between imidapril hydrochloride stability profile under dry air conditions and cancer initiation? | stability study for imidapril hydrochloride (imd) was performed under stress conditions of increased temperature (t=373 k) and decreased relative air humidity (rh=0%) in order to obtain and identify its degradation product. the degradation sample stored for 15 days under the above environmental conditions was analyzed by lc-ms technique and it was found that the only degradation impurity formed in the course of the investigated drug degradation was imd diketopiperazine derivative (dkp) which was ... | 2013 | 24021249 |
| cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, pro-oxidant, and non-genotoxic activities of a novel copper(ii) complex against human cervical cancer. | cisplatin remains one of the most effective current chemotherapeutic agents; however, metal complexes synthesis has increased in order to produce new anti-neoplastic drugs with dna binding and apoptotic activities in tumor cells and less toxicity for patients. in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of a novel copper(ii) complex (lqm402) against cervical cancer cell lines and found that lqm402 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against hela and ca ski cells. fitc-annexin assay and dna f ... | 2013 | 24012731 |
| resistant mechanism study of benzalkonium chloride selected salmonella typhimurium mutants. | benzalkonium chloride is one of the invaluable biocides that is extensively used in healthcare settings as well as in the food processing industry. after exposing wild-type salmonella typhimurium 14028s or its acrab inactivation mutant to gradually increasing levels of benzalkonium chloride, resistance mutants s-41, s-150, s-ab-23, s-ab-38, and s-ab-73 were selected and these mutants also showed a 2-64-fold stable minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) increase to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ... | 2014 | 23987991 |
| gim3e: condition-specific models of cellular metabolism developed from metabolomics and expression data. | genome-scale metabolic models have been used extensively to investigate alterations in cellular metabolism. the accuracy of these models to represent cellular metabolism in specific conditions has been improved by constraining the model with omics data sources. however, few practical methods for integrating metabolomics data with other omics data sources into genome-scale models of metabolism have been developed. | 2013 | 23975765 |
| comparison of efficacy of salmonella typhimurium a1-r and chemotherapy on stem-like and non-stem human pancreatic cancer cells. | the xpa1 human pancreatic cancer cell line is dimorphic, with spindle stem-like cells and round non-stem cells. we report here the in vitro ic 50 values of stem-like and non-stem xpa1 human pancreatic cells cells for: (1) 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), (2) cisplatinum (cddp), (3) gemcitabine (gem), and (4) tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r). ic 50 values of stem-like xpa1 cells were significantly higher than those of non-stem xpa1 cells for 5-fu (p = 0.007) and cddp (p = 0.012). in contr ... | 2013 | 23966167 |
| iron oxide/gold core/shell nanomagnetic probes and cds biolabels for amplified electrochemical immunosensing of salmonella typhimurium. | there is an imminent need for rapid methods to detect and determine pathogenic bacteria in food products as alternatives to the laborious and time-consuming culture procedures. in this work, an electrochemical immunoassay using iron/gold core/shell nanoparticles (fe@au) conjugated with anti-salmonella antibodies was developed. the chemical synthesis and functionalization of magnetic and gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles is reported. fe@au nanoparticles were functionalized with different self-as ... | 2014 | 23962706 |
| enlarging head size as the only presentation of salmonella typhimurium brain abscess in an infant: a short report. | the authors describe a 5-month-old male harbouring a giant salmonella typhimurium cerebral abscess who presented with progressively enlarging head size, without any features of septicemia. the report details the radiological findings, differential diagnoses and management problems regarding the index case. | 2014 | 23957776 |
| human milk hyaluronan enhances innate defense of the intestinal epithelium. | breast-feeding is associated with enhanced protection from gastrointestinal disease in infants, mediated in part by an array of bioactive glycan components in milk that act through molecular mechanisms to inhibit enteric pathogen infection. human milk contains hyaluronan (ha), a glycosaminoglycan polymer found in virtually all mammalian tissues. we have shown that synthetic ha of a specific size range promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelium. we hypothesize that hya ... | 2013 | 23950179 |
| cytosolic flagellin-induced lysosomal pathway regulates inflammasome-dependent and -independent macrophage responses. | naip5/nlrc4 (neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 5/nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family, caspase activation recruitment domain domain-containing 4) inflammasome activation by cytosolic flagellin results in caspase-1-mediated processing and secretion of il-1β/il-18 and pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway. here, we found that although nlrc4, asc, and caspase-1 are required for il-1β secretion in response to cytosolic flagellin, cell death, nevertheless, occurs in the ... | 2013 | 23942123 |
| genomic comparison of salmonella typhimurium dt104 with non-dt104 strains. | dt104 emerged as a new branch of salmonella typhimurium with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. to reveal some general genomic features of dt104 for clues of evolutionary events possibly associated with the emergence of this relatively new type of this pathogen, we mapped 11 independent dt104 strains and compared them with non-dt104 s. typhimurium strains. we found that all 11 dt104 strains contained three insertions absent in non-dt104 strains, i.e., the previously reported st104, st104b an ... | 2013 | 23933962 |
