| crosstalk between circadian rhythmicity, mitochondrial dynamics and macrophage bactericidal activity. | biological functions show rhythmic fluctuations with 24-hr periodicity regulated by circadian proteins encoded by the so-called 'clock' genes. the absence or deregulation of circadian proteins in mice leads to metabolic disorders and in vitro models have shown that the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages follows a circadian rhythm so showing a link between circadian rhythmicity, metabolism and immunity. recent evidence reveals that mitochondrial shape, position and size, colle ... | 2014 | 24903615 |
| characterization of the effects of heat stress on the dna-intercalating dye evagreen for potential use with the joint biological agent identification and diagnostic system. | although advances in real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and equipment have facilitated field research, only a limited selection of reagents do not require cold storage. this study explored the temperature stability of the commercially available dna-intercalating dye evagreen after exposure to a spectrum of temperatures for 176 days by analyzing quantification cycle (cq) and end fluorescence levels during amplification of the inva gene of salmonella typhimurium. to further chara ... | 2014 | 24902129 |
| mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of six brazilian byrsonima species assessed by the ames test. | in various regions of brazil, several species of the genus byrsonima (malpighiaceae) are widely used to treat gastrointestinal complications. this genus has about 150 species of shrubs and trees distributed over the entire neotropical region. various biological activities have been identified in these plants, especially antioxidant, antimicrobial and topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activities. the aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of hydroalcoholic ... | 2014 | 24898326 |
| application of a modified gaseous exposure system to the in vitro toxicological assessment of tobacco smoke toxicants. | tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 6,000 individual chemical constituents. approximately 150 of these have been identified as 'tobacco smoke toxicants' due to their known toxicological effects. a number of these toxicants are present in the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke. this presents a technical challenge when assessing the toxicological effects of these chemicals in vitro. we have adapted a commercially available tobacco smoke exposure system to enable the assessment of the contributi ... | 2014 | 24889675 |
| plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamase (cmy-2) gene in salmonella typhimurium isolated from diarrheic pigs in south korea. | salmonella resistant to third-generation cephalosporin has been isolated from an increasing number of animals worldwide. the purpose of this study was to examine esbl (extended-spectrum β-lactamases)-producing and pabl (plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamases)-producing salmonella isolates from pigs in south korea. | 2014 | 24885386 |
| effect of sunlight exposure on the release of intentionally and/or non-intentionally added substances from polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles into water: chemical analysis and in vitro toxicity. | the effect of sunlight exposure on chemical migration into pet-bottled waters was investigated. bottled waters were exposed to natural sunlight for 2, 6 and 10 days. migration was dependent on the type of water. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and sb migration increased with sunlight exposure in ultrapure water. in carbonated waters, carbon dioxide promoted migration and only formaldehyde increased slightly due to sunlight. since no aldehydes were detected in non-carbonated waters, we conclude that s ... | 2014 | 24874358 |
| targeting orthotopic glioma in mice with genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium. | with the growing interests of bacteria as a targeting vector for cancer treatment, diverse genetically engineered salmonella has been reported to be capable of targeting primary or metastatic tumor regions after intravenous injection into mouse tumor models. the purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to access the glioma xenograft, which was monitored in mouse brain tumor models using optical bioluminescence i ... | 2014 | 24851147 |
| genotoxicity and subacute toxicity studies of a new astaxanthin-containing phaffia rhodozyma extract. | experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that astaxanthin (axn), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has protective effects against oxidative damage. because most of these studies assessed axn derived from haematococcus pluvialis that were cultivated at industrial scales, few studies have examined the toxicity of axn derived from phaffia rhodozyma. to evaluate the safety of astaxanthin-containing p. rhodozymaextract (axn-pre), genotoxicity was assessed in bacterial reverse mutation test and mouse bon ... | 2014 | 24849672 |
| a salmonella typhimurium mutant strain capable of rnai delivery: higher tumor-targeting and lower toxicity. | bacteria are highly versatile and useful tools that could deliver short interfering rna. in this study, a phop/phoq double-deleted salmonella typhimurium named vnp(phop/q(-)) based on the genetic background of vnp20009. the biological safety and function of vnp(phop/q(-)) were also analyzed. our study revealed the following results: (1) vnp(phop/q(-)) exhibited lower titers in tumor-free livers and spleens than vnp20009, (2) the survival of vnp(phop/q(-)) in macrophages and 4t1 tumor cells was s ... | 2014 | 24842165 |
| effects of bacteria‑mediated reprogramming and antibiotic pretreatment on the course of colitis in mice. | since the original study by takahashi and yamanaka in 2006, there have been significant advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells. however, to the best of our knowledge, all of the studies published to date are based on ex vivo gene delivery and subsequent reimplantation of the cells. by contrast, in vivo reprogramming allows the direct administration of dna encoding the reprogramming factors into the target tissue. in our previous study we demonstrated the beneficial effects of sa ... | 2014 | 24841084 |
| laboratory monitoring of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens salmonella and shigella in shanghai, china 2006-2012. | in 2006 we initiated an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance of salmonella and shigella infections in shanghai, china. a total of 4483 salmonella and 2226 shigella isolates were recovered from stool specimens by 2012. in 80 identified salmonella serovars, enteritidis (34·5%) and typhimurium (26·2%) were the most common. shigella (s.) sonnei accounted for 63·9% of human shigella infections over the same time period, and replaced s. flexneri to become the primary cause of shigellosis since 2010. ... | 2015 | 24831293 |
| in vivo ifn-γ secretion by nk cells in response to salmonella typhimurium requires nlrc4 inflammasomes. | natural killer (nk) cells are a critical part of the innate immune defense against viral infections and for the control of tumors. much less is known about how nk cells contribute to anti-bacterial immunity. nk cell-produced interferon gamma (ifn-γ) contributes to the control of early exponential replication of bacterial pathogens, however the regulation of these events remains poorly resolved. using a mouse model of invasive salmonellosis, here we report that the activation of the intracellular ... | 2014 | 24827856 |
| isolation, characterization, and application of bacteriophages for salmonella spp. biocontrol in pigs. | foodborne illness due to salmonella-contaminated pork products is an important public health problem, causing significant economic losses worldwide. the use of bacteriophages is a potential intervention tool that has attracted interest for the control of foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of salmonella in commercial pig farms and to isolate specific autochthonous bacteriophages against salmonella typhimurium, to characterize them and to evaluate their lyt ... | 2014 | 24823991 |
| antigen-dependent versus -independent activation of invariant nkt cells during infection. | cd1d-reactive invariant nkt cells (inkt) play a vital role in determining the characteristics of immune responses to infectious agents. previous reports suggest that inkt cell activation during infection can be: 1) solely driven by cytokines from innate immune cells, 2) require microbial ag, or 3) require self-ag. in this study, we examined the role of ag receptor stimulation in inkt cells during several bacterial and viral infections. to test for ag receptor signaling, nur77(gfp) bac transgenic ... | 2014 | 24813205 |
| culture versus pcr for salmonella species identification in some dairy products and dairy handlers with special concern to its zoonotic importance. | a total of 200 samples of milk and dairy products as well as 120 samples of dairy handlers were randomly collected from different dairy farms and supermarkets in dakahlia governorate, egypt. the conventional cultural and serotyping methods for detection of salmonella in dairy products were applied and the results were compared with those obtained by molecular screening assay using (ttr sequence). the obtained results revealed that 21% of milk and dairy products (42/200) were positive for salmone ... | 2014 | 24808971 |
| development of an engineered bioluminescent reporter phage for the sensitive detection of viable salmonella typhimurium. | because foodborne illnesses continuously threaten public health, rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens in food has become an important issue. as an alternative to time-consuming and laborious conventional detection methods, a technique using recombinant reporter phages has been developed. here, we developed an advanced bioluminescent reporter phage spc32h-cdabe by inserting a bacterial luxcdabe operon into the salmonella temperate phage spc32h genome. whole spc32h genome sequencing enabled ... | 2014 | 24806327 |
| determination of sulfotransferase forms involved in the metabolic activation of the genotoxicant 1-hydroxymethylpyrene using bacterially expressed enzymes and genetically modified mouse models. | 1-methylpyrene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, forms benzylic dna adducts, in particular n2-(1-methylpyrenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine, in mice and rats. it is bioactivated via 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (1-hmp) to electrophilic 1-sulfooxymethylpyrene (1-smp). in this study, we explored the role of individual mouse sulfotransferase (sult) forms in this activation. first, we showed that all nine mouse sults tested were able to activate 1-hmp to a mutagen in the his- salmonella typhimurium re ... | 2014 | 24802129 |
| effect of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the biological activity of naringin. | the biological activity of naringin treated with atmospheric pressure plasma was evaluated to investigate whether exposure to plasma can be used as a method to improve the biological activity of natural materials. naringin was dissolved in methanol (at 500 ppm) and transferred to a container. a dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) (250 w, 15 khz, ambient air) was then generated. treatment with the plasma for 20 min increased the radical-scavenging activity, frap value, and the total phenolic compo ... | 2014 | 24799234 |
| phenolic content and antioxidant and antimutagenic activities in tomato peel, seeds, and byproducts. | the phenolic content and antioxidant and antimutagenic activities from the peel and seeds of different tomato types (grape, cherry, bola and saladette type), and simulated tomato industrial byproducts, were studied. methanolic extracts were used to quantify total phenolic content, groups of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and the profile of phenolic compounds (by hplc-dad). antimutagenic activity was determined by salmonella typhimurium assay. the total phenolic content and antioxida ... | 2014 | 24792924 |
| physicochemical, mechanical, and molecular properties of nonlysogenic and p22-lysogenic salmonella typhimurium treated with citrus oil. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of nonlysogenic salmonella typhimurium (st(p22-)) and lysogenic salmonella typhimurium (st(p22+)) in the presence of sublethal concentrations (slc2d) of citrus essential oils (ceos), which were used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation ability, bacterial motility, lysogenic conversion, gene expression patterns, and antibiofilm formation. the slc2d values of non-heat-tre ... | 2014 | 24780330 |
| salmonella internalization in mung bean sprouts and pre- and postharvest intervention methods in a hydroponic system. | mung bean sprouts, typically consumed raw or minimally cooked, are often contaminated with pathogens. internalized pathogens pose a high risk because conventional sanitization methods are ineffective for their inactivation. the studies were performed (i) to understand the potential of internalization of salmonella in mung bean sprouts under conditions where the irrigation water was contaminated and (ii) to determine if pre- and postharvest intervention methods are effective in inactivating the i ... | 2014 | 24780329 |
| transmission parameters estimated for salmonella typhimurium in swine using susceptible-infectious-resistant models and a bayesian approach. | transmission models can aid understanding of disease dynamics and are useful in testing the efficiency of control measures. the aim of this study was to formulate an appropriate stochastic susceptible-infectious-resistant/carrier (sir) model for salmonella typhimurium in pigs and thus estimate the transmission parameters between states. | 2014 | 24774444 |
| evaluation the surface antigen of the salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 ghosts prepared by "slrp". | recently, bacterial ghosts (bgs) were prepared using a protocol based on critical chemical concentrations. it has been given the name "sponge like" (sl) protocol and used in its reduced form "sponge like reduced protocol" (slrp). while specific antibody for salmonella is available on the market under the commercial names (of some kits) such as febrile antigen kit (n.s. bio-tec), we used the described kit to investigate the validity of the slrp. in this study, using slrp we succeeded to prepare s ... | 2014 | 24772035 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella: an unusual cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in decompensated cirrhosis. | salmonella typhimurium, a non-typhoidal salmonella, is an unusual cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp). it is usually reported in asymptomatic patients with normal or high ascitic fluid protein levels with underlying immunosuppression, as high opsonic activity in the ascitic fluid of these patients protects them from the usual organisms causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, unless they are exposed to a particularly virulent organism like salmonella. we report a case of culture-p ... | 2014 | 24759352 |