| identification of key amino acid residues in the catalytic mechanism of diaminopropionate ammonialyase from salmonella typhimurium. | diaminopropionate ammonialyase (dapal), a fold-type ii pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the α,β-elimination of diaminopropionate (dap) to pyruvate and ammonia. dapal was able to utilize both d- and l-dap as substrates with almost equal efficiency. mutational analysis of functionally important residues such as thr385, asp125 and asp194 was carried out to understand the mechanism by which the isomers are hydrolyzed. further, the putative residues involved in the formation of disu ... | 2013 | 23927374 |
| engineering of bacteria for the visualization of targeted delivery of a cytolytic anticancer agent. | a number of recent reports have demonstrated that attenuated salmonella typhimurium are capable of targeting both primary and metastatic tumors. the use of bacteria as a vehicle for the delivery of anticancer drugs requires a mechanism that precisely regulates and visualizes gene expression to ensure the appropriate timing and location of drug production. to integrate these functions into bacteria, we used a repressor-regulated tetracycline efflux system, in which the expression of a therapeutic ... | 2013 | 23922014 |
| understanding the role of cleaning in the control of salmonella typhimurium in grower-finisher pigs: a modelling approach. | salmonella typhimurium (stm) infection in pigs represents a considerable food safety concern. this study used mathematical modelling to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning (faeces removal) as a measure to control stm spread among grower-finisher pigs. a modified susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (sirs) model of stm transmission through a contaminated environment was developed. infected pigs were divided into three states according to the pathogen level being shed in their faeces. inf ... | 2014 | 23920341 |
| peroxide-shunt substrate-specificity for the salmonella typhimurium o2-dependent trna modifying monooxygenase (miae). | post-transcriptional modifications of trna are made to structurally diversify trna. these modifications alter noncovalent interactions within the ribosomal machinery, resulting in phenotypic changes related to cell metabolism, growth, and virulence. miae is a carboxylate bridged, nonheme diiron monooxygenase, which catalyzes the o2-dependent hydroxylation of a hypermodified-trna nucleoside at position 37 (2-methylthio-n(6)-isopentenyl-adenosine(37)-trna) [designated ms(2)i(6)a37]. in this work, ... | 2013 | 23906247 |
| highly selective bioactivation of 1- and 2-hydroxy-3-methylcholanthrene to mutagens by individual human and other mammalian sulphotransferases expressed in salmonella typhimurium. | the benzylic alcohols 1- and 2-hydroxy-3-methylcholanthrene (oh-mc) are major primary metabolites of the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (mc). we investigated them for mutagenicity in ta1538-derived salmonella typhimurium strains expressing mammalian sulphotransferases (sults). 1-oh-mc was efficiently activated by human (h) sult1b1 (2400 revertants/nmol), weakly activated by hsult1c3 and hsult2a1 (2-9 revertants/nmol), but not activated by the other hsults studied (1a2, 1a3, 1c2 and 1e1). mouse, ... | 2013 | 23894158 |
| signs of deferasirox genotoxicity. | iron overload is a major health problem for patients who have to have continuous blood transfusions. it brings some metabolic problems together. various iron chelating agents are being used for treatment of hemochromatosis which arises from excess iron accumulation. this study was conducted with the aim of determining whether deferasirox used as an iron chelator in patients with hemochromatosis has genotoxic effects. commercial form of deferasirox, exjade was used as test material. test material ... | 2014 | 23887830 |
| a surface-scanning coil detector for real-time, in-situ detection of bacteria on fresh food surfaces. | proof-in-principle of a new surface-scanning coil detector has been demonstrated. this new coil detector excites and measures the resonant frequency of free-standing magnetoelastic (me) biosensors that may now be placed outside the coil boundaries. with this coil design, the biosensors are no longer required to be placed inside the coil before frequency measurement. hence, this new coil enables bacterial pathogens to be detected on fresh food surfaces in real-time and in-situ. the new coil measu ... | 2013 | 23876542 |
| function of flhb, a membrane protein implicated in the bacterial flagellar type iii secretion system. | the membrane protein flhb is a highly conserved component of the flagellar secretion system, and it plays an active role in the regulation of protein export. in this study conserved properties of flhb that are important for its function were investigated. replacing the flhb gene (or part of the gene) in salmonella typhimurium with the flhb gene of the distantly related bacterium aquifex aeolicus greatly reduces motility. however, motility can be restored to some extent by spontaneous mutations i ... | 2013 | 23874605 |
| a label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on aunps/pamam-mwcnt-chi nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for detection of salmonella typhimurium in milk. | a sensitive and stable label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the detection of salmonella typhimurium was developed by immobilising anti-salmonella antibodies onto the gold nanoparticles and poly(amidoamine)-multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode (aunps/pamam-mwcnt-chi/gce). electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) and cyclic voltammetry (cv) were used to verify the stepwise assembly of the immunosensor. co-addition of mwcnt, ... | 2013 | 23870918 |
| antioxidant capacity and antimutagenic potential of murraya koenigii. | it is well known that the intake of antioxidants with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and medicinal herbs contributes towards reduced risk of certain diseases including cancers. this study aims to evaluate the broad-spectrum antioxidant and antimutagenic activities as well as to elucidate phytochemical profile of an indian medicinal plant murraya koenigii (curry) leaves. leaves of the plant were successively fractionated in various organic solvents. benzene fraction demonstrated t ... | 2013 | 23853769 |