| fibrates ameliorate the course of bacterial sepsis by promoting neutrophil recruitment via cxcr2. | bacterial sepsis results in high mortality rates, and new therapeutics to control infection are urgently needed. here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of fibrates in the treatment of bacterial sepsis and examine their effects on innate immunity. fibrates significantly improved the survival from sepsis in mice infected with salmonella typhimurium, which was paralleled by markedly increased neutrophil influx to the site of infection resulting in rapid clearance of invading bacteria. as a ... | 2014 | 24755316 |
| evaluations of the mutagenicity of a pigment extract from bulb culture of hippeastrum reticulatum. | the use of anthocyanins in food products as colorants has been limited because of their instability toward alkaline ph and high temperature. this study aimed to determine color stability and mutagenicity of the anthocyanin-based pigment extract from bulb cultures of hippeastrum (hippeastrum reticulatum). the pigment extract retained its reddish-orange color under alkaline conditions (⩽ph 11) and was stable up to 6 h at 95 °c. the mutagenicity of the extract was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. hi ... | 2014 | 24751972 |
| evaluation of mutagenic and genotoxic activities of lobeline and its modulation on genomic instability induced by ethanol. | lobeline is a natural alkaloid derived from lobelia inflata that has been investigated as a clinical candidate for the treatment of alcoholism. in a pre-clinical trial, lobeline decreased the preference for and consumption of ethanol, due to the modulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. however, the interaction between lobeline and ethanol is poorly known and thus there are safety concerns. the present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of lobeline and ... | 2014 | 24727238 |
| a comparative study of the sensitivities of salmonella typhimurium strains ta 98, ta 100 and ta 102 to hospital waste waters. | hospitals are a release source of many chemical compounds in their wastewaters. in the present study salmonella typhimurium strains ta 98, ta 100 and ta 102 were analyzed for their sensitivity to hospital waste waters. the results of the study showed that hospital waste waters consists of mutagens causing frame shift mutations and base pair substitutions and amongst the three strains used in this study, ta 102 was most effective which along with ta 98 can be used for quick assessment of genotoxi ... | 2014 | 24718501 |
| regulation of 5-oxo-ete synthesis by nitric oxide in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes upon their interaction with zymosan and salmonella typhimurium. | in the present study we have presented data on the regulation of lt (leukotriene) and 5-oxo-ete (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) syntheses in human neutrophils upon interaction with oz (opsonized zymosan) or salmonella typhimurium. priming of neutrophils with pma (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and lps (lipopolysaccharide) elicits 5-oxo-ete formation in neutrophils exposed to oz, and the addition of aa (arachidonic acid) significantly increases 5-oxo-ete synthesis. we found that no (nit ... | 2014 | 24712762 |
| identification of traf6 as a ubiquitin ligase engaged in the ubiquitination of sopb, a virulence effector protein secreted by salmonella typhimurium. | the phosphoinositide phosphatase sopb is one of the effectors injected by salmonella typhimurium (s.typhimurium) that diversifies its function through a ubiquitin-dependent differential localization. however, it is unclear which e3 ubiquitin ligase is responsible for ubiquitination of sopb. based on the e1-e2-e3 trio of enzymes responsible for the ubiquitin activation and translocation to substrate proteins, we constructed an in vitro assay of sopb ubiquitination. using this assay, we purified a ... | 2014 | 24704445 |
| [efficacy of immune responses induced by anti-caries dna vaccine-loaded bacterial ghost in mice]. | to develop an anti-caries dna vaccine-loaded salmonella typhimurium (st) ghost and enhance the efficacy of immune responses induced by anti-caries dna vaccine via mucosal route. | 2014 | 24697886 |
| isolation and validation of an endogenous fluorescent nucleoid reporter in salmonella typhimurium. | in this study we adapted a mud-based delivery system to construct a random yfp reporter gene (encoding the yellow fluorescent protein) insertion library in the genome of salmonella typhimurium lt2, and used fluorescence activated cell sorting and fluorescence microscopy to screen for translational fusions that were able to clearly and specifically label the bacterial nucleoid. two such fusions were obtained, corresponding to a translational yfp insertion in iscr and iolr, respectively. both fusi ... | 2014 | 24695782 |
| phenotypic characterization of salmonella ryhb-1 mutations that modulate target regulation. | recently, we reported the global regulatory roles of the two small rnas in salmonella typhimurium, ryhb-1 and ryhb-2. however, the genetic basis of the srna-target interactions remains unknown. to identify the nucleotides of ryhb-1 that are functionally important for its regulatory actions, we introduced random single-point mutations into ryhb-1 gene on the chromosome of salmonella typhimurium carrying a sodb-lacz translational fusion by an error-prone pcr method. we reasoned that mutants expres ... | 2014 | 24691548 |
| intestinal autophagy activity is essential for host defense against salmonella typhimurium infection in caenorhabditis elegans. | salmonella typhimurium infects both intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is present in all eukaryotes. autophagy has been reported to limit the salmonella replication in caenorhabditis elegans and in mammals. however, it is unknown whether intestinal autophagy activity plays a role in host defense against salmonella infection in c. elegans. in this study, we inhibited the autophagy gene bec-1 in different c. elegans tissues and examined t ... | 2014 | 24674884 |
| proton-detected mas nmr experiments based on dipolar transfers for backbone assignment of highly deuterated proteins. | proton-detected solid-state nmr was applied to a highly deuterated insoluble, non-crystalline biological assembly, the salmonella typhimurium type iii secretion system (t3ss) needle. spectra of very high resolution and sensitivity were obtained at a low protonation level of 10-20% at exchangeable amide positions. we developed efficient experimental protocols for resonance assignment tailored for this system and the employed experimental conditions. using exclusively dipolar-based interspin magne ... | 2014 | 24667274 |
| molecular characterization of "inconsistent" variants of salmonella typhimurium isolated in italy. | salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- is a variant of salmonella typhimurium, which lacks the expression of phase-2 flagellar antigen, generally associated with the deletion of the fljb gene. additional mechanisms involving the fljab operon ( flja, fljb, and hin genes) lead to the lack of expression of phase-2 flagellar antigens also in salmonella strains harboring the fljb gene. for 20 s. 4,[5],12:i:- strains, defined as "inconsistent" salmonella typhimurium variants since they had phenotypically behaved as ... | 2014 | 24666380 |
| systemic administration of attenuated salmonella typhimurium in combination with interleukin-21 for cancer therapy. | attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) strain vnp20009 has been employed as a powerful anticancer agent due to its selective accumulation in tumors for targeted therapy. s. typhimurium has been demonstrated to constitute a delivery tool carrying antiangiogenic or proapoptotic genes that treat cancer. the hydrodynamic tail vein (htv) injection of naked plasmid dna has been developed as an effective gene delivery strategy, which has been successfully used in vivo. the aim of this study ... | 2013 | 24649192 |