| effects of microwave (2.45 ghz) irradiation on some biological characters of salmonella typhimurium. | the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of sub-lethal doses of microwave radiation on some biological characteristics in salmonella typhimurium. the aim was to show the relationship between this treatment and the development of radiotolerance in this pathogen because there is a need for more information on physiological responses of pathogens to sub-lethal doses of microwave radiation. so, the bacterial strain was treated with a dose of 3600j (40-s exposure with power p=90 w) t ... | 2013 | 23849722 |
| identification of target transcripts regulated by small rna ryhb homologs in salmonella: ryhb-2 regulates motility phenotype. | salmonella encodes numerous small rnas that play important roles in the cellular regulatory network. recently we have shown that two ryhb homologs of salmonella typhimurium, ryhb-1 and ryhb-2, have distinct sets of overlapping targets. in this study, we used microarrays for comprehensive identification of the target genes regulated by these srnas. microarray analysis was conducted with cdnas generated from total rnas of three mutants (δryhb-1, δryhb-2, and δryhb-1δryhb-2) and wild type s. typhim ... | 2013 | 23831078 |
| antioxidant, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of an aqueous extract of limoniastrum guyonianum gall. | an aqueous extract of limoniastrum guyonianum gall (g extract) was tested on salmonella typhimurium to assess its mutagenic and antimutagenic effects. this extract showed no mutagenicity when tested with s. typhimurium strain ta104 either with or without exogenous metabolic activation mixture (s9), whereas our findings revealed that the aqueous gall extract induced a mutagenic effect in s. typhimurium ta1538 when tested in the presence, as well as in the absence, of s9 activation mixture at the ... | 2014 | 23829167 |
| salmonella and cancer: from pathogens to therapeutics. | bacterial cancer therapy is a concept more than 100 years old - yet, all things considered, it is still in early development. while the use of many passive therapeutics is hindered by the complexity of tumor biology, bacteria offer unique features that can overcome these limitations. microbial metabolism, motility and sensitivity can lead to site-specific treatment, highly focused on the tumor and safe to other tissues. activation of tumor-specific immunity is another important mechanism of such ... | 2013 | 23828775 |
| iron and citrate export by a major facilitator superfamily pump regulates metabolism and stress resistance in salmonella typhimurium. | the efficacy of antibiotics and host defenses has been linked to the metabolic and redox states of bacteria. in this study we report that a stress-induced export pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily effluxes citrate and iron from the enteric pathogen salmonella typhimurium to arrest growth and ameliorate the effects of antibiotics, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. the transporter, formerly known as mdtd, is now designated icet (iron citrate efflux transporter). iron efflux via ... | 2013 | 23821749 |
| mutagenicity and dna damage of bisphenol a and its structural analogues in hepg2 cells. | environmental oestrogen bisphenol a (bpa) and its analogues are widespread in our living environment. because their production and use are increasing, exposure of humans to bisphenols is becoming a significant issue. we evaluated the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of eight bpa structural analogues (bpf, bpaf, bpz, bps, dmbpa, dmbps, bp-1, and bp-2) using the ames and comet assay, respectively. none of the tested bisphenols showed a mutagenic effect in salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and t ... | 2013 | 23819927 |
| cobinamide production of hydrogen in a homogeneous aqueous photochemical system, and assembly and photoreduction in a (βα)8 protein. | components of a protein-integrated, earth-abundant metal macrocycle catalyst, with the purpose of h2 production from aqueous protons under green conditions, are characterized. the cobalt-corrin complex, cobinamide, is demonstrated to produce h2 (4.4 ± 1.8 × 10(-3) turnover number per hour) in a homogeneous, photosensitizer/sacrificial electron donor system in pure water at neutral ph. turnover is proposed to be limited by the relatively low population of the gateway cobalt(iii) hydride species. ... | 2013 | 23807763 |
| genotoxicity of quinocetone, cyadox and olaquindox in vitro and in vivo. | quinocetone (qct) and cyadox (cya) are important derivative of heterocyclic n-oxide quinoxaline (qdno), used actively as antimicrobial feed additives in china. here, we tested and compared the genotoxic potential of qct and cya with olaquindox (ola) in ames test, hgprt gene mutation (hgm) test in v79 cells, unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) assay in human peripheral lymphocytes, chromosome aberration (ca) test, and micronucleus (mn) test in mice bone marrow. ola was found genotoxic in all 5 assays ... | 2013 | 23774262 |
| intestinal epithelial autophagy is essential for host defense against invasive bacteria. | the mammalian intestine is colonized with a diverse community of bacteria that perform many beneficial functions but can threaten host health upon tissue invasion. epithelial cell-intrinsic innate immune responses are essential to limit the invasion of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria and maintain beneficial host-bacterial relationships; however, little is known about the role of various cellular processes, notably autophagy, in controlling bacterial interactions with the intestinal epithe ... | 2013 | 23768496 |
| [intestinal perforation caused by salmonella typhimurium]. | in most patients, infection with a non-typhoid salmonella species usually results in self-limiting gastroenteritis. severe complications such as bacteraemia and extra-abdominal infections are most often attributed to typhoid subspecies like s. typhi and s. paratyphi. in this article, we present the case of a healthy patient with non-typhoid salmonellosis who nevertheless developed severe complications. | 2013 | 23759181 |