| pre- and post-processing workflow for affinity purification mass spectrometry data. | the reliable detection of protein-protein interactions by affinity purification mass spectrometry (ap-ms) is crucial for the understanding of biological processes. quantitative information can be used to separate truly interacting proteins from false-positives by contrasting counts of proteins binding to specific baits with counts of negative controls. several approaches have been proposed for computing scores for potential interaction proteins, for example, the commonly used saint software. how ... | 2014 | 24641689 |
| oxidative metabolism enables salmonella evasion of the nlrp3 inflammasome. | microbial infection triggers assembly of inflammasome complexes that promote caspase-1-dependent antimicrobial responses. inflammasome assembly is mediated by members of the nucleotide binding domain leucine-rich repeat (nlr) protein family that respond to cytosolic bacterial products or disruption of cellular processes. flagellin injected into host cells by invading salmonella induces inflammasome activation through nlrc4, whereas nlrp3 is required for inflammasome activation in response to mul ... | 2014 | 24638169 |
| effect of egg washing and correlation between eggshell characteristics and egg penetration by various salmonella typhimurium strains. | salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, causing an estimated 11,992 cases of infection in australia per year. egg or egg product related salmonellosis is a major concern for the egg industry. worldwide, s. typhimurium is one of the most common serovars identified in salmonella food poisoning cases. the current study investigated the ability of five s. typhimurium strains to penetrate washed and unwashed eggs using whole egg and agar egg penetration methods. all s. typhimurium strains were ... | 2014 | 24621821 |
| intermittent fasting promotes bacterial clearance and intestinal iga production in salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. | the impact of intermittent fasting versus ad libitum feeding during salmonella typhimurium infection was evaluated in terms of duodenum iga levels, bacterial clearance and intestinal and extra-intestinal infection susceptibility. mice that were intermittently fasted for 12 weeks or fed ad libitum were infected with s. typhimurium and assessed at 7 and 14 days post-infection. next, we evaluated bacterial load in the faeces, peyer's patches, spleen and liver by plate counting, as well as total and ... | 2014 | 24612255 |
| tumor-specific delivery of histidine-rich glycoprotein suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by anti-angiogenesis and vessel normalization. | histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein (hprg) is a plasma protein of vertebrates, which has potent antiangiogenic and tumor vessel normalization properties. attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain vnp20009 preferentially accumulates and replicates in hypoxic tumor regions. in this study, we engineered vnp20009 to express hprg under the control of a hypoxia-induced nirb promoter and evaluated the efficacy of the vnp20009-mediated targeted expressionof hprg (vnp-pnhprg) on tumor growth in primary an ... | 2014 | 24606115 |
| role of berberine in anti-bacterial as a high-affinity lps antagonist binding to tlr4/md-2 receptor. | berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid mainly extracted from rhizoma coptidis and has been shown to possess a potent inhibitory activity against bacterial. however, the role of berberine in anti-bacterial action has not been extensively studied. | 2014 | 24602493 |
| performance of (q)sar models for predicting ames mutagenicity of aryl azo and benzidine based compounds. | regulatory agencies worldwide are committed to the objectives of the strategic approach to international chemicals management to ensure that by 2020 chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment. under the government of canada's chemicals management plan, the commitment to address a large number of substances, many with limited data, has highlighted the importance of pursuing alternative hazard assessment ... | 2014 | 24598040 |
| differences in the hydroxylation pattern of flavonoids alter their chemoprotective effect against direct- and indirect-acting mutagens. | the antimutagenicity of ten flavonoids, differing in their hydroxylation patterns against direct-acting and indirect-acting mutagens, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, mitomycin c, benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin b1 and 2-aminofluorene, were compared with the aim of investigating how the hydroxyl groups in their structures govern the biological activity of flavonoids, by the ames test, with salmonella typhimurium strains ta98, ta100 and ta102. the flavonoids tested were: quercetin, kaem ... | 2014 | 24594182 |
| a polysaccharide isolated from the liquid culture of lentinus edodes (shiitake) mushroom mycelia containing black rice bran protects mice against salmonellosis through upregulation of the th1 immune reaction. | the present study investigated the antibacterial effect of a bioprocessed polysaccharide (bpp) isolated from lentinus edodes liquid mycelial culture supplemented with black rice bran against murine salmonellosis. bpp was not bactericidal in vitro, it did, however, stimulate uptake of the bacteria into raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells, as indicated by increased colony-forming unit (cfu) counts of the contents of the lysed macrophages incubated with salmonella typhimurium for 30 and 60 min. two h ... | 2014 | 24593132 |
| reducing ppgpp level rescues an extreme growth defect caused by mutant ef-tu. | transcription and translation of mrna's are coordinated processes in bacteria. we have previously shown that a mutant form of ef-tu (gln125arg) in salmonella typhimurium with a reduced affinity for aa-trna, causes ribosome pausing, resulting in an increased rate of rnase e-mediated mrna cleavage, causing extremely slow growth, even on rich medium. the slow growth phenotype is reversed by mutations that reduce rnase e activity. here we asked whether the slow growth phenotype could be reversed by ... | 2014 | 24587376 |
| phosphorylation of eif2α is dispensable for differentiation but required at a posttranscriptional level for paneth cell function and intestinal homeostasis in mice. | recent studies link endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and the unfolded protein response (upr) to inflammatory bowel disease. altered eif2α phosphorylation (eif2α-p), a regulatory hub of the upr, was observed in mucosal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. in this study, we examined the mechanistic role of eif2α-p in intestinal epithelial cell (iec) function and intestinal homeostasis in mice. | 2014 | 24577114 |
| detection of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chlorthiophos using micronucleus, chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and ames tests. | potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of chlorthiophos, an organophosphate pesticide, were evaluated using four standard assays. five different concentrations of the pesticide were tested by an ames test using salmonella typhimurium strains ta97, ta98, ta100, and ta102, with and without s9 metabolic activation. no concentrations of chlorthiophos showed mutagenic activity on the ta97, ta100, and ta102 strains, with and without s9 fraction, but were all mutagenic to the ta98 strain without s9. ... | 2015 | 24515492 |