| antimutagenic activity and in vitro anticancer effects of bamboo salt on hepg2 human hepatoma cells. | bamboo salt is a traditional korean baked solar salt processed by packing the solar salt in bamboo joint cases and heating it several times to high temperatures. the antimutagenic activity and in vitro anticancer effects of bamboo salt on hepg2 human hepatoma cells were investigated and compared to those of other salt samples. although solar salt and purified salt exhibited comutagenicity with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) in the salmonella typhimurium ta100 strain, bamboo salt was ... | 2013 | 23758148 |
| invasive african salmonella typhimurium induces bactericidal antibodies against o-antigens. | nontyphoidal salmonella are a major and emerging cause of fatal invasive disease in africa, and are genetically distinct from those found elsewhere in the world. understanding the targets of protective immunity to these african salmonellae is key to vaccine development. we immunized mice and rabbits with heat-inactivated wild-type african invasive salmonella typhimurium d23580 and rough mutants lacking o-antigen. wild-type salmonella, unlike rough bacteria, induced a large bactericidal antibody ... | 2013 | 23756206 |
| mechanistic features of salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (tdcd): insights from kinetic and crystallographic studies. | short-chain fatty acids (scfas) play a major role in carbon cycle and can be utilized as a source of carbon and energy by bacteria. salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (sttdcd) catalyzes reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate of atp to propionate during l-threonine degradation to propionate. kinetic analysis revealed that sttdcd possesses broad ligand specificity and could be activated by various scfas (propionate>acetate≈butyrate), nucleotides (atp≈gtp>ctp≈ttp; datp>dgtp>dctp) and metal io ... | 2013 | 23747922 |
| a novel microfluidic co-culture system for investigation of bacterial cancer targeting. | although bacterial cancer targeting in animal models has been previously demonstrated and suggested as a possible therapeutic tool, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cancer specificity would be required prior to clinical applications. to visualize bacterial preference for cancer cells over normal cells and to elucidate the cancer-targeting mechanism, a simple microfluidic platform has been developed for in vitro studies. this platform allows simultaneous cultures of mult ... | 2013 | 23743709 |
| evaluation of protection conferred by a salmonella typhimurium inactivated vaccine in salmonella-infected finishing pig farms. | the efficacy of an inactivated s. typhimurium vaccine administered to pigs at the beginning of the fattening period was evaluated in four clinical trials (trials a, b, c and d). faecal shedding and the systemic antibody response during fattening, as well as, the cecal contents and mesenteric lymph nodes collected after slaughtering were used to assess the outcome. salmonella shedders prevalence in the control groups was six times higher than in the treated groups in trials a and d, both herds in ... | 2013 | 23743295 |
| antimutagenic properties of affinin isolated from heliopsis longipes extract. | heliopsis longipes (a. gray) blake (asteraceae), commonly known in mexico as "chilcuage" or "chilcuan", is widely used as an analgesic and anesthetic agent. affinin, the major metabolite of this plant, and the ethanol extract of the plant have shown antinociceptive properties in mice. h. longipes plant produces a complex mixture of antioxidant chlorophylls and polyamines as well as a number of possible antimutagens. | 2013 | 23738801 |
| salmonella engineered to express cd20-targeting antibodies and a drug-converting enzyme can eradicate human lymphomas. | escape from immune detection favors both tumor survival and progression, and new approaches to circumvent this are essential to combat cancers. nonvirulent, tumor-tropic bacteria, such as salmonella typhimurium, can unmask a tumor by transforming it into a site of inflammation; however, the nonspecific invasiveness of salmonella leads to off-target effects diluting its therapeutic efficacy and making its use in human patients inherently risky. here, we demonstrate that salmonella tumor specifici ... | 2013 | 23736700 |
| the eal domain containing protein stm2215 (rtn) is needed during salmonella infection and has cyclic di-gmp phosphodiesterase activity. | salmonella typhimurium gene stm2215 (rtn) is conserved among many enterobacteriaceae. mutants lacking stm2215 poorly colonized the liver and spleen in intraperitoneal infection of mice and poorly colonized the intestine and deeper tissues in oral infection. these phenotypes were complemented by a wild-type copy of stm2215 provided in trans. stm2215 deletion mutants grew normally in j774a.1 murine macrophages but were unable to invade caco-2 colonic epithelial cells. consistent with this finding, ... | 2013 | 23734719 |
| top-down proteomics reveals a unique protein s-thiolation switch in salmonella typhimurium in response to infection-like conditions. | characterization of the mature protein complement in cells is crucial for a better understanding of cellular processes on a systems-wide scale. toward this end, we used single-dimension ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the comprehensive "intact" proteome of the gram-negative bacterial pathogen salmonella typhimurium. top-down proteomics analysis revealed 563 unique proteins including 1,665 proteoforms generated by posttranslational modifications (ptms), ... | 2013 | 23720318 |
| toxicological evaluation of euterpe edulis: a potential superfruit to be considered. | superfruits have a high nutritional value due to their richness in nutrients, antioxidants, proven or potential health benefits and taste appeal. however, there are no scientific criteria for defining which fruits are superfruits. in brazil, several palms have an edible palm heart, the best known and most widely appreciated of which is called acai (euterpe oleracea). euterpe edulis mart., commonly called jussara, is an evergreen species that grows in the rainforest. having initially been consume ... | 2013 | 23712094 |