| amylenes do not lead to bacterial mutagenicity in contrast to structurally related epoxides. | amylenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons (c5h10), such as 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-but-1-en (3-methyl-1-butene), 2-methyl-but-2-en (isopentene), and 3-methyl-but-1-en. we investigated bacterial mutagenicity of 1-pentene, 2-pentene, and 3-methyl-but-1-en in the ames test. 2-pentene was investigated as racemate and as pure diastereomers. we included the methyltransferase deficient salmonella typhimurium strain yg7108 and the application of a gas-tight preincubation to reduce the risk of false n ... | 2014 | 24511538 |
| electron-correlation based externally predictive qsars for mutagenicity of nitrated-pahs in salmonella typhimurium ta100. | in quantitative modeling, there are two major aspects that decide reliability and real external predictivity of a structure-activity relationship (sar) based on quantum chemical descriptors. first, the information encoded in employed molecular descriptors, computed through a quantum-mechanical method, should be precisely estimated. the accuracy of the quantum-mechanical method, however, is dependent upon the amount of electron-correlation it incorporates. second, the real external predictivity o ... | 2014 | 24507125 |
| a study of the dynamics of salmonella infection in turkey breeding, rearing and finishing houses with special reference to elimination, persistence and introduction of salmonella. | in this descriptive study, the dynamics of salmonella infection of turkey flocks were investigated by repeated sampling of houses where salmonella had been identified. the aim of the study was to identify the most common scenarios involved in elimination, persistence and introduction of salmonella in the different branches of the turkey industry. sixty-two houses on 34 turkey farms (comprising breeding, rearing and finishing farms) were sampled longitudinally, starting with the identification of ... | 2014 | 24506110 |
| fine-mapping and phenotypic analysis of the ity3 salmonella susceptibility locus identify a complex genetic structure. | experimental animal models of salmonella infections have been widely used to identify genes important in the host immune response to infection. using an f2 cross between the classical inbred strain c57bl/6j and the wild derived strain molf/ei, we have previously identified ity3 (immunity to typhimurium locus 3) as a locus contributing to the early susceptibility of molf/ei mice to infection with salmonella typhimurium. we have also established a congenic strain (b6.molf-ity/ity3) with the molf/e ... | 2014 | 24505352 |
| salmonella typhimurium meningitis in infancy. | we report a case of meningitis due to salmonella typhimurium in a four-month-old female infant. the child was brought to the pediatric emergency department with complaints of fever, cold, and generalized convulsion. on examination, the child was febrile and was having seizures. the anterior fontanelle was not bulging. lumbar puncture was done and salmonella typhimurium was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. initially the infant improved clinically with appropriate management, but had a fatal out ... | 2013 | 24501496 |
| effect of bacteriophage on the susceptibility, motility, invasion, and survival of salmonella typhimurium exposed to the simulated intestinal conditions. | this study was designed to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage p22 on the susceptibility, swimming motility, invasion gene expression, invasive ability, and intracellular survival of salmonella typhimurium exposed to the simulated intestinal conditions. s. typhimurium cells were inoculated at 37 °c for 4 h in the simulated intestinal conditions with or without bacteriophage p22, including control (0 % bile salts, ph 7.2), sn (0 % bile salts, ph 5.0), sl (0.5 % bile salts, ph 5.0), sh (2.0 % bil ... | 2014 | 24500522 |
| dynamic monitoring of salmonella typhimurium infection of polarized epithelia using organic transistors. | ion flow across polarized epithelia is a tightly regulated process. measurement of the transepithelial resistance is a highly relevant parameter for assessing the function or health of the tissue. dynamic, electrical measurements of transepithelial ion flow are preferred as they provide the most accurate snapshot of effects of external stimuli. enteric pathogens such as salmonella typhimurium are known to disrupt ion flow in gastrointestinal epithelia. here, for the first time, the use of organi ... | 2014 | 24497469 |
| antioxidant and antigenotoxic activity of bioactive extracts from corn tassel. | this study is designed to evaluate antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of corn tassel extracts (ctts). the major bioactive components of ctts include flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide. the antioxidant properties of the three bioactive components of ctts were investigated by ferric reducing antioxidant property (frap) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) assays. the activities of the extracts were determined by assessing the inhibition of mutagenicity of the direct-acting mutagen fe ... | 2014 | 24496692 |
| sonographically detected thickened small bowel in a case of paediatric salmonella typhimurium enteritis. | introduction: a five-year-old year old girl developed fever of 40.3° c, vomiting, mild general abdominal pain, followed by bloody diarrhea. description: ultrasonography revealed a length of symmetrically thickened terminal ileum, more than 20 cm long, with walls greater than 0.5 cm containing a long narrow lumen < 1 mm wide. conclusion: given the difficulty of diagnosing the cause of enteritis in young children, ultrasonography represents a simple, non invasive technique which may demonstrate su ... | 2014 | 28191208 |
| application of the sos/umu test and high-content in vitro micronucleus test to determine genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nine benzothiazoles. | benzothiazole and benzothiazole derivatives (bts) have been detected in various environmental matrices as well as in human beings, but little is currently available regarding their toxicities. in our study, genotoxicities of nine bts (benzothiazole [bt], 2-chlorobenzothiazole [cbt], 2-bromobenzothiazole [brbt], 2-fluorobenzothiazole [fbt], 2-methylbenzothiazole [mebt], 2-mercaptobenzothiazole [mbt], 2-aminobenzothiazole [abt], 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole [ohbt] and 2-methythiobenzothiazole [mtbt]) a ... | 2014 | 24478133 |
| mutagenicity and genotoxicity of dicapthon insecticide. | mutagenic and genotoxic effects of dicapthon were investigated by using the bacterial reverse mutation assay in salmonella typhimurium ta97, ta98, ta100 and ta102 strains with or without metabolic activation system (s9 mix), and chromosome aberrations (cas), sister chromatid exchanges (sces), and micronucleus (mn) tests in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. dicapthon was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide for all test systems. 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/plate doses of dicapthon were found to b ... | 2014 | 24477548 |