| therapeutic dna vaccination and rna interference in inflammatory bowel disease. | angiogenesis plays a significant role in numerous diseases. recently, dysbalanced angiogenesis was found to be a component of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic strategy that alleviates the inflammation and clinical outcomes of ibd. bacteria act as vectors for the delivery of therapeutic sequences, a process that is particularly suitable in ibd, due to the natural occurrence of bacteria in gut. the main focus of the pres ... | 2013 | 23708293 |
| fitness costs of synonymous mutations in the rpst gene can be compensated by restoring mrna base pairing. | we previously reported that the distribution of fitness effects for non-synonymous and synonymous mutations in salmonella typhimurium ribosomal proteins s20 and l1 are similar, suggesting that fitness constraints are present at the level of mrna. here we explore the hypothesis that synonymous mutations confer their fitness-reducing effect by alterating the secondary structure of the mrna. to this end, we constructed a set of synonymous substitutions in the rpst gene, encoding ribosomal protein s ... | 2013 | 23691039 |
| a robust sensor platform for label-free detection of anti-salmonella antibodies using undiluted animal sera. | we present a portable and easy-to-use biosensor platform, allowing for label-free detection of diagnostic markers in undiluted animal serum. exemplarily, this is shown for the detection of anti-salmonella antibodies. 1-lambda-reflectometry was used as detection method, making the new biosensor platform portable, cheap, and robust. as recognition elements, lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from salmonella typhimurium bacteria were immobilized as sensitive layer on the transducer to carry out serological ... | 2013 | 23685961 |
| evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of salmonella typhimurium in pigs. | despite current control measures, salmonella in pigs remains a major public health concern. in this in vivo study, the effect of three intervention strategies on salmonella typhimurium transmission in pigs was evaluated. the first intervention was feed supplemented with coated calcium-butyrate (group a); the second comprised oral vaccination with a double-attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain (group b), and the third was acidification of drinking water with a mixture of organic acids (group c ... | 2013 | 23680264 |
| lymphoproliferative response to the 30-kda protein and a crude lysate from salmonella typhimurium in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. | to determine the lymphoproliferative response to the 30-kda protein (p30) of salmonella typhimurium in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (as). | 2013 | 23675956 |
| induction of seroconversion and persistence of salmonella typhimurium in pigs are strain dependent. | foodborne salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide. salmonella typhimurium is the serovar most frequently isolated from persistently infected slaughter pigs in europe. salmonella typhimurium pathogenesis is host species specific. in addition, differences in in vitro behaviour of salmonella typhimurium strains have also been described, which may be reflected by a different course of infection within a host species. we compared the course of a salmonella typ ... | 2013 | 23669459 |
| effect of wine-based marinades on the behavior of salmonella typhimurium and background flora in beef fillets. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the wine-based marinades to control the survival of acid-adapted and non-adapted salmonella typhimurium and background flora of fresh beef stored aerobically or under modified atmosphere. beef slices were inoculated with a 3-strain cocktail of acid-adapted or non-adapted salmonella typhimurium strains dt 193, 4/74 and dsm 554 and marinated by immersion in wine (w) or wine supplemented with 0.3% thyme essential oil (weo), for 12h at 4°c. marinated slices were ... | 2013 | 23669095 |
| biotransformation of (+)-fenchone by salmonella typhimurium oy1002/2a6 expressing human cyp2a6 and nadph-p450 reductase. | in this study, biotransformation of (+)-fenchone (compound 1) by salmonella typhimurium oy1002/2a6 expressing human cyp2a6 and nadph-p450 reductase yielded two oxidized metabolites, namely, (+)-(1s,6r)-6-endo-hydroxyfenchone (compound 2) and (+)-(1s,6s)-6-exo-hydroxyfenchone (compound 3). the conversion rate of compound 1 to compound 2 and 3 was 2.4% and 5.2%, respectively. this is the first study that succeeded in metabolizing compound 1 to obtain large amounts of metabolite 2 and 3 by using s. ... | 2013 | 23648403 |
| quantitative insights into actin rearrangements and bacterial target site selection from salmonella typhimurium infection of micropatterned cells. | reorganization of the host cell actin cytoskeleton is crucial during pathogen invasion. we established micropatterned cells as a standardized infection model for cell invasion to quantitatively study actin rearrangements triggered by salmonella typhimurium (s. tm). micropatterns of extracellular matrix proteins force cells to adopt a reproducible shape avoiding strong cell-to-cell variations, a major limitation in classical cell culture conditions. s. tm induced f-actin-rich ruffles and invaded ... | 2013 | 23648178 |
| salmonella typhimurium a1-r tumor targeting in immunocompetent mice is enhanced by a traditional chinese medicine herbal mixture. | we have developed a bacterial cancer therapy strategy using the genetically-engineered strain salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r). a1-r is auxotrophic for leu and arg which attenuates bacterial growth in normal tissue but allows high tumor virulence. a1-r is effective against metastatic human and murine cancer cell lines in clinically-relevant nude-mouse models. however, a1-r treatment of tumors in immunocompetent mouse models with high doses is limited by toxicity. the current study evaluated a ... | 2013 | 23645728 |
| innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are effectively induced in ileal peyer's patches of salmonella typhimurium infected pigs. | in this report we employed laser-capture microdissection (lcm) coupled to qpcr technology and bioinformatic analysis to characterize, for the first time, the response of peyer's patches (pp) from orally infected animals to salmonella typhimurium, in a model of non-typhoidal salmonellosis. pathogen was highly found in the cytoplasm of phagocytes in pp and differential gene expression analysis indicated an up-regulation of proinflammatory molecules, establishment of a th1 driven response and trigg ... | 2013 | 23644015 |
| effects of buffered vinegar and sodium dodecyl sulfate plus levulinic acid on salmonella typhimurium survival, shelf-life, and sensory characteristics of ground beef patties. | the inclusion of two sources of buffered vinegar and sodium dodecyl sulfate plus levulinic acid were studied as interventions for salmonella typhimurium and for their effect on shelf-life and sensory characteristics of ground beef. for the salmonella challenge, beef trimmings (80/20) were inoculated then treated with 2% (w/v) liquid buffered vinegar (lvin), 2.5% (w/w) powdered buffered vinegar (pvin), a solution containing 1.0% levulinic acid plus 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sdla) at 10% (w/v), ... | 2013 | 23639886 |
| inhibition of a type iii secretion system by the deletion of a short loop in one of its membrane proteins. | the membrane protein flhb is a highly conserved component of the flagellar secretion system. it is composed of an n-terminal transmembrane domain and a c-terminal cytoplasmic domain (flhbc). here, the crystal structures of flhbc from salmonella typhimurium and aquifex aeolicus are described at 2.45 and 2.55 å resolution, respectively. these flagellar flhbc structures are similar to those of paralogues from the needle type iii secretion system, with the major difference being in a linker that con ... | 2013 | 23633590 |
| the effects of stainless steel finish on salmonella typhimurium attachment, biofilm formation and sensitivity to chlorine. | bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on stainless steel (ss) surfaces can be sources for cross contamination in food processing facilities, possessing a great threat to public health and food quality. here the aim was to demonstrate the influence of surface finish of aisi 316 ss on colonization, biofilm formation and susceptibility of salmonella typhimurium to disinfection. initial attachment of s. typhimurium on surfaces of ss was four times lower, when surface was polished by bright-al ... | 2013 | 23628616 |
| determination of the physiological 2:2 tlr5:flagellin activation stoichiometry revealed by the activity of a fusion receptor. | toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) recognizes flagellin of most flagellated bacteria, enabling activation of the myd88-dependent signaling pathway. the recently published crystal structure of a truncated zebrafish tlr5 ectodomain in complex with an inactive flagellin fragment indicated binding of two flagellin molecules to a tlr5 homodimer, however this complex did not dimerize in solution. in the present study, we aimed to determine the physiological stoichiometry of tlr5:flagellin activation by the u ... | 2013 | 23624387 |
| salmonella typhimurium lacking the znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. | meat contamination by salmonella spp. is emerging as a major cause of human enteric infections in industrialized countries. the attempts to reduce human cases of salmonellosis encompass pre- and post-harvest interventions. in this context, vaccination of pigs may represent an effective instrument in eliminating/reducing salmonella burden through the food chain. we have previously demonstrated that salmonella typhimurium lacking the znuabc transporter (s. typhimurium δznuabc) is a promising candi ... | 2013 | 23623860 |
| zebrafish as a model organism to study host-pathogen interactions. | zebrafish have been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to study vertebrate development but it is only recently that it has also been adopted into varied fields such as immunology and host-pathogen interactions. zebrafish have a rapid life cycle, small size and the adults exhibit no territorial behavior in relatively dense cages. under standard conditions each female lays an average of a hundred eggs per clutch, providing a large number of larvae per week. their transparency durin ... | 2013 | 23619567 |
| myd88 adaptor-like (mal) functions in the epithelial barrier and contributes to intestinal integrity via protein kinase c. | myd88 adapter-like (mal)-deficient mice displayed increased susceptibility to oral but not intraperitoneal infection with salmonella typhimurium. bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that mice with mal-deficient non-hematopoietic cells were more susceptible to infection, indicating a role for mal in non-myeloid cells. we observed perturbed barrier function in mal(-/-) mice, as indicated by reduced electrical resistance and increased mucosa blood permeability following infection. altered expression ... | 2014 | 23612054 |
| investigation and management of an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium dt8 associated with duck eggs, ireland 2009 to 2011. | salmonella typhimurium dt8 was a very rare cause of human illness in ireland between 2000 and 2008, with only four human isolates from three patients being identified. over a 19-month period between august 2009 and february 2011, 34 confirmed cases and one probable case of salmonella typhimurium dt8 were detected, all of which had an mlva pattern 2-10-na-12-212 or a closely related pattern. the epidemiological investigations strongly supported a linkbetween illness and exposure to duck eggs. mor ... | 2013 | 23611032 |
| tlr activation excludes circulating naive cd8+ t cells from gut-associated lymphoid organs in mice. | the trafficking of effector t cells is tightly regulated by the expression of site-specific sets of homing molecules. in contrast, naive t cells are generally assumed to express a uniform pattern of homing molecules and to follow a random distribution within the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. in this study, we demonstrate that systemic infection fundamentally modifies the trafficking of circulating naive cd8(+) t cells. we show that on naive cd8(+) t cells, the constitutive expression of t ... | 2013 | 23589622 |