| absence of in vitro genotoxicity potential of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in bacteria and in human tk6 and heparg cell lines. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the major mycotoxin detected in cereal foods and a risk for human health following don ingestion could not be excluded due to high level exposure. in this light, the hazard of don must be carefully evaluated. therefore, the aim of this study is to perform in vitro genotoxicity tests with don using the salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (ames' test), the comet assay and the micronucleus test in accordance with the oecd test guideline 487 in two human cell lines: ... | 2014 | 24468671 |
| recognition of salmonella by dectin-1 induces presentation of peptide antigen to type b t cells. | type b t cells recognize peptide-mhc class ii (pmhcii) isoforms that are structurally distinct from those recognized by conventional type a t cells. these alternative type b conformers result from peptide loading in the absence of hla-dm. type a conformers are more stable than type b pmhcii conformers but bind the same peptide in the same register. here, we show that interaction of salmonella typhimurium with bone marrow derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) isolated from c3h/hencr1 mice results in en ... | 2014 | 24458430 |
| antigen-specific bacterial vaccine combined with anti-pd-l1 rescues dysfunctional endogenous t cells to reject long-established cancer. | immunogenic tumors grow progressively even when heavily infiltrated by cd8(+) t cells. we investigated how to rescue cd8(+) t cell function in long-established immunogenic melanomas that contained a high percentage of endogenous pd-1(+) tumor-specific cd8(+) t cells that were dysfunctional. treatment with αpd-l1 and αctla-4 blocking antibodies did not prevent tumors from progressing rapidly. we then tested exogenous tumor-specific antigen delivery into tumors using salmonella typhimurium a1-r to ... | 2013 | 24455752 |
| phopq regulates acidic glycerophospholipid content of the salmonella typhimurium outer membrane. | gram-negative bacteria have two lipid membranes separated by a periplasmic space containing peptidoglycan. the surface bilayer, or outer membrane (om), provides a barrier to toxic molecules, including host cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps). the om comprises an outer leaflet of lipid a, the bioactive component of lipopolysaccharide (lps), and an inner leaflet of glycerophospholipids (gpls). the structure of lipid a is environmentally regulated in a manner that can promote bacterial infectio ... | 2014 | 24449881 |
| sequential acquisition of t cells and antibodies to nontyphoidal salmonella in malawian children. | salmonella typhimurium (stm) remain a prominent cause of bacteremia in sub-saharan africa. complement-fixing antibodies to stm develop by 2 years of age. we hypothesized that stm-specific cd4⁺ t cells develop alongside this process. | 2014 | 24443544 |
| efficacy of salmonella typhimurium a1-r versus chemotherapy on a pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox). | the aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r) on pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (pdox). the pdox model was originally established from a pancreatic cancer patient in scid-nod mice. the pancreatic cancer pdox was subsequently transplanted by surgical orthotopic implantation (soi) in transgenic nude red fluorescent protein (rfp) mice in order that the pdox stably acquired red fluorescent protein (rfp)-expressing st ... | 2014 | 24435915 |
| reply to blair et al.: dose-dependent effects and oxidative stress responses in antibiotic tolerance in salmonella typhimurium. | | 2013 | 24422210 |
| anti-tumoral effect of the mitochondrial target domain of noxa delivered by an engineered salmonella typhimurium. | bacterial cancer therapy relies on the fact that several bacterial species are capable of targeting tumor tissue and that bacteria can be genetically engineered to selectively deliver therapeutic proteins of interest to the targeted tumors. however, the challenge of bacterial cancer therapy is the release of the therapeutic proteins from the bacteria and entry of the proteins into tumor cells. this study employed an attenuated salmonella typhimurium to selectively deliver the mitochondrial targe ... | 2014 | 24416126 |
| actin restructuring during salmonella typhimurium infection investigated by confocal and super-resolution microscopy. | we have used super-resolution optical microscopy and confocal microscopy to visualize the cytoskeletal restructuring of hela cells that accompanies and enables salmonella typhimurium internalization. herein, we report the use of confocal microscopy to verify and explore infection conditions that would be compatible with super-resolution optical microscopy, using alexa-488 labeled phalloidin to stain the actin cytoskeletal network. while it is well known that actin restructuring and cytoskeletal ... | 2014 | 24413454 |
| assessment of attenuated salmonella vaccine strains in controlling experimental salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens. | salmonella hold considerable promise as vaccine delivery vectors for heterologous antigens in chickens. such vaccines have the potential additional benefit of also controlling salmonella infection in immunized birds. as a way of selecting attenuated strains with optimal immunogenic potential as antigen delivery vectors, this study screened 20 novel salmonella typhimurium vaccine strains, differing in mutations associated with delayed antigen synthesis and delayed attenuation, for their efficacy ... | 2014 | 24396177 |
| particulate matters collected from ceramic factories in lampang province affecting rat lungs. | lung cancer ranks as the fifth largest of all cancer cases in thailand. however, it is the first leading cancer in the northern part of thailand (data from 2003-2007). there are several predisposing causes that lead to lung cancer and one important inducement is particulate matters (pms). lampang province in thailand is famous for the ceramic industry, where there are over 200 ceramic industrial factories. pms are produced during the ceramic manufacturing process and spread throughout all of the ... | 2014 | 24390747 |
| structure-based mechanism for na(+)/melibiose symport by melb. | the bacterial melibiose permease (melb) belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family, a part of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs). structural information regarding glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family transporters and other na(+)-coupled permeases within mfs has been lacking, although a wealth of biochemical and biophysical data are available. here we present the three-dimensional crystal structures of salmonella typhimurium melbst in two conforma ... | 2014 | 24389923 |
| a toxin-antitoxin module of salmonella promotes virulence in mice. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules are widely prevalent in both bacteria and archaea. originally described as stabilizing elements of plasmids, ta modules are also widespread on bacterial chromosomes. these modules promote bacterial persistence in response to specific environmental stresses. so far, the possibility that ta modules could be involved in bacterial virulence has been largely neglected, but recent comparative genomic studies have shown that the presence of ta modules is significantly assoc ... | 2013 | 24385907 |
| structural analysis of o-polysaccharide chains extracted from different salmonella typhimurium strains. | salmonella typhimurium is the major cause of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease in africa, with high mortality among children and hiv-infected individuals. currently, no vaccine is available for use in humans. antibodies directed against the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide molecule of salmonella mediate bacterial killing and are protective, and conjugation of the o-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a possible strategy for vaccine development. here we have purified t ... | 2014 | 24384528 |