| small rna-mediated activation of sugar phosphatase mrna regulates glucose homeostasis. | glucose homeostasis is strictly controlled in all domains of life. bacteria that are unable to balance intracellular sugar levels and deal with potentially toxic phosphosugars cease growth and risk being outcompeted. here, we identify the conserved haloacid dehalogenase (had)-like enzyme yigl as the previously hypothesized phosphatase for detoxification of phosphosugars and reveal that its synthesis is activated by an hfq-dependent small rna in salmonella typhimurium. we show that the glucose-6- ... | 2013 | 23582330 |
| alginic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles loaded with legumain dna vaccine: effect against breast cancer in mice. | legumain-based dna vaccines have potential to protect against breast cancer. however, the lack of a safe and efficient oral delivery system restricts its clinical application. here, we constructed alginic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles (a.c.nps) as an oral delivery carrier for a legumain dna vaccine. first, we tested its characteristic in acidic environments in vitro. dna agarose electrophoresis data show that a.c.nps protected dna better from degradation in acidic solution (ph 1.5) than did ... | 2013 | 23577091 |
| localization of viable salmonella typhimurium internalized through the surface of green onion during preharvest. | internalization of pathogens poses a tremendous health risk in the consumption of raw fresh produce, because conventional washing cannot remove pathogens effectively after internalization occurs. we investigated (i) the pattern of salmonella internalization in different parts of green onions when it was contaminated on their surfaces, and (ii) whether environmental factors (extreme weather) affect the extent of salmonell a internalization. green onions were surface contaminated with three differ ... | 2013 | 23575116 |
| inhibitory effects of water extract of flos inulae on mutation and tyrosinase. | in this study, the effects of a water extract of flos inulae (wfi) on antioxidant, antimutation and antityrosinase were investigated. the results showed that wfi inhibited the mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-aa), an indirect mutagen; and 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4-nqo), a direct mutagen toward salmonella typhimurium ta 98 and ta 100. in addition, wfi, in the range of 0.2-0.6 mg/ml, showed radical scavenging, reducing activities and chelating activity as well as decreased lipid oxidative da ... | 2013 | 23561204 |
| croton lechleri müll. arg. (euphorbiaceae) stem bark essential oil as possible mutagen-protective food ingredient against heterocyclic amines from cooked food. | the amazonian croton lechleri stem bark essential oil was tested for its anti-mutagenic potential by performing the ames test against heterocyclic amines (hcas), in continuing research on applicative functional profile of this phytocomplex as food ingredient (rossi et al., 2011). salmonella typhimurium strain ta98 was used with and without metabolic activation (s9 mix). the anti-mutagenic properties was assayed with the following hcas: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (iq), 2-amino-3,4-d ... | 2013 | 23561129 |
| evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of arrabidaea chica verlot (bignoneaceae), an amazon plant with medicinal properties. | arrabidaea chica verlot (bignoniaceae) is an important folk medicine plant native to the amazon region and used to treat anemia, hemorrhage, inflammation, intestinal colic, hepatitis, and skin affections. although studies showed its therapeutic properties, little knowledge regarding genotoxic properties of this plant is available. the aim of this study was to determine the potential mutagenic and genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of an a. chica chloroformic fraction (ac-cf) obtained from leaves co ... | 2013 | 23557236 |
| [gene therapy for tongue carcinoma mediated by oral administration of attenuated salmonella harboring tip30 and ifn-γ genes in nude mouse model]. | to observe the effect of gene therapy mediated by oral administration of attenuated salmonella carrying tip30 and ifn-γ genes in human tongue carcinoma nude mouse model. | 2013 | 23552775 |
| an rna degradation machine sculpted by ro autoantigen and noncoding rna. | many bacteria contain an ortholog of the ro autoantigen, a ring-shaped protein that binds noncoding rnas (ncrnas) called y rnas. in the only studied bacterium, deinococcus radiodurans, the ro ortholog rsr functions in heat-stress-induced ribosomal rna (rrna) maturation and starvation-induced rrna decay. however, the mechanism by which this conserved protein and its associated ncrnas act has been obscure. we report that rsr and the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase) form an rna ... | 2013 | 23540697 |
| economic and health impacts associated with a salmonella typhimurium drinking water outbreak-alamosa, co, 2008. | in 2008, a large salmonella outbreak caused by contamination of the municipal drinking water supply occurred in alamosa, colorado. the objectives of this assessment were to determine the full economic costs associated with the outbreak and the long-term health impacts on the community of alamosa. we conducted a postal survey of city of alamosa (2008 population: 8,746) households and businesses, and conducted in-depth interviews with local, state, and nongovernmental agencies, and city of alamosa ... | 2013 | 23526942 |
| integrating multiple analytical platforms and chemometrics for comprehensive metabolic profiling: application to meat spoilage detection. | untargeted metabolic profiling has become a common approach to attempt to understand biological systems. however, due to the large chemical diversity in the metabolites it is generally necessary to employ multiple analytical platforms so as to encompass a wide range of metabolites. thus it is beneficial to find chemometrics approaches which can effectively integrate data generated from multiple platforms and ideally combine the strength of each platform and overcome their inherent weaknesses; mo ... | 2013 | 23512189 |