| antimicrobial resistance: capacity and practices among clinical laboratories in kenya, 2013. | antimicrobial resistance is neglected in developing countries; associated with limited surveillance and unregulated use of antimicrobials. consequently, delayed patient recoveries, deaths and further antimicrobial resistance occur. recent gastroenteritis outbreak at a children's home associated with multidrug resistant non-typhoidal salmonella spp, raised concerns about the magnitude of the problem in kenya, prompting antimicrobial resistance assessment preceding surveillance system establishmen ... | 2014 | 25918572 |
| the molecular properties of nitrobenzanthrone isomers and their mutagenic activities. | the mutagenic activity of five mono-substituted nitrobenzanthrones (nba) has been determined in the ames assay (takamura-enya et al., 2006). in the present study, a theoretical investigation of the electronic properties of all mono-substituted nba isomers and their relation to mutagenic activity are presented. equilibrium geometries, vertical ionization potentials (vip), vertical electron affinities (vea), relative energies, dipole moments and electronic dipole polarizabilities, and the ir and r ... | 2014 | 24355164 |
| novel nitro-pah formation from heterogeneous reactions of pahs with no2, no3/n2o5, and oh radicals: prediction, laboratory studies, and mutagenicity. | the heterogeneous reactions of benzo[a]pyrene-d12 (bap-d12), benzo[k]fluoranthene-d12 (bkf-d12), benzo[ghi]perylene-d12 (bghip-d12), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene-d14 (daip-d14), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (dalp) with no2, no3/n2o5, and oh radicals were investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in an indoor teflon chamber and novel mono-no2-daip and mono-no2-dalp products were identified. quartz fiber filters (qff) were used as a reaction surface and the filter extracts were analyzed by gc/ms f ... | 2014 | 24350894 |
| an investigation of salmonella typhimurium linked to contaminated eggs on the central coast of nsw, 2008. | | 2013 | 24350390 |
| rapid colorimetric detection of salmonella typhimuriumusing a selective filtration technique combined with antibody-magnetic nanoparticle nanocomposites. | detection of pathogenic bacteria that pose a great risk to human health requires a rapid, convenient, reliable, and sensitive detection method. in this study, we developed a selective filtration method using monoclonal antibody (mab)-magnetic nanoparticle (mnp) nanocomposites for the rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection of salmonella typhimurium. the method contains two key steps: the immunomagnetic separation of the bacteria using mab-mnp nanocomposites and the filtration of the nanocompo ... | 2014 | 24337136 |
| fate of salmonella typhimurium in laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms. | investigations were carried out to evaluate and quantify colonization of laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms by a chromosomally green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain of salmonella typhimurium. gfp encodes the green fluorescent protein and thus allows in situ detection of undisturbed cells and is ideally suited for monitoring salmonella in biofilms. the fate and persistence of non-typhoidal salmonella in simulated drinking water biofilms was investigated. the ability of salmonella to ... | 2013 | 24334837 |
| decomposition of flux distributions into metabolic pathways. | genome-scale reconstructions are often used for studying relationships between fundamental components of a metabolic system. in this study, we develop a novel computational method for analyzing predicted flux distributions for metabolic reconstructions. because chemical reactions may have multiple reactants and products, a directed hypergraph where hyperarcs may have multiple tail vertices and head vertices is a more appropriate representation of the metabolic network than a conventional network ... | 2016 | 24334391 |
| salmonella's masterful skill in mast cell suppression. | salmonella bacteria often cause food-borne diseases. in this issue of immunity, choi et al. (2013) demonstrate that the salmonella typhimurium-secreted protein tyrosine phosphatase, sptp, suppresses mast cell degranulation, which enables bacterial dissemination. | 2013 | 24332026 |
| microbiota-derived hydrogen fuels salmonella typhimurium invasion of the gut ecosystem. | the intestinal microbiota features intricate metabolic interactions involving the breakdown and reuse of host- and diet-derived nutrients. the competition for these resources can limit pathogen growth. nevertheless, some enteropathogenic bacteria can invade this niche through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. using a mouse model for salmonella diarrhea and a transposon mutant screen, we discovered that initial growth of salmonella typhimurium (s. tm) in the unperturbed gut is powered by s. ... | 2013 | 24331462 |
| effects of gamma irradiation for inactivating salmonella typhimurium in peanut butter product during storage. | three types (a, b, and c) of peanut butter product with different water activities (0.18, 0.39, and 0.65 aw) inoculated with a 3-strain mixture of salmonella typhimurium were subjected to gamma irradiation (⁶⁰co) treatment, with doses ranging from 0 to 3 kgy. the inactivation of s. typhimurium in the 3 types of treated peanut butter product over a 14 day storage period and the influence of storage temperature at 4 (refrigerated) and 25 °c (ambient), and peanut butter product formulation were inv ... | 2014 | 24321602 |
| effect of a diva vaccine with and without in-feed use of coated calcium-butyrate on transmission of salmonella typhimurium in pigs. | for satisfactory salmonella control, good biosecurity along the pork production chain is crucial, although additional control measures on-farm need to be considered. this study evaluated the effect of two potential control measures against the spread of salmonella typhimurium via a transmission experiment with 56 piglets (3-15 weeks of age): two groups were orally vaccinated with 107 - 108 colony forming units (cfu)/2 ml of a new attenuated salmonella typhimurium vaccine 'salmoporc-∆rfaj' with d ... | 2013 | 24304918 |
| associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella typhimurium. | a collection of salmonella typhimurium isolates obtained from sporadic salmonellosis cases in humans from lower saxony, germany between june 2008 and may 2010 was used to perform an exploratory risk-factor analysis on antimicrobial resistance (amr) using comprehensive host information on sociodemographic attributes, medical history, food habits and animal contact. multivariate resistance profiles of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 13 antimicrobial agents were analysed using a non-parametri ... | 2014 | 24300336 |
| salmonella typhimurium abscess of the chest wall. | male, 73 final diagnosis: salmonella typhimurium abscess of the chest wall symptoms: - | 2013 | 24298305 |
| toxic effects of nanoparticles on bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and gene mutation. | the potential environmental toxicities of several metal oxide nanoparticles (nps; cuo, tio2, nio, fe2o3, zno, and co3o4) were evaluated in the context of bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and bacterial gene mutation. the bioassays exhibited different sensitivities, i.e., each kind of np exhibited a different level of toxicity in each of the bioassays. however, with a few exceptions, cuo and zno nps had most toxic for germination of lactuca seed (ec50 0.46 mg cuo/l) and bioluminescence ... | 2014 | 24297479 |