| metabolite profiling of polyphenols in a terminalia chebula retzius ayurvedic decoction and evaluation of its chemopreventive activity. | the decoction of terminalia chebula fruit is an ayurvedic remedy whose prolonged oral administration is prized as a generic intestinal and hepatic detoxifying agent. its administration is suggested also under the perspective of a reduced risk of cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. | 2013 | 23506992 |
| sensitive detection of food-borne pathogen salmonella by modified pan fibers-immunoassay. | sensitive and rapid detection of salmonella is a key to the prevention and identification of problems associated with human health and safety. enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are popular and widely implemented technique to detect pathogenic bacteria in routine analysis but a typical elisa yields a sensitivity of 10(6)-10(7)cfu/ml. the present study consecrates on the applicability of surface modified polyacrylonitrile (pan) fibers as a novel matrix of immunoassay for the detection of ... | 2013 | 23500375 |
| systematic safety evaluation on photoluminescent carbon dots. | photoluminescent carbon dots (c-dots) were prepared using the improved nitric acid oxidation method. the c-dots were characterized by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, and uv-vis absorption spectroscopy. the c-dots were subjected to systematic safety evaluation via acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, and genotoxicity experiments (including mouse bone marrow micronuclear test and salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity test). the results showed that the c-dots were successfully prepared with good ... | 2013 | 23497260 |
| expression of a novel p22 orfan gene reveals the phage carrier state in salmonella typhimurium. | we discovered a novel interaction between phage p22 and its host salmonella typhimurium lt2 that is characterized by a phage mediated and targeted derepression of the host dgo operon. upon further investigation, this interaction was found to be instigated by an orfan gene (designated pid for phage p22 encoded instigator of dgo expression) located on a previously unannotated moron locus in the late region of the p22 genome, and encoding an 86 amino acid protein of 9.3 kda. surprisingly, the pid/d ... | 2013 | 23483857 |
| engineering the type iii secretion system in non-replicating bacterial minicells for antigen delivery. | type iii protein secretion systems are being considered for vaccine development as virtually any protein antigen can be engineered for delivery by these nanomachines into the class i antigen presentation pathway to stimulate antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells. a limitation in the use of this system is that it requires live virulence-attenuated bacteria, which may preclude its use in certain populations such as children and the immunocompromised. here we report the engineering of the salmonella typh ... | 2013 | 23481398 |
| teaching neuroimages: acute cerebellitis caused by salmonella typhimurium. | a 63-year-old woman presented with 24 hours of dysarthria, confusion, and appendicular ataxia preceded by watery diarrhea, without fever, nausea, vomiting, meningeal signs, recent travel, or antibiotic use. she had type ii diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease (on proton pump inhibitor). she had consumed inadequately cooked beef stew left at room temperature for 24 hours. blood cultures were positive for salmonella typhimurium. csf showed 15 nucleated cells, 72% monocytoid; remainder of c ... | 2013 | 23479471 |
| prediction of health risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in urban air in rio de janeiro, brazil. | risk assessment can provide a comprehensive estimate of potential effects of contaminants under specific, well-defined, and well-described circumstances, providing quantitative relationships between exposure and effects to identify and to define areas of concern. we investigated the mutagenic activity of particulate matter in air samples collected from three sites in rio de janeiro city. samples were collected using a high-volume sampler at avenida brasil, at campus of universidade do estado do ... | 2013 | 23479151 |
| us outbreak of human salmonella infections associated with aquatic frogs, 2008-2011. | although amphibians are known salmonella carriers, no such outbreaks have been reported. we investigated a nationwide outbreak of human salmonella typhimurium infections occurring predominantly among children from 2008 to 2011. | 2013 | 23478862 |
| selection and characterization of aptamers against salmonella typhimurium using whole-bacterium systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex). | in this paper, a high-affinity ssdna aptamer binding to salmonella typhimurium was obtained by a whole-bacterium-based systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) procedure. after nine rounds of selection with s. typhimurium as the target, a highly enriched oligonucleotide pool was sequenced and then grouped into different families based on primary sequence homology and secondary structure similarity. eleven sequences from different families were selected for further characte ... | 2013 | 23473545 |
| crystal structure of the dimer of two essential salmonella typhimurium proteins, ygjd & yeaz and calorimetric evidence for the formation of a ternary ygjd-yeaz-yjee complex. | ygjd from cog0533 is amongst a small group of highly conserved proteins present in all three domains of life. various roles and biochemical functions (including sialoprotease and endonuclease activities) have been ascribed to ygjd and orthologs, the most recent, however, is involvement in the post transcriptional modification of certain trnas by formation of n6-threonyl-adenosine (t⁶a) at position 37. in bacteria, ygjd is essential and along with yeaz, yjee, and yrdc has been shown to be 'necess ... | 2013 | 23471679 |