| efflux transport of serum amyloid p component at the blood-brain barrier. | serum amyloid p component (sap), a member of the innate immune system, does not penetrate the brain in physiological conditions; however, sap is a stabilizing component of the amyloid plaques in neurodegenerative diseases. we investigated the cerebrovascular transport of human sap in animal experiments and in culture blood-brain barrier (bbb) models. after intravenous injection, no sap could be detected by immunohistochemistry or elisa in healthy rat brains. salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccha ... | 2013 | 24294499 |
| n-acetylation of three aromatic amine hair dye precursor molecules eliminates their genotoxic potential. | n-acetylation has been described as a detoxification reaction for aromatic amines; however, there is only limited data available showing that this metabolic conversion step changes their genotoxicity potential. to extend this database, three aromatic amines, all widely used as precursors in oxidative hair dye formulations, were chosen for this study: p-phenylenediamine (ppd), 2,5-diaminotoluene (dat) and 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene (aht). aiming at a deeper mechanistic understanding of the interpla ... | 2014 | 24275315 |
| quantitative assessment of the dose-response of alkylating agents in dna repair proficient and deficient ames tester strains. | mutagenic and clastogenic effects of some dna damaging agents such as methyl methanesulfonate (mms) and ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) have been demonstrated to exhibit a nonlinear or even "thresholded" dose-response in vitro and in vivo. dna repair seems to be mainly responsible for these thresholds. to this end, we assessed several mutagenic alkylators in the ames test with four different strains of salmonella typhimurium: the alkyl transferases proficient strain ta1535 (ogt+/ada+), as well as t ... | 2014 | 24273186 |
| flagellin in fusion with human rotavirus structural proteins exerts an adjuvant effect when delivered with replicating but non-disseminating adenovectors through the intrarectal route. | human rotavirus (hrv) is the worldwide leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children. two live attenuated hrv vaccines have been approved since 2006. however, these live vaccines still have potential risks including reversion of virulence. adenoviruses are suitable vectors for mucosal administration of subunit vaccines. in addition to the adjuvant effect of certain adenovirus components, the use of an adjuvant like flagellin is also another means to increase the immune response to the immun ... | 2014 | 24271565 |
| novel strategy combining sybr green i with carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium dna. | a simple, selective, sensitive and label-free fluorescent method for detecting trps-harboring salmonella typhimurium was developed in this study. this assay used the non-covalent interaction of single-stranded dna (ssdna) probes with swnts, since swnts can quench fluorescence. fluorescence recovery (78% with 1.8 nm target dna) was detected in the presence of target dna as ssdna probes detached from swnts hybridized with target dna, and the resulting double-stranded dna (dsdna) intercalated with ... | 2014 | 24267562 |
| dietary supplementation with white button mushrooms augments the protective immune response to salmonella vaccine in mice. | we previously showed that dietary white button mushrooms (wbms) enhanced natural killer cell activity and that in vitro wbm supplementation promotes maturation and function of dendritic cells (dcs). the current study investigated whether wbm consumption would enhance pathogen-specific immune response using a salmonella vaccination and infection animal model. c57bl/6 mice were fed diets containing 0%, 2%, or 5% wbm for 4 wk before oral vaccination with live attenuated salmonella typhimurium sl147 ... | 2014 | 24259557 |
| comparison of enrichment broths for the recovery of healthy and heat-injured salmonella typhimurium on raw duck wings. | this study was performed to optimiz esalmonella typhimurium recovery from raw duck wings with five nonselective broths (buffered peptone water, tryptic soy broth, lactose broth, universal preenrichment broth, nutrient broth) and four selective broths (selenite broth, bax system mp media [mp], salmonella ad media [ad], one broth-salmonella [ob]). healthy or heat-injured (50 and 85% injury) cells were inoculated at a level of 10(2), 10(1), or 10(0) cfu/25 g on raw duck wings. growth was modeled us ... | 2013 | 24215702 |
| evaluation of the genotoxicity of clomiphene citrate. | clomiphene citrate (cc) is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that is primarily used to enhance follicular development in women receiving in vitro fertilization (ivf) treatment. although some studies suggested large increases in ovarian cancer risk related to fertility medications, this association has not been confirmed in other studies. whether there could be a residual, small risk is still an open question. it is known that genomic instability and multiple genetic changes may be required ... | 2014 | 24189048 |
| nanosilica coating for bonding improvements to zirconia. | resin bonding to zirconia cannot be established from standard methods that are currently utilized in conventional silica-based dental ceramics. the solution-gelatin (sol-gel) process is a well developed silica-coating technique used to modify the surface of nonsilica-based ceramics. here, we use this technique to improve resin bonding to zirconia, which we compared to zirconia surfaces treated with alumina sandblasting and tribochemical silica coating. we used the shear bond strength test to exa ... | 2013 | 24179333 |
| the sensitive balance between the fully folded and locally unfolded conformations of a model peroxiredoxin. | to reduce peroxides, peroxiredoxins (prxs) require a key "peroxidatic" cys that, in a substrate-ready fully folded (ff) conformation, is oxidized to sulfenic acid and then, after a local unfolding (lu) of the active site, forms a disulfide bond with a second "resolving" cys. for salmonella typhimurium alkyl hydroperoxide reductase c (stahpc) and some other prxs, the ff structure is only known for a peroxidatic cys→ser variant, which may not accurately represent the wild-type enzyme. here, we obt ... | 2013 | 24175952 |
| salmonella typhimurium infections associated with a community college microbiology laboratory--maine, 2013. | on may 2, 2013, a case of salmonellosis was reported to the maine center for disease control and prevention. the patient reported symptoms of diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and nausea, after attending a community college microbiology laboratory class. a second case was reported on may 8. epidemiologic interviews conducted with both patients indicated common exposure at a community college, including one patient specifically naming the other patient. | 2013 | 24172882 |
| mutagenicity of edible palm oil on the ghanaian market before and after repeated heating. | red palm oil produced in ghana largely by village folks has never been tested for its mutagenic potential. the study aimed at determining the mutagenicity of high-energy heated red palm oil (rrpo) and refined, bleached imported palm oil (po) on the ghanaian market. samples of rrpo and po were 1× and 5× heated for 10 min at 180 °c with a cooling period of 5 h in-between. unheated, together with heated samples, were tested for mutagenicity using salmonella typhimurium ta 98 and ta 100 tester stain ... | 2013 | 24171816 